Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

The conducted research is aimed at correcting the method of graphic reconstruction of the appearance based on the skull. The method is widely used in both anthropology and criminology. The Forensic Center of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was sent the skulls for which there were lifetime photographs. The restoration of the appearance in the form of graphic reconstructions was carried out by students who completed the course of Anthropological reconstruction at the RSUH, under the guidance of Prof., head of the Laboratory E.V. Veselovskaya. Strictly after the restoration of the appearance was completed, lifetime photos were provided, on the basis of which the degree of similarity of the reconstruction with the original was assessed. The purpose of the experiment is to correct the method of graphic reconstruction of the appearance based on the skull and supplement it with new details. Anthropologists carried out gender and age determination of individuals for a more accurate representation of appearance. Based on the results of comparing lifetime photographic images with the performed reconstructions, it can bed that their overall satisfactory level of compliance is sufficient for correct identification. However, a number of inaccuracies have been identified. As a result, areas of the face have been identified that require further refinement of the method of anthropological reconstruction. So, the thickness, and especially the shape, of the lips turned out to be an unresolved problem. The size of the iris is an important physiognomic feature. It is recommended to clarify the definition of the skull of the lifetime physiognomic height of the face, the width of the nose and the distance between the nasolabial folds.

The study aimed to analyze the literature data on postmortem changes in the brain and their use to determine the time since death. The earliest manifestations of brain cell autolysis are detected by electron microscopy (15-20 minutes after death). The longer the postmortem period, the more morphofunctional changes in the brain are revealed by histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. The pronouncement of postmortem changes varies in different brain divisions and structural elements. Postmortem scanning is the most efficient way to visualize postmortem hypostases in the brain. Brain tissue autolysis development reduces the pronouncement of grooves and convolutions, as well as CT density and contrast of structures on MR images.

The article presents an experience of organization and production of comprehensive forensic expertises in the framework of arbitration proceeding on claims of medical organization to insurance medical companies concerning the amount of payment for the rendered health care in the field of «ophthalmology» with patients' admission to round-the-clock inpatient hospital. The methodology and algorithm of forensic expertise production after earlier conducted examinations of health care quality on case materials and original medical records of hospital patients are provided.

Objective: Determination of the diffusion regularities of ethanol in nonencapsulated subdural hematomas.

Material and methods: The finite-element modelling of the ethanol's concentration field for the non-lethal nonencapsulated subdural hematoma using the ELCUT 6.5 application was carried out.

Results: A two-dimensional finite-element concentration field model of a low volume subdural hematoma, taking into account the different boundary conditions of ethanol diffusion, has been developed. It has been proven that the diffusion rate of ethanol is determined by the impact of its initial concentration field, the level of ethanolemia, the geometry of hematoma, as well as the diffusion properties of bounding with hematoma tissues. The possibility of ethanol diffusion in the content of a nonalcoholic hematoma from bounding tissues was shown. The central region of hematoma has been found to have the highest ethanol concentration stability. If the diffusion's boundary conditions are not identical, the indicated area shifts to the surface of hematoma with a lower density of diffusion's flow.

Conclusion: It is recommended to interpret the postmortem concentration of ethanol in the most diffusion-resistant region of hematoma as the minimum limit of ethanolemia during the hematoma formation.

Quantitative determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in different biological objects in recent years has been positioned as one of the most reliable biomarkers of unconditional alcohol consumption. The aim of the study is to summarize the analytical methods of alcohol consumption testing with the use of EtG currently available in domestic and foreign literature and to present a schematic overview of possible errors in reproducibility and interpretation of research on EtG results, which may limit their use in forensic medical practice. The main objective is to increase the reliability and validity of EtG as a marker of ethanol consumption.

Objective: To determine morphological alterations in lung tissues in the case of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the aspect of process staging with consideration to disease duration.

Material and methods: The number of COVID-19-related deaths of patients aged 55-65 years equal 17 were investigated. Serial cuts of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin, obtained from several lung fragments of each corpse, were analyzed. Morphological features previously described in literature sources were taken into account.

Results and conclusion: It has been established, that processes in lungs have a phasic character, furthermore they are not clearly delimited in time. In addition, there were no morphological features specific to COVID-19. Obtained results may allow forensic medical experts-histologists to predict the COVID-19 duration.

The article presents a detailed analysis of the stages of formation, development and achievements of the forensic medicine department of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, established in 1933 yr. More than 100 resident doctors and 15 PhD students have been trained in the department for 90 years. As a part of additional professional education implementation, more than 800 cycles of training courses for forensic medical and forensic experts and more than 30 cycles of professional retraining for doctors of other specialties have been carried out. More than 160 thous. specialists have been trained at the department since its establishment. Many employees of the department were directly involved in the performance of the most complicated and socially significant forensic medical examinations. The article describes the main achievements and scientific directions of the department's staff activity, directions and prospects of improving the training of forensic medical personnel in the country.

Objective: To determine the specific morphological features of damages on the cloth and biological simulator of the human body in the detonation of RGD-5 and RGN fragmentation hand offensive grenades.

Material and methods: The study was carried out on the 12 targets from a biological simulator of the human body wrapped in cotton cloth by detonation of examined grenades at a distance of 50 cm and 1 m from the target.

Results: The character and features of damages of cloth and human body biological simulator, features of soot deposition made it possible to determine specific signs for each of examined offensive grenades types.

Conclusions: The complex of obtained data allows to determine with high accuracy the detonation distance and the type of explosive device.

The article presents the description of 3 fatal cases of subjects with alcohol abuse in past medical history under xenotherapy procedure. The formulation of diagnoses and judgements on death causes of victims are shown. "Blind spots" in the expertise of death cases under the xenotherapy procedure are discussed.

This study aimed to define the criteria for legal assessment of medical care violations. Today, medical incidents, particularly medical care violations, are not systematized and have no legal definitions. This complicates their legal assessment and does not allow for the necessary effectiveness of legal regulation of relations in the healthcare sector. The author proposes an original classification of medical care violations based on the attitude of the subject of medical activity to his professional duties. This classification divides violations into medical torts (offenses) and medical incidents (accidents and medical errors). A conceptual approach to the legal qualification of medical care violations is provided.