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Strangers among their own: local interaction, integration, and segregation of Russian immigrants in Prague 他们自己中的陌生人:布拉格俄罗斯移民的当地互动、融合和隔离
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124030341
E. Ignatyeva, L. Sýkora
The paper aims to understand the relations between segregation, integration, and interaction of Russian immigrants in the city of Prague. Focusing on localities with a high-level concentration of Russians, the paper discusses the choice of residential area and its assessment, future migration plans, and local relations and the nature of everyday social interaction of Russian immigrants with other Russians, immigrants, and Czech citizens. While Russians are in daily interaction with the majority as well as with their fellow countrymen, the research highlighted their tendencies of mental separation and isolation, which hinders local integration.
本文旨在了解俄罗斯移民在布拉格的隔离、融合和互动之间的关系。本文以俄罗斯人高度集中的地区为重点,讨论了居住区的选择及其评估、未来的移民计划、俄罗斯移民与其他俄罗斯人、移民和捷克公民的当地关系和日常社会互动的性质。虽然俄罗斯人每天与大多数人以及他们的同胞互动,但研究强调了他们在精神上的分离和孤立倾向,这阻碍了当地的融合。
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引用次数: 1
Changes in extreme temperature indices over the Peripannonian region of Bosnia and Herzegovina 波黑Peripannonian地区极端温度指数的变化
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124010019
T. Popov, Slobodan Gnjato, Goran Trbić
The paper analyzes changes in extreme temperature indices over the Peripannonian region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data on daily minimum and maximum temperatures during the period 1961–2016 from four meteorological stations were used for the calculation in the RClimDex (1.0) sopware trends in 16 indices recommended by the Expert team on climate change detection and indices. The estimated significant upward tendency in indices of warm extremes and downward in cold-related indices confirm that warming is present. The highest trend values were obtained for indices TXx, TNn, TN90p, TX90p, SU25, SU30 and WSDI. The results indicate significant distributional changes in the period 1987−2016 compared to the period 1961−1990. A significant positive (negative) correlation between the East-Atlantic pattern and indices of warm (cold) extremes was determined throughout the year. In winter and spring, significant links to the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation, respectively, were also found.
本文分析了波黑Peripannonian地区极端温度指数的变化。利用1961-2016年4个气象站的日最低和最高气温数据,在RClimDex(1.0)软件中计算了气候变化探测和指数专家组推荐的16个指数的趋势。极端温暖指数的估计显著上升趋势和与寒冷有关的指数的下降趋势证实了变暖的存在。指数TXx、TNn、TN90p、TX90p、SU25、SU30和WSDI的趋势值最高。结果表明,与1961 - 1990年相比,1987 - 2016年期间的分布发生了显著变化。东大西洋模式与全年极端暖(冷)指数之间存在显著的正(负)相关。在冬季和春季,也分别发现了与北大西洋涛动和北极涛动的显著联系。
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引用次数: 5
Simulating land use change in the southern part of Warsaw Metropolitan Area with application of Dyna-CLUE model 应用Dyna-CLUE模型模拟华沙都市区南部土地利用变化
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124010057
P. Pokojska
The present research covers the issue of prediction of changes of the land use appearing due to progressing urban sprawl process in Piaseczno county, located in the Warsaw Metropolitan Area. The Dyna-CLUE land use change model was applied, assuming a variety of scenarios pertaining to the direction of change of land use within a time prospect of 20 and 35 years. The scenarios pertaining to the expected land use changes are developed with consideration given to the expected population changes. When implementing the Dyna-CLUE model, 8 factors having impact on the land use patterns within the research area are considered. As a result of the modelling, maps demonstrating the expected land use patterns have been created, making it possible to indicate municipalities and areas within which there is the highest probability of emergence of new buildings.
目前的研究涵盖了由于位于华沙大都市区的Piaseczno县不断发展的城市扩张过程而出现的土地利用变化的预测问题。采用Dyna-CLUE土地利用变化模型,对20年和35年的土地利用变化方向进行了假设。与预期的土地用途变化有关的设想是在考虑到预期的人口变化的情况下制定的。在实施Dyna-CLUE模型时,考虑了影响研究区土地利用格局的8个因素。建模的结果是绘制了显示预期土地使用模式的地图,从而可以指出最有可能出现新建筑物的市镇和地区。
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引用次数: 3
The role of spatial visual analysis in historical religious studies 空间视觉分析在宗教历史研究中的作用
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2019124030265
Adam Mertel, Z. Stachoň, T. Glomb, Tomás Hampejs, Vojtěch Kaše, Aleš Chalupa, D. Papoušek
This paper examines the possibilities and benefits of spatial visual analysis in exploring and answering a hypothesis proposed in a historical study of religions. The content was based on the GEHIR project, which studies the history of ancient Graeco-Roman religions using innovative methods applied in the study of complex systems. The first part of the paper describes three case studies and their hypotheses and input datasets. Relevant spatial methods are subsequently proposed and were implemented as a web-based map application deployed online (gehir.phil.muni.cz/map). Apart from certain constraints, the new option and benefit of using visual analysis brings a unique view to phenomena in historical research. This could open new discussions and contribute to the dissemination of geographic methods to, and overall knowledge of, historians.
本文探讨了空间视觉分析在探索和回答宗教历史研究中提出的一个假设方面的可能性和好处。其内容基于GEHIR项目,该项目使用应用于复杂系统研究的创新方法研究古希腊罗马宗教的历史。论文的第一部分描述了三个案例研究及其假设和输入数据集。随后提出了相关的空间方法,并作为在线部署的基于web的地图应用程序实施(gehir.phil.muni.cz/map)。除了某些限制之外,使用视觉分析的新选择和好处为历史研究中的现象带来了独特的视角。这可以开启新的讨论,并有助于向历史学家传播地理方法和整体知识。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the local context on voting behavior in Czechia 捷克当地环境对投票行为的影响
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124040411
Renáta Mikešová
There are significant differences in voting behavior among municipalities and regions in parliamentary elections in Czechia. In the following study we concentrate on the influence of local context on voting behavior. We studied 10 municipalities and regions with a specific voting behavior that does not correspond to the expected voting behavior – according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the population. Using qualitative data analysis (focus groups and in-depth interviews), we focused on causes of voting behavior that are difficult to reveal through quantitative methods. According to the analysis, the socio-economic structure of the inhabitants of the regions, together with the influence of family, family history, traditions, and experiences shaped by the historical development of the region, have significant impact on political socialization and voting behavior. Local politics and local politicians also have some influence. At the same time, there are noticable differences between individual municipalities and regions representing different party families.
在捷克议会选举中,各城市和地区的投票行为存在显著差异。在接下来的研究中,我们将集中研究当地环境对投票行为的影响。我们研究了10个城市和地区,根据人口的社会人口特征,他们的特定投票行为与预期的投票行为不相符。通过定性数据分析(焦点小组和深度访谈),我们专注于难以通过定量方法揭示的投票行为的原因。分析认为,地区居民的社会经济结构,以及地区历史发展所形成的家庭、家族史、传统和经历的影响,对政治社会化和投票行为产生了重大影响。地方政治和地方政客也有一定的影响力。与此同时,代表不同党系的各市、各区之间也存在明显差异。
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引用次数: 2
Transformation of fertility in Slovakia in the context of differences between center and hinterland 中心与腹地差异背景下斯洛伐克生育率的转变
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124030281
Pavol Ďurček, B. Šprocha
The aim of this paper is to analyze the progress of postponement and recuperation of fertility in the context of the differences between functional urban regions and their centers and hinterlands in Slovakia. In addition to the standard indicators for expressing the change in fertility tempo and quantum, we will also analyze the postponement fertility transition by postponement and recuperation rate and the index of recuperation. In the main findings it can be noted that postponement fertility transition contributed to spatial differentiation especially in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century. In recent years, we can identify a certain reduction in differences. The second important finding is that the spread of changes in the character of fertility progressed largely in the west–east direction. The hierarchical element of the diffusion of new reproductive behavior was secondary. Centers have been affected by changes in selected fertility indicators earlier, and these have been more intensive.
本文的目的是分析在斯洛伐克功能城市区域及其中心和腹地之间差异的背景下推迟和恢复生育的进展。除了表达生育节奏和数量变化的标准指标外,我们还将通过延迟和恢复率和恢复指数来分析延迟生育过渡。在主要研究结果中可以注意到,在20世纪90年代和21世纪初,推迟生育过渡有助于空间分异。近年来,我们可以看到差异在一定程度上有所减少。第二个重要的发现是生育力特征变化的传播主要是在东西方向上进行的。新繁殖行为扩散的等级因素是次要的。各中心较早受到某些生育指标变化的影响,而且影响更大。
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引用次数: 0
Continental shelf: scientific reality versus legal fiction 大陆架:科学现实与法律虚构
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124040455
Dorota Harakaľová
The article analyzes and compares the scientific and legal concept of the continental shelf: Is the legal definition of shelf identical to the scientific concept? The aim of the article is to point out differences in the legal definition of continental shelf, which was designed to provide the greatest benefits to coastal states. The legal continental shelf is important because of the acknowledging the rights of sovereign rights to the shelf resources of the coastal state. The coastal state has exclusive rights to exploit the living and non-living resources of the shelf and its subsoil, and other states may not interfere with these rights. The first legal definition of the shelf took into account the criteria of exploitability. The definition of shelf, as codified in UNCLOS, despite the strict criteria for extending the shelf linked to the seabed geology and geomorphology, is a legal fiction.
本文对大陆架的科学概念和法律概念进行了分析和比较:大陆架的法律定义是否与科学概念一致?本文的目的是指出大陆架法律定义的差异,旨在为沿海国提供最大的利益。法律大陆架的重要性在于承认沿海国对大陆架资源的主权权利。沿海国拥有开发大陆架及其底土上的生物和非生物资源的专有权,其他国家不得干涉该权利。大陆架的第一个法律定义考虑到了可利用性的标准。《联合国海洋法公约》对大陆架的定义是一种法律虚构,尽管与海底地质和地貌有关的大陆架扩展标准严格。
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引用次数: 0
An instance-based scoring system for indoor landmark salience evaluation 基于实例的室内地标显著性评价评分系统
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2019124020103
Litao Zhu, Hana Svedová, Jie Shen, Z. Stachoň, Jiafeng Shi, Dajana Snopková, X. Li
Navigation in a complex indoor environment can be difficult, and pedestrians may find themselves disoriented. As the featured objects of an environment, indoor landmarks play an important role in navigation. A review of the existing literature in outdoor landmark evaluation methods, however, shows that they cannot be fully applicable in any indoor environment. In this paper, an instance-based scoring system is proposed for analyzing the indicators that influence the salience of spatial objects from visual, semantic and structural aspects. An Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied to calculate landmark weights using these indicators. Two types of indoor scenes were employed as instances to verify the validity of this method, the Dongchenghui shopping mall (Nanjing, China) using a subjective questionnaire and interview method, and the headquarters of Masaryk University (Brno, Czechia) using an objective eyetracking method. Be result of the two instances showed that the proposed method was feasible.
在复杂的室内环境中导航很困难,行人可能会迷失方向。室内地标作为环境的特征对象,在导航中起着重要的作用。然而,通过对现有室外地标性评价方法的文献回顾,发现这些方法并不能完全适用于任何室内环境。本文提出了一种基于实例的评分系统,从视觉、语义和结构三个方面分析影响空间对象显著性的指标。采用层次分析法计算这些指标的地标权值。以两类室内场景为例,采用主观问卷和访谈法对中国南京东城汇购物中心和捷克布尔诺马萨里克大学总部进行了客观眼动追踪法,验证了方法的有效性。算例结果表明,该方法是可行的。
{"title":"An instance-based scoring system for indoor landmark salience evaluation","authors":"Litao Zhu, Hana Svedová, Jie Shen, Z. Stachoň, Jiafeng Shi, Dajana Snopková, X. Li","doi":"10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2019124020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2019124020103","url":null,"abstract":"Navigation in a complex indoor environment can be difficult, and pedestrians may find themselves disoriented. As the featured objects of an environment, indoor landmarks play an important role in navigation. A review of the existing literature in outdoor landmark evaluation methods, however, shows that they cannot be fully applicable in any indoor environment. In this paper, an instance-based scoring system is proposed for analyzing the indicators that influence the salience of spatial objects from visual, semantic and structural aspects. An Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied to calculate landmark weights using these indicators. Two types of indoor scenes were employed as instances to verify the validity of this method, the Dongchenghui shopping mall (Nanjing, China) using a subjective questionnaire and interview method, and the headquarters of Masaryk University (Brno, Czechia) using an objective eyetracking method. Be result of the two instances showed that the proposed method was feasible.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72827800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Josephian cadastre as a source of geographic information on historical landscapes 约瑟夫地籍作为历史景观的地理信息来源
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124030315
Jindřich Frajer
The article deals with the potential of the Josephian Cadastre (1785–1790) to be the first modern cadastre in the territory of the Habsburg Monarchy for the purposes of the geographic research of historical landscapes. Although the cadastre is not equipped with maps, the Book of Fasí provides very detailed written information of each plot within the defined cadastral area. The case study focuses on the applicability of the Josephian Cadastre on the research of historical land use and the possibility of involving it as another time horizon in the LUCC Czechia database (1846–2010). We carried out a check of the borders defined in the Josephian Cadastre with the later Stabile Cadaster (1837–1843) and its maps using the retrogression method. It was ascertained that the cadastral areas did not correspond to each other and their homogenization was necessary for further comparison. Despite the fact that some areas were not surveyed in the Josephian Cadastre, this source can be used to acquire detailed data of land use in eight basic classes and to utilize them both in the research of landscape macrostructure – and for specific landscape elements, such as ponds, balks, hedgerows, rocks, and remnants of montane activities.
本文探讨了约瑟夫地籍(1785-1790)作为哈布斯堡王朝领土上第一个现代地籍的潜力,以用于历史景观的地理研究。虽然地籍没有配备地图,Fasí的书提供了非常详细的书面信息,每个地块在定义地籍区域。本案例研究的重点是约瑟夫地籍在历史土地利用研究中的适用性,以及将其作为另一个时间范围纳入捷克土地利用与土地覆盖委员会数据库(1846-2010)的可能性。我们用回溯法对约瑟夫地籍中定义的边界与后来的稳定地籍(1837-1843)及其地图进行了核对。确定地籍区彼此不对应,它们的均质化是进一步比较的必要条件。尽管在约瑟夫地籍中没有对一些地区进行调查,但这一来源可以用来获取8个基本类别的土地利用详细数据,并将其用于景观宏观结构的研究,以及特定景观元素的研究,如池塘、篱笆、树篱、岩石和山地活动的遗迹。
{"title":"Josephian cadastre as a source of geographic information on historical landscapes","authors":"Jindřich Frajer","doi":"10.37040/geografie2019124030315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2019124030315","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the potential of the Josephian Cadastre (1785–1790) to be the first modern cadastre in the territory of the Habsburg Monarchy for the purposes of the geographic research of historical landscapes. Although the cadastre is not equipped with maps, the Book of Fasí provides very detailed written information of each plot within the defined cadastral area. The case study focuses on the applicability of the Josephian Cadastre on the research of historical land use and the possibility of involving it as another time horizon in the LUCC Czechia database (1846–2010). We carried out a check of the borders defined in the Josephian Cadastre with the later Stabile Cadaster (1837–1843) and its maps using the retrogression method. It was ascertained that the cadastral areas did not correspond to each other and their homogenization was necessary for further comparison. Despite the fact that some areas were not surveyed in the Josephian Cadastre, this source can be used to acquire detailed data of land use in eight basic classes and to utilize them both in the research of landscape macrostructure – and for specific landscape elements, such as ponds, balks, hedgerows, rocks, and remnants of montane activities.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Regional health inequalities explained: empirical evidence from Czechia 解释区域卫生不平等:来自捷克的经验证据
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2019124040365
Aleš Bělohradský, D. Glocker
Health outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe have been generally improving over the last two decades. However, in Czechia, similar to other countries, the outcomes vary significantly across the regional dimension. In 2016, life expectancy at birth ranged from between 75.5 to 80 years – across 77 districts. This article empirically analyses the determinants of these differences using a wide range of explanatory variables that are available on a district level. Applying factor analysis, our findings indicate that the socio-economic situation within a district is the main driver – explaining a difference of up to four years in life expectancy at birth. Further, controlling for gender specific variables, the results suggest that for men alcohol consumption significantly reduces life expectancy. Both factors capturing the socio-economic situation and alcohol consumption exceed the impact of health care accessibility or environmental causes on life expectancy. The results remain robust when using more disaggregated information on 206 administrative districts – per geographic scale.
过去二十年来,中欧和东欧的健康状况总体上有所改善。然而,在捷克,与其他国家类似,结果在区域层面上差异很大。2016年,77个地区的出生时预期寿命从75.5岁到80岁不等。本文利用地区层面上广泛的解释变量对这些差异的决定因素进行了实证分析。通过因素分析,我们的研究结果表明,一个地区内的社会经济状况是主要驱动因素,这解释了出生时预期寿命最长可达4年的差异。此外,在控制了特定性别的变量后,结果表明,对于男性来说,饮酒会显著降低预期寿命。反映社会经济状况和酒精消费的这两个因素都超过了保健可及性或环境因素对预期寿命的影响。当使用206个行政区域的更多分类信息时,结果仍然稳健。
{"title":"Regional health inequalities explained: empirical evidence from Czechia","authors":"Aleš Bělohradský, D. Glocker","doi":"10.37040/geografie2019124040365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2019124040365","url":null,"abstract":"Health outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe have been generally improving over the last two decades. However, in Czechia, similar to other countries, the outcomes vary significantly across the regional dimension. In 2016, life expectancy at birth ranged from between 75.5 to 80 years – across 77 districts. This article empirically analyses the determinants of these differences using a wide range of explanatory variables that are available on a district level. Applying factor analysis, our findings indicate that the socio-economic situation within a district is the main driver – explaining a difference of up to four years in life expectancy at birth. Further, controlling for gender specific variables, the results suggest that for men alcohol consumption significantly reduces life expectancy. Both factors capturing the socio-economic situation and alcohol consumption exceed the impact of health care accessibility or environmental causes on life expectancy. The results remain robust when using more disaggregated information on 206 administrative districts – per geographic scale.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86201647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Geografie-Sbornik CGS
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