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Overview of the InterPARES Trust Project in Africa: Trusting Records in an Increasingly Networked Environment 非洲InterPARES信托项目概述:在日益网络化的环境中信任记录
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1247743
S. Katuu
ABSTRACT InterPARES Trust (IP Trust) research project’s goal is to generate the theoretical and methodological frameworks that address issues related to the management of digital records in networked environments. Team Africa forms part of the IP Trust project and is undertaking six case studies. This article provides an overview of the research activities within each of the case studies. Team Africa’s case studies began recently and, therefore, there are no final products of the research process. Nonetheless, ongoing dissemination activities include three conference presentations (in Croatia, Spain, and the United States) as well as eight peer-reviewed articles published. Team Africa’s case studies focus on actionable factors defined from the ground up rather than from purely theoretical constructs. One case study’s output addresses trustworthiness of records in South Africa’s public audit processes. Three case studies’ output will address the management of digital records in Botswana, Kenya, and Zimbabwe. Another case study’s output addresses the legislative and regulatory provisions related to management of records in South Africa. The last case study’s output is geared to aligning the curriculum of professionals that manage records in Africa’s institutions of higher learning.
InterPARES Trust (IP Trust)研究项目的目标是生成理论和方法框架,解决与网络环境中数字记录管理相关的问题。非洲小组是知识产权信托项目的一部分,正在进行六项案例研究。本文概述了每个案例研究中的研究活动。非洲小组的案例研究最近才开始,因此,研究过程没有最终成果。尽管如此,正在进行的传播活动包括三次会议报告(在克罗地亚、西班牙和美国)以及发表的八篇同行评议文章。非洲团队的案例研究侧重于从头开始定义的可操作因素,而不是纯粹的理论构建。一个案例研究的产出涉及南非公共审计过程中记录的可信度。三个案例研究的产出将涉及博茨瓦纳、肯尼亚和津巴布韦的数字记录管理。另一个案例研究的产出涉及与南非记录管理有关的立法和管理规定。最后一个案例研究的产出是为了调整非洲高等教育机构中管理记录的专业人员的课程。
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引用次数: 4
Scholarly Collaboration in Kenyan Universities 肯尼亚大学的学术合作
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1252562
I. Moseti, S. Mutula
ABSTRACT This article focuses on participation by Kenyan scholars in collaborative networks, specifically the extent of scholars’ participation in professional societies; levels of scholarly interactions among colleagues in universities in Kenya, and the nature of scholarly collaboration between scholars in Kenya and their international peers. The study’s theoretical lens was the Social Network Theory and employed a survey within a multiple case study design. Data was collected from 350 faculty and 370 postgraduate students using self-administered questionnaires. The study implied that limited participation by scholars in collaborative networks hinders creation of new knowledge and lowers scholars’ research productivity. The study recommends institutional interventions to nurture scholarly collaboration.
本文关注肯尼亚学者在合作网络中的参与情况,特别是学者在专业协会中的参与程度;肯尼亚大学同事之间的学术互动水平,以及肯尼亚学者与其国际同行之间学术合作的性质。该研究的理论视角是社会网络理论,并在多个案例研究设计中采用了一项调查。数据收集自350名教师和370名研究生,采用自我管理问卷。研究表明,学者在协作网络中的有限参与阻碍了新知识的创造,降低了学者的研究效率。该研究建议通过机构干预来促进学术合作。
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引用次数: 2
Defending against Wormhole Attack in MANET Using an Artificial Immune System 利用人工免疫系统防御MANET中的虫洞攻击
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1247741
S. Jamali, Reza Fotohi
ABSTRACT MANETs are mobile networks that are spontaneously deployed over a geographically limited area without requiring any pre-existing infrastructure. Typically, nodes are both autonomous and self-organized without requiring a central administration or a fixed network infrastructure. Due to their distributed nature, MANET is vulnerable to a specific routing misbehavior, called wormhole attack. In a wormhole attack, one malicious node tunnels packets from its location to the other malicious node. Such wormhole attacks result in a false route with fewer hop count. If the source node follows this fake route, malicious nodes have the option of delivering the packets or dropping them. This article aims at removing these attacks. For this purpose, it investigates the use of an Artificial Immune System (AIS) to defend against wormhole attack. The proposed approach learns rapidly how to detect and bypass the wormhole nodes without affecting the overall performance of the network. The proposed approach is evaluated in comparison with other existing solutions in terms of dropped packet count, packet loss ratio, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay. A simulation result shows that the proposed approach offers better performance than other schemes defending against the wormhole attack.
manet是在地理上有限的区域内自发部署的移动网络,不需要任何预先存在的基础设施。通常,节点既自治又自组织,不需要中央管理或固定的网络基础设施。由于其分布式特性,MANET容易受到特定路由错误行为的攻击,称为虫洞攻击。在虫洞攻击中,一个恶意节点通过隧道将数据包从其所在位置发送给另一个恶意节点。这种虫洞攻击会导致跳数较少的假路由。如果源节点遵循这条虚假路由,恶意节点可以选择发送数据包或丢弃数据包。本文旨在消除这些攻击。为此目的,它研究了人工免疫系统(AIS)的使用来防御虫洞攻击。该方法快速学习如何在不影响网络整体性能的情况下检测和绕过虫洞节点。该方法在丢包数、丢包率、吞吐量、包传送率和端到端延迟方面与其他现有解决方案进行了比较。仿真结果表明,该方法比其他方案具有更好的防御虫洞攻击的性能。
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引用次数: 59
Next Generation University Library Information Systems Based on Cooperative Learning 基于合作学习的下一代大学图书馆信息系统
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1247742
László Barna Iantovics, L. Kovács, G. Fekete
ABSTRACT An integrated library information system is a resource planning system for a library, used to track resources owned, bills paid, orders made, and patrons who have borrowed. In our research, we focused on university library information systems (ULISs). We identified an important research question regarding their main limitation in offering intelligent help to the students in their documentation/learning. We identified the importance of the endowment of ULISs with artificial intelligence. In this article, we analyzed different aspects related to the presence of computational intelligence in ULISs and intelligence of ULISs. Finally, we proposed a complex next generation ULIS based on a hybrid cooperative learning, being able to offer an intelligent help for personalized learning of students. We defined some novel paradigms in the context of a novel kind of cooperative hybrid personalized learning, such as learning role and sub-role; and learning intelligence level.
图书馆综合信息系统是图书馆的资源规划系统,用于跟踪图书馆拥有的资源、支付的账单、发出的订单和借阅的用户。在我们的研究中,我们的重点是大学图书馆信息系统(ULISs)。我们发现了一个重要的研究问题,即它们在为学生提供文档/学习方面的智能帮助方面的主要局限性。我们认识到赋予ULISs人工智能的重要性。在本文中,我们分析了与ULISs中计算智能的存在和ULISs的智能相关的不同方面。最后,我们提出了一种基于混合合作学习的复合型下一代ULIS,能够为学生的个性化学习提供智能帮助。在一种新型的合作混合个性化学习的背景下,我们定义了一些新的范式,如学习角色和子角色;学习智力水平。
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引用次数: 7
Creating Disk Images of Born Digital Content: A Case Study Comparing Success Rates of Institutional Versus Private Collections 创建原生数字内容的磁盘映像:比较机构与私人收藏成功率的案例研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1251849
Denise de Vries, M. Swalwell
ABSTRACT Although libraries maintain collections of material on computer disks in climate controlled environments, a significant amount of digital heritage is in private collections. In this study we compared the outcomes of creating disk images of the State Library of South Australia’s born digital collections with those of a private collector to gauge the effect of long term storage conditions. The failure rates of both collections give cause for concern, and the results from the private collection are alarming.
虽然图书馆在气候可控的环境中保存着计算机磁盘上的资料,但大量的数字遗产是私人收藏。在这项研究中,我们比较了为南澳大利亚州立图书馆的数字馆藏创建磁盘映像的结果与私人收藏家的磁盘映像的结果,以衡量长期存储条件的影响。两种收集的失败率都令人担忧,而私有收集的结果令人担忧。
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引用次数: 1
Transmitting Albanian Cultural Identity in the Age of the Internet 网络时代阿尔巴尼亚文化身份的传播
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1234828
Bendis Pustina
ABSTRACT The Albanian diaspora is one of the largest in the world, compared to the population it originates from. Its degree of assimilation varies depending on time, settlement, and other social factors. While the family played the major role in preserving the identity, nowadays it is not sufficient to convey identity to the younger generations that spend substantial time online and need adequate web resources. This article aims to analyze the main websites created by and for the Albanian diaspora in Albanian, and some initiatives of national and private institutions, which present the intangible and tangible heritage to the wider diaspora.
与人口来源相比,阿尔巴尼亚侨民是世界上最大的移民群体之一。它的同化程度取决于时间、居住地和其他社会因素。虽然家庭在保存身份方面发挥了主要作用,但如今,仅仅向年轻一代传达身份是不够的,因为他们花大量时间上网,需要足够的网络资源。本文旨在分析阿尔巴尼亚侨民在阿尔巴尼亚语中创建和为其创建的主要网站,以及国家和私人机构的一些举措,这些举措向更广泛的侨民展示了非物质和物质遗产。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of Data from Maltese Passport Applications Held at the National Archives of Malta: A New Digital Resource 马耳他国家档案馆持有的马耳他护照申请数据分析:一种新的数字资源
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1234842
Mark Caruana
ABSTRACT This article presents a voluntary effort to build a database that supports the content analysis of a collection of Maltese bills of health from 1815-50 and passport applications and renewals from 1870-1923. The article addresses the needs in such a digital resource; the process of its development and its possible applications in historical research. The effort took over six years, and is an example of a citizen science project; this is its first presentation to the wider community. The resource is particularly useful for anyone interested in studying the Maltese diaspora.
本文介绍了建立一个数据库的自愿努力,该数据库支持1815-50年马耳他健康账单和1870-1923年护照申请和续签的内容分析。本文解决了这样一个数字资源的需求;它的发展过程及其在历史研究中的可能应用。这项工作花了六年多的时间,是公民科学项目的一个例子;这是它第一次向更广泛的社区展示。该资源对任何对研究马耳他侨民感兴趣的人都特别有用。
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引用次数: 1
Diasporic Literary Archives Network and the Commonwealth: Namibia, Nigeria, Trinidad & Tobago, and Other Examples 散居文学档案网络与英联邦:纳米比亚、尼日利亚、特立尼达和多巴哥以及其他例子
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1234830
D. Sutton
ABSTRACT This article brings together three themes: primary sources for the study of literature; the diasporic nature of literary manuscripts; and the impact of the diaspora on the English-speaking world, in general, and the Commonwealth, in particular. The article begins by describing some general characteristics of literary manuscripts, focusing in particular on their diasporic nature. It then outlines the work of the project known as the Diasporic Literary Archives Network in the years 2012-15. It concludes with an assessment of the archival diaspora as it affects cultural and literary heritage work in Commonwealth countries.
本文主要围绕三个主题展开:文学研究的主要来源;文学手稿的流散性;以及移民对英语世界的影响,尤其是对英联邦的影响。本文首先描述了文学手稿的一些一般特征,特别关注它们的散居性质。然后概述了2012- 2015年被称为散居文学档案网络的项目的工作。它最后评估了档案散居,因为它影响英联邦国家的文化和文学遗产工作。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction: Diaspora, Identities, Memories 简介:散居、身份、记忆
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1234823
G. Portelli
This special issue of the New Review of Information Networking (NRIN) brings together a selection of articles presented at the 1 International conference The Commonwealth and its People: Diasporas, Identities, Memories, which took place in Valletta on 24–26 June 2015 (http://www. um.edu.mt/events/dim2015). The conference was conceived as an academic forum addressing topics related to the identity of diasporas and the role of memory institutions in documenting and preserving this type of complex heritage. The forum attracted participants from Albania, Australia, Barbados, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Ireland, Malta, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Turkey, UK, and USA; some articles were contributed from international organizations—the Memory of the World Committee of UNESCO contributed a session on preserving diasporic heritage in war times. While the Commonwealth was taken as an inspirational example for the academic debate, the broader interest to the issues around diasporas, their heritage, and the role of the digital technologies in capturing dispersed hybrid records attracted the participation of scholars working on other communities. The academic debate on diasporas, identities, and memories is per se interdisciplinary. The collection of articles that is published in this special issue illustrates this variety and the need to develop further common crossdisciplinary methodological approaches. In a subtle way, some of the topics addressed in this special issue are continuing links to some of the themes addressed in the previous volume of NRIN, Shaping our Legacy: Preserving the Social and Cultural Record, as they contribute additional views from countries where practices in documentation and creating solid digital records are still under developed. Moreover, they also capture complex social phenomena which accompany large-scale migration and cross generational migration. Thus, the article “Karamanlidika Digital Library Proposal: Reconstructing the Past of a Specific Diaspora” by Selenay Aytac (Long Island University, United States) looks into the integration of digital resources and the use of social media to bring together memories of Karamanlides, a Christian
《信息网络新评论》(NRIN)的本期特刊汇集了2015年6月24日至26日在瓦莱塔举行的“英联邦及其人民:侨民、身份、记忆”国际会议上发表的文章(http://www)。um.edu.mt /事件/ dim2015)。会议被设想为一个学术论坛,讨论与侨民身份以及记忆机构在记录和保护这类复杂遗产方面的作用有关的主题。论坛吸引了来自阿尔巴尼亚、澳大利亚、巴巴多斯、保加利亚、加拿大、捷克共和国、法国、德国、加纳、印度、爱尔兰、马耳他、新西兰、荷兰、土耳其、英国和美国的与会者;一些文章由国际组织提供——联合国教科文组织世界记忆委员会提供了一个关于在战争时期保护流散遗产的会议。虽然英联邦被视为学术辩论的一个鼓舞人心的例子,但对侨民、他们的遗产以及数字技术在捕捉分散的混合记录方面的作用等问题的更广泛兴趣,吸引了研究其他社区的学者的参与。关于侨民、身份和记忆的学术辩论本身就是跨学科的。在本期特刊中发表的文章集说明了这种多样性以及进一步发展共同跨学科方法的必要性。本期特刊中讨论的一些主题以一种微妙的方式继续与NRIN上一卷《塑造我们的遗产:保存社会和文化记录》中讨论的一些主题联系在一起,因为它们提供了来自文献记录和创建可靠数字记录实践仍未发展的国家的额外观点。此外,它们还捕捉到了伴随大规模移民和跨代移民而来的复杂社会现象。因此,Selenay Aytac(美国长岛大学)的文章“Karamanlidika数字图书馆提案:重建特定侨民的过去”探讨了数字资源的整合和社交媒体的使用,以汇集基督徒karamanliides的记忆
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引用次数: 0
Karamanlidika Digital Library Proposal: Reconstructing the Past of a Specific Diaspora Karamanlidika数字图书馆提案:重建特定侨民的过去
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2016.1234827
S. Aytac
ABSTRACT The World Wide Web provides unlimited visibility for the personal documents and cultural artifacts that remain in the hands of families of people belonging to different diasporas. Computer mediated platforms are often the building blocks of their transcendental homelands. This article presents a study aiming to build a model and community around Karamanlides by using digital library technologies. Karamanlides is one of the many interesting communities in need of the creation of a “niche personal/community knowledge environment” as an archetype for similar conceptualizations.
万维网提供了无限的个人文件和文物的可见性,这些文件和文物仍然在属于不同散居者的家庭手中。以计算机为媒介的平台往往是他们超然家园的基石。本文提出了一项研究,旨在利用数字图书馆技术建立一个围绕卡拉曼里德斯的模型和社区。Karamanlides是众多需要创建“利基个人/社区知识环境”的有趣社区之一,作为类似概念的原型。
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引用次数: 1
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New Review of Information Networking
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