Pub Date : 2015-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1729
A. Świadek, Magdalena Wojciech
In developing countries, the main mechanism for acquisition of new technologies, is the purchase of ready-made solutions in the form of investments in machines and technical devices, computer software or investment in new buildings connected with the initiation of the production of innovation products. This is a passive transfer of technologies, in which the company acquires the technology from external sources and does not lead own research and developmental works. The model of logistic regression presented in the article allowed the as sessment of the tendency of the sectors of companies for the purchase of innovation fi xed assets. Taking into account in the modelling the effect of interaction of the company’s size and the type of its property allowed to indicate the directions of implementation of the passive technological progress in the leading provinces in Poland. For the reason that the parameters of the logit model with interactions do not intuitively have the clear interpretation, the paper pays particular attention to the substantive conclusions from the presented analyses.
{"title":"Analysis of Tendencies of Companies from the Leading Regions of Poland to Invest in New Fixed Assets Using the Logit Model Taking into Account the Interactions of Categorical Variables","authors":"A. Świadek, Magdalena Wojciech","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1729","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries, the main mechanism for acquisition of new technologies, is the purchase of ready-made solutions in the form of investments in machines and technical devices, computer software or investment in new buildings connected with the initiation of the production of innovation products. This is a passive transfer of technologies, in which the company acquires the technology from external sources and does not lead own research and developmental works. The model of logistic regression presented in the article allowed the as sessment of the tendency of the sectors of companies for the purchase of innovation fi xed assets. Taking into account in the modelling the effect of interaction of the company’s size and the type of its property allowed to indicate the directions of implementation of the passive technological progress in the leading provinces in Poland. For the reason that the parameters of the logit model with interactions do not intuitively have the clear interpretation, the paper pays particular attention to the substantive conclusions from the presented analyses.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132347131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1692
Katarzyna Filipowicz, Rafał Wisła, T. Tokarski
In this article, the authors have been constructing a bipolar economic growth model, whose main assumptions are: investment fl ows depend on the ratio of capital productivity in two types of economies – conventionally called the rich and the poor, and the share of foreign investments in the economy of its total investment is described by logit function and depends on the ratio of capital productivity in both types of economies. The main purpose of this paper, is the empirical verifi cation of the bipolar economic growth model and its assumptions, by analyzing the impact of domestic and foreign investments on the long-term economic growth balance. The bipolar economic growth model is based on the Solow’s neoclassical growth model and its subsequent extensions. The bipolar economic growth model enters into a broad current investigation of the causes of polarization processes of economic development. Numerical simulations allows an estimate of the long-term relationship between the rich and poor economies, in regard to the capital-labour ratio, labor effi ciency and capital productivity. The simulations also allow the calculation of the time horizon over which the poor economy would equal the rich economy in terms of the level of macroeconomic variables analyzed.
{"title":"Capital Productivity and Foreign Investments in the Bipolar Economic Growth Model – Convergence Analysis","authors":"Katarzyna Filipowicz, Rafał Wisła, T. Tokarski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1692","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors have been constructing a bipolar economic growth model, whose main assumptions are: investment fl ows depend on the ratio of capital productivity in two types of economies – conventionally called the rich and the poor, and the share of foreign investments in the economy of its total investment is described by logit function and depends on the ratio of capital productivity in both types of economies. The main purpose of this paper, is the empirical verifi cation of the bipolar economic growth model and its assumptions, by analyzing the impact of domestic and foreign investments on the long-term economic growth balance. The bipolar economic growth model is based on the Solow’s neoclassical growth model and its subsequent extensions. The bipolar economic growth model enters into a broad current investigation of the causes of polarization processes of economic development. Numerical simulations allows an estimate of the long-term relationship between the rich and poor economies, in regard to the capital-labour ratio, labor effi ciency and capital productivity. The simulations also allow the calculation of the time horizon over which the poor economy would equal the rich economy in terms of the level of macroeconomic variables analyzed.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132831033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1695
Anna Sączewska-Piotrowska
The article analyses households’ poverty and nonpoverty duration. For this purpose survival function estimators for recurrent events were used: Wang-Chang estimator and two estimators proposed by Pena, Strawderman and Hollander (IIDPLE and FRMLE). We can conclude that survival probability for a long time out of poverty is greater than in the case of survival in poverty. Based on the graphical method we can conclude that the best estimator of survival in poverty and out of poverty is FRMLE. It means that we cannot assume that interoccurrence times within households are independent and identically distributed.
{"title":"Poverty Study Using Nonparametric Estimation of Recurrent Survival Function","authors":"Anna Sączewska-Piotrowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1695","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses households’ poverty and nonpoverty duration. For this purpose survival function estimators for recurrent events were used: Wang-Chang estimator and two estimators proposed by Pena, Strawderman and Hollander (IIDPLE and FRMLE). We can conclude that survival probability for a long time out of poverty is greater than in the case of survival in poverty. Based on the graphical method we can conclude that the best estimator of survival in poverty and out of poverty is FRMLE. It means that we cannot assume that interoccurrence times within households are independent and identically distributed.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127027047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1700
M. Salamaga
One of the study proposals of the intensity of the intra-industry trade was presented Glejser et al. (1982). It is competitive with many foreign trade indicators which do not take account of the country specialization in import and export and do not refl ect adequately the effects of trade imbalances. On based the variance of the export and import specialization indicators Glejser et al. (1982) created a tool that overcomes these shortcomings. The proposed method, however, was not equipped with an appropriate statistical and econometric tools, which greatly limits its practical usefulness. This article attempts to improve the method and test it on the example of foreign trade in Poland.
Glejser et al.(1982)提出了产业内贸易强度的研究建议之一。它与许多没有考虑到国家进出口专业化和没有充分反映贸易不平衡影响的外贸指标相竞争。Glejser et al.(1982)基于进出口专业化指标的差异创造了一个克服这些缺点的工具。然而，拟议的方法没有配备适当的统计和计量工具，这大大限制了其实际用途。本文试图对该方法进行改进，并以波兰对外贸易为例进行检验。
{"title":"The Research of the Foreign Trade Competitiveness in Dynamic Approach on the Example of Poland","authors":"M. Salamaga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1700","url":null,"abstract":"One of the study proposals of the intensity of the intra-industry trade was presented Glejser et al. (1982). It is competitive with many foreign trade indicators which do not take account of the country specialization in import and export and do not refl ect adequately the effects of trade imbalances. On based the variance of the export and import specialization indicators Glejser et al. (1982) created a tool that overcomes these shortcomings. The proposed method, however, was not equipped with an appropriate statistical and econometric tools, which greatly limits its practical usefulness. This article attempts to improve the method and test it on the example of foreign trade in Poland.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126593605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1705
A. Balcerzak, M. Pietrzak
The article concentrates on the problem of the effi ciency of the institutional system of the European Union countries in relation to the potential of the global knowledge-based economy (KBE) and its impact on quality of life. In order to defi ne the effi ciency of the institutional system, the authors refereed to the analytical structure of the new institutional economics, in particular, the transaction costs theory. On this basis, it is assumed that effective institutional factors are conducive to the reduction of transaction costs. To measure the effectiveness of the institutional system authors proposed a synthetic indicator, which has been constructed with application of the modifi ed TOPSIS method. As diagnostic variables the authors adopted the variables on four aspects characterizing the effi ciency of the institutional system in the context of the country’s ability to exploit the potential of KBE. The aspects were related to regulations aimed at promoting entrepreneurship, the issue of law institutions conducive to maintaining low level of transaction costs and improving the effi ciency of the market mechanism, the issue of economy competitiveness and effi ciency of labor markets and the quality of fi nancial market institutions. The data were obtained from the database of Fraser Institute that is created for the purpose of the annual Economic Freedom of the World report. For the measurement of quality of life the Human Development Index was used. The main aim of this article was an attempt to assess the relationship between the level of institutional effectiveness in the context of KBE and quality of life for residents of the European Union countries in 2004–2010. In the econometric analysis the dynamic panel model was used for the 24 countries of the European Union, which has led to the identifi cation of the positive impact of the effi ciency of the institutions on the quality of life.
{"title":"The Impact of the Efficiency of the Institutions on the Quality of Life in the European Union. Panel Data Evidence for the Years 2004–2010","authors":"A. Balcerzak, M. Pietrzak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1705","url":null,"abstract":"The article concentrates on the problem of the effi ciency of the institutional system of the European Union countries in relation to the potential of the global knowledge-based economy (KBE) and its impact on quality of life. In order to defi ne the effi ciency of the institutional system, the authors refereed to the analytical structure of the new institutional economics, in particular, the transaction costs theory. On this basis, it is assumed that effective institutional factors are conducive to the reduction of transaction costs. To measure the effectiveness of the institutional system authors proposed a synthetic indicator, which has been constructed with application of the modifi ed TOPSIS method. As diagnostic variables the authors adopted the variables on four aspects characterizing the effi ciency of the institutional system in the context of the country’s ability to exploit the potential of KBE. The aspects were related to regulations aimed at promoting entrepreneurship, the issue of law institutions conducive to maintaining low level of transaction costs and improving the effi ciency of the market mechanism, the issue of economy competitiveness and effi ciency of labor markets and the quality of fi nancial market institutions. The data were obtained from the database of Fraser Institute that is created for the purpose of the annual Economic Freedom of the World report. For the measurement of quality of life the Human Development Index was used. The main aim of this article was an attempt to assess the relationship between the level of institutional effectiveness in the context of KBE and quality of life for residents of the European Union countries in 2004–2010. In the econometric analysis the dynamic panel model was used for the 24 countries of the European Union, which has led to the identifi cation of the positive impact of the effi ciency of the institutions on the quality of life.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121405813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1706
K. Nermend
The paper presents the theoretical foundations of Preference Vector Method (PVM). It is the development of methods used by the Polish school and can be used in the decision making process. The ranking of objects according to a decision-maker preferences is performed on the basis of a combination of two methods for construction aggregate measures: Hellwig method, in which the Euclidean distance is used and the vector measures construction method (VMCM), which uses a vector projection.
{"title":"Multi-Criteria Preference Vector Method (PVM) as a Tool Supporting the Decision Making Process","authors":"K. Nermend","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1706","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the theoretical foundations of Preference Vector Method (PVM). It is the development of methods used by the Polish school and can be used in the decision making process. The ranking of objects according to a decision-maker preferences is performed on the basis of a combination of two methods for construction aggregate measures: Hellwig method, in which the Euclidean distance is used and the vector measures construction method (VMCM), which uses a vector projection.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124937880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1740
Mark Walesiak
The purpose of normalization is to adjust the size (magnitude) and the relative weighting of the input variables. The article presents an overview of the normalization formulas and their properties. Moreover a new formulas of normalization of the values of variables are proposed. The article discusses connection among normalization formulas and indicates incorrect normalization formulas.
{"title":"Data Normalization in Multivariate Data Analysis. An Overview and Properties","authors":"Mark Walesiak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1740","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of normalization is to adjust the size (magnitude) and the relative weighting of the input variables. The article presents an overview of the normalization formulas and their properties. Moreover a new formulas of normalization of the values of variables are proposed. The article discusses connection among normalization formulas and indicates incorrect normalization formulas.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2364
A. Balcerzak, M. Pietrzak, E. Rogalska
Last global financial crisis has led to massive fiscal stimulation actions in most of developed countries which resulted in significant increase of their public debt. This can be also said about Eurozone or wider EU economies. This factors in near future will force many EU countries to adopt much stricter middle and long term fiscal policy that will be necessary for deleveraging process. In this context the aim of the research is to check whether can one find non-Keynesian effects of fiscal consolidations in Eurozone countries in last decade. If the answer is positive, then could these non-Keynesian effects be significant developing factor in case of Eurozone countries. The third scientific question concentrates on the ways the fiscal consolidations were implemented and the potential influence of consolidations strategies on short term growth. In the research the econometric dynamic panel model based on the concept of conditional -convergence was applied. As a complementary method qualitative analysis of cases of significant contractions was made with the concentration on the differences between expansionary thus non-Keynesian cases and conventional Keynesian cases of fiscal contractions. The research results give some arguments for existence of fiscal transitions channels leading to non-Keynesian effects of fi scal policy, which in the same time can be a factor of -conditional convergence.
{"title":"Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy in Euro Zone Countries with Special Consideration of Influence on Economic Convergence","authors":"A. Balcerzak, M. Pietrzak, E. Rogalska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2364","url":null,"abstract":"Last global financial crisis has led to massive fiscal stimulation actions in most of developed countries which resulted in significant increase of their public debt. This can be also said about Eurozone or wider EU economies. This factors in near future will force many EU countries to adopt much stricter middle and long term fiscal policy that will be necessary for deleveraging process. In this context the aim of the research is to check whether can one find non-Keynesian effects of fiscal consolidations in Eurozone countries in last decade. If the answer is positive, then could these non-Keynesian effects be significant developing factor in case of Eurozone countries. The third scientific question concentrates on the ways the fiscal consolidations were implemented and the potential influence of consolidations strategies on short term growth. In the research the econometric dynamic panel model based on the concept of conditional -convergence was applied. As a complementary method qualitative analysis of cases of significant contractions was made with the concentration on the differences between expansionary thus non-Keynesian cases and conventional Keynesian cases of fiscal contractions. The research results give some arguments for existence of fiscal transitions channels leading to non-Keynesian effects of fi scal policy, which in the same time can be a factor of -conditional convergence.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1739
W. Orzeszko
The BDS test is one of the most important and most commonly used tools for detection of nonlinearity in time series. In the paper, the size of the BDS test is assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation uses pseudo-random series of different length, generated from seven distributions with different properties. In the research, the approximation of the fi nite sample distribution of the BDS statistic was performed using three methods: the classical one – based on the asymptotic normal distribution and two resampling methods: the bootstrap and the permutation technique.
{"title":"Simulation Analysis of the Size of the BDS Test","authors":"W. Orzeszko","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1739","url":null,"abstract":"The BDS test is one of the most important and most commonly used tools for detection of nonlinearity in time series. In the paper, the size of the BDS test is assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation uses pseudo-random series of different length, generated from seven distributions with different properties. In the research, the approximation of the fi nite sample distribution of the BDS statistic was performed using three methods: the classical one – based on the asymptotic normal distribution and two resampling methods: the bootstrap and the permutation technique.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"124 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2363
M. Salamaga
The paper presents the dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland and the values of revealed comparative advantage indexes of goods with different share of the production factors. For this purpose, the vector error correction model (VECM) was used. To investigate the feedback between the variables there are analyzed the results of the impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition.The results provide a benchmark for the verification of the theory of dynamic comparative advantages (Ozawa, 1992), which is an important cell in a long-term relationship between FDI and competitiveness of the economy. One of the main conclusions of the article is to determine the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms typical for the different phases of economic development in the Ozawa model. For the calculations were used data from the Central Statistical Office covering the period from the first quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2012.
{"title":"The Study of Dynamic Relationships between Flow of Foreign Direct Investment and the Pattern of Comparative Advantage in the Polish Economy","authors":"M. Salamaga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2363","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland and the values of revealed comparative advantage indexes of goods with different share of the production factors. For this purpose, the vector error correction model (VECM) was used. To investigate the feedback between the variables there are analyzed the results of the impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition.The results provide a benchmark for the verification of the theory of dynamic comparative advantages (Ozawa, 1992), which is an important cell in a long-term relationship between FDI and competitiveness of the economy. One of the main conclusions of the article is to determine the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms typical for the different phases of economic development in the Ozawa model. For the calculations were used data from the Central Statistical Office covering the period from the first quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2012.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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