Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

According to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation №291-r from February 9, 2023 one of the priority tasks of the Blood Service today is to increase plasma collection for the production of medicinal products, with a target of collecting at least 780 tons of plasma in 2025. Given the strategic importance of meeting the goals set for the Blood Service, there is a need to explore and develop new donor streams. In 2024, Russia has set a record with 355,000 foreign students. In this context, the involvement of foreign nationals permanently residing in the Russian Federation in the donor movement is of great scientific and practical interest. This study presents the experience of collaboration between the All-Russian Non-profit Organization «Russian Red Cross» and the Federal Plasma Center «Rosplasma» in engaging foreign students in plasma donation in a major economically developed region - the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of a voluntary anonymous sociological survey of 205 foreign nationals regarding their attitudes toward donation in Russia are presented. The methodology of interaction with foreign nationals is described, the organizational features of donor events are outlined, difficulties and prospects are analyzed, and practical recommendations are provided. The study concludes that the involvement of foreign citizens in the donor movement is currently underdeveloped but holds significant potential for expansion nationwide, which could be utilized to meet the strategic objectives of the Blood Service.

Motion sickness syndrome, or kinetosis, is a pathological reaction of the body to unusual movement. The most wellknown type of this condition is seasickness. During pitching and when changing body position, a person experiences irritation of the vestibular organ, visual analyzer and receptors of internal organs, which affects the proper performance of their production functions. Given the specifics of the work of seafarers, many shipowners are concerned about this problematic aspect. In this article, the author reveals the etymology of the concepts of «kinetosis», «motion sickness syndrome» and «occupational seasickness», identifies the main forms of their manifestation, establishes key requirements for the selection of seafarers when signing a contract, and presents recommended measures to prevent the development of kinetosis in students of maritime educational institutions.

The Russian Federation is a social state, and as a social state, the country must support the social well-being of the population. To do this, it is necessary to ensure that basic public goods are accessible to the population, and affordable and high-quality medicine is one of the key ones. The legal regulation of medical activity in our country began in the XVI century with the formation of the Pharmacy Order and has since undergone various changes. Since the Peter the Great era, normative legal acts have been issued establishing the responsibility of medical workers. In 1857, a Single medical Charter was adopted, which was in force until 1917. In the USSR, medicine was exclusively state-owned, which was enshrined in the Constitutions of 1936 and 1977 and in other legislative acts. Currently, Russia has a multi-level system of legislative regulation of medical activities that describes all aspects of the Russian healthcare system. The article examines the key problems of healthcare organization in the Russian Federation, as well as the prospects for their legal resolution due to the emergence of innovative technologies (biomedicine, genomic medicine, digital medicine). The article considers the change of approaches in the budgeting of the health organization, the emergence of legal obligations in the field of public health protection.

The impact of alimentary dependent diseases (ADD) on the duration and quality of life is significant, which led to the aim of the study - to study the dynamics of the prevalence of ADD among the adult population of Siberia. Data on the prevalence of ADD, socio economic development are obtained on the official website of Rosstat. The main trends were evaluated using long term average and statistical indicators, regression analysis was used for forecasting, the search for relationships using correlation analysis. The results indicate an increase in the prevalence of ADD in 6 regions, including by class of diseases: circulatory system 1.1 1.2 times in the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions, the republics of Altai, Buryatia, Tyva and the endocrine system, eating disorders in Kemerovo, Novosibirsk regions, the republics of Buryatia and Khakassia; blood, hematopoietic organs 1.3 times in the Novosibirsk region; digestive organs 1.2 times in the Altai Republic (p lt; 0.05). These regions are predicted to increase in prevalence with very high (R2 gt; 0.9) and high probability (R2 gt; 0.7). The study demonstrated an increasing burden of ADD, varying to a greater extent depending on the level of socio economic development and disorders of optimal nutrition.

The problem of Internet addiction, which has become especially evident in recent years, is one of the most pressing issues in the sociology of youth. Internet addiction has a great impact on activities and behavior, determining the processes of youth socialization, leading to changes in personal and public life. The article presents an analysis of the results of a sociological study conducted by a survey (questionnaire) of Moscow students (18-35 years old) in order to identify factors influencing the formation of Internet addiction in young people of different generations and identify patterns. The results of both our own research and the analysis of secondary data obtained by domestic and foreign scientists made it possible to establish a negative correlation between age and the degree of Internet addiction (the older the person, the lower the degree of addiction to Internet technologies), the influence of personal and environmental factors that can aggravate/restrain the development of addictive behavior on the Internet. Based on the study, a conclusion was made about the need to conduct further scientific research, develop methodological recommendations for all subjects of Internet addiction prevention and their active use when working with young people in the system of general, vocational and additional education.

The conducted research aims to explore psychological and social barriers impeding the successful integration of individuals with disabilities into the Russian labor market. It uncovers actual problems faced by disabled people in finding employment, highlighting the necessity of developing efficient management decisions to ensure their full participation in the workforce and offering recommendations for removing existing constraints and enhancing the quality of their employment. The main challenges associated with employing people with disabilities include employers reluctance to accept them as full members of a team, low social activity among those with disabilities themselves, negative societal attitudes, and stereotypical beliefs creating barriers to effective inclusion within the workforce. Despite government efforts to promote employment opportunities through subsidies for employers, tax incentives, and special programs, this issue remains relevant and requires a comprehensive approach encompassing improvements in legal frameworks, development of specialized infrastructure, and public awareness campaigns. Emphasis is placed on individual factors contributing to employability such as overcoming internal psychological barriers and recognizing ones professional value. Specific recommendations are outlined to increase the employment rate of individuals with disabilities and ensure equal opportunities in the Russian labor market.

In the context of growing inequality between countries, regions, large agglomerations and small towns, the problem of nutrition and health of migrants is of particular importance. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that modern migration is an important social process that affects the demographic distribution, social and economic development of countries and regions hosting migrants. In the article, based on a comparative analysis, guaranteed provision of necessary food products has been established, and the availability of products should be not only physical, but also economic, that is, migrants should have an independent financial opportunity to purchase them in sufficient quantity and proper quality, and not only to maintain vital functions, but also to maintain a habitual diet and lifestyle. which they had earlier in their country of origin (taking into account the preferences of a particular food, the peculiarities of national cuisine, traditions and food culture). The authors of the article have developed a conceptual model reflecting the relationship between factors affecting the diet and nutritional status of migrants after resettlement, and have proposed effective measures aimed at retaining migrants in less developed countries (regions) that can contribute to economic development and improve the quality of life of migrants. The practical significance of the study of the current state of nutrition of migrants lies in its ability to provide practical recommendations for government agencies of the Russian Federation in the field of forming an effective migration policy in the context of food security and developing effective strategies for retaining migrants.

The paper provides information on the development of a set of organizational measures. Activities involving the use of diagnostic and digital technologies. The events are aimed at early detection of colorectal cancer in the Samara region. The working group has developed an algorithm for colorectal cancer screening as part of a medical examination for the population aged 40 to 75 years. The algorithm determines the main tasks, the stage of screening, and the effectiveness criteria. The list of medical organizations that participated in the project has been determined. Work has been carried out on building tasks in the information system. Reporting forms have been developed for all project participants with a clear algorithm for filling them out, a single formation and direction of deadlines, and for all interested parties. The package of measures was issued in the form of orders from the Ministry of Health of the Samara region in 2023-2025. The complex of measures proved its effectiveness by increasing the number of newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer by 23%, as well as by reducing the proportion of patients with stage 3-4 colorectal cancer.