International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Introduction: Video modeling is one of the most recommended techniques for modifying children's behavior during dental procedures.

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the three different modeling videos on dental anxiety of 3-6-year-old children requiring treatment under local anesthesia (LA).

Settings and design: A parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry after obtaining clearance from the ethical committee.

Methodology: Fifty-six children requiring treatment under LA, within the age-group of 3-6 years, were randomly assigned to the control group and one of the three video modeling intervention groups: Oral hygiene instruction video (group A), Modeling video showing restorative procedure without LA (group B), Modeling video showing restorative procedure preceded by LA (group C), and the control group without video modeling (group D). The anxiety of the child was determined using Venham's Index at five different intervals for modeling groups and at three different intervals for the control group throughout the procedure.

Statistical analysis: Four groups were compared for anxiety score by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by pairwise comparison done by Tukey's post hoc test. Intergroup comparison of intervals for anxiety score was done by repeated measures ANOVA, followed by pairwise comparison by Bonferroni's post hoc test.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) found among the three modeling groups for mean anxiety score at different intervals. Intergroup comparison for mean anxiety score at different intervals among the four groups showed that the highest anxiety was seen in participants from group D, followed by group A, group B, and the lowest in group C.

Conclusion: Among the three modeling videos, group C modeling video was less anxiety-provoking than group B, followed by group A. The video modeling technique appeared to be effective in reducing dental anxiety in children.

How to cite this article: Biradar NV, Patil SK, Pustake BJ, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Modeling Videos on Dental Anxiety of 3-6-year-old Children Requiring Treatment under Local Anesthesia: A Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1357-1362.

Background/aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a prevalent dental disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been suggested as a predisposing factor. This study aims to estimate and correlate HLA-DR and HLA-DQ activity in the saliva of caries-active and caries-free children, potentially aiding disease diagnosis and prevention.

Materials and methods: A comparative study was performed on 50 children, divided into two groups: caries-active and caries-free, consisting of 25 children each, aged 3-6 years. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for analysis. HLA-DR and HLA-DQ levels will be estimated and correlated with caries score, age, and gender.

Results: HLA-DR level was 33.032 ± 2.869 pg/mL in the caries-active group and 5.288 ± 0.960 pg/mL in the caries-free group, and was statistically significant at p < 0.001. HLA-DQ isotype level was 5.603 ± 1.264 ng/L in the caries-active group and 4.596 ± 0.748 ng/L in the caries-free group, and was statistically significant at p < 0.001. HLA-DR level showed a statistically significant positive moderate correlation with caries score (p < 0.001), whereas HLA-DQ levels demonstrated a positive very weak correlation with caries score and were not statistically significant. HLA-DQ was statistically significant at p < 0.001 when compared between genders in the caries-active group.

Conclusion: Results suggest a substantial correlation between HLA-DR level and the severity of dental caries, and an increase in HLA-DR may be linked to an increase in caries severity. Thus, HLA-DR detection as a molecular biomarker for early diagnosis of ECC may be recommended.

How to cite this article: Thimmegowda U, Dhamnekar P. Estimation and Correlation of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DQ in Children with and without Severe-early Childhood Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1346-1351.

Aims and background: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of digital intraoral scans in capturing the three-dimensional (3D) surface of teeth and dental arches in mixed dentition, compared with conventional plaster models. Intraoral scanning technology has seen rapid advancements in recent years, revolutionizing orthodontic and dental practices. However, its accuracy in mixed dentition remains a subject of investigation.

Materials and methods: Children with mixed dentition (n = 34) were selected according to specific criteria. Digital intraoral scanning was performed using the Medit i500, and conventional plaster models were created following alginate impression techniques. The arch widths on the 3D digital models were measured using Medit Link software, while the conventional models were measured using calipers. Both sets of data were then analyzed using Moyer's analysis.

Results: The results of the study showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the mean space analysis measurements obtained conventionally and digitally in the mixed dentition phase using Moyer's analysis method.

Conclusion: Despite minor discrepancies compared to conventional plaster models, digital intraoral scans offer a clinically acceptable level of accuracy for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The benefits of digital scanning, including improved patient experience and enhanced digital workflows, make it a promising tool for modern dental and orthodontic practices.

Clinical significance: There is no significant difference between space analysis measurements in the mixed dentition phase using Moyer's analysis on conventional and 3D digital models.

How to cite this article: Nelwan SC, SD Karuniadewi AA, Nowwarote N, et al. Accuracy of Digital Intraoral Scans Three-dimensional Surface Analysis Compared with Plaster Models Dental Measurement in Mixed Dentition. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1363-1369.

Background: Pain management in pediatric patients during dental procedures is very important. Here, the traditional method of behavior management is compared with novel methods.

Aim: To compare and determine the effectiveness of an external cooling and vibrating device vs counterstimulation with the conventional technique in reducing the fear and discomfort of pediatric dental patients aged 5-7 years during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB).

Materials and methods: The study population consisted of children aged 5-7 years, rated as positive (+) or negative (-) on the Frankl behavior rating scale, who reported to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry and required dental procedures in posterior teeth that warranted the use of IANB.Anxiety measurement was conducted by both objective and subjective means. The subjective measures included Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS), as chosen by the patient, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Scale (FLACC), as recorded by the observer, while the objective measure was pulse rate, recorded by a pulse oximeter.Group A: External cooling and vibrating device (Buzzy).Group B: Counterstimulation group.Group C: Control group.

Results: The WBFPRS score and FLACC score reduced following the intervention in the counterstimulation group, indicating a reduction in pain perception and anxiety compared to the application of Buzzy and the conventional technique.

Conclusion: Counterstimulation was the most effective in reducing pain perception and anxiety during the administration of IANB.

Clinical significance: The injection of local anesthetic remains one of the painful and fear-inducing procedures in pediatric dentistry. This study provides evidence that counterstimulation is effective in reducing pain perception and anxiety during the administration of IANB.

How to cite this article: Ponnan V, Santhakumar M, Thekke Veetil AK. Effectiveness of an External Cooling and Vibrating Device vs Counterstimulation in Reducing Discomfort of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1335-1339.

Introduction: In children, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a commonly used material for fabrication of dental prostheses, such as obturators, removable space maintainers, habit-breaking appliances, removable orthodontic appliances, and removable partial and complete dentures. Regular cleaning of such prostheses is vital for maintaining the health of the oral tissues as well as the longevity of the prosthesis. The chemical method of disinfection, using different chemical cleansers, is commonly used for cleaning a dental prosthesis. Some of these disinfecting agents have been reported to alter the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of two commonly used disinfecting agents on the surface roughness and surface hardness of two PMMA-based materials processed using different curing cycles.

Materials and methods: PMMA samples were made using short and long curing cycles. The surface roughness and hardness of the samples before and after immersion in the two disinfecting agents were recorded. A profilometer was used to measure surface roughness, whereas hardness was measured using the Vickers hardness tester.

Results: Both disinfecting agents increased the surface roughness and decreased the hardness of the PMMA samples. The effect was more profound in samples made using the short curing cycle.

Conclusion: It is important to select the appropriate disinfecting agents and follow the manufacturers' instructions to ensure that the other properties of the prosthesis are not affected.

How to cite this article: Kumar S, Saran R. Preserving Integrity: Investigating the Influence of Disinfecting Agents on Polymethylmethacrylate Dental Prosthesis Surface Characteristics in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1404-1408.

Aims and background: The field of mobile healthcare (mHealth) has attracted attention, and the quality of mHealth applications is also being addressed. Therefore, usability evaluation should be conducted to verify the quality of mHealth applications. The aim of this study was to conduct an expert evaluation to verify the systematic aspects and usability of a mobile application ("CAMBRA-students") developed to evaluate caries risk in children and adolescents and to provide systematic caries management.

Materials and methods: The expert reviewers consisted of five professionals, including two dental hygienists, one professor of dental hygiene, and two IT specialists. These experts evaluated the technical issues of the mobile application using the heuristic evaluation and the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Frequency analysis was used to determine the heuristic score and MARS.

Results: As a result of the heuristic evaluation, a total of 45 comments were received, of which 23 problems were extracted. The usability evaluation for professionals resulted in an overall score of 3.64. In the subscales (engagement, functionality, esthetics, information, and application subjective quality) of the MARS, the domain "application subjective quality" received the lowest score of 2.95 and the domain "information" received the highest score of 4.18. Through expert evaluation, the "CAMBRA-students" application was improved, and the usability was modified by correcting systemic and usability issues.

Conclusion: The "CAMBRA-students" application is expected to be used in public oral health services for students. It will contribute to improving the oral health status of adolescents using the caries risk management system.

Clinical significance: The "CAMBRA-students" application effectively manages caries risk in adolescents and has enhanced usability and systematic quality through expert evaluation, enabling personalized oral health management. It can significantly improve adolescent oral health and be integrated into school-based programs.

How to cite this article: Kang Y, Yeo A, Lee S. Expert Usability Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Systematic Caries Management in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1370-1376.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of tooth-related, soft tissue, and intraosseous pathologies in the pediatric population (0-17 years) in a South Indian dental teaching institution and to compare the results with previous literature.

Materials and methods: Clinical data from the pedodontics department and histopathological records from the oral pathology department were analyzed from the year 2010 to 2022 and grouped into two major categories: group I, abnormalities of teeth, and group II, intraosseous and mucosal/soft tissue lesions. The data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and descriptive analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26.

Results: In total, 3,398 children under 17 years of age were included. Overall, tooth-associated anomalies were far more common than intraosseous and mucosal lesions. Males were more commonly affected than females. Regarding the laterality of the lesions, the right side was more commonly affected, with the mandible being the most common site. Among tooth-associated anomalies, enamel hypoplasia was the most common. In group II, mucocele, followed by dentigerous cyst, were the most frequently occurring pathologies, with pediatric malignancies being the least common lesions.

Conclusion: The pediatric population deserves more attention and care in treatment planning and execution. The presentation of retrospective data from multiple centers across different ethnic groups and geographic areas is warranted for updates.

How to cite this article: Begum F, Pandiar D, Mathew MG, et al. Incidence of Tooth-related Soft Tissue and Intraosseous Pathologies in Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Analysis of 3,398 Cases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1423-1430.

Aims and background: The study of the morphology of soft tissues as well as hard tissues of the orofacial region holds prime importance. A very less information is known about the lips (soft tissues) and maxillo-mandibular arches (hard tissue structures) in primary dentition. Henceforth, there is a need to classify, find the prevalence and correlation of various lip shapes, and arch forms in primary dentition.

Materials and methods: A total of 135 children aged 3-6 years were assessed over a period of 6 months. Lip shapes were classified into three major types: type I (arched upper lip), type II (flat upper lip), and type III (atypical cases). The arch forms were classified into ovoid, square-shaped, and tapered. The data was analyzed using Chi-squared test.

Results: The prevalence of lip shapes includes: type Ib (43.70%), type IIb (34.07%), type IIa (14.07%), type Ia (7.41%), and type III (0.74%). Arch form prevalence for maxilla, ovoid (79.26%), tapered (16.30%), and square (4.44%) shaped arch form while for mandible, ovoid (57.04%), square (36.30%), and tapered (6.67%) arch form.

Conclusion: The most prevalent lip shapes were type Ib followed by type IIb and the most common arch form was ovoid followed by tapered for maxilla and square for mandible. There was no significant correlation found between lip shapes and arch forms in primary dentition.

Clinical significance: The knowledge of lip shapes in primary dentition would aid in rehabilitation of the abnormalities like cleft lip, electrical burns, etc., while the information on arch forms will support the fabrication of prefabricated appliances, correction of alveolar defects, etc.

How to cite this article: Anadeo P, Saxena A, Chauhan SP, et al. Prevalence and Correlation of Lip Shapes and Arch Forms in Primary Dentition of Children between 3-6 Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1418-1422.

Aims and background: Fostering a positive dental attitude in children to enhance their oral health status and engaging them positively throughout their dental experience is the cornerstone of pediatric dentistry practices. The behavior of the child in a dental setting depends upon their emotional, psychological, and mental developmental state. Children with special health needs tend to have more anxiety than healthy children. A low level of social intelligence (SI), fewer adaptive skills, and poor social development take a longer time to accept dental treatment. Thus, social development can impact a child's behavior during dental treatment. This study aimed to correlate the chairside cooperative ability with the social quotient of mentally challenged children.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 166 children with mental retardation between the ages of 6 and 12 who also had comorbid conditions like autism, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome. The study was conducted in an institution for special children. Information regarding demographic details was noted. Social quotient was assessed using the modified Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) scale, and chairside cooperative ability was assessed using the Frankl behavior rating scale. All the data were tabulated and statistically analyzed.

Results: In this study, mildly retarded children exhibited 78.6% cooperative behavior, while only 29% of moderately, 5.2% of severely, and 0% of profoundly retarded children exhibited cooperative behavior. The Chi-squared test found a statistically significant association between social quotient and Frankl behavior rating (p = 0.000). Children with Down syndrome were mildly retarded and exhibited cooperative behavior compared to children with cerebral palsy and autism.

Conclusion: It is concluded that children with a higher social quotient exhibited better cooperative behavior than children with a lower social quotient. Therefore, social development has a considerable impact on a child's behavior during dental treatment.

Clinical significance: Social development has a considerable impact on a child's behavior during dental treatment.

How to cite this article: AR SE, Srinivasan D, Mohan LP, et al. Comparison of Chairside Cooperative Ability with Social Quotient of Mentally Challenged Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1321-1329.

Background: This systematic analysis of case reports aimed to compile available knowledge and identify trends in disorder onset, symptoms, treatment, and possible interventions across individual cases associated with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) oral self-injury.

Materials and methods: "Lesch-Nyhan syndrome" and "oral self-mutilation" were entered as keywords in four search engines. All cases reporting the patients' demographics and documented episodes of self-mutilation, with details on treatment and management, were included. Descriptive statistics and a narrative approach were used to present findings.

Results: Nineteen case reports comprising 26 patients were included. The patients were reported to develop oral self-mutilation at an average age of 4 ± 3.42 years. The medical history of 69.23% of patients suggests developmental delays. In 53.84% of patients, individuals exhibited ulceration or lacerations across the tongue, lower lip, thumbs, cheeks, index finger, dorsum of hands, and extensor surface of the forearm. Multiple teeth extractions, mouth splints and guards, allopurinol, and botulinum toxin-A were reported as common treatment modalities.

Conclusion: A multidimensional strategy and improved genetic elucidation can potentially identify disease genes for the nonelucidated pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of LNS.

Clinical significance: Given the challenges faced by clinicians in syndromic patients, the paper tabulates pharmacological and nonpharmacological management with their reported success. These suggestions can potentially guide pediatricians and dentists to formulate a treatment plan for LNS cases.

How to cite this article: Negi S, Tripathy S, Merchant Y, et al. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome and Oral Self-injury: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1431-1438.