International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Background: Age assessment is useful in various fields of dentistry due to its ability to influence the planning of dental treatments. Dental age estimation methods are specifically based on age-related variables observed in two-dimensional (2D) radiographs in the dentition in terms of the time of emergence and are considered reliable in determining the chronological age; however, the inevitable problems of orientation errors found in 2D can be eliminated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Objective: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of different radiological dental age estimation methods using CBCT in relation to the chronological age of children.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 CBCT images of patients in the age-group of 8-15 years requiring orthodontic treatment were obtained from December 2019 to August 2022. The exact chronological age was determined through valid proof, that is, aadhar card or birth certificate. The dental age of the children was assessed using all four methods-Nolla's method (NM), Demirjian method (DM), Schour and Massler (S&M), and Cameriere method (CM).

Results: The results found that NM underestimated the mean age by 0.24 years, while DM overestimated the mean age by 0.82 years. Both showed statistically significant differences based on the standard deviation (SD) (p < 0.05). S&M and CM also overestimated the mean age by 1.16 years and 2.75 years respectively, but with statistically nonsignificant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Among the four tested radiographic methods, the best accuracy was found with NM, which tended to underestimate but was closest to the chronological age. CBCT provided better age estimation values without image distortion.

How to cite this article: Tyagi A, Srivastava N, Rana V, et al. Accuracy of Different Dental Age Estimation Methods Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):558-564.

Background and objective: Deciduous teeth portray less pain sensitivity in comparison to permanent teeth. Conventional vitality tests depend on the stimulation of nerve fibers. Loss of sensory function due to trauma can result in negative responses. Unpleasant painful stimuli may lead to apprehensiveness and require behavior management in children. This study is a genuine attempt to compare pulp oxygen saturation levels of deciduous posterior teeth clinically or radiographically diagnosed as reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IRP), and pulpal necrosis (PN) with healthy teeth using a pulse oximeter with probes in preoperative and postoperative conditions.

Methods: A total of 120 deciduous posterior teeth from participants aged 4-9 years were evaluated using random stratified sampling, divided into four groups with 30 teeth each based on clinical and radiological interpretation-group I: noncarious (NC) (control group); group II: RP; group III: IRP; group IV: PN. Teeth from children meeting the inclusion criteria were recorded and examined. The data obtained were sent for statistical analysis.

Results: A significant difference in pulp oxygenation rates was observed between teeth with pulpal pathologies and healthy teeth in both preoperative and postoperative conditions.

Interpretation and conclusion: Pulpal diseases cause a reduction in oxygen saturation of the pulp vasculature, thereby affecting the vitality of the tooth. The pulse oximeter used in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) was suitable for determining SpO₂% in children.

Clinical significance: Pedodontists face challenges in making diagnoses because children may provide false-positive or false-negative responses to stimuli or questions. Pulse oximetry is a boon as it is highly efficient, can be used chairside, is completely atraumatic, and eco-friendly.

How to cite this article: Betal SK, Singh S, Dasgupta B. Analysis of the Pulp Oxygenation Rate by Pulse Oximeter in Children with Pulpal Diseases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):576-579.

Direct pulp capping (DPC) includes covering the exposed pulp with a medication, dressing, or dental material to preserve its vitality. The idea behind this method of therapy is to induce the pulp to start a dentin bridge, "walling" the exposed site in the process. The most effective dental material to heal exposed pulp is calcium hydroxide. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) causes the formation by causing cytologic and functional alterations in pulpal cells. Rosuvastatin shows pleiotropic effects like increased odontoblastic differentiation, increased mineralization, proliferation of odontoblasts, and induction of angiogenesis. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate pulp-dentin complex reactions following DPC with rosuvastatin vs MTA as pulp-capping materials in permanent human molars.

How to cite this article: Patra A, Gupta S, Das A, et al. Radiographic Evaluation of Reparative Dentin Formation after Direct Pulp Capping Using Rosuvastatin vs Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Young Mature Permanent Molar-90 Days of Follow-up: A Split-mouth Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):605-611.

Aims and background: The efficacy of self-assembling peptide P11-4 in combination with calcium-phosphate-based remineralization agents in remineralizing caries-like lesions in primary enamel was evaluated using a 21-day pH cycling experiment by Vickers microhardness [Vickers hardness number (VHN)] and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials and methods: A total of 120 primary enamel samples were made to undergo a demineralization cycle to produce caries-like lesions. They were divided into six groups, namely negative control (NC), positive control (P11-4), and four interventional groups in which each of the following calcium-phosphate-based agents were used in combination with P11-4-calcium sucrose phosphate (CSP), bioactive glass (BG), casein phosphopeptides, and casein phosphopeptides with fluoride. A 21-day pH cycling experiment was carried out with alternating demineralization and remineralization phases. The enamel samples were analyzed at baseline, post production of caries-like lesions, and post 21-day pH cycling using Vickers microhardness and SEM. Results were statistically analyzed using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA), keeping the level of significance at 0.05.

Results: Supplementing P11-4 with calcium-phosphate-based agents improved the surface hardness of the demineralized primary enamel samples, among which the fluoridated milk protein-based remineralization agent yielded a statistically significant improvement.

Conclusion: P11-4 promoted the regeneration of incipient caries-like lesions. However, there is added benefit when this peptide is used in combination with a fluoridated calcium-phosphate-based agent.

Clinical significance: This study would help the clinician compose an effective regimen for the patient to follow at home posttreatment with P11-4, in-office treatment.

How to cite this article: Krishnamoorthi A, Shanbhog RS, Godhi BS, et al. Efficacy of Self-assembling Peptide P11-4 in Remineralizing In Vitro Caries-like Lesions in Primary Enamel Samples in Combination with Calcium Phosphate-based Remineralization Agents. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):552-557.

Background: Routine dental procedures frequently involve invasive treatment, multiple injections, and the use of sharp, high-speed cutting instruments, and treatment is often extended over several visits, which are said to be stress-provoking events. Salivary chromogranin A (CgA) is a biomarker that can help clinicians evaluate and quantify the stress experienced by a child during these procedures.

Aim: To quantify the changes in salivary CgA levels in children before, during, and after routine dental procedures for multiple appointments.

Materials and methods: Eight children, aged 6-8 years, visiting a clinic for the first time and requiring one class I restorative treatment and another treatment involving the use of local anesthesia were included in the study. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from them during three visits-outpatient department (OPD), before, during, and after restorative treatment at the second visit, and before, during, and after treatment using local anesthesia in the third visit. The salivary samples were centrifuged, stored, and analyzed for CgA.

Results: Salivary CgA levels showed a nonsignificant increase from 2.56 to 3.21 pmol/mg protein during the restorative treatment, followed by a nonsignificant reduction after cessation of the treatment. Whereas, salivary CgA levels before the use of local anesthesia were 1.88 pmol/mg protein, which showed a nonsignificant increase to 2.24 pmol/mg protein after its administration and progressed further to 3.27 pmol/mg protein even after the cessation of the treatment.

Conclusion: The use of an airotor can cause an increase in stress levels in children, and local anesthesia administration is a more stress-provoking stimulus than an airotor. Multiple visits allow desensitization, which reduces stress and anxiety. Also, salivary CgA can be used as a reliable stress indicator in children.

How to cite this article: Vora KM, Shah PP, Patil KV, et al. Quantification of Salivary Chromogranin A Levels during Routine Dental Procedures in Children: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):585-590.

Aim and background: Direct restorations require skill and time to be performed properly; thus, it is a daily challenge for the pediatric dentist. Adapting techniques proven in adults can provide quick and easy solutions for children. In this case report, we describe the use of the occlusal stamp technique.

Case description: An 8-year-old girl was diagnosed with dental caries in our dental practice. The treatment of her class I cavity was performed using a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and an occlusal stamp. The high viscosity of the RMGI and the ingenuity of the occlusal stamp allow for a lifelike occlusal anatomy.

Conclusion: By copying the preoperative shape onto the restorative material, we performed a restorative treatment quickly and effectively. Pediatric dentists can perform biomimetic restorations with natural occlusal morphology using the occlusal stamp technique in a short time.

Clinical significance: The occlusal stamp is a simple procedure to restore the occlusal anatomy. This technique reduces the working time. The qualitative and quantitative objectives are easily achieved, thanks to this tool.

How to cite this article: Harichane Y. Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Restoration on a Primary Molar Using an Occlusal Stamp: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):616-618.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical efficacy of GC Gold Label IX, GC Gold Label IX Extra, and GC Gold Label Hybrid in occlusal surface cavities in primary molars prepared by hand instrumentation technique.

Materials and methods: Ninety primary molars were selected from the children according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected teeth were randomly allocated into the following three groups, with 30 teeth in each group, according to the restorative material used: group I: GC Gold Label IX, group II: GC Gold Label IX Extra, and group III: GC Gold Label Hybrid. Occlusal cavities were prepared using hand instruments. Caries removal efficacy was verified using caries detector dye. The restorative materials were mixed and condensed into the prepared cavities. The restorations were assessed using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) evaluation criteria at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results: The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the Chi-squared test. No significant difference was found in terms of color match, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, surface roughness, and secondary caries, but a significant difference was observed in terms of retention and anatomic form between group I and group III.

Conclusion: GC Gold Label Hybrid exhibited better clinical performance with respect to GC Gold Label IX and comparable clinical performance with respect to GC Gold Label IX Extra.

Clinical significance: GC Gold Label Hybrid is a newly developed glass ionomer cement (GIC), and its clinical performance needs to be studied.

How to cite this article: Mittal M, Bajaj N, Bhola M, et al. Comparative Evaluation of GC Gold Label IX with GC Gold Label IX Extra and GC Gold Label Hybrid in Cavitated Lesions Prepared by Hand Instrumentation Technique in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):570-575.

Introduction: Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are the most durable and effective restorations for primary teeth. Titanium-coated SSCs are newer on the market, and this study was conducted to assess the amount of nickel (Ni) and titanium ions released from titanium-coated SSCs, with and without trim, in artificial saliva.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 titanium-coated SSCs were divided into two groups-group I (n = 30, without trim) and group II (n = 30, with trim) and were immersed in 5 mL artificial saliva. The amount of Ni and titanium released in each group was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on days 1, 7, and 21.

Results: The amount of Ni ion released in group I on day 1 was 0.0096 ppm and reduced on day 7 (0.0091 ppm) and day 21 (0.0088 ppm). Whereas the amount of Ni ion released in group II was the same for all 3 days (0.0096 ppm). The amount of titanium ion released in both groups was the same on all 3 days (0.00108 ppm).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference seen in the mean Ni and titanium ion release between the two groups on all 3 days. The cumulative release of metals from titanium-coated SSCs in each of the groups was significantly lower than the level required to produce any harmful effects. Any of the groups of commercially available SSCs can be used in pediatric dentistry.

How to cite this article: Biradar R, Siaddaiah SB, Bhat PK. Evaluation of Nickel and Titanium Releasing from Titanium-coated Stainless Steel Crowns Regarding Trimming: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):524-527.

Defects such as cleft palate often co-occur with velopharyngeal (VP) incompetence, leading to dysfunction and a characteristic nasal snort in patients. With the evolution of treatment concepts, treatment of cleft palate patients has been introduced where obturators have helped improve the speech of individuals with partial or total velar defects, that is, cleft of the soft palate. The soft palate separates the oral and nasal cavities. Treatment of VP function, especially VP incompetence, by palatal lift appliances, has become a part of the current trend for the rehabilitation of VP dysfunction. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a dentulous patient with a congenital soft palate defect using a functional impression technique in which a palatal plate with a solid one-piece pharyngeal obturator prosthesis has been used.

How to cite this article: Singh R, Goswami R, Saxena D, et al. Treatment Option for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: A Speech Aid. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):601-604.

Background: Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are the chief microbes associated with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Diverse antimicrobial agents are widely used to prevent ECC, and a quest for newer natural products has been on the rise in the recent past.

Aim: To estimate the antimicrobial activity of propolis with chlorhexidine on salivary specimens from children with S-ECC in vitro.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 children with S-ECC were designated. Salivary samples of 30 children (group I) were inoculated onto mitis salivarius agar (MSA) to isolate S. mutans. Another 30 samples (group II) were inoculated on sabouraud's dextrose agar and subcultured on HiCrome Candida differential agar to isolate C. albicans. Sensitivity testing for 0.2% chlorhexidine and 10% propolis extract was done using the agar well diffusion technique using Mueller-Hinton agar medium. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated by calculating the diameter of the zone of inhibition surrounding the well.

Results: All saliva samples collected from groups I and II showed growth of S. mutans and C. albicans, respectively. All cultured microbes were sensitive to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 10% propolis extract. The mean inhibition zone for S. mutans with chlorhexidine was 14.57 ± 0.63 mm, and with propolis, 11.93 ± 0.52 mm. The mean zone of inhibition for C. albicans with chlorhexidine was 12.83 ± 0.59 mm, and with propolis, 9.50 ± 0.73 mm. Chlorhexidine consistently showed statistically significantly larger zones of inhibition and hence appeared to be a more potent antimicrobial agent than propolis extract for both S. mutans and C. albicans. However, propolis has irrefutable action against both S. mutans and C. albicans.

Conclusion: Propolis may be an acceptable substitute for chlorhexidine for long-term use as it has demonstrated antimicrobial activity and fewer side effects. Hence, this Association of Physicians of India herbal drug can be incorporated into mouthwashes and toothpaste to reduce microbial counts.

How to cite this article: Kodgi V, Shetty P, Thimmaiah C, et al. Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis and Chlorhexidine on Salivary Isolates of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):591-595.