International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Background: Diverting the child's mind from unpleasant stimuli is the major technique employed, allowing a more comfortable and less stressful dental experience. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a noninvasive externally cold and vibrating pain-reduction device in reducing pain perception during intraoral local anesthetic (LA) administration in children.

Materials and methods: A sample of 39 children aged 6-10 years scheduled for bilateral dental procedures requiring local anesthesia were recruited for the crossover study. Two visits were scheduled for procedures at each side, with an intervening washout period of 7 days. The study sample was randomly allocated to two groups, alternatively receiving the intervention at each visit. Participants' subjective assessments of pain were measured using the Wong-Baker facial expressions rating scale. The pain that was witnessed was documented using the sound, eyes, and motor (SEM) scale, and parents were asked to assess their child's pain tolerance from 1 to 10. The pulse rate and behavior levels based on the Frankl behavior rating scale (FBRS) were also recorded.

Results: Subjective pain scores reduced significantly in the test group compared to the control group at both visits (p < 0.001). Pain scores of both parental (p < 0.05) and SEM scale (p < 0.001) demonstrated significant reduction in the test group only at the first visit. No significant differences were noted in pulse rates and behavior levels.

Conclusion: The externally cold and vibrating pain-reduction device appears to effectively reduce pain perception during intraoral LA administration in children.

How to cite this article: Vishwanathaiah S, Maganur PC, Areshy RA, et al. Effect of Buzzy Bee in Reducing Pain Perception during Local Anesthesia in Children: A Split-mouth Crossover Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1390-1396.

Aim: The hallmark of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) is the frequent occurrence of partial or complete upper airway collapse while asleep, which causes recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxemia and wakefulness. The prevalence of SRBD is very high, yet it remains underdiagnosed and untreated. Initial screening can maximize the chances of early identification and assistance for children with SRBD. The aim was to assess prevalence of SRBD in young patients during mixed dentition period, reporting for dental examination using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), and assess its correlation with oral health status utilizing Functional Airway Evaluation Screening Tool (FAIREST-6).

Methodology: A study was conducted from January 2024 to June 2024, of 1,800 mixed dentition children during dental examinations. Outcome measures included a PSQ fulfilled by participating patients' guardians. Children identified at risk through PSQ were further screened using the FAIREST-6 screening tool by dental residents.

Results: The sample consisted of 1,800 screened pediatric patients, 960 males and 840 females, with an overall mean age of 8.74 (1.8) years, with an age range between 6 and 12 years. SRBD was found in 5.2% of the children, with girls having a greater prevalence (52.2%) than boys (47.8%). A positive correlation was seen between variables (Tonsillar hypertrophy, narrow palate, and mentalis activity) and SRBD.

Conclusion: The frequency of SRBDs, as assessed by routine examination of the PSQ and FAIREST-6, was 5.2%. The symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were strongly linked to the existence of mentalis activity, tonsillar hypertrophy, and a narrow palate.

Clinical significance: Dentists, doctors, and allied health providers can utilize the short and validated chairside FAIREST-6 screening test, which consists of six clinical determinants, to evaluate young patients for SDB.

How to cite this article: Shirsat SM, Pawar M, Choudhari KS, et al. Prevalence of Sleep-related Breathing Disorders in Children and Its Correlation with Oral Health Status Using FAIREST-6: Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1373-1377.

Background: Children's dental anxiety, which is frequently brought on by discomfort or a fear of pain, is a major obstacle to receiving quality dental care, especially while local anesthesia (LA) is being administered. To lessen anxiety and enhance the child's experience, a variety of pharmaceutical and nonpharmacological strategies have been investigated, including distraction approaches, like audiovisual (AV) eyeglasses.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well AV eyeglasses and various topical anesthetics, including precaine, lollicaine, and ice tubes, affected juvenile patients' perceptions of pain during intraoral injections.

Materials and methods: Group I (AV eyeglasses + precaine), group II (AV eyeglasses + ice tube), and group III (AV eyeglasses + lollicaine) comprised 30 children between the ages of 6 and 12 who needed tooth extractions under local anesthetic. Pain perception was assessed using the universal pain assessment tool, behavior pain scale, and pulse oximetry. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.

Findings: Group I had the lowest mean pain scores and the highest pain tolerance. Compared to groups II and III, where ice tubes and lollicaine offered superior pain relief, group I experienced more crying and hand movements. AV eyeglasses had no discernible effect on behavioral control, but it did marginally increase pain tolerance.

Conclusion: Audiovisual eyewear did not significantly enhance child behavior during local anesthesia, although offering some distraction and increasing pain tolerance. Lollicaine and cryoanesthesia (ice tube) were more successful in lessening the impression of pain. In pediatric dentistry, AV eyeglasses can be utilized as an additional distraction method.

How to cite this article: Waddo NA, Shaikh NK, Ranjan A, et al. Influence of Site Preparation Methods on Pain Associated with Injection of Local Anesthesia Using Audiovisual Eyeglasses: A Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1354-1357.

Aims and background: Restoring grossly destructed primary molars requires esthetic and durable materials that can withstand masticatory forces. Although preformed zirconia crowns are strong and durable, they require extensive tooth preparation and are brittle. The three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin NextDent crowns are nonbrittle and offer better or similar esthetic alternatives, but their ability to withstand intraoral stresses remains untested. Therefore, a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) study was planned to compare the stress distribution on primary molars restored with custom-made 3D-printed resin NextDent crowns and preformed zirconia crowns.

Materials and methods: The study design employed two finite element models, with the endodontically restored primary mandibular second molar-one restored with a 3D-printed resin NextDent crown and the other with a preformed zirconia crown. The finite element models were exported to ANSYS software and subjected to a maximum load of 500 N.

Results: The von Mises stress distribution analysis shows that the 3D-printed resin NextDent crown exhibits a higher maximum stress of 383.2 MPa on the crown, compared to 351.12 MPa for the zirconia crown.

Conclusion: The 3D-printed resin NextDent crown can be used as an alternative to prefabricated zirconia crown for full coronal restoration of primary teeth.

Clinical significance: 3D-printed resin crowns offer high esthetic value with precise customization, require minimal tooth preparation, and are cost-effective, making them a practical and accessible option for full coronal restoration in pediatric patients.

How to cite this article: Kalaskar RR, Kadam US, Sharma N, et al. Stress Distribution Pattern of a Calculated Standardized Force on Primary Second Molar Restored with 3D-printed Resin NextDent Crown and Prefabricated Zirconia Crown: A 3D Finite Element Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S35-S39.

Purpose: Developmental disturbances of teeth in children with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can significantly impact their oral health. Children with these disorders show behavior and cognitive impairment. Both the disorders are associated with environmental, genetic, and systemic factors that can impact odontogenesis. Although dental anomalies have been reported in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, the frequency and distribution of these disturbances remain insufficiently studied in children with ASD and ADHD, especially in comparison to their neurotypical peers. The study aims to determine and compare the frequency and distribution of developmental dental disturbances in children with ASD and ADHD and neurotypical children.

Materials and methods: A total of 673 children in Chennai, aged 3-13, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data and oral examinations were recorded after obtaining informed consent. Statistical analysis included Chi-squared test. A p -value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Children with ASD and ADHD had a significantly higher prevalence of developmental disturbances of teeth (51.6%) compared to controls (22.6%). Anomalies such as hypodontia, peg-shaped laterals, talon's cusp, and enamel hypoplasia had higher prevalence in the case group than in the control group.

Conclusion: Developmental dental abnormalities are more prevalent in children with ASD and ADHD than in neurotypical peers. These findings emphasize the need for early dental screening and interdisciplinary management to address systemic, genetic, and environmental factors influencing odontogenesis.

How to cite this article: Shan S, Swaminathan K, Vivek K, et al. Developmental Disturbances of Teeth in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S80-S85.

Aim and background: Children and young adults frequently sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to their permanent teeth. Injury to permanent incisors is most commonly caused by a collision with an object or person and by a self-fall. Complicated crown fractures account for 2-13% of all dental injuries, in which the maxillary central incisors are most commonly affected. Anterior tooth fracture not only causes functional and esthetic problems but also has a psychological impact on the child.

Case description: A 9-year-old boy reported to the department complaining of broken teeth in the upper front tooth region while playing. Intraoral examination showed complicated crown fracture at the cervical third of teeth 11, 12, and 22, and Elli's class II fracture with tooth 21. The management consisted of calcium hydroxide apexification, followed by root canal obturation and orthodontic extrusion to provide a long-lasting and esthetic restoration. Finally, prosthetic rehabilitation was done using a fiber post and fabrication of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns. The case was reviewed for a period of 1 year, and the teeth were symptom-free, and the patient was happy with the treatment done.

Conclusion: In managing complicated crown fractures encroaching on biological width typically demands a coordinated approach, involving endodontic therapy, periodontal surgery, orthodontic movement, and restorative procedures to achieve optimal results.

Clinical significance: The present case report was intended to achieve a possible conservative treatment option following a complicated crown fracture.

How to cite this article: Hiremath MC, Srinath SK, Vidya S, et al. Comprehensive Management of Complicated Crown Fractures at the Cervical Third of Young Permanent Maxillary Incisors in a 9-year-old Boy: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1400-1403.

Background: In minimally invasive dentistry, adhesive restorative materials are widely used both as bulk restoratives and for the repair of occlusal, proximal, cervical, and multisurface cavities. These consist of conventional, modified glass ionomers, compomers, composites, and new alkasite materials. Few investigations have focused on comparing the in vitro behavior of recently developed restorative materials.

Aim: To compare and assess the microleakage and shear bond strength (SBS) of 3M ESPE Composite (Filtek Z350 XT), Kids-e-Restore, and Cention N in primary molar teeth.

Materials and methods: This experimental investigation was divided into three groups: Cention N was in group I, Kids-e-Restore was in group II, and 3M ESPE composite (Filtek Z350 XT) was in group III. Shear bond strength testing was done by a universal testing machine. The maximum load was recorded during the testing. Samples were analyzed through a stereomicroscope to evaluate bond failure mode. Dye penetration was used to assess microleakage, and a stereomicroscope was used for examination.

Results: 3M Filtek Z350XT had the highest SBS, and Cention N had the lowest. Kids-e-Restore showed the least amount of microleakage, then by Cention N and 3M Filtek Z350 XT.

Conclusion: Composite resin (3M Filtek Z350 XT) has better SBS than Cention N and flowable GIC (glass ionomer cement) (Kids-e-Restore) in primary molar teeth. Flowable GIC (Kids-e-Restore) showed less microleakage and is a good adjunct for class II restorations.

How to cite this article: Dadpe MV, Kendre UR, Kale YJ, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Three Different Restorative Materials in Primary Molar Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1349-1353.

Obturation creates a seal along the root canal, preventing fluid movement and blocking potential entry points for bacteria found between the periodontal tissues and the root canal system. Several techniques are used for obturating primary tooth canals, including tuberculin syringe, disposable injection technique, manual incremental lateral condensation, Jiffy tubes, Navi-tip, lentulo spiral (hand-held or rotary), past inject, and endodontic pressure syringe. These methods only prioritize cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and material control for successful outcomes. However, to date, no classification has been proposed for the method of material placement in the root canal. Thus, this article highlights the obturating methods in the direction of placement of material and proposes a newer classification for the criteria of obturation, which can significantly influence the success rate of the endodontic therapy.

How to cite this article: Srivastava N, Kaushik N. Obturation of Primary Teeth: Time to Redefine Objectives and Techniques. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1407-1411.

Behavioral modernity is reshaping behaviors, perspectives, and expectations in pediatric dentistry, often leading to less-than-optimal experiences for children, parents, and dental professionals. This paper addresses these evolving challenges and introduces the strategic structured collaborative technique (SSCT), an innovative approach developed to enhance the pediatric dental experience. SSCT integrates evidence-based behavior guidance techniques with contemporary principles of child-centered care, parental engagement, and professional work behavior optimization. By fostering collaboration among all participants, SSCT creates a safe and supportive care environment that personalizes care to each child's needs. This dynamic approach aims to improve patient outcomes, increase parental satisfaction, and streamline the delivery of pediatric dental care.

How to cite this article: Venkatesh SP. Reimagining Pediatric Dental Behavior Guidance: Introducing the Strategic Structured Collaborative Technique. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S99-S106.

Pediatric dental anxiety continues to present a significant barrier to effective oral healthcare delivery, often necessitating pharmacological interventions or rudimentary distraction techniques. Although audiovisual (AV) aids have found widespread application in dental behavior management, their limited sensory scope often fails to create a transformative experience. This paper introduces the Conceptualized Immersive Projection Environment-Nilesh Rathi Technique (CIPE-NRT©), a novel operatory design and behavioral management approach conceptualized by Dr Nilesh Rathi. CIPE-NRT© employs panoramic ceiling and wall projections, curated soundscapes, and spatial elements to create a fully immersive and customized environment within the dental operatory. Grounded in attentional modulation and sensory integration principles, this technique aims to modulate emotional and cognitive responses in pediatric patients. Adaptable for use with both conscious and sedated children, as well as those with special healthcare needs, the CIPE-NRT© offers a noninvasive, cost-effective, and scalable alternative to traditional methods. The infrastructure, classification, ethical considerations, and potential applications beyond dentistry are discussed, along with hypothesized behavioral and physiological outcomes. This technique represents a paradigm shift toward neuroethical and emotionally intelligent pediatric dental care.

How to cite this article: Rathi N, Saha S. Conceptualized Immersive Projection Environment (CIPE-NRT^©): A Novel Immersive Projection Environment for Multisensory Modulation in Pediatric Dental Anxiety Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S107-S112.