International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Aim and background: The term "spin" in biomedical journals refers to reporting strategies that misinterpret actual results and mislead readers toward viewing a drug or treatment in a more favorable or less favorable manner. The study aimed to evaluate the presence of spin in abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed-indexed pediatric dentistry journals.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry at a tertiary care hospital from April to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials published in PubMed-indexed pediatric dentistry journals from January 2010 to December 2022 were included. A literature search was performed by two independent reviewers according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The abstracts of the included articles were evaluated to identify spin. The method described by Boutron et al. was followed to define and identify spin. Data summary statistics of the included studies were calculated using Google Sheets.

Results: The initial search in PubMed resulted in 3,566 articles. According to the eligibility criteria, 327 articles were included and analyzed for spin in the abstracts. A total of 10 out of 327 (3%) articles showed spin in the abstracts. Randomized controlled trials evaluating pulpotomy as an intervention exhibited the most spin. The majority of abstracts with spin showed a discrepancy in the presentation of results and the conclusion section.

Conclusion: The presence of spin is evident in 3% of PubMed-indexed Pediatric Dentistry journals published from 2010 to 2022.

Clinical significance: Clinicians should be careful when implying the observations of abstracts of RCTs to the clinical scenario, considering the presence of spin.

How to cite this article: Patnana AK, Jayam C, Kumar N, et al. Evaluation of Spin in Abstracts of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Pediatric Dentistry Journals. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1071-1074.

Objectives: This clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of three minimal intervention dentistry protocols in arresting dentin caries in primary molars of preschool children. Treatment time, anxiety in children, adverse events, and parents' esthetic perception were all assessed.

Materials and methods: One hundred thirty-five 3-5-year-old children with active dentin caries lesions on the occlusal surface of primary molars were randomly allocated to the control group receiving atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and two test groups receiving 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) or ultraconservative treatment (UCT). The existence and activity of caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) criteria. Children were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months. The time required to perform the treatments was recorded, and a facial image scale (FIS) was applied to assess anxiety. Questions posed to caregivers were used to investigate adverse events and esthetic assessment.

Results: After a year, the overall success rates of UCT, SDF, and ART were 61.6, 87.2, and 84.6%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The time required to treat with SDF was significantly lower than that needed for ART and UCT (p < 0.01). Anxiety levels were significantly lower in the SDF group (p = 0.003). There was no difference in the percentage of adverse events and parental esthetic perception (p = 0.604).

Conclusion: After 3 months, the arrest rates of ART, SDF, and UCT were similar. However, after 1 year, the arrest rate of UCT was significantly lower.

Clinical significance: Silver diamine fluoride takes significantly less chair time and has success rates comparable to ART. Ultraconservative treatment has a short-term successful application. It was confirmed that there were no variations in adverse events between SDF, ART, and UCT.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT05314660.

How to cite this article: Hamza BE, Attia NM, Abdellatif AM, et al. Arresting Active Carious Lesions Using Minimal Intervention Dentistry among a Group of Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1018-1024.

Background: Gagging is a stimulated, protective reflex to prevent any material from entering the mouth or oropharynx. However, a hyperactive gag reflex is a common occurrence and anxiety-provoking stimulus while performing routine clinical procedures. Impression making is a clinical procedure that causes pronounced gagging and severe discomfort to the patient. As making an impression is a crucial step in routine dental treatment, it is imperative to make the process of impression making as comfortable as possible to provide quality dental care. Very few studies have reported on the effect of virtual reality (VR) and musical earplug temporal tap technique (METTT) in impression making.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of VR and METTTs on the reduction of the gag reflex in pediatric patients.

Materials and methods: Sixty healthy patients aged 6-12 years were diagnosed with the presence of a hyperactive gag reflex using the Gag Severity Index (GSI). GSI scores of 2 and above were included in the study, and mandibular alginate impressions were made with standard distraction methodology, which served as the baseline level of gag in each patient. These children were then randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, 30 patients' maxillary alginate impressions were made with VR facilitated techniques, while the remaining 30 patients' impressions were made with the METTT. The amount of gag reduction was evaluated with the Gag Prevention Index (GPI) score during the impressions at intervals of 0, 30, and 60 seconds. Anxiety was assessed using heart rate, oxygen saturation, and the modified version of the faces dental anxiety scale following impression making.

Results: Intragroup METT-facilitated impression-making showed a statistically significant reduction in heart rate. However, intergroup comparison showed no statistically significant difference in the amount of reduction of the gag reflex, oxygen saturation, or patient experience.

Conclusion: The gag reflex was not reduced by VR or METTT. Nevertheless, a decrease in heart rate during METTT-facilitated mandibular impression making indicated a reduction in anxiety. Hence, METTT can be applied as an adjuvant in patients with severe gag reflexes when making an impression.

How to cite this article: Gandhi M, Lakade L, Kunte S, et al. Effect of Virtual Reality and Musical Earplug Temporal Tap Technique in Reduction of Gag Reflex in Pediatric Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):981-986.

Background: Dental caries remains a significant oral health concern, particularly in young children. With an increasing interest in preventive strategies, pediatric and preventive dentistry research is now more focused on developing newer materials and techniques to coat the primary teeth to prevent the onset of new carious lesions. While traditional preventive measures such as fluoride application and sealants have been effective in reducing caries incidence, there is still a need for innovative approaches.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of surface prereacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) light-cured varnish in inhibiting demineralization of primary teeth enamel.

Materials and methods: In this study, primary teeth samples were randomly divided into two groups: the control group received no coating, while the test group received an S-PRG filler coat. The samples were allowed to demineralize, and various analyses, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Vickers microhardness analysis, were conducted. Additionally, biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis were developed on solid surfaces such as microtiter plates, glass, and dentures, and the quantity of bacterial biofilm was measured using crystal violet assay and fluorescence microscopy.

Results: The study results showed that the primary teeth samples in both groups had a significantly greater calcium content than the controls. The S-PRG group demonstrated a significant reduction in the development of biofilms of S. mutans and E. faecalis, as well as bacterial attachment to glass and denture surfaces compared to the control group, as indicated by crystal violet assay and fluorescence microscopy.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that S-PRG filler-containing coating materials have the potential to prevent demineralization and inhibit S. mutans and E. faecalis biofilm formation on primary tooth enamel.

Clinical significance: These results are promising and may have implications for the prevention of dental caries in young children.

How to cite this article: Fernandes RM, Kumar S, Suvarna R, et al. Surface Prereacted Glass Ionomer Varnish as a Multifaceted Anticaries Agent: Investigating its Inhibitory Effects on Demineralization and Biofilm Formation on Primary Tooth Enamel. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1049-1056.

Background: Indirect pulp therapy (IPT) is a conservative treatment approach that leaves the deepest caries adjacent to the pulp undisturbed in an effort to avoid pulp exposure. The result of IPT is primarily dependent on the biocompatibility, sealing capacity, adaptability of the overlying restoration to underlying dentin, and strength of the liner material utilized.

Aim: To evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (e-MTA) and biodentine when restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin after their initial set time.

Materials and methods: Around 40 extracted caries-free permanent molars were randomly divided into two groups according to the liner material used (group I (e-MTA) and group II-biodentine). Each group was further divided into subgroups A1, A2, B1, and B2, where A1 and B1 received GIC and A2 and B2 received composite resin restoration after the initial set time. Half of the samples from each subgroup were allotted to two test groups of SBS and microleakage evaluation. The SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine, and microleakage was assessed using a dye penetration test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for intergroup comparison, and the paired sample t-test was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data were analyzed using a nonparametric test at the 5% level of significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for Windows.

Results: A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was found in SBS between the group (e-MTA) + composite and biodentine + composite, where the latter group showed the highest SBS. Microleakage was highest in the group (e-MTA) + GIC (0.6 ± 0.894) and lowest in the group biodentine + composite (0.2 ± 0.447). However, no statistically significant difference was found in microleakage among all four groups.

Conclusion: Within the constraints of this study, biodentine can be suggested as the pulp capping agent to be restored with composite resin restoration after its initial set time.

How to cite this article: Patel C, Patel M, Panchal M, et al. Evaluation of Microleakage and Shear Bond Strength of Two Different Calcium-based Silicate Indirect Pulp Capping Agents When Restored with Glass Ionomer Cement and Composite Resin Restoration: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1035-1040.

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis has a pathogenic role in failed endodontic treatments. The study aimed to assess the efficiency of Spilanthes acmella (SA) and cinnamon oil (CO) extract on E. faecalis biofilm eradication.

Materials and methods: The antibacterial efficacy of SA and CO against E. faecalis was assessed by the tests of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and further, the interaction with agents was evaluated at different time intervals by a time-kill assay. The inhibition efficacy of both agents was determined by biofilm adhesion reduction crystal violet assay.

Results: The MIC of SA was 25 μg/mL, and for CO, it was 12.5 μg/mL. The time-kill assay revealed that antibacterial efficacy was identified till 36 hours by both the test materials. The mean biofilm reduction at 25 µg/mL of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂], SA, and CO was 1.53 ± 0.05, 1.83 ± 1.57, and 2.06 ± 0.05, respectively.

Conclusion: SA and CO demonstrated promising antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis and CO presented significant eradication of biofilms compared to SA.

How to cite this article: Bhamare SA, Dahake PT, Kale YJ, et al. Effect of Herbal Extract of Spilanthes acmella and Cinnamon Oil on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Eradication: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1004-1013.

Background: Pulp capping is a vital dental procedure used to preserve the vitality of teeth affected by deep caries lesions without irreversible pulpitis. The use of modern bioceramic materials has enhanced the predictability of vital pulp therapy (VPT).

Aim: This study aimed to assess the clinical success of Biodentine, modified NeoPutty mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as pulp capping materials for indirect pulp capping in carious primary teeth.

Materials and methods: Indirect pulp treatment (IPT) was performed on 36 deciduous molars in 36 patients presenting with deep carious lesions. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: Biodentine (12 teeth), NeoPutty MTA (12 teeth), and Ca(OH)2 (12 teeth). Patients were monitored at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment to evaluate the clinical success of the procedures.

Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Pearson's Chi-squared test was employed to compare success and failure rates among Biodentine, MTA, and Ca(OH)2 at three different time intervals (30, 90, and 180 days) and overall success and failure rates regardless of the time intervals.

Results: In the statistical analysis, different pulp capping materials yielded varying success rates. The NeoPutty MTA group demonstrated a success rate of 91.67%, the Biodentine group 83.33%, and the Ca(OH)2 group 58.33% after 6 months. However, these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Indirect pulp treatment with calcium silicate-based materials, such as Biodentine and modified NeoPutty MTA, showed superior results compared to the use of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Although differences in success rates were observed among the materials, they did not reach statistical significance.

How to cite this article: Acharya S, Gurunathan D, Assiry AA, et al. Comparison of Modified NeoPutty MTA®, Biodentine, and Calcium Hydroxide in Indirect Pulp Therapy in Deciduous Teeth: An In Vivo Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1025-1029.

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in children and adolescents. Even though dentists' management of trauma has been given importance, parents rarely know how to intervene in cases of dental trauma. This study was done to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding dental trauma among parents of children attending primary schools.

Materials and methods: The study was carried out using a semistructured Arabic questionnaire with closed answers, distributed to 285 parents of primary schoolchildren who visited the dental clinics, College of Dentistry, Jizan.

Results: Out of 285 questionnaires, 250 parents completely filled out the proforma. Most of the parents were unemployed females. Only 74.07% of the 21.6% of participants who had experienced trauma in their children reported the incident. Most of them had suffered trauma at home and the least in school. Most of them believed dental trauma was simply dental caries and were unaware of what to do in case of dental trauma. The majority said they would visit a dentist within a day in the event of trauma. In case of trauma, around 10.8% wanted to store the tooth in milk, while 80.4% wanted to wash it in an antiseptic solution. Most of the parents were concerned if the tooth was a permanent tooth and less concerned if it was a primary tooth.

Conclusion: From the results of our study, most of the parents had no experience with dental trauma in their children, and most did not know what to do in case of traumatic dental injury (TDI); they would intervene within 1 day. Nevertheless, they lacked the knowledge necessary to provide the affected child with the most appropriate support possible. Motivating parents to embrace a preventative stance against oral trauma might result in positive changes that would boost the long-term health advantages for both the parents and their children.

How to cite this article: Maganur PC, Ahamed FEA, Alhulaili DH, et al. Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior toward Dental Trauma among Parents of Primary Schoolchildren Visiting College of Dentistry, Jizan. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1030-1034.

Background: The study explores the impact of microleakage on bracket (metal/ceramic) debonding and the occurrence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment. Various curing techniques are employed to assess shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage in both metal and ceramic brackets.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 samples were divided into six groups, each consisting of 20 samples. The groups were categorized based on the bracket material (metal or ceramic) and further subdivided according to the light-emitting diode (LED) curing method (traditional, transillumination, or combination). Fifty percent (60 samples) of each group were allocated for SBS evaluation, while the remaining 50% (60 samples) were used for microleakage assessment. The buccal enamel surfaces of all teeth in the six groups were etched and coated with a uniform layer of sealant. Stainless steel and ceramic maxillary premolar brackets were affixed using Transbond XT adhesive and light-cured with an LED unit. SBS was measured using the Instron ElectroPuls E3000 universal testing machine, and microleakage was examined using a stereomicroscope.

Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significant differences in SBS among the six groups. Group IV exhibited the minimum SBS mean (7.02 MPa), while group VI displayed the maximum SBS mean (21.73 MPa). Microleakage assessment demonstrated that group IV had a maximum depth of 0.26 mm using the transillumination method, whereas group VI showed a minimum depth of 0.14 mm with the combination technique.

Conclusion: Brackets cured with a combination of conventional (5 seconds) and transillumination (5 seconds per bracket) methods exhibited significantly higher SBS. Conversely, group IV, cured solely with the transillumination technique (10 seconds per bracket), demonstrated the lowest strength. In terms of microleakage, group VI, treated with the combination technique, displayed the shallowest depth, while group IV, cured exclusively with transillumination, showed the greatest depth of microleakage. These findings underscore the importance of the curing method in influencing both SBS and microleakage, offering valuable insights for optimizing orthodontic bracket placement techniques.

How to cite this article: Lenin A, Anbarasu P, S SK, et al. Comparison of Microleakage and Bond Strength in Metal and Ceramic Brackets Cured by Conventional and Transillumination Methods: An In-vitro Evaluation. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):999-1003.

Introduction: Dental impaction may be due to several etiological factors, including genetic conditions, lack of space, failure of primary tooth resorption and prolonged retention of these teeth, presence of intraosseous cysts, and trauma in the region. The ranula is a mucus-filled cyst-like mass that usually originates from extravasation of mucus from the sublingual gland.

Case description: A 7-year-old Saudi female presented to the pediatric dental clinic at Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (PMBAH), Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia, with complicated orodental problems that were identified after clinical and radiological assessment, including the following: an intruded primary central incisor in close relation to the nasal cavity, hypodontia, hypomineralization, multiple carious teeth, abscess, and sublingual ranula. The pediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), and anesthesiology teams discussed the diagnosis and treatment plan for comprehensive oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA).

Conclusion: This case report highlights the crucial need for early dental screening and intervention in pediatric patients to educate the parents, prevent orodental problems, and treat the current complaints. It also shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in such cases to reach an ideal treatment plan and results.

Clinical significance: The potential for pain, difficulty chewing, malalignment of surrounding teeth, and the risk of infection or cyst formation if left untreated.

How to cite this article: Ghulman R, Kabadaya M, Al-Blowi RH, et al. Oral Rehabilitation of a Child Superimposed with Tooth Impaction and Ranula. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(9):1057-1062.