International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of OXIS contact areas [open (O), point (X), straight (I), and curved (S)] of primary molars and their individual susceptibility to proximal caries in 3-6-year-old children.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 192 caries-free children, aged 3-6 years, from H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Two calibrated dentists assessed 768 selected contacts using OXIS criteria from an occlusal view, followed by a minimum 1-year follow-up evaluation for the presence of approximal caries. Spearman's correlation test was used to determine the association between contact types and approximal caries.

Results: Out of 529 contacts that were successfully followed up at 1 year, 145 (27.41%) contacts were found to be carious. Spearman's correlation test revealed a significant association between contact type and approximal caries (p < 0.05). The odds ratios of OXIS contacts for the development of approximal caries were: S contact-2.297, I contact-1.119, X contact-0.970, and O contact-1.00 (reference).

Conclusion: Compelling evidence underscores the importance of tooth contact variations in approximal caries development, with the S-type contact emerging as the most susceptible, followed by the I, X, and O-type contacts.

How to cite this article: Thakur S, Singh GK, Singhal P, et al. OXIS Contacts and Approximal Caries in 3-6-year-old Children: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S29-S34.

Aim and background: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of ProAF Baby Gold and Prime Pedo rotary files for root canal preparation in primary maxillary and mandibular second molars.

Methods: Children aged 4-7 years with primary molars requiring pulpectomy were included in the study. A total of 58 participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 29 each: group I (n = 29)-ProAF Baby Gold files and group II (n = 29)-Prime Pedo files.

Results: The mean instrumentation time for canal preparation was 153.76 seconds in group I and 189.17 seconds in group II. The ProAF Baby Gold files group required less time for biomechanical preparation compared to the Prime Pedo files.The mean pain score in group I system was 0.48 when compared to 0.83 in group II. Radiographic evaluation of obturation quality showed that 17 samples in group I were optimally filled, compared to 16 samples in group II.The obturation quality and postoperative pain between the two groups were compared using the Chi-squared test, which showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two rotary file systems.

Conclusion: This study showed better quality of obturation, reduction in instrumentation time, and reduced postoperative pain with the use of the rotary file systems.

Clinical significance: Behavior management is a critical aspect of pediatric dentistry. With a reduction in the time required for treatment, behavior management may become easier for pediatric dentists.

How to cite this article: Sawant S, Kalaskar R. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Two Different Rotary Files on Root Canal Obturation Quality, Postoperative Pain, and Instrumentation Time in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S1-S5.

Aims and background: A healthy metabolic, cognitive, and physical wellness requires sleep. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are prone to sleep disturbances, which exacerbates the behavioral and cognitive issues. Likewise, the sleep problems co-occur with oral habits. This study aims to assess and compare the sleep habit and oral habits of children with ASD and ADHD with those of neurotypical children.

Materials and methods: A total of 96 children between the ages 4 and 10 were included. They were divided into two group: the case group, which included children with ASD and ADHD, and the control group, which included neurotypical children. Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire- Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) was administered to parents to evaluate bedtime routine, sleep behavior, and morning habits. Demographic data, body mass index (BMI), and presence of oral habits were also recorded. A CSHQ-A total score greater than 41 was regarded as abnormal and suggestive of sleep problem. Statistical analysis includes unpaired t-test for continuous variables, Chi-square test for categorical data, and Pearson correlation was employed to correlate CSHQ-A total score and BMI.

Results: The CSHQ-A total score was significantly higher in cases (71.41 ± 9.3) than the controls (43.1 ± 16.9, p < 0.001). The mean difference in the CSHQ-A total score was 28.31 with a large effect size and 95% confidence interval. Children with ASD and ADHD were dependent on parents to fall asleep, needed special objects, and experienced frequent night awakenings. A higher CSHQ-A total score was related to oral habits particularly, bruxism. There was a negative correlation found between the CSHQ-A total score and BMI (r = -0.30, p = 0.002).

Conclusion: Children with ASD and ADHD showed significant sleep disturbance than children in control group. This study highlights the relationship between the impact of sleep disturbance and the problems associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of assessment of sleep habit along with routine oral examination into the pediatric dental practice.

Clinical significance: This study highlights the clinical importance of integrating sleep assessment into pediatric dentistry, especially for children with health needs. Early detection and intervention will help in cognitive development and promotes the overall health.

How to cite this article: Shan S, Vivek K, Haridoss S, et al. Assessment of Sleep Habit and Oral Habits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1327-1332.

Aim: To appraise the effectiveness of deep breathing exercises in lowering dental anxiety, behavior, and pain in children aged 7-11 years utilizing a Hoberman sphere during maxillary buccal infiltration.

Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 children aged 7-11 years who were randomly assigned to two groups, with 35 in each group. Children in group I were trained for deep breathing exercises with a Hoberman sphere, whereas those in group II (control group) were taught the classic Tell Show Do technique. Children's reactions to maxillary buccal infiltration anesthesia were assessed using Frankl's behavior rating scale, the facial image scale (FIS), and the pulse rate, as well as the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scales. Data were tabulated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Kruskal-Wallis test for distribution. The independent Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test (for quantitative variables) and the Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney test (for qualitative variables) were used.

Results: A substantial change in pulse rate during injection was seen in the Hoberman sphere group (p < 0.001). Subjective and objective pain scores were lower in the Hoberman sphere group compared to the control group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0063). There was no significant difference in behavior between the two groups (p = 0.845).

Conclusion: Children's dental anxiety and pain during maxillary buccal infiltration anesthesia were effectively reduced when they used the Hoberman sphere for deep breathing exercises. However, there was no improvement in dental behavior.

Clinical significance: One promising method for easing the psychological and physical discomfort experienced by kids with dental anxiety is diaphragmatic breathing. By diverting the child's attention from unpleasant stimuli, the Hoberman sphere helps to relax and correct breathing while also reducing dental anxiety, behavior, and discomfort.

How to cite this article: Yendodu V, Nirmala SVSG. Effect of Hoberman Sphere on Behavior, Anxiety, and Pain in Children during Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1339-1344.

Background: Diverting the child's mind from unpleasant stimuli is the major technique employed, allowing a more comfortable and less stressful dental experience. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a noninvasive externally cold and vibrating pain-reduction device in reducing pain perception during intraoral local anesthetic (LA) administration in children.

Materials and methods: A sample of 39 children aged 6-10 years scheduled for bilateral dental procedures requiring local anesthesia were recruited for the crossover study. Two visits were scheduled for procedures at each side, with an intervening washout period of 7 days. The study sample was randomly allocated to two groups, alternatively receiving the intervention at each visit. Participants' subjective assessments of pain were measured using the Wong-Baker facial expressions rating scale. The pain that was witnessed was documented using the sound, eyes, and motor (SEM) scale, and parents were asked to assess their child's pain tolerance from 1 to 10. The pulse rate and behavior levels based on the Frankl behavior rating scale (FBRS) were also recorded.

Results: Subjective pain scores reduced significantly in the test group compared to the control group at both visits (p < 0.001). Pain scores of both parental (p < 0.05) and SEM scale (p < 0.001) demonstrated significant reduction in the test group only at the first visit. No significant differences were noted in pulse rates and behavior levels.

Conclusion: The externally cold and vibrating pain-reduction device appears to effectively reduce pain perception during intraoral LA administration in children.

How to cite this article: Vishwanathaiah S, Maganur PC, Areshy RA, et al. Effect of Buzzy Bee in Reducing Pain Perception during Local Anesthesia in Children: A Split-mouth Crossover Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1390-1396.

Aim: The hallmark of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) is the frequent occurrence of partial or complete upper airway collapse while asleep, which causes recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxemia and wakefulness. The prevalence of SRBD is very high, yet it remains underdiagnosed and untreated. Initial screening can maximize the chances of early identification and assistance for children with SRBD. The aim was to assess prevalence of SRBD in young patients during mixed dentition period, reporting for dental examination using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), and assess its correlation with oral health status utilizing Functional Airway Evaluation Screening Tool (FAIREST-6).

Methodology: A study was conducted from January 2024 to June 2024, of 1,800 mixed dentition children during dental examinations. Outcome measures included a PSQ fulfilled by participating patients' guardians. Children identified at risk through PSQ were further screened using the FAIREST-6 screening tool by dental residents.

Results: The sample consisted of 1,800 screened pediatric patients, 960 males and 840 females, with an overall mean age of 8.74 (1.8) years, with an age range between 6 and 12 years. SRBD was found in 5.2% of the children, with girls having a greater prevalence (52.2%) than boys (47.8%). A positive correlation was seen between variables (Tonsillar hypertrophy, narrow palate, and mentalis activity) and SRBD.

Conclusion: The frequency of SRBDs, as assessed by routine examination of the PSQ and FAIREST-6, was 5.2%. The symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were strongly linked to the existence of mentalis activity, tonsillar hypertrophy, and a narrow palate.

Clinical significance: Dentists, doctors, and allied health providers can utilize the short and validated chairside FAIREST-6 screening test, which consists of six clinical determinants, to evaluate young patients for SDB.

How to cite this article: Shirsat SM, Pawar M, Choudhari KS, et al. Prevalence of Sleep-related Breathing Disorders in Children and Its Correlation with Oral Health Status Using FAIREST-6: Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1373-1377.

Background: Children's dental anxiety, which is frequently brought on by discomfort or a fear of pain, is a major obstacle to receiving quality dental care, especially while local anesthesia (LA) is being administered. To lessen anxiety and enhance the child's experience, a variety of pharmaceutical and nonpharmacological strategies have been investigated, including distraction approaches, like audiovisual (AV) eyeglasses.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well AV eyeglasses and various topical anesthetics, including precaine, lollicaine, and ice tubes, affected juvenile patients' perceptions of pain during intraoral injections.

Materials and methods: Group I (AV eyeglasses + precaine), group II (AV eyeglasses + ice tube), and group III (AV eyeglasses + lollicaine) comprised 30 children between the ages of 6 and 12 who needed tooth extractions under local anesthetic. Pain perception was assessed using the universal pain assessment tool, behavior pain scale, and pulse oximetry. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.

Findings: Group I had the lowest mean pain scores and the highest pain tolerance. Compared to groups II and III, where ice tubes and lollicaine offered superior pain relief, group I experienced more crying and hand movements. AV eyeglasses had no discernible effect on behavioral control, but it did marginally increase pain tolerance.

Conclusion: Audiovisual eyewear did not significantly enhance child behavior during local anesthesia, although offering some distraction and increasing pain tolerance. Lollicaine and cryoanesthesia (ice tube) were more successful in lessening the impression of pain. In pediatric dentistry, AV eyeglasses can be utilized as an additional distraction method.

How to cite this article: Waddo NA, Shaikh NK, Ranjan A, et al. Influence of Site Preparation Methods on Pain Associated with Injection of Local Anesthesia Using Audiovisual Eyeglasses: A Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1354-1357.

Background: Human intelligence is defined as the capacity for complicated cognitive tasks as well as a high degree of drive and awareness. It permits human experience and thought. The most recent understanding of the association between environmental influences and tooth caries, which includes social-psychosocial, biological, and behavioral components, is presented in a deeply complex and related way. Children with low IQs need a lot longer to comprehend and embrace the importance of practicing good dental health.

Aim and objectives: The purpose of this study is to use Raven's colored progressive matrices, an intelligence test, to determine if there is an association between dental caries and IQ in children with no parents and ages 7-11 years.

Materials and methods: The current research involved 150 orphan children aged 7-11 years from Indore region, focusing on the relation between intelligence quotient (IQ) and dental caries in this population. To measure IQ and determine if children had carious lesions, researchers used Raven's colored progressive matrices and the index of missing, decayed, or filled teeth.

Results: A link between intelligence and dental caries was shown to be statistically significant, with lower IQs being associated with higher rates of dental caries.

How to cite this article: Gangwal R, Kambalimath HV, Maran S, et al. Correlation of Intelligence Quotient and Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5-11-Year-old Orphan Children Using Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S11-S15.

Aims and background: Restoring grossly destructed primary molars requires esthetic and durable materials that can withstand masticatory forces. Although preformed zirconia crowns are strong and durable, they require extensive tooth preparation and are brittle. The three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin NextDent crowns are nonbrittle and offer better or similar esthetic alternatives, but their ability to withstand intraoral stresses remains untested. Therefore, a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) study was planned to compare the stress distribution on primary molars restored with custom-made 3D-printed resin NextDent crowns and preformed zirconia crowns.

Materials and methods: The study design employed two finite element models, with the endodontically restored primary mandibular second molar-one restored with a 3D-printed resin NextDent crown and the other with a preformed zirconia crown. The finite element models were exported to ANSYS software and subjected to a maximum load of 500 N.

Results: The von Mises stress distribution analysis shows that the 3D-printed resin NextDent crown exhibits a higher maximum stress of 383.2 MPa on the crown, compared to 351.12 MPa for the zirconia crown.

Conclusion: The 3D-printed resin NextDent crown can be used as an alternative to prefabricated zirconia crown for full coronal restoration of primary teeth.

Clinical significance: 3D-printed resin crowns offer high esthetic value with precise customization, require minimal tooth preparation, and are cost-effective, making them a practical and accessible option for full coronal restoration in pediatric patients.

How to cite this article: Kalaskar RR, Kadam US, Sharma N, et al. Stress Distribution Pattern of a Calculated Standardized Force on Primary Second Molar Restored with 3D-printed Resin NextDent Crown and Prefabricated Zirconia Crown: A 3D Finite Element Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S35-S39.