International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a preventable disease among children under 6 years of age. The first dental visit (FDV) is a preventive model endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Academy of Pediatrics. It is designed to improve oral health outcomes, yet the FDV attendance rate before the age of 1 is low globally, especially in India.

Aims: To investigate maternal willingness to attend the FDV within 1 year of age and explore associations with predisposing, enabling, and need factors using Andersen's behavioral model for health services utilization.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among mothers of children aged 9-15 months. A validated questionnaire was administered to 640 mothers visiting vaccination centers in two hospitals. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and logistic regression to evaluate factors influencing FDV willingness.

Results: Willingness to attend FDV within 1 year of age was significantly influenced by predisposing factors, such as oral health knowledge, perceived barriers, and susceptibility to caries. Enabling factors, such as socioeconomic status and family support, showed minimal influence, while need factors, including the perceived oral health of the child, strongly correlated with FDV willingness. Findings revealed low awareness and attendance rates for FDV in the study population.

Conclusion: First dental visit attendance among infants in the study population is critically low, highlighting the need for targeted awareness campaigns. Pediatric healthcare professionals should actively promote oral health and FDV as preventive measures during well-baby visits to enhance acceptance and utilization.

Clinical significance: This study's focus on analyzing mothers' willingness to pursue the FDV at age 1, using Andersen's behavioral model of health service utilization, which provides actionable insights into the multifactorial drivers behind health-seeking behavior. Understanding how predisposing, enabling, and need-based factors influence maternal decision-making not only aids in identifying barriers to early dental care but also highlights opportunities to tailor public health interventions.

How to cite this article: Indira MD, Praveen Kumar PS, Anusha U, et al. Analysis of Mothers' Willingness for Age 1 First Dental Visit of Their Child Using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S94-S98.

Stainless steel crowns (SSC) have been extensively used for the restoration of posterior teeth in pediatric dentistry. Nickel is considered an essential trace element and a constituent of stainless steel crowns. There are no pertinent details found on the biodegradation of nickel from the new generation crowns. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare the release of nickel from three groups of stainless steel crowns produced by different manufacturers.

Aims and background: To evaluate and compare the amount of nickel released from three groups of stainless steel crowns produced by different manufacturers (3M, DNTO^TM and KIDS crown^TM).

Materials and methods: In total, 30 crowns were divided into three groups. Each group consisted of 10 stainless steel crowns. They were further subdivided into four subgroups, each comprising one, two, three, and four crowns respectively. Each subgroup's test materials were placed in separate glass beakers containing 100 mL of artificial saliva at 37°C in an incubator for 4 weeks. The required amount of salivary sample was drawn out of each beaker, and nickel release was analyzed independently on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES).

Results: 3M^TM crowns revealed a comparatively higher nickel release than KIDS crown^TM and DNTO^TM crowns.

Conclusion: The study concluded that both DNTO^TM and KIDS crown^TM showed measurable nickel release in comparison to 3M^TM crowns, and the nickel release from 3M^TM crowns was greater compared to the experimental groups.

Clinical significance: In terms of nickel release, KIDS crown and DNTO crowns are better compared to the standard 3M crowns.

How to cite this article: Rinu K, Paul ST, Reddy D, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Nickel Release from Three Commercially Available Stainless Steel Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S16-S21.

Purpose of the study: Pulpectomy has been a routine remedial endodontic procedure for treating a pulpally inflamed or infected deciduous tooth. The success of pulpectomy depends on thorough cleaning and shaping of the canals, complete debridement of the tissue remnants out of root canal spaces, and achieving a fluid-tight seal without any voids. Interestingly, the need for selection of a proper obturation technique collectively holds a major role in fulfilling various factors stated to be responsible for having a positive outcome. Hence, the purpose of the present research was to compare and assess the quality of obturation of various obturation techniques used in primary mandibular molars.

Materials and methods: A total of 128 root canals of 64 deciduous mandibular molar teeth were randomly allocated for obturation with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste using four primary teeth obturating techniques. The obturation quality was evaluated by scoring the extent of filling and the existence of voids. Intergroup comparison of the data was done using Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 7.58 ± 1.44 years (26 males and 22 females). The intergroup comparison of the obtained data subjected to statistical analysis using Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test revealed statistically significant results with p-value of 0.04 and 0.03 when group III was compared with groups I and IV, respectively.

Conclusion: NaviTip double side port system proved to be efficient in attaining both optimally filled as well as a homogeneous obturation without voids in primary mandibular molar teeth.

How to cite this article: Subbaraj S, Chenchugopal M, Elangovan A, et al. In Vivo Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Obturation Techniques in Primary Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1311-1317.

Aim: Dental anxiety is most prevalent during childhood and adolescence. It increases the decayed-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT), limits the provision of oral healthcare services, jeopardizes the dentist-patient relationship, decreases oral health quality of life, and negatively impacts psychosocial health. So the aim of the study is to assess salivary alpha amylase (SAA) levels when using audiovisual (AV) aids in children with varying dental anxiety.

Materials and methods: After obtaining the institutional ethical clearance, 60 children aged 4-12 years were considered for administration of local anesthesia for various dental procedures. They are divided into two groups of 30 each, based on the modified Venham picture test (MVPT). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and SAA levels of these children were correlated with the effect of the AV distraction method.

Results: Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed to compare the mean pre- and postoperative HR, BP levels, and SAA levels within the two groups, respectively. Statistically significant reduction (p = 0.000*) in the physiological parameters was noticed after using AV aids as a behavior modification technique in both groups.

Conclusion: Audiovisual aids are a useful adjunct to reduce anxiety and discomfort associated with the dental procedures in a pediatric dental clinic.

How to cite this article: Pala K, Mukthineni S, Shaik N, et al. Evaluation of Salivary Alpha Amylase as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Dental Apprehension in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1385-1389.

Background/objectives: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are considered the most common oral diseases that could be controlled by daily toothbrushing using a toothbrush. However, manual regular toothbrushing techniques may be performed incorrectly due to the inadequately developed motor skills of children. The new U-shaped toothbrush does not require as much control, and it is much easier to handle. Our objectives are to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal among three toothbrushes: Manual U-shaped toothbrush (U), battery-powered regular toothbrush (E), manual regular toothbrush (R), and the three above-mentioned to the control group (no brushing) (C).

Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH). A total of 56 participants (8-12-year-old) were randomly divided into the above-mentioned four groups. Two examiners conducted the study, where the first examiner was blinded to the type of toothbrush used, and was responsible for recording the full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) before and after brushing, while the second examiner was responsible for teaching children how to use the assigned toothbrush.

Results: For the FMPS means difference, a significant difference was found between the brushing groups (p < 0.001), post hoc testing showed statistically significant differences between (C) and (R) (p < 0.001), (C) and (E) (p < 0.001), (R) and (E) (p < 0.001), and (E) and (U) (p < 0.001), but not between (C) and (U) (p = 0.1229), or (R) and (U) (p = 0.1229).

Conclusion: The plaque removal efficiency was observed among (E), followed by (R), then (U) toothbrushes among children aged 8-12 years.

How to cite this article: Abdullah AM, Ainousa AM, Andijani BM, et al. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Different Types of Toothbrushes Among 8-12-year-old Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1318-1321.

Aim: This article is intended to aid clinicians in deciding on the use of nonpharmacological behavior guidance, moderate or deep sedation, and general anesthesia.

Background: Very often, clinicians are hesitant to use moderate sedation till the child is already displaying hysterical behavior. Moderate sedation is not intended to be used on a child displaying hysterical behavior. The clinician should be able to predictably and confidently decide on the use of various modes of child management for the presenting child behavior.

Technique: To successfully implement child management strategies, the clinician should be able to accurately classify the child's behavior on the dental chair using Frankl's behavior rating scale. The clinician should also classify the length of the procedure intended. Based on these two criteria, the clinician can choose the appropriate behavior management strategy.

Conclusion: The appropriate behavior guidance technique should not be arbitrary. It should be based on sound fundamentals of scientific knowledge.

How to cite this article: Rao A, Rodrigues SJ, Nuvvula S, et al. Conscious Sedation: Decision-making in the Borderline Cases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S113-S116.

Background: Effective management of dental anxiety is essential for successful behavior guidance and ensuring a positive dental experience. Emotional responses such as stress and anxiety trigger ectodermal changes that increase the skin's electrical conductivity. This physiological response can be objectively measured using galvanic skin response (GSR).

Aim: Comparison of different music therapy techniques in alleviating anxiety in 6-10-year-old children during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection using GSR measuring ectodermal activity.

Materials and methods: Sixty children aged 6-10 years, requiring IANB, were divided into three groups: group A (white noise), group B (binaural beats), and group C [Gayatri mantra (GM)], with 20 participants each. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), while postoperative using the visual analog scale (VAS). GSR, pulse rate (PR), and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were recorded both pre- and postoperatively to evaluate the efficacy of each intervention.

Result: Preoperatively, no significant differences were observed in the anxiety scores among the three study groups (p > 0.0). In the postoperative phase, groups B and C exhibited significantly lower VAS scores compared to group A. Additionally, group C showed a notable reduction in GSR levels postoperatively when compared to both groups A and B. Significant reductions in mean GSR were observed from preoperative to postoperative measurements across all study groups. There were no notable differences in PR or SpO₂ among the three groups before and after surgery, with all comparisons yielding p-values > 0.05.

Conclusions: Managing dental procedures in anxious pediatric patients presents a significant challenge. Findings from this study suggest that music-based distraction techniques can effectively reduce anxiety and stress levels in children undergoing dental treatment.

How to cite this article: Arora P, Gupta S, Malik M, et al. Galvanic Skin Response as a Measure of Anxiety: A Comparative Evaluation of Gayatri Mantra Chanting and Conventional Music Therapy in 6-10-year-old Children during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1358-1364.

Aim and background: The use of articaine is well documented in children aged 4 years and above. However, there is a paucity of data concerning its use in children younger than 4 years of age. This study observed the type and severity of adverse events (AEs) that could occur with the use of 4% articaine with 1:1,00,000 epinephrine for supraperiosteal injections in children below 4 years of age.

Materials and methods: About 30 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria, requiring supraperiosteal injections for procedures in posterior primary teeth, were observed postinjection of the drug. The procedures that followed the drug administration were classified as "simple" or "complex." The "type and severity" of the AEs observed were documented according to the methodology by Kalenderian. The World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) scale was utilized for the "causality" assessment of the drug. The "preventability" of the AEs was assessed using the modified Schumock and Thornton scale. AEs occurring in "<5 minutes," "until 60 minutes," and "up to 24 hours" were recorded. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were done using Pearson's Chi-squared test, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Three children (23.1%) reported pain in the observation time interval "until 60 minutes". These children had undergone procedures that were classified as "complex." The p-value was 0.037, which was statistically significant. The AE was categorized as "E1," which stands for "temporary mild harm to the patient" according to the Kalenderian methodology. The causality term chosen for the AE was "unlikely," and the AE was classified as "probably preventable."

Conclusion: The findings of this study, within the sample size studied, did not find any AE directly linked to 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:1,00,000 epinephrine during supraperiosteal injections in children below 4 years of age.

Clinical significance: Articaine is not advocated for clinical use in children below 4 years of age. This study addresses the important clinical question of "whether articaine can be safely used in children under 4 years of age for supraperiosteal injections?"

How to cite this article: Ananthu H, Rao AP, Kamath A, et al. Adverse Events of 4% Articaine in Children below 4 Years of Age: An Observational Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1322-1326.

Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of a protective coating (G-Coat Plus) on the fluoride release of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (GIC and RMGIC) in primary molars.

Methods: A total of 120 extracted primary molars were randomly divided into four subgroups (n = 30) based on the restorative material and application of protective coating: group A-conventional GIC without G-Coat Plus; group B-conventional GIC with G-Coat Plus; group C-RMGIC without G-Coat Plus; and group D-RMGIC with G-Coat Plus. Fluoride release was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, and 21 days using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and a digital ion analyzer.

Results: Conventional GIC with G-Coat Plus showed a significant reduction in the initial burst and mean fluoride release up to day 7, comparable release at day 14, and significantly higher release on day 21 compared to conventional GIC without coating. RMGIC with G-Coat Plus demonstrated significantly reduced fluoride release at all time intervals (days 1-7, 14, and 21) compared to RMGIC without coating. Overall, uncoated GIC and RMGIC exhibited significantly higher fluoride release at all measured intervals.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the application of a protective coating (G-Coat Plus) did not completely inhibit fluoride release from GICs. Instead, it significantly reduced the initial burst and resulted in a gradual decline in fluoride release up to the 21st day.

How to cite this article: Arthilakshmi CU, Vishnurekha C, Baghkomeh PN, et al. Influence of Nano-filled Surface Coating on Fluoride Release Patterns of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1305-1310.