International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Aim: This randomized, parallel-group study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acupressure using the Aculief device compared to xylitol solution in minimizing pain perception during the delivery of local anesthesia (LA) in patients aged 6-9 years.

Methods: Fifty-four children were randomly allocated to either the Aculief group (n = 27) or the xylitol group (n = 27). In the Aculief group, the device was applied to the LI4 acupoint for 3 minutes before giving LA. In the xylitol group, participants received 2 mL of a 30% xylitol solution applied to the side of the tongue over a 2-minute period. Pain perception was recorded utilizing the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, while pulse rate and SpO₂ were measured both before and after the treatment.

Results: Within the Aculief group, significant differences were observed in mean pulse rate, respiratory rate, and pain scores. In the xylitol group, only pain scores demonstrated a significant difference. Intergroup analysis revealed significant differences in mean pulse rate, SpO₂, and pain scores, but not in respiratory rate.

Conclusion: These results suggest that acupressure using the Aculief device may be more effective than xylitol solution in managing pain and physiological responses during LA administration in pediatric dental patients.

How to cite this article: Pathivada L, Baidya D, Garg N, et al. Evaluating the Impact of Acupressure and Xylitol Solutions on Reducing Pain Perception in Children Undergoing Local Anesthesia Administration. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1448-1453.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the microleakage of nanoformulated and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) under simulated aging.

Materials and methods: Nanoformulated GIC was synthesized by incorporating chitosan-titanium-zirconia-hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles into GIC powder at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%. The materials were characterized using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A total of forty freshly extracted, sound permanent molar teeth were selected for the study and divided into four groups: Group I (3% nanoformulated GIC), group II (5% nanoformulated GIC), group III (10% nanoformulated GIC), and group IV (conventional GIC). Standardized class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surfaces, restored, and subjected to thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds in a water bath. To prevent dye penetration, root apices were sealed, and all tooth surfaces-except the restoration and a 1 mm margin around it-were coated with two layers of nail varnish. The specimens were then immersed in a 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Following immersion, the teeth were sectioned mesiodistally, and the extent of microleakage was assessed under a stereomicroscope using a predefined scoring system. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni test.

Results: The least microleakage was observed in the 5% and 10% nanoformulated GIC groups, with no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.699). The 3% nanoformulated GIC and the conventional GIC (control group) exhibited similar performance, with no significant difference. However, compared to the control group, both 5% and 10% nanoformulated GICs showed superior results, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that incorporating nanotechnology is a valuable approach to enhancing the clinical performance of GIC. 5% and 10% nanoformulated GIC containing Ch-Ti-Zr-HA demonstrates significant potential as a restorative material, offering microleakage resistance superior to conventional GIC.

How to cite this article: Alex A, Paulraj J, Ngoubinah Pretty TM, et al. Comparative Assessment of Microleakage in Nanoformulated and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement under Simulated Aging: A Stereomicroscopic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1471-1477.

Administering local anesthesia (LA) in children is a critical aspect of minimizing pain and anxiety during medical and dental procedures. However, the prolonged postanesthetic numbness often poses unique challenges in children, leading to several problems. This review highlights pediatric anesthesia management by investigating the application of photobiomodulation (PBM) for the efficient and safe reversal of LA effects. PBM, a low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has gained momentum of late for its therapeutic potential in various dental applications. Emphasizing the safety and noninvasiveness of PBM, the optimal parameters, including wavelength, energy density, and duration, tailored to the unique requirements of pediatric patients, are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the psychosocial aspects of pediatric anesthesia reversal using PBM, considering the potential impact on anxiety levels, postprocedural discomfort, and overall patient cooperation, are addressed. This review explores the promising landscape of utilizing PBM to revolutionize pediatric postanesthetic care, contributing to a paradigm shift in recovery of even the youngest members of our patient population.

How to cite this article: Meharwade P, Mothi P, Honakeri KS, et al. From Numbness to Comfort: Pioneering Pediatric Anesthesia Reversal with Photobiomodulation. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1526-1529.

Aims and background: The increasing prevalence of dental caries highlights the need for effective diagnostic tools. Advances in e-learning and hybrid methods offer promising solutions to improve dental education and assessment. The study aimed to assess which learning method (e-learning, tutorial, and a combination of both) garnered a better response among clinical dental students for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS).

Materials and methods: A sample of 90 dental students in the third, fourth, and final years of their dental education was selected to take part in the study, which was conducted in three phases. The learners were requested to answer a set of 15 questions given in a booklet, following which they were grouped into three groups (I, II, and III) by randomization: Group I (e-learning), group II (tutorial), and group III (e-learning + tutorial). Three weeks later, the groups were re-evaluated using the same set of questions. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare pre- and posttest scores across the three learning groups.

Results: On comparing the three groups, there appears to be a substantial difference among all three groups, with group III showing a better significance than groups I and II.

Conclusion: Though the use of all three learning strategies showed an improved performance by the dental students, it was the use of a combination of e-learning and tutorial that produced a better outcome compared to the other two.

Clinical significance: Blended learning enhances dental students' proficiency in ICDAS and ICCMS, emphasizing its efficacy in clinical education.

How to cite this article: Sriram S, Perumal S, Nirmal L, et al. Impact of Teaching Strategies on Caries Detection and Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1466-1470.

Aim: To quantitatively evaluate aquaporin 5 (AQP5) levels in the saliva of children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and compare them with those having normally mineralized teeth with dental caries and normally mineralized teeth. Also, to check the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in the incidence pattern.

Methodology: A total of 75 children aged 6-12 years from Chennai, India, were divided equally into three groups: MIH, normally mineralized teeth with dental caries, and normally mineralized teeth. Saliva samples were collected using the passive pooling and analyzed for AQP5 levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software.

Results: Aquaporin 5 levels in children with MIH were (0.808 ± 0.997 ng/mL), followed by those with normally mineralized teeth with dental caries (1.252 ± 0.2468 ng/mL) and normally mineralized teeth without dental caries (2.056 ± 0.3489 ng/mL). On intergroup comparison among groups A and B, A and C, and B and C were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). SES showed a significant correlation with the prevalence of MIH and dental caries, with MIH being more common in lower-income groups.

Conclusion: Molar incisor hypomineralization and dental caries are multifactorial conditions impacting children's oral health. Future research should explore how crystallization of the enamel matrix affects them. Gene polymorphisms of AQP5, along with other genes, should be assessed to improve diagnostic approaches.

How to cite this article: Subramani S, Sekar R, Bottu K, et al. Evaluation of AQP5 in Hypomineralized Teeth in Comparison to Normal Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1478-1482.

Aims and background: A pulpectomy in primary teeth is considered successful when there are no clinical symptoms or radiographic evidence of pathology. Outcomes vary due to multiple influencing factors, and comprehensive long-term evidence remains limited. This systematic review evaluates pulpectomy success over long-term follow-ups and identifies risk factors for failure.

Methods: An electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Cochrane from January, 1990 to December 30, 2024. Different keywords were employed in various combinations during the search process to find all possible articles focused on our subject. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB 2.0) was employed for evaluating randomized controlled trials, whereas observational studies were assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.

Results: A total of 360 articles were reviewed, and only 12 satisfied the inclusion requirements. The success rate of pulpectomy ranged between 38.5% and 96.2% over 5 years. The minimum amount of preoperative root resorption and adequate length of root canal filling material are the common factors associated with the success of pulpectomy. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Endoflas success rate were 90% and 71% or less for iodoform after 18 months of evaluation.

Conclusion: Factors associated with the success of pulpectomy were an absence of preoperative periapical lesions, minimal preoperative root resorption, adequate root canal filling, and the type of postendodontic restoration. The factors associated with pulpectomy failure were the presence of a periapical lesion, preoperative swelling, fistula, pulpectomy performed in trauma cases, and inadequate quality of the root filling. Age, gender, tooth position, treatment modality, and number of appointments did not significantly affect pulpectomy.

Clinical significance: This systematic review holds significant clinical value as it enhances treatment predictability, minimizes failures, and supports the preservation of primary teeth, ultimately benefiting pediatric oral health.

How to cite this article: Kendre SB, Bhatane AU, Kale YJ, et al. Factors Affecting Success and Failure of Pulpectomy in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1530-1540.

Aim and background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic condition affecting a majority of the pediatric population, leading to functional and esthetic concerns. It often leads to gross destruction of the anterior teeth, which are difficult to restore and rehabilitate. To overcome this, prefabricated pediatric zirconia crowns have been recently introduced. However, it warrants prior rehabilitation with a post and core in many cases, which poses difficulty in terms of increased chairside time and cooperation of the child. The aim of this article is to report a case of esthetic rehabilitation of grossly destructed upper anterior teeth using two types of post and cores with zirconia crowns.

Case description: With digital dentistry growing at its peak, the current case utilizes intraoral scanning and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology to rehabilitate mutilated primary anterior teeth with monoblock prosthetic design on one side and conventional fiber post and core build-up followed by a customized zirconia crown on the other side.

Conclusion: Customized zirconia crowns with a built-in post offer an easy and effective solution for esthetic rehabilitation of badly broken-down teeth.

Clinical significance: Customized zirconia crowns have shown to offer superior esthetics and decreased chairside time, thus facilitating better clinical results and patient cooperation.

How to cite this article: Budia S, Rathi N, Patil L, et al. Rehabilitation of Mutilated Primary Anterior Teeth with Monoblock Prosthetic Design in Children: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1498-1503.

Background: Oral habits are repetitive actions involving the oral cavity that can impact dental development. Persistent habits beyond the usual age have been considered deleterious and are likely to affect the development of the craniofacial complex adversely. Among the potential consequences, malocclusion stands out as a prevalent issue. This study seeks to evaluate the relationship between oral habits and malocclusion, enhancing treatment and prevention strategies.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of oral habits and malocclusion and to identify the differences in treatment needs between those with and without oral habits.

Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months at a dental educational institute. A prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect history from parents of pediatric dental patients regarding oral habits (tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, and thumb-sucking). In children with positive histories, the habit's presence was confirmed through clinical assessment and diagnostic tests. Malocclusion diagnosis and severity assessment were done following Federation Dentaire Internationale guidelines and using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), respectively. Collected data were analyzed statistically with SPSS version 21 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois).

Results: The prevalence of deleterious habits and malocclusion among the studied sample was 13.2% and 46.2%, respectively. All children (100%) with oral habits (group H) showed malocclusion, while only 46.8% of those without habits (group N) did. IOTN scores significantly differ between groups H and N, showing greater treatment needs in children with habits (p = 0.000). Objective treatment needs (grades V and IV) occurred in 31.6% of children with habits and 2.4% without. Borderline needs (grade III) were noted in 47.4% of children with habits, compared to 2% without. A total of 10.5% of children with habits and 8.7% without reported little need (grade II). Only 10.5% of those with habits and 33.7% without showed no need (grade I).

Conclusion: Within the study's limitations, a higher prevalence of malocclusion with more significant treatment needs is observed in children with deleterious oral habits compared with children who had no habits. Thus, we can assume that environmental factors can play a vast role in the development of malocclusion.

How to cite this article: Satti AS, Samudrala P, Sankar AJS, et al. Impact of Oral Habits on Malocclusion in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Dental Educational Institute-based Cross-sectional Observational Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1483-1488.

Aim and background: Long-term use of chlorhexidine as an antibacterial mouthwash has been associated with several adverse effects. 80% of the population in developing countries relies on traditional medicines and natural products to meet their primary healthcare needs. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of herbal extracts and to compare their effectiveness with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse.

Methods: The herbal extracts used were Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), a mixture of Emblica Officinalis, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia belericia (triphala), and Aloe Barbadensis Miller (aloe vera). Blood agar plates were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans, and inhibition zones were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C.

Results: Chlorhexidine exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, followed by tulsi, triphala, and aloe vera. The mean inhibition zone diameters (in mm) were 22.33 ± 0.8, 11 ± 0.603, 8.6 ± 0.77, and 8 ± 0.6, respectively.Intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant differences (p = 0.00), favoring chlorhexidine over the herbal extracts. Intragroup analysis also showed significant differences (p = 0.00), with tulsi demonstrating the highest antibacterial activity among the herbal extracts, followed by triphala and aloe vera.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all tested herbal extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against S. mutans. However, chlorhexidine showed the highest efficacy. Among the herbal extracts, tulsi demonstrated the most potent antibacterial activity, followed by triphala, while aloe vera exhibited the least effectiveness.

Clinical significance: As the plant extracts demonstrated a notable efficacy in inhibiting the proliferation of oral bacteria, this suggests that these extracts could be formulated into an herbal antibacterial mouth rinse option suitable for individuals seeking herbal alternatives.

How to cite this article: Singh D, Rao A, Saralaya V, et al. Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Tulsi, Triphala, and Aloe Vera against Streptococcus mutans Relative to Chlorhexidine. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1437-1442.

Aim and background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multisystem hamartomas. Oral manifestations in the form of gingival enlargement, enamel pitting, and fibromas are a common finding. The most common form of fibromas reported in these patients has been angiofibromas, predominantly located on the anterior gingival mucosa. Here, we report a case of an intraoral giant cell fibroma, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported to date.

Case description: A 12-year-old girl, prediagnosed with TSC, presented with a soft tissue swelling originating from the interdental papilla between the left mandibular permanent lateral incisor and canine. An excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis was carried out.

Conclusion: A final diagnosis of a giant cell fibroma was made. No evidence of lesion recurrence was reported at the end of a 1-year follow-up.

Clinical significance: Differential diagnosis of a giant cell fibroma can be considered in patients with TSC presenting with intraoral fibrous lesions. Timely interventions will help improve the oral health-related quality of life of these patients.

How to cite this article: D'souza OK, Naik R, Dukle S, et al. Intraoral Giant Cell Fibroma in a Young Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Report of a Rare Occurrence. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1504-1506.