International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health issue that require effective preventive strategies. Pomegranate, rich in antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as a dietary intervention for ECC prevention.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of pomegranate in reducing ECC, improving salivary pH, and enhancing oral health over 12 months.

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled study included 500 children aged 3-6 years, who were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group consumed pomegranate extract, while the control group received standard oral hygiene education. Dental examinations assessed Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores and salivary pH at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Statistical analyses included paired and unpaired t-tests for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, and regression analysis to evaluate predictors of caries reduction and salivary pH changes. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in caries activity (p < 0.001) and a notable increase in salivary pH compared to the control group (p < 0.01). These results suggest that pomegranate consumption contributed to a marked improvement in oral health. Regression analysis indicated that pomegranate intake was a strong predictor of these positive outcomes, highlighting its potential as an effective natural supplement for improving oral health and reducing ECC.

Conclusion: Pomegranate consumption proved to be an effective dietary intervention to reduce ECC and improve salivary pH. Long-term studies are needed for broader validation.

How to cite this article: Ramesh R, Syam S. Effectiveness of Pomegranate as a Dietary Intervention for Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Randomized Control Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(1):47-54.

Aims and background: To describe the protocol for the use of portable stereophotogrammetry equipment for the acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) facial images in children during the first years of life.

Materials and methods: The images were acquired using a portable stereophotogrammetry equipment (Vectra H2®). Three consecutive images were captured, starting on the right, front, and left sides of the child participant. One operator took three facial images, while another operator attracted the child's attention with a toy/children's video. After the facial captures, the software rendered the three images automatically or manually.

Results: Initially, 52 3D photographs of the participants were taken, 14 of them of children without craniofacial anomalies and 38 of children with craniofacial anomalies. The children's age ranged from 22 days to 27 months.

Conclusion: The protocol for the use of portable stereophotogrammetry equipment in children during the first years of life helps the professional in the proper positioning and management for the acquisition of 3D facial images, in addition to allowing standardization both for future studies and for use during clinical care.

Clinical significance: Knowledge about the craniofacial development of children in early childhood is critical for diagnosis and clinical practice throughout childhood growth.

How to cite this article: Quagliato DR, Mello-Peixoto YCT, Ambrosio ECP, et al. Protocol for the Use of Stereophotogrammetry Three-dimensional System in Children during the First Years of Life. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(1):127-131.

Background: Pit and fissure sealants are a cornerstone in caries prevention, particularly in individuals with high susceptibility. Conventional resin-based sealants exhibit drawbacks such as polymerization shrinkage, microleakage, and biofilm accumulation, which may compromise their longevity and effectiveness. Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer, has demonstrated antimicrobial, remineralization, and mucoadhesive properties, making it a promising additive to enhance sealant performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating 2% chitosan microparticles into a resin-based pit and fissure sealant on its mechanical and rheological properties.

Materials and methods: This in vitro study categorized samples into two groups: Group I (chitosan-modified sealant) and group II (conventional resin-based sealant). Each group was subdivided to evaluate flexural strength (IA, IIA), shear bond strength (IB, IIB), and viscosity (IC, IIC). Mechanical properties were assessed using a universal testing machine, while viscosity was determined using a rheometer. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 16.0, with independent t-tests applied to compare differences between groups, and significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: The incorporation of 2% chitosan significantly enhanced the shear bond strength of the modified sealant (92.19 MPa) compared to the conventional counterpart (59.80 MPa) (p < 0.05), suggesting improved adhesion and retention. The viscosity of group I (2280.55 mPa.s) was significantly lower than that of group II (4166.27 mPa.s) (p <0.001), indicating superior flowability, which may enhance fissure penetration and longevity. However, the flexural strength of the modified sealant (49.34 MPa) was significantly lower than that of the conventional sealant (67.8 MPa) (p < 0.001), potentially due to the absence of silanization, which is known to reinforce mechanical properties.

Conclusion: The incorporation of 2% chitosan into resin-based sealants resulted in superior shear bond strength and reduced viscosity, indicating potential clinical advantages such as enhanced retention and improved caries prevention. However, the reduction in flexural strength warrants further investigation. Future research should explore the effects of silanization and assess the long-term clinical performance of chitosan-modified sealants in vivo.

How to cite this article: Kumar N, Shetty K, Nair MR. Evaluation of the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of a Chitosan-modified Pit and Fissure Sealant: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(1):34-39.

Background: Pediatric dental anxiety requires reposeful approaches. Aromatherapy offers a gentle solution for childhood anxiety, promoting relaxation and calmness.

Aim: To assess and compare the effectiveness of aromatherapy with music and visual distraction techniques in the treatment of anxious pediatric dental patients.

Materials and methods: This study sought to determine the impact of aromatherapy on children's anxiety levels during dental procedures. Forty-five children, aged 4-9 years, who were there for their first dental appointment, were part of the study. Three groups (group I: Aromatherapy combined with audiodistraction, group II: Aromatherapy mixed with audiovisual distraction, and group III: Control group) were randomly assigned to the samples. For every child, pretreatment baseline anxiety was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), which was followed by restorative treatment. Using the faces, legs, activity, cry, and consolability scale (FLACC), procedural pain was evaluated. Version 23.0 of SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical analysis after the data were entered into a spreadsheet.

Result: A significant difference in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was observed among anxiety scores in groups I and II compared to the control. When the FLACC scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, the values were significantly lower in groups I and II compared to the control group.

Conclusion: A mixture of visual or auditory distraction, aromatherapy, or both may be used as behavior management strategies to help the child feel more comfortable and to make the dental appointment pleasant for the patient, parent, and dentist.

How to cite this article: Bagaria R, Mathur R, Rathore AS, et al. Effect of Aromatherapy in Combination with Relaxation Music and Visual Distraction on Pediatric Dental Patients' Anxiety. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(1):29-33.

Background: Ginger is a natural herbal extract that has many medicinal properties. It has been found that it has the presence of calcium and fluoride content. There is minimal evidence in the literature assessing the remineralization potential of ginger extracts; hence, the present systematic review was planned.

Aim: This systematic review assesses the effect of ginger extracts on the remineralization of white spot lesions.

Methodology: Database search was done using PubMed, SCOPUS, LILIAC, Google Scholar, and from January, 2000 to August, 2024. The studies assessing the remineralization effects of ginger by evaluating the change in mineral content, surface hardness, and color were included for review. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Meta-analysis was done using RevMan 5.4 software. Cochran's test was used to assess heterogeneity, and the pooled effect estimate was calculated by the random effects model.

Results: A total of 578 articles were screened, of which five full-text studies met the eligibility criteria. Among these, two studies were classified as having a low risk of bias, while three were identified as having a high risk of bias. Two studies evaluating microhardness were included in the meta-analysis, which revealed that the ginger groups demonstrated a greater improvement in microhardness compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Ginger can potentially be an alternative remineralization agent for white spot lesions.

Clinical significance: This review addresses the effectiveness of ginger extracts as a natural alternative in remineralizing white spot lesions.

How to cite this article: Kannan S, Thoppe Dhamodharan YK, Ravichandran H, et al. Effect of Ginger Extracts in Remineralization of White Spot Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1512-1516.

Aim: Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a slow-growing, rare lesion that arises from the odontogenic epithelium. It predominantly involves the bone that supports teeth and exhibits different levels of inductive alterations within the connective tissue.

Case description: A 10-year-old female presented with a missing lower left front tooth since birth. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed an odontogenic neoplasm with respect to the retained deciduous teeth. Under local anesthesia, enucleation of the lesion was carried out followed by application of Carnoy's solution. The diagnosis of AOT was established based on histopathological examination. Two-year follow-up orthopantomograms (OPG) revealed good healing with no signs of recurrence, and permanent successors had successfully erupted.

Conclusion: The methodology employed in this study ensured nonrecurrence of the lesion and facilitated the successful eruption of the impacted teeth. Although the recurrence rate was relatively low, the need for periodic follow-up cannot be overstated.

Clinical significance: Early diagnosis and conservative surgical management of AOT are crucial to prevent complications and ensure proper eruption of permanent teeth. The use of adjunctive therapy like Carnoy's solution may aid in minimizing recurrence, highlighting the importance of regular follow-up.

How to cite this article: Priya K, Shetty YR, Saha S, et al. Carnoy's Solution for the Management of a Pediatric Patient with Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor: A Case Report with 2-year Follow-up. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1507-1511.

Purpose: Fluoride is essential for protecting the teeth from dental caries. The combined use of lasers with fluoride is being explored to increase the fluoride uptake of the tooth after topical fluoride application. The present research aimed to assess the efficacy of diode laser irradiation in enhancing fluoride uptake in primary teeth enamel following topical fluoride application.

Methods: A total of 14 primary teeth (70 enamel slabs) were selected for the study. From each primary tooth, five enamel slabs were made and were put randomly into five different groups, that is, group I: control (no treatment), group II: NaF varnish (sodium fluoride), group III: SDF (silver diamine fluoride), group IV: NaF varnish with laser irradiation, and group V: SDF with laser irradiation. NaF varnish (5%) and SDF (38%) were topically applied in groups II and III, respectively, without laser irradiation, while in groups IV and V diode laser was used following NaF varnish (5%) and SDF (38%) application, respectively. Fluoride content was measured in all groups using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. Results were analyzed using the t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Bonferroni corrections.

Results: Increased fluoride content was found in groups II, III, IV, and V in comparison to group I. Higher fluoride content was noted in NaF varnish with laser irradiation and SDF with laser irradiation groups in contrast to NaF varnish and SDF groups, respectively; however, the difference between NaF varnish and NaF varnish with laser irradiation groups as well as between SDF and SDF with laser irradiation groups was statistically insignificant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The SDF with laser application group was found to be the most effective in increasing the fluoride content of the enamel, and the sequence of effectiveness is as follows: SDF with laser application > SDF ≥ NaF with laser application > NaF > control. Therefore, more in vitro and in vivo studies need to be conducted to evaluate the combined use of lasers and topical fluoride.

How to cite this article: Bhati V, Srivastava VK. Effect of Laser Irradiation on Fluoride Uptake in Primary Teeth Treated with 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride or 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1418-1425.

Aim: To evaluate tooth discoloration after the use of different antibiotic pastes and to examine the effect of intracoronal bleaching on discolored crown.

Materials and methods: Single-rooted maxillary central incisors were collected and sectioned to obtain a standardized root length of 10 mm above the facial cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The specimens were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 11 for each group)-Group A: No filling (control group); Group B: triple antibiotic paste (TAP) with minocycline (MINO); Group C: TAP with doxycycline; Group D: TAP with amoxicillin; and Group E: TAP with clindamycin (CLIN).Spectrophotometric readings were obtained on the buccal surfaces of the crown. Color changes (ΔE) were recorded after 4 weeks, then the antibiotic pastes were removed, and an internal bleaching treatment was performed. After bleaching treatment, color changes (ΔE) were measured. The quantitative variables were evaluated using an unpaired t-test. The qualitative variables were compared using the Chi-square test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for analysis.

Result: From baseline (preshade) to 1 month, the greatest discoloration occurred with the triple-antibiotic combination, followed by the amoxicillin-doxycycline combination, and the least discoloration occurred in the CLIN group; these differences were statistically significant. After 1 week of placement of the bleaching agent, when compared to baseline, the color change was statistically significant in all groups except CLIN.

Conclusion: The discoloration caused by the TAP with MINO showed greater whitening compared to the TAP with doxycycline and amoxicillin groups. The least color change was seen in the antibiotic combination with CLIN group.

How to cite this article: Kaur A, Srivastava H, Raisingani D, et al. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Intracoronal Bleaching on Crown Discoloration Induced by Various Antibiotic Pastes: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1443-1447.

Aim and background: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities affecting the brain, skin, and eyes. The condition presents significant medical and developmental challenges, often requiring multidisciplinary management to address its complex medical and dental manifestations.

Case description: This case report highlights the oral rehabilitation of a 9-year-old male child diagnosed with SWS under general anesthesia (GA), emphasizing a holistic and structured treatment plan. The child presented with characteristic traits of SWS, comprising port-wine stains (PWS), episodes of seizures, developmental delays, behavioral and psychological issues, along with dental abnormalities. Team collaboration, along with integrated dental treatments, effectively addressed these challenges.

Conclusion: This report expands the existing understanding of SWS management, showcasing the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary strategy in addressing the complex needs of individuals with the condition.

Clinical significance: The limited research on SWS highlights the need for documenting rare cases to improve knowledge and refine treatment approaches. Sharing effective management strategies enables clinicians to provide better care for individuals with this uncommon condition.

How to cite this article: Zacharias L, Dutta K, Shetty V. Multidisciplinary Approach to Comprehensive Dental Care in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1493-1497.

Background: Toothbrushes are crucial for oral hygiene, but improper storage and maintenance can lead to contamination, posing risks of dental and systemic diseases. Educating children and parents on proper toothbrush care is essential to prevent contamination and promote good oral health.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge on toothbrush use and storage among parents and children, educate on proper management, evaluate the microbial load and storage site relationship, and assess the outcome of an educational program on toothbrush practices.

Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 children (7-9 years) and their parents in three phases: baseline knowledge assessment, microbial load analysis of used toothbrushes, and evaluation of an educational program's effectiveness through a follow-up survey.

Results: The study found a significant reduction in microbial load on toothbrushes and improvement in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding proper toothbrush use and storage among children and parents after the educational intervention.

Conclusion: Educational programs can significantly improve knowledge and attitudes toward proper toothbrush use and storage. Dentists play a crucial role in promoting good oral hygiene practices, and regular toothbrush disinfection is essential for preventing infections and maintaining overall health.

Clinical significance: This study highlights the importance of proper toothbrush storage and maintenance in preventing contamination and promoting oral and systemic health, particularly through targeted education for parents and children.

How to cite this article: Shaban PA, Pai KR, KP ML, et al. Evaluation of Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention Program on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Use and Storage of Toothbrush among Parents and Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1426-1430.