Trees, Forests and People最新文献_第2页

Modeling structural attributes and carbon stock in subtropical wooded savannas using machine learning and multi-source data 基于机器学习和多源数据的亚热带稀树草原结构属性和碳储量建模

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101187

Andrés Baietto , Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo , Carolina Toranza , Patricia Brussa , Matías Mañana , Mauricio Bonifacino , Andrés Hirigoyen

Savannas are significant global carbon sinks that are increasingly threatened by land-use change. In Uruguay, subtropical wooded savannas cover approximately 100,000 ha and are the focus of conservation and climate change mitigation efforts. In this context, assessing woody species structure and carbon stock is important for the sustainable management of this ecosystem. This study integrates a global canopy height model (CHM), satellite-based multispectral data, and a global soil dataset to model diameter at breast height (DBH), mean height (H), maximum height (MAXH), and above-ground carbon stock (AGC) of woody species from subtropical wooded savannas using machine learning algorithms. Data from 64 plots of the National Forest Inventory of Uruguay were employed to train and validate four algorithms: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Height-related variables were primarily influenced by CHM features, whereas DBH and AGC required a complementary combination of data from all sources. The nested spatial 10-fold cross-validation showed that RF outperformed for DBH (R² = 0.44, RMSE = 2.80 cm), H (R² = 0.59, RMSE = 0.53 m), and AGC (R² = 0.51, RMSE = 8.71 Mg ha^-1), whereas GBM performed best for MAXH (R² = 0.59, RMSE = 0.97 m). Nationwide maps revealed a right-skewed distribution of all variables, reflecting the predominance of small trees, possibly due to historical disturbances. The present results provide a valuable baseline for defining conservation strategies, monitoring ecosystem changes, and promoting the sustainable management of subtropical wooded savannas as carbon sinks.

稀树草原是全球重要的碳汇，但日益受到土地利用变化的威胁。在乌拉圭，亚热带热带稀树大草原面积约为10万公顷，是保护和减缓气候变化工作的重点。在此背景下，评估木本物种结构和碳储量对该生态系统的可持续管理具有重要意义。本研究结合全球冠层高度模型（CHM）、卫星多光谱数据和全球土壤数据集，利用机器学习算法模拟亚热带热带稀树草原木本物种胸径（DBH）、平均高度(H)、最大高度（MAXH）和地上碳储量（AGC）。利用乌拉圭国家森林资源调查64个样地的数据，对随机森林（RF）、支持向量机（SVM）、梯度增强机（GBM）和k近邻（KNN）四种算法进行了训练和验证。高度相关变量主要受CHM特征的影响，而胸径和AGC需要所有来源数据的互补组合。嵌套空间10倍交叉验证结果表明，RF在胸径（R2 = 0.44, RMSE = 2.80 cm）、H （R2 = 0.59, RMSE = 0.53 m）和AGC （R2 = 0.51, RMSE = 8.71 Mg ha-1）上表现较好，而GBM在MAXH （R2 = 0.59, RMSE = 0.97 m）上表现最好。全国范围内的地图显示出所有变量的右偏分布，反映出小树的优势，这可能是由于历史的干扰。本研究结果为确定保护策略、监测生态系统变化和促进亚热带热带稀树草原碳汇的可持续管理提供了有价值的基线。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting socioeconomic drivers of deforestation in Murree forest region, Pakistan using statistical inference and machine learning approach 使用统计推断和机器学习方法预测巴基斯坦Murree森林地区森林砍伐的社会经济驱动因素

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101195

Muhammad Safdar Hussain , John W. Groninger , Kofi Akamani

Rapid deforestation in Pakistan poses severe environmental challenges, threatening the fragile ecosystem, altering the hydrological cycle, intensifying the risk of flash flooding and contributing to climate change. The socioeconomic drivers of deforestation in Pakistan, particularly in mixed state and community forest landscapes, remain poorly understood. This study investigates the socioeconomic drivers of deforestation in the Murree Forest Region, Pakistan using statistical inference and machine learning models: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression. Descriptive statistics revealed that a total of 84.3 % of respondents were landholders in Murree, with Business (43.8 %) and Government employment (32.7 %) as primary sources of income. Approximately 72.5 % of respondents collect 1–25 kg of fuelwood daily, while 2.4 % collect >90 kg of fuelwood per day. Logistic regression identified fuelwood collection, inadequate education, forest fire, proximity to forest, and illegal logging as perceived major drivers of deforestation (p< 0.001). Moderation analysis indicated that education did not change the perceived effect of fuelwood on deforestation. Machine learning models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with SVM achieving the best performance. Feature importance analysis consistently identified illegal logging, forest fire, livelihood dependence, proximity to forest, and poor governance as the most influential predictors. These findings highlight that the hybrid analytical approach enhanced the accuracy of identifying the perceived drivers of deforestation. This approach may be used to inform community and government-centered interventions aimed to mitigate deforestation by addressing perceptions regarding forest use and deforestation.

巴基斯坦迅速的森林砍伐带来了严峻的环境挑战，威胁到脆弱的生态系统，改变了水文循环，加剧了山洪暴发的风险，并助长了气候变化。巴基斯坦森林砍伐的社会经济驱动因素，特别是在国家和社区混合森林景观中，仍然知之甚少。本研究利用统计推理和机器学习模型：支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）和Logistic回归，研究了巴基斯坦Murree森林地区森林砍伐的社会经济驱动因素。描述性统计数据显示，共有84.3%的受访者是Murree的土地所有者，商业（43.8%）和政府工作（32.7%）是主要收入来源。大约72.5%的受访者每天收集1-25公斤薪材，而2.4%的受访者每天收集90公斤薪材。Logistic回归发现，薪材收集、教育不足、森林火灾、靠近森林和非法采伐是森林砍伐的主要驱动因素（p< 0.001）。适度分析表明，教育并没有改变薪柴对森林砍伐的影响。机器学习模型表现出较强的预测性能，其中SVM的预测性能最好。特征重要性分析一致认为，非法采伐、森林火灾、生计依赖、靠近森林和治理不善是最具影响力的预测因素。这些发现突出表明，混合分析方法提高了识别森林砍伐驱动因素的准确性。这种方法可用于告知社区和政府为中心的干预措施，旨在通过解决对森林利用和森林砍伐的看法来减轻森林砍伐。

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引用次数: 0

From competition to complementarity: growth mechanisms and structural drivers in pure and mixed silver fir–beech stands of southern Italy 从竞争到互补：意大利南部纯银和混合银杉木山毛榉林的生长机制和结构驱动因素

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101191

Pasquale A. Marziliano, Maria F. Cataldo, Elisabetta Emo, Michele Mercuri, Salvatore F. Papandrea

Mixed-species forests are increasingly promoted to improve forest functioning, yet their growth responses depend strongly on site conditions, stand structure, and management legacies, particularly in Mediterranean mountain environments. This study investigates how species mixture, stand structure, competition, and site conditions jointly influence tree growth and productivity in silver fir–beech forests of southern Italy. We combined stand-level indicators (current annual increment, recruitment period, structural diversity indices) with tree-level growth analyses based on basal area increment and linear mixed-effects models, comparing pure and mixed stands across three montane sites characterized by contrasting environmental conditions and management histories. Mixed stands showed higher productivity than monospecific stands, with increased current annual increment, shorter recruitment periods, and greater structural complexity. Linear mixed-effects modelling identified tree size, height, competition intensity, species identity, and stand mixture as key drivers of growth. Both species benefited from mixture, although silver fir showed a stronger positive response, with 12–15% higher Basal Area Increment (BAI) in mixed stands compared to pure stands, while beech gains were more moderate (5–8%). Structural diversity, quantified by Shannon and Gini indices, was markedly higher in mixed stands, indicating enhanced size differentiation and resource-use complementarity. Overall, the results demonstrate that productivity gains in silver fir–beech forests arise from the interaction between species mixture, stand structure, competition, and site-specific conditions. Species mixture enhances individual-tree growth primarily by modulating competitive interactions, with the magnitude of benefits varying across sites according to structural and management-related constraints. These findings provide quantitative support for site-adapted management strategies that promote mixed and structural diverse forests in Mediterranean mountain regions.

混交林越来越多地被推广以改善森林功能，但其生长响应在很大程度上取决于立地条件、林分结构和管理遗产，特别是在地中海山区环境中。本文研究了树种混合、林分结构、竞争和立地条件如何共同影响意大利南部银杉木山毛榉森林的生长和生产力。我们将林分水平指标（当前年生长量、复育期、结构多样性指数）与基于基础面积增量和线性混合效应模型的林分水平生长分析相结合，比较了三个具有不同环境条件和管理历史特征的山地样地的纯林分和混合林分。混合林分表现出比单一林分更高的生产力，其年生长量增加，增收周期缩短，结构复杂性更高。线性混合效应模型确定了树的大小、高度、竞争强度、物种特征和林分混合是生长的关键驱动因素。两种树种均受益于混交林，但银杉表现出更强的正响应，混交林的基础面积增量（BAI）比纯林分高12-15%，而山毛榉的增长较为温和（5-8%）。Shannon指数和基尼指数量化的结构多样性显著高于混合林分，表明森林的大小分化和资源利用互补性增强。总体而言，研究结果表明，银杉山毛榉林的生产力增长是由物种混合、林分结构、竞争和立地特定条件之间的相互作用引起的。物种混合主要通过调节竞争相互作用来促进个体树的生长，根据结构和管理相关的限制，不同地点的效益大小不同。这些发现为促进地中海山区混合和结构多样化森林的因地制宜管理策略提供了定量支持。

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引用次数: 0

Adapting water management along forest roads to climate change: A survey study among German experts 适应气候变化的森林道路水管理：德国专家的调查研究

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101200

Christopher Pohle, Dirk Jaeger

Progressing climate change makes it imperative to adapt existing forest road systems. Decentralizing drainage with the aim to reduce accumulation of surface run-off is expected to enhance the availability of water in forest ecosystems and to mitigate risks of road damage and flooding.

To identify and evaluate potential and relevant measures for managing road run-off, we conducted a survey among eleven German forest road experts. The questionnaire covered 42 questions over five categories: (1) Road decommissioning, (2) Segments prone to damage by water due to gradient, (3) Ditch relief, (4) Crossing structures, and (5) Timber extraction. Participants were recruited from the “committee for forest access” and have extensive experience (mean of 19 years) with practical measures for drainage and water management. Their accumulated area of operation (2.2 Mio. ha) is representative of 19.1% of the forested land in Germany.

Our survey showed that most experts incorporate measures for adapting forest road infrastructure to climate change. Of the eleven experts consulted in this study, nine actively pursue reduced ditch relief culvert spacing. Further measures mentioned include using off-take-ditches, adapting stream crossings to increased peak flows, intensifying maintenance, and disconnecting ditches and streams. Roads with an outsloped cross-sectional profile and the decommissioning of road segments in general, are not preferred strategies.

Besides discussing survey results, potential follow-up research possibilities are presented. The development of specialized GIS tools could facilitate the practical implementation of the proposed measures. While this study’s results reflect the input of only a select few experts, the results help to outline existing measures for managing forest road systems under climate change conditions and support decision makers in other regions.

不断加剧的气候变化使得必须调整现有的森林道路系统。分散排水的目的是减少地表径流的积累，预计将增加森林生态系统中的水供应，并减轻道路破坏和洪水的风险。为了确定和评估管理道路径流的潜在和相关措施，我们对11位德国森林道路专家进行了调查。问卷共涉及5类问题，共42个问题：(1)道路退役；(2)坡度易被水破坏的路段；(3)沟渠整治；(4)交叉结构；(5)木材开采。与会者是从“森林进入委员会”中征聘的，具有丰富的经验（平均19年），具有排水和水管理的实际措施。它们的累计作业面积（2.2平方米）。公顷)代表了德国19.1%的林地。我们的调查显示，大多数专家都采取了使森林道路基础设施适应气候变化的措施。在本研究中咨询的11位专家中，有9位积极寻求减少沟渠救济涵洞间距。进一步提到的措施包括使用进水渠，调整河流过境点以适应高峰流量的增加，加强维护，以及断开沟渠和河流的连接。一般来说，横截面轮廓向外倾斜的道路和路段的退役都不是首选的策略。在讨论调查结果的基础上，提出了后续研究的可能性。开发专门的地理信息系统工具可以促进建议措施的实际实施。虽然本研究的结果仅反映了少数专家的意见，但这些结果有助于概述在气候变化条件下管理森林道路系统的现有措施，并为其他地区的决策者提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Mixed plantations of Alnus formosana and Pinus massoniana improve ecosystem multifunctionality than monoculture plantations 台湾桤木与马尾松混交林比单一人工林能提高生态系统的多功能性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101171

Luocan Zhou , Linjuan Huang , Jingzhong Shi , Yandi Qin , Lihui Deng , Shiyao Liang , Qile Tang , Guoqiang Tang , Wenhui Shen , Zhangqiang Tan , Weichao Teng

Long-term management of Pinus massoniana monoculture faces significant challenges, including low productivity, nutrient depletion, and weakened ecological functions. Alnus formosana, a native nitrogen-fixing species in southern China, can increase soil fertility and accelerates nutrient cycling. However, the impact of its mixed cultivation with P. massoniana on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remains unclear. This study assessed tree growth, soil characteristics, enzyme activity, and EMF in monocultures and mixed forests at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 ratios (APP, AP, and AAP). Results showed that mixed-species treatment significantly increased tree growth index (TGI) of A. formosana but decreased that of P. massoniana (P<0.05). In mixed forests, A. formosana had higher diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (TH), crown width (CW), clear bole height (CBH) and tree volume (V) than P. massoniana, and exhibited stronger competitive effects (Slope-A=1.12∼1.27) on DBH and CW compared to P. massoniana (Slope-P=0.65∼0.96). Soil quality index (SQI) and EMF significantly increased in mixed forests than in monocultures, as evidenced by higher soil C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities and related nutrients. In mixed forests, TGI was positively correlated with SQI of A. formosana but negatively correlated with that of P. massoniana, which led to the growth of A. formosana being more sensitive to available nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen), while the growth of P. massoniana was more reliant on soil total nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus). Notably, A. formosana exhibited the highest TGI, SQI, and EMF in the AAP treatment. Thus, the 2:1 (AAP) mixing ratio is recommended for the scientific management of P. massoniana and A. formosana mixed forests.

马尾松单一栽培的长期管理面临着生产力低下、养分耗竭和生态功能减弱等重大挑战。台湾桤木是华南地区特有的固氮树种，具有提高土壤肥力和加速养分循环的作用。然而，其与马尾草混种对生态系统多功能性（EMF）的影响尚不清楚。本研究以1:2、1:1和2:1的比例（APP、AP和AAP）评估了单一栽培和混交林中的树木生长、土壤特征、酶活性和EMF。结果表明：混种处理显著提高了台湾杉木的林木生长指数（TGI），降低了马尾松的林木生长指数（P<0.05）；在混交林中，台湾杉树胸径、树高、冠宽、净孔高和树体积均高于马尾松，且对胸径和净孔高的竞争效应（Slope-A=1.12 ~ 1.27）高于马尾松（Slope-P=0.65 ~ 0.96）。混交林土壤质量指数（SQI）和EMF显著高于单作，土壤C、n获取酶活性和相关养分显著增加。在混交林中，台湾桤木的TGI与SQI呈显著正相关，与马尾松的SQI呈显著负相关，说明台湾桤木的生长对速效养分（硝态氮、速效磷、铵态氮）更为敏感，而马尾松的生长对土壤全养分（全氮、全磷）更为依赖。在AAP处理下，台湾槐树表现出最高的TGI、SQI和EMF。因此，建议以2:1 （AAP）的混合比例进行马尾松与台湾杉木混交林的科学管理。

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引用次数: 0

Towards precision forestry: A systematic review of optimisation methods for individual-tree decisions in forest management 走向精准林业：对森林管理中单个树决策的优化方法的系统回顾

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101226

Niál Perry , Janine Schweier , Leo Gallus Bont , Sunni Kanta Prasad Kushwaha , Heli Peltola , Kyle Eyvindson , Rasmus Astrup , Melissa Chapman , Clemens Blattert

Societal demands for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) are growing and diversifying, which necessitates careful decision-making in forest management. Optimisation methods can support the decision-making process and resolve trade-offs between various BES objectives, and are successfully applied for forest management at the stand and landscape levels. However, there is an increasing interest in optimising management planning at an even finer resolution: the individual-tree level. This systematic review summarises the studies that optimise individual-tree decisions in forest management, taking individual-tree data as input and prescribing a management decision for every tree as the output. Tree-level management planning directly incorporates relevant tree attributes into the planning process - rather than relying on aggregated proxies - and complements developments in precision forestry, remote sensing and autonomous forest machines. We identified 47 relevant studies, which use diverse optimisation techniques such as heuristic algorithms, mathematical programming and machine learning. Several management targets and constraints (e.g., economic value, biodiversity and the structural features of the forest) have been addressed in the studies. Rich information about individual trees is available, although the attributes typically gathered during field inventory, like species, tree height and diameter at breast height, are still the most commonly used in decision-making. Identified directions for future research are to integrate natural disturbance risk predisposition, link tree-level optimisation with management plans at larger spatial scales and develop the real-world implementation of the individual-tree decisions.

社会对森林生物多样性和生态系统服务（BES）的需求日益增长和多样化，这就需要在森林管理中谨慎决策。优化方法可以支持决策过程，解决各种BES目标之间的权衡，并成功地应用于林分和景观水平的森林管理。然而，人们对在更精细的分辨率上优化管理计划越来越感兴趣：个体树级别。本系统综述总结了优化森林管理中单株树决策的研究，将单株树数据作为输入，并为每棵树规定管理决策作为输出。树级管理规划直接将相关的树属性纳入规划过程——而不是依赖于汇总的代理——并补充了精确林业、遥感和自主森林机器方面的发展。我们确定了47项相关研究，它们使用了各种优化技术，如启发式算法、数学规划和机器学习。研究中讨论了若干管理目标和限制因素（例如经济价值、生物多样性和森林的结构特征）。尽管在实地调查中通常收集的属性，如物种、树高和胸围高度的直径，仍然是决策中最常用的，但关于单株树的丰富信息是可用的。确定的未来研究方向是整合自然干扰风险倾向，将树级优化与更大空间尺度的管理计划联系起来，并开发个体树决策在现实世界中的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Variation of tree diversity, structure and composition in the different forest types of Eastern Himalaya, India 印度东喜马拉雅不同森林类型树木多样性、结构和组成的变化

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101217

Samjetsabam Bharati Devi , Suratna Sur Shan Sher Sherpa , Kumar Manish , Kishor Sharma

Despite high biodiversity and endemism and decades of research, the tree diversity of the Eastern Himalaya remains poorly understood. To fulfill this gap, we examined the patterns of the alpha and beta diversity and tree community structure in the Darjeeling area of the Eastern Himalaya. We conducted primary vegetation sampling focused on the tree strata within 3 protected areas, including National Park (NP) and Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) of the Darjeeling Himalaya, India. The study sites included Mahananda WLS, Neora Valley NP, and the lower and upper ranges of Singalila NP. A total of 32 sampling plots (each 200 m x 200 m) were established across these sites, within which 128 quadrats (20 m × 20 m) were laid out for detailed vegetation analysis. Within each quadrat, all trees with a girth at breast height (GBH) of ≥ 10 cm were measured and identified. We recorded a total of 2137 individuals belonging to 65 tree species, 47 genera and 31 families in our study. Out of all the recorded tree species, 5 species were found endemic to the Eastern Himalayan region, and 4 globally threatened as per the IUCN Red List. We observed the highest alpha and beta diversity in the temperate forests of lower Singalila NP. Tree basal area and the density were highest in the tropical moist deciduous forests of Mahananda WLS and the sub-alpine forests of upper Singalila NP, respectively. The study sites showed distinct tree community assemblages with high beta diversity determined by substitution components. We identified 27 indicator tree species (including 23 species from single sites) with significantly high Indicator Value (IndVal) across the different forest types of the Darjeeling Himalaya. We conclude that different forest types in the Darjeeling Himalaya support a high diversity and a unique assemblage of trees, including endemics. For efficient conservation of plant diversity in the Himalaya, there is an urgent need to create more protected areas.

尽管有很高的生物多样性和特有性，以及几十年的研究，东喜马拉雅地区的树木多样性仍然知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，我们研究了东喜马拉雅大吉岭地区α和β多样性和树木群落结构的格局。以印度大吉岭-喜马拉雅国家公园（NP）和野生动物保护区（WLS）为研究对象，对3个保护区的树木层进行了原始植被采样。研究地点包括Mahananda WLS、Neora Valley NP和Singalila NP的上下山脉。在这些地点共建立了32个采样样地（每个200米× 200米），其中布置了128个样方（20米× 20米）进行详细的植被分析。在每个样方内，测量并识别所有胸围(GBH)≥10 cm的树木。本研究共记录到31科47属65个树种2137个个体。在所有记录的树种中，有5种是东喜马拉雅地区特有的，根据世界自然保护联盟红色名录，有4种是全球受威胁的。α和β多样性在新加坡林下温带森林中最高。树基面积和密度分别以Mahananda WLS热带潮湿落叶林和upper Singalila NP亚高山林最高。研究地点表现出明显的树木群落组合，具有较高的替代成分多样性。结果表明，在大吉岭-喜马拉雅地区不同森林类型中，有27种指示树种（其中23种来自单一样地）具有显著的高指示值（IndVal）。我们得出结论，大吉岭-喜马拉雅地区不同的森林类型支持高度多样性和独特的树木组合，包括特有的树木。为了有效地保护喜马拉雅地区的植物多样性，迫切需要建立更多的保护区。

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引用次数: 0

Local ecological knowledge, ecosystem service perceptions, and conservation attitudes along a forest proximity gradient in Menagesha Suba forest, central Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚中部Menagesha Suba森林的当地生态知识、生态系统服务观念和保护态度

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101213

Gonfa Kewessa , Motuma Tolera , Pablo Martín-Pinto

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) plays an important role in how forest ecosystem services (FES) are used, valued, and managed; however, how LEK and FES perceptions vary along a forest proximity gradient remains poorly understood in the dry Afromontane Forest landscapes in Ethiopia. This study aims to understand how forest proximity and household socio-economic conditions influence local ecological knowledge, forest ecosystem service perceptions, and conservation–livelihood trade-offs, with implications for forest management in the Menagesha Suba forest, central Ethiopia. We surveyed 194 households across six kebeles located inside, adjacent to, and outside the forest, complemented by focus group discussions and key informants’ interviews. Multivariate and regression-based analyses were used to assess spatial and socio-economic patterns in FES perceptions and dependence. Respondents identified 17 FES, including provisioning, regulating, and cultural services, with provisioning services dominating both recognition and use across all proximity groups. Forest proximity significantly influences perceived FES composition and availability (PERMANOVA: R² = 0.106, p = 0.001). Households living closer to the forest reported higher dependence on provisioning services and greater exposure to conservation-related trade-offs, including wildlife-related crop damage and displacement concerns. Perceptions of forest cover decline, reduced FES availability, and increasing climate variability were widely reported and varied with age, household size, wealth status, and forest proximity. Across all groups, agricultural expansion, grazing pressure, fuelwood extraction, and settlement encroachment were identified as key threats of environmental change. Despite these pressures, households across all proximity gradients expressed strong support for reforestation, community-based forest management, and improved access to non-biomass energy sources. Overall, LEK and perceptions of FES vary across social contexts and proximity gradients. Recognizing social and spatial differences in LEK and FES use is important for designing inclusive forest management approaches that reduce livelihood conflicts and strengthen adaptive management in Menagesha Suba forest landscapes and other similar forest-people systems.

当地生态知识（LEK）在森林生态系统服务（FES）的使用、评估和管理中发挥着重要作用；然而，在埃塞俄比亚干燥的非洲山地森林景观中，LEK和FES的感知如何沿着森林接近度梯度变化仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在了解森林邻近性和家庭社会经济条件如何影响当地生态知识、森林生态系统服务观念和保护-生计权衡，并对埃塞俄比亚中部Menagesha Suba森林的森林管理产生影响。我们调查了位于森林内部、附近和外部的六个kebeles的194户家庭，并辅以焦点小组讨论和关键举报人访谈。使用多变量和基于回归的分析来评估FES感知和依赖的空间和社会经济模式。受访者确定了17个FES，包括供应、调节和文化服务，供应服务在所有邻近群体的识别和使用中占主导地位。森林邻近显著影响感知FES组成和可利用性（PERMANOVA: R2 = 0.106, p = 0.001）。据报告，居住在森林附近的家庭对供应服务的依赖程度更高，面临与保护有关的权衡的风险也更大，包括与野生动物有关的作物损害和流离失所问题。对森林覆盖下降、FES可用性减少和气候变率增加的看法被广泛报道，并且随着年龄、家庭规模、财富状况和森林邻近程度而变化。在所有群体中，农业扩张、放牧压力、薪柴开采和定居点侵占被认为是环境变化的主要威胁。尽管存在这些压力，但所有邻近梯度的家庭都对重新造林、以社区为基础的森林管理和改善非生物质能源的获取表示强烈支持。总的来说，LEK和对FES的感知在不同的社会背景和接近梯度中有所不同。认识到LEK和FES使用的社会和空间差异对于设计包容性森林管理方法非常重要，这些方法可以减少生计冲突，加强梅纳格沙苏巴森林景观和其他类似的森林-人系统的适应性管理。

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引用次数: 0

Regional climate and site conditions, not species, determine growth and vulnerability to future climate extremes of Central European oaks 区域气候和场地条件，而不是物种，决定中欧橡树的生长和对未来极端气候的脆弱性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101199

Monika Vejpustková , Jan Tumajer , Petr Fišer , Nikola Tričkovič , Tomáš Čihák

Central European oak forests face increasing threats from rising temperatures and frequent drought events, challenging the ecological sustainability of dominant species like sessile oak (Quercus petraea). The performance of thermophilous oaks, such as Turkey oak (Q. cerris) and downy oak (Q. pubescens), under these changing conditions remains uncertain. We compared the adaptive potential of sessile and thermophilous oaks based on their growth sensitivity to current climate and projected growth under future CMIP6 scenarios. Using tree-ring analysis and the VS-Lite model, we studied 27 oak populations at 14 sites with mixed species composition across two climatically distinct regions of the Czech Republic: South Moravia (warmer/drier) and the Bohemian Central Uplands (cooler/wetter). We found a strong coherence in growth dynamics among species, indicating that regional climate and site conditions, rather than species identity, primarily shape growth variation. Climate-growth relationships showed signs of temporal shifts, especially a marked increase in the negative effect of spring temperatures (April–June) on growth in South Moravia after 2016. Growth forecasts for the mean climate conditions expected during 2080–2099 under low-emission scenarios indicated moderate growth increases of up to 39%, largely due to a lengthened growing season. However, the model predicted near-zero simulated growth across all species and most sites during future warm-dry extremes, regardless of the emission scenario. These results suggest that the thermophilous oaks will not outperform sessile oak under extreme drought, highlighting that adaptation strategies should mitigate the impact of recurrent extreme events to ensure the future productivity and persistence of Central European oak forests.

中欧栎林面临着日益严重的气温上升和频繁干旱事件的威胁，这对无柄栎等优势物种的生态可持续性构成了挑战。喜热橡树，如土耳其橡树（Q. cerris）和绒毛橡树（Q. pubescens），在这些变化的条件下的表现仍然不确定。我们基于无根栎树和嗜热栎树对当前气候的生长敏感性和未来CMIP6情景下的预测生长，比较了它们的适应潜力。利用树木年轮分析和VS-Lite模型，我们研究了捷克共和国两个气候不同地区（南摩拉维亚（温暖/干燥）和波西米亚中部高地（凉爽/潮湿））14个混合物种组成的27个橡树种群。我们发现物种之间的生长动态具有很强的一致性，表明区域气候和立地条件，而不是物种特性，主要影响生长变化。气候-生长关系显示出时间变化的迹象，特别是2016年后春季气温（4 - 6月）对南摩拉维亚生长的负面影响显著增加。在低排放情景下，对2080-2099年平均气候条件的增长预测表明，由于生长季节延长，增长率将适度增长39%。然而，该模型预测，无论排放情景如何，在未来的极端干暖时期，所有物种和大多数地点的模拟生长都接近于零。这些结果表明，在极端干旱条件下，嗜热栎树的表现并不比无根栎树好，强调适应策略应该减轻反复发生的极端事件的影响，以确保中欧栎林未来的生产力和持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated climate governance framework for forest fire management: A hypothetical application in Indonesia 森林火灾管理的综合气候治理框架：在印度尼西亚的假设应用

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101145

I Wayan Koko Suryawan , Sapta Suhardono , Evi Siti Sofiyah , Ari Rahman , Nova Ulhasanah , Mega Mutiara Sari , Chun-Hung Lee

The escalating risks of forest fires, intensified by climate change particularly those linked to anthropogenic factors such as tourist behavior in Bromo, Indonesia underscore the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of stakeholder support for preventive and adaptive management strategies. This study employs an Integrated Climate Governance (ICG) framework to evaluate tourist values and their willingness to pay (WTP) for forest fire management interventions. A Choice Experiment was utilized to present respondents with structured trade-offs concerning key management attributes, and a Latent Class Model (LCM) was implemented to identify distinct preference segments. Three tourist classes emerged from the analysis. Class 1 (55.5%) exhibited a strong WTP for advanced green area management while demonstrating limited support for moderate ecological enhancements. Class 2 (31%) articulated clear preferences for basic early warning systems and effective evacuation facilities, emphasizing practical and accessible safety measures. Conversely, Class 3 (13.5%) displayed WTP estimates that could not be statistically identified, indicating the need for further investigation into the preferences and decision-making tendencies of this cohort. Across all classes, a higher monthly income consistently predicted an increased WTP, reflecting a greater willingness among affluent tourists to contribute financially to fire management initiatives. Overall, the findings indicate that the ICG framework effectively captures heterogeneous tourist preferences and their associated economic implications. By highlighting differentiated priorities among tourist groups, the study reinforces the importance of tailoring fire management strategies to specific user segments and leveraging contributions from higher-income visitors to support critical safety investments. These insights provide a foundation for developing more targeted, equitable, and financially sustainable forest fire management policies in climate-vulnerable tourism destinations.

气候变化，特别是与印度尼西亚布罗莫的游客行为等人为因素有关的气候变化，加剧了森林火灾风险的不断升级，这突显了全面了解利益攸关方对预防性和适应性管理战略的支持的必要性。本研究采用综合气候治理（ICG）框架来评估旅游价值及其对森林火灾管理干预措施的支付意愿。通过选择实验向被调查者展示了关于关键管理属性的结构化权衡，并实施了潜在类别模型（LCM）来识别不同的偏好细分。从分析中出现了三类游客。第1类（55.5%）对高级绿地管理表现出较强的WTP，而对适度生态增强的支持有限。第2类（31%）明确表达了对基本预警系统和有效疏散设施的偏好，强调了实用和可获得的安全措施。相反，第3类（13.5%）显示的WTP估计值无法统计识别，表明需要进一步调查该队列的偏好和决策倾向。在所有阶层中，较高的月收入始终预示着WTP的增加，这反映出富裕的游客更愿意为火灾管理举措做出经济贡献。总体而言，研究结果表明，ICG框架有效地捕捉了异质性游客偏好及其相关的经济影响。通过突出旅游群体的不同优先事项，该研究强调了针对特定用户群体定制消防管理策略的重要性，并利用高收入游客的贡献来支持关键的安全投资。这些见解为在易受气候影响的旅游目的地制定更有针对性、更公平、在财政上更可持续的森林火灾管理政策奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0