Trees, Forests and People最新文献_第2页

Equity of cooling services of urban green spaces from the perspective of community life circles: Integrating cooling effects, service quality, and resident preferences 社区生活圈视角下的城市绿地降温服务公平性——综合降温效果、服务质量和居民偏好

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101132

Zhenfan Liu , Yiwei Han , Hanqing Zheng , Wenjuan Wu , Ming Chen , Donghui Peng

Urban green spaces help mitigate urban heat, yet the equity of their cooling services remains insufficiently examined. Existing equity assessments often emphasize the quantity of green space while overlooking qualitative attributes and resident preferences. This study analyzes 52 green spaces in Fuzhou and develops an integrated framework to assess the equity of cooling services by combining cooling performance, service quality, and user preferences. The evaluation covers cooling intensity, accessibility, and spatial equity. The results show that: (1) cooling performance varies substantially across the city, with large peripheral parks providing strong cooling effects, whereas many small centrally located green spaces offer limited cooling; (2) cooling accessibility exhibits a “core clusters—peripheral gaps—local hotspots” pattern, indicating pronounced disparities at the urban–rural interface; and (3) overall cooling equity remains low as high-quality cooling services are unevenly allocated relative to population needs, and extending travel-time thresholds does little to correct this imbalance. The study’s primary contribution is integrating cooling effects, service quality, and resident preferences into a comprehensive equity assessment framework, offering valuable guidance for green space planning and promoting environmental justice.

城市绿地有助于缓解城市热量，但其冷却服务的公平性仍未得到充分研究。现有的公平评估往往强调绿色空间的数量，而忽略了质量属性和居民偏好。本研究对福州的52个绿地进行了分析，并结合制冷性能、服务质量和用户偏好，开发了一个综合框架来评估制冷服务的公平性。评估包括冷却强度、可达性和空间公平性。结果表明：(1)城市不同区域的降温效果差异较大，大型外围公园降温效果较好，而许多位于中心的小型绿地降温效果有限；②降温可达性呈现“核心集群—外围缺口—局部热点”的格局，城乡结合部差异明显；(3)由于高质量制冷服务相对于人口需求的分配不均匀，总体制冷公平仍然很低，而延长出行时间阈值对纠正这种不平衡作用不大。该研究的主要贡献是将降温效果、服务质量和居民偏好整合到一个综合的公平评估框架中，为绿色空间规划和促进环境正义提供有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Mask R-CNN-based detection and segmentation of Mangrove ecosystems in Lantau Island, Hong Kong 基于r - cnn的香港大屿山红树林生态系统检测与分割

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101146

Renjie Wu , Zhijun Dai , Xuefei Mei , Chuqi Long , Diankai Wang , Jie Wang , Jinping Cheng

Mangroves play a crucial role in coastal protection and biodiversity but face escalating threats from anthropogenic pressures and climate-driven disturbances. Long-term monitoring remains challenging due to mangrove fragmentation and limited high-resolution historical data. This study presents a deep learning–based approach for mangrove identification, leveraging cloud-free Sentinel-2 MSI imagery (10 m resolution) and Mask R-CNN to map and analyze mangrove dynamics on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, from 2016 to 2024. The model integrates surface reflectance bands, spectral indices (EVI, LSWI, MVI), and elevation data, achieving high accuracy (mean absolute percentage error: 6.91%; root mean square error: 0.04 × 10⁴ ha). Multi-source validation demonstrated its strong generalization capacity across global mangrove ecosystems. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed divergent trends in two key mangrove stands. In Shui Hau, mangrove area declined continuously from 0.77 ha in 2016 to 0.39 ha in 2024, accompanied by shoreline erosion at a rate of 3.07 m/yr. This loss was associated with reduced suspended sediment concentration and persistent high wave energy. In contrast, Tung Chung’s mangrove area expanded from 3.28 ha to 3.59 ha, with shoreline accretion at 0.85 m/yr, supported by moderate wave dynamics and higher sediment availability. These findings underscore the value of 10 m resolution Sentinel-2 MSI imagery for historical mangrove mapping, providing critical insights for targeted conservation and management strategies.

红树林在沿海保护和生物多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用，但面临着来自人为压力和气候驱动干扰的日益严重的威胁。由于红树林破碎化和有限的高分辨率历史数据，长期监测仍然具有挑战性。本研究提出了一种基于深度学习的红树林识别方法，利用无云Sentinel-2 MSI图像（10米分辨率）和Mask R-CNN来绘制和分析2016年至2024年香港大屿山红树林动态。该模型集成了地表反射率波段、光谱指数（EVI、LSWI、MVI）和高程数据，实现了较高的精度（平均绝对百分比误差为6.91%，均方根误差为0.04 × 10⁴ha）。多源验证表明，该方法具有较强的全球红树林生态系统泛化能力。时空分析揭示了两个主要红树林林分的不同趋势。在水口，红树林面积从2016年的0.77 ha持续减少到2024年的0.39 ha，海岸线侵蚀速度为3.07 m/年。这种损失与悬浮沉积物浓度降低和持续的高波能有关。相比之下，东涌的红树林面积从3.28公顷扩大到3.59公顷，海岸线以0.85米/年的速度增加，波浪动力学适中，沉积物可利用性较高。这些发现强调了10米分辨率Sentinel-2 MSI图像在历史红树林制图中的价值，为有针对性的保护和管理策略提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of forest management and climate change on carbon emissions in Mediterranean forests 森林管理和气候变化对地中海森林碳排放的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101141

Arnaldo Marques , Teresa Cervera , Teresa Baiges , Pere Casals , Mario Beltrán , Lluís Coll , Miquel de Cáceres , Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez , Aitor Ameztegui

Forest management is crucial for climate change mitigation, particularly in Mediterranean forests, which serve as significant carbon pools but face increasing climate threats. This study assesses the impact of different forest management strategies on the carbon balance of Mediterranean forests in Catalonia (NE Spain) under two climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We simulate forest dynamics over 100 years and apply a Life Cycle Assessment approach to quantify carbon fluxes associated with four contrasting management strategies: (i) Business-as-usual, (ii) Promotion of wood energy, (iii) Carbon storage, and (iv) Ecohydrological-based management. Our results indicate that management strongly influences the carbon balance, often outweighing the effect of climate change. The carbon storage scenario exhibited the highest net sequestration due to extended rotations and the production of long-lived wood products, while the Promotion of wood energy scenario led to higher emissions, resulting in carbon losses in low-productivity Pinus nigra forests. Manufacturing dominated emissions (50–75%), while forest growth accounted for most uptake (77%). Our findings indicate that climate-smart forestry in Mediterranean landscapes should prioritize strategies that balance productivity, resilience, and carbon storage. Ecohydrological management stands out as a scalable pathway for the fragmented private forests typical of the region, while carbon-storage practices may be selectively applied in productive and well-protected stands.

森林管理对减缓气候变化至关重要，地中海森林尤其如此，地中海森林是重要的碳库，但面临越来越大的气候威胁。本研究评估了两种气候情景（RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5）下不同森林经营策略对西班牙加泰罗尼亚地中海森林碳平衡的影响。我们模拟了100多年的森林动态，并应用生命周期评估方法来量化与四种不同管理策略相关的碳通量：(i)一切照旧，（ii）促进木材能源，（iii）碳储存，（iv）基于生态水文的管理。我们的研究结果表明，管理对碳平衡的影响很大，往往超过了气候变化的影响。由于轮作时间延长和长寿命木材产品的生产，碳储存情景表现出最高的净固存，而促进木材能源情景导致更高的排放，导致低生产力黑松林的碳损失。制造业主导了排放（50-75%），而森林生长占了吸收的大部分（77%）。我们的研究结果表明，地中海景观中的气候智能型林业应优先考虑平衡生产力、恢复力和碳储存的战略。生态水文管理作为一种可扩展的途径在该地区典型的破碎的私人森林中脱颖而出，而碳储存实践可以选择性地应用于生产和保护良好的林分。

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引用次数: 0

Physical presence, practical absence: Accessibility of timber inventory in the eastern US 实际存在，实际缺失：美国东部木材库存的可及性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101155

Gaurav Dhungel , Justin Baker , Jesse D. Henderson

Forest resources in the eastern US are located on heterogeneous landscapes with widely varying biophysical, social, and market characteristics. As such, the total inventory is rarely available for harvest within a region. Understanding the distinction between physical timber inventory and accessible inventory is crucial for conducting market analyses, developing forward-looking resource assessments, estimating the extractive (“active”) resource base, and, in general, ensuring the continued, sustainable flow of timber. To this end, we employ a mix of regression and spatial analysis to estimate and visualize timber and carbon accessibility on eastern forest land in the US – and how species-specific estimates vary, in our case, white oak (Quercus alba). The logistic regression shows that all seven biophysical and social characteristics, i.e., site physiography, productivity, slope, road distance, amenity value, ownership, and past harvest experience, significantly explain the lack of harvest/management decisions on forested lands in the eastern US. The subsequent spatial analysis illustrates that the higher timber accessibility spots/timber basins are mostly concentrated in the coastal Atlantic plains, gulf coast of the Southeast, and most of Maine, whereas the lower timber accessibility spots/timber basins are largely concentrated along the mountainous region of the Appalachia, the Ozarks, Ouachita, parts of the upper Midwest, and drier parts of west Texas. Results of this study have important applications and implications for timber supply models, policies, programs, and services that affect eastern forest land, and the benefits accrued from these forests, particularly concerns related to timber accessibility, white oak sustainability, and carbon additionality.

美国东部的森林资源分布在异质性景观上，具有广泛不同的生物物理、社会和市场特征。因此，在一个地区内，总库存很少可用于收获。了解实际木材盘存和可获得的木材盘存之间的区别，对于进行市场分析、发展前瞻性资源评价、估计采掘（“活跃”）资源基础以及总体上确保木材的持续、可持续流动至关重要。为此，我们采用回归和空间分析相结合的方法来估计和可视化美国东部林地的木材和碳可及性，以及物种特异性估计的差异，在我们的案例中，白栎树（Quercus alba）。逻辑回归显示，所有7个生物物理和社会特征，即场地地貌、生产力、坡度、道路距离、舒适价值、所有权和过去的收获经验，都显著地解释了美国东部林地缺乏收获/管理决策的原因。随后的空间分析表明，较高的木材可达性点/木材盆地主要集中在大西洋沿岸平原、东南部墨西哥湾沿岸和缅因州的大部分地区，而较低的木材可达性点/木材盆地主要集中在阿巴拉契亚山区、奥扎克、瓦希塔、中西部上部部分地区和德克萨斯州西部的干旱地区。本研究的结果对影响东部林地的木材供应模式、政策、项目和服务，以及这些森林产生的效益，特别是与木材可及性、白栎可持续性和碳附加性有关的问题具有重要的应用和意义。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal variations and driving mechanisms of carbon sinks in Populus euphratica Oliv. forests in China from 2000 to 2023 胡杨碳汇时空变化及驱动机制从2000年到2023年中国的森林

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101115

Zhikun Yang , Houji Liu , Lijun Zhu , Jie Wang , Juntuan Zhai , Xuefei Guo , Zhijun Li

It is essential to accurately assess the carbon sink of Populus euphratica Oliv. (P. euphratica) forests, given their long-term sequestration ability, to understand the carbon balance in arid zones, yet quantitative studies are still lacking globally. This study applied an optimised Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) incorporating biomass and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in China’s P. euphratica forests during 2000–2023 and to analyse the impacts of climatic factors, Ecological Water Conveyance (EWC) and land-use changes. Results show that: (1) overall, NEP demonstrated a volatile upward trend notwithstanding a post-2017 downturn, with seasonal maxima in summer and minima in winter; (2) significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in NEP was observed, with contrasting trends of increase in the Tarim, Aksu, and Heihe River basins but decrease in the lower Qarqan River; (3) human activities have now surpassed climatic factors as the primary driver of increased NEP in poplar forests, with EWC benefiting 90 % of the implementation areas; (4) the cumulative NEP of China's P. euphratica forests increased by 1200.38 Gg C over the last 20 years, largely attributable to land-use change from unused land to P. euphratica forests and cropland. This research provides a robust NEP estimation, clarifies its spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms, and demonstrates that poplar forests serve as significant carbon sinks in arid regions. These findings support the development of evidence-based conservation strategies and China’s ‘dual carbon’ goals.

准确评估胡杨的碳汇是至关重要的。胡杨（P. euphratica）森林具有长期的固碳能力，对了解干旱区的碳平衡具有重要意义，但目前在全球范围内还缺乏定量研究。本研究采用优化的卡耐基-艾姆斯-斯坦福方法（CASA），结合生物量和无人机（UAV）数据，研究了2000-2023年中国胡杨林净生态系统生产力（NEP）的时空异质性，并分析了气候因素、生态输水（EWC）和土地利用变化对胡杨林净生态系统生产力的影响。结果表明：(1)总体而言，2017年以后，中国新能源政策总体呈波动上升趋势，夏季最高，冬季最低；(2)塔里木、阿克苏和黑河流域的新能源经济总量呈上升趋势，而喀尔干河下游则呈下降趋势；(3)人类活动已超过气候因素，成为白杨林新生态环境价值增加的主要驱动因素，90%的实施区域受益于生态环境价值；(4)近20 a来，中国胡杨林累积NEP增加了1200.38 Gg C，主要原因是由未利用地向胡杨林和耕地的转变。本研究提供了稳健的NEP估算，阐明了其时空格局和驱动机制，并证明了白杨林在干旱区具有重要的碳汇作用。这些发现为基于证据的保护策略和中国的“双碳”目标的发展提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Drought-wildfire synergy drives carbon-source transition and amplifies carbon budget uncertainty of boreal forests in Northeast China 干旱-野火协同效应驱动东北北方寒带森林碳源转换并放大碳收支不确定性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101135

Shun Li , Guowei He , Wenru Xu , Yuanyuan Fu , Chao Huang , Zhichao Huang , Ting Wu , Hong S. He , Zhiwei Wu , Fusheng Chen

Droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity, reducing photosynthesis and causing tree mortality, thereby weakening the boreal forest’s ability to act as a carbon sink. They also indirectly amplify the frequency and severity of wildfires, further affecting the carbon dynamics of boreal forests. We developed a model-coupling framework integrating species-specific drought sensitivity, wildfire dynamics, and forest succession to simulate the carbon dynamics of boreal forests in Northeast China over the 21^st century. Our results show that drought substantially increases tree mortality and limits carbon sequestration. Accumulated fuel loads expand burned area and elevate fire severity. Drought-fire synergy offsets carbon sink gains from vegetation recovery and fire suppression, and they double interannual variability in the regional carbon budget. Under the ssp5–8.5 scenarios, boreal forests intermittently shift from a carbon sink to a source in the late 21^st century. This study emphasizes the importance of considering synergistic drought-fire interactions explicitly when examining the effects of climate change on carbon dynamics of boreal forests. To mitigate these synergies, adaptive forest management should prioritize fuel load reduction measures (e.g., thinning or prescribed burning) and the promotion of drought-resistant tree species, thereby effectively reducing the probability of catastrophic wildfires and enhancing the long-term stability and carbon sequestration of boreal forests.

干旱的频率和强度都在增加，减少了光合作用，导致树木死亡，从而削弱了北方森林作为碳汇的能力。它们还间接地放大了野火的频率和严重程度，进一步影响了北方森林的碳动态。基于不同物种的干旱敏感性、野火动态和森林演替，建立了一个模型耦合框架，模拟了21世纪中国东北北方针叶林的碳动态。我们的研究结果表明，干旱大大增加了树木的死亡率，并限制了碳的固存。累积的燃油负荷扩大了燃烧面积，提高了火灾的严重程度。旱火协同效应抵消了植被恢复和灭火带来的碳汇收益，并使区域碳收支年际变化加倍。在ssp5-8.5情景下，北方森林在21世纪后期间歇性地从碳汇转变为碳源。本研究强调了在研究气候变化对北方森林碳动态的影响时，明确考虑协同干旱-火灾相互作用的重要性。为了减轻这些协同作用，适应性森林管理应优先考虑减少燃料负荷的措施（例如，疏林或规定燃烧）和促进抗旱树种，从而有效减少灾难性野火的可能性，增强北方森林的长期稳定性和碳固存能力。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics and determinants of forest cover changes in the inner Congo basin 刚果盆地内森林覆盖变化的动态和决定因素

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101126

Lisette Mangaza , Germain Batsi , Adrien Peroches , Claire Masson , Denis Jean Sonwa , Simon Lhoest , Jean-Remy Makana , Wannes Hubau , Philipe Lejeune , Adeline Fayolle

Massive deforestation and forest degradation have been observed in the inner Congo basin in the last decades. While agricultural expansion onto forest land is widely recognized as the main driver of deforestation, local dynamics and social drivers remain understudied. This study investigates both the forest cover dynamics monitored from satellite products and the agricultural practices from household interviews across the Tshopo, the largest province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We combined satellite-based forest cover data (Tropical Moist Forest dataset, 1990–2023) with household surveys (n = 850) around Kisangani, the provincial capital, and up to 150 km along the six main road axes. Between 1990 and 2023, 9.7 % of mature tropical moist forest — corresponding to 1905,800 ha — was lost across the Tshopo province, being deforested, degraded, or disturbed. Deforestation accelerated since 2010, and the spatial pattern indicates urban expansion, and agricultural encroachment into forests. Household interviews confirm that small-scale farming is the dominant agricultural system in the region (94 % of respondents), with fields mostly installed on fallow land. The food crops such as cassava, rice, maize and bananas are predominant and perennial crops such as oil palms, cocoa and coffee are less common. Geographical and production factors, namely proximity to Kisangani city and household economic capital, are the main determinants of agricultural practices in the Tshopo. Although individual small-scale farming has a limited impact on forest cover (only 11 % of food crop fields and 8 % of perennial crop plantations are established on mature forest lands), the cumulative effect of seasonal land conversion is substantial. Household-level deforestation (349 ha per cropping season for 850 households) extrapolated to approximately 195,000 ha of mature forest cleared annually across the province. Given the high level of human impact and poverty in the region, it is crucial to promote sustainable agricultural practices that increase productivity without encroaching on mature forests, considering the diversity of producer profiles, in a context of high instability.

在过去的几十年里，刚果盆地内部出现了大规模的森林砍伐和森林退化。虽然农业向林地的扩张被广泛认为是森林砍伐的主要驱动因素，但对当地动态和社会驱动因素的研究仍然不足。本研究调查了通过卫星产品监测的森林覆盖动态，以及通过对刚果民主共和国（DRC）最大省份Tshopo的家庭访谈进行的农业实践。我们将基于卫星的森林覆盖数据（热带潮湿森林数据集，1990-2023）与在基桑加尼（省会）周围以及沿着6条主干道轴线150公里范围内的住户调查（n = 850）相结合。1990年至2023年期间，整个措布省9.7%的成熟热带潮湿森林（相当于1905 800公顷）因森林被砍伐、退化或受到干扰而丧失。自2010年以来，森林砍伐加速，空间格局显示城市扩张和农业对森林的侵占。家庭访谈证实，小规模农业是该地区的主要农业系统（94%的受访者），农田大多位于休耕土地上。木薯、水稻、玉米和香蕉等粮食作物占主导地位，油棕、可可和咖啡等多年生作物则不太常见。地理和生产因素，即靠近基桑加尼市和家庭经济中心，是Tshopo农业实践的主要决定因素。虽然个体小规模农业对森林覆盖的影响有限（只有11%的粮食作物田和8%的多年生作物种植园是在成熟林地上建立的），但季节性土地转换的累积效应是巨大的。家庭一级的森林砍伐（850户家庭每个种植季节349公顷）推算为全省每年大约有19.5万公顷的成熟森林被砍伐。考虑到该地区严重的人类影响和贫困，在高度不稳定的情况下，考虑到生产者情况的多样性，促进在不侵犯成熟森林的情况下提高生产力的可持续农业做法至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring behavioral determinants of sustainable agricultural practices adoption in Morocco: Evidence from PLS-SEM 探索摩洛哥可持续农业实践采用的行为决定因素：来自PLS-SEM的证据

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101143

Soufiane Bouyghrissi , Maha Khanniba , Hanaa Touloub , Mohamed Torra , Omar Kharbouch

This study investigates the drivers of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) adoption in Morocco by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on survey data from 402 farmers. The model examines the effects of attitudes (AT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and knowledge (KN) on actual adoption behavior. The results show that attitude is the strongest positive predictor of SAP adoption, while knowledge contributes indirectly by shaping attitudes. Subjective norms also influence adoption, although their effect is modest and negative, suggesting that farmers may perceive caution or mixed messages regarding SAP use. Perceived behavioral control does not significantly affect adoption in this context.

The findings highlight the importance of psychological and social processes in shaping farmers’ decisions and demonstrate that technical knowledge alone is insufficient to drive behavioral change. Clear policy implications emerge from this analysis. Extension programs should prioritize strengthening positive attitudes by showcasing local demonstrations, communicating tangible benefits, and offering risk-reducing incentives. Farmer training initiatives should integrate social learning mechanisms, such as peer-to-peer exchanges and cooperative-based activities, to leverage community influence and ensure equitable access to information. Policymakers seeking to scale SAP uptake should therefore invest in both informational outreach and social infrastructure, recognizing that behavior change in agriculture is fundamentally shaped by farmers’ beliefs, motivations, and social environments.

本研究通过对402名农民的调查数据使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）来调查摩洛哥采用可持续农业实践（sap）的驱动因素。该模型考察了态度（AT）、主观规范（SN）、感知行为控制（PBC）和知识（KN）对实际收养行为的影响。结果表明，态度是SAP采用的最强正向预测因子，而知识通过塑造态度间接起作用。主观规范也影响采用，尽管其影响是适度和消极的，这表明农民可能对SAP的使用感到谨慎或混杂的信息。在这种情况下，感知行为控制对收养没有显著影响。研究结果强调了心理和社会过程在影响农民决策方面的重要性，并表明仅靠技术知识不足以推动行为改变。从这一分析中可以看出明显的政策含义。推广项目应通过展示当地的示范、宣传切实的利益和提供降低风险的激励措施，优先加强积极的态度。农民培训倡议应纳入社会学习机制，例如点对点交流和基于合作的活动，以利用社区影响并确保公平获取信息。因此，寻求扩大SAP应用规模的政策制定者应在信息推广和社会基础设施方面进行投资，认识到农业行为的改变从根本上是由农民的信仰、动机和社会环境决定的。

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引用次数: 0

Topography determines soil C:N:P stoichiometry more than forest attributes in heterogeneous subtropical karst forests 在非均质亚热带喀斯特森林中，地形对土壤C:N:P化学计量的影响大于森林属性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101142

Lu Yan , Chaohao Xu , Cong Hu , Chaofang Zhong , Zhonghua Zhang , Gang Hu

Understanding the ecological stoichiometry of soil nutrients and their drivers is essential for managing forest ecosystems, particularly in highly heterogeneous landscapes, such as karst forests. However, the effects of topography and forest attributes on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in these ecosystems remain unclear. This study investigated the influence of topographic conditions and forest attributes on the contents and stoichiometric ratios of C, N, and P in the surface soils (0–10 cm) of species-rich subtropical karst forests in China. The results showed that topography dominated the variability in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and their stoichiometry. TN and TP increased by 0.51 % and 0.97 %, respectively, per 1 % increase in rock exposure rate (RER), but decreased by 0.46 % and 1.79 % per 1-m rise in elevation (ELE). In contrast, the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios exhibited opposite trends. The soil organic carbon (SOC) was not significantly affected by topography. Forest attributes showed limited influence, explaining only 6.02 % of the total variance in soil C:N:P stoichiometry. SOC and TN increased with the nearest taxon index (NTI), while the C:N and C:P ratios declined with the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations among topographic variables (ELE, RER, and aspect), forest attributes (Pielou’s evenness, NTI, and mean DBH), and soil C:N:P stoichiometry. The redundancy analysis revealed that topography accounted for a greater proportion of the variance (35.21 %) than forest attributes (6.02 %), with ELE, RER, and slope contributing 19.22 %, 10.98 %, and 3.18 %, respectively. These findings highlight that topographic conditions rather than forest characteristics are the primary drivers of soil C:N:P stoichiometric patterns in heterogeneous karst forests. This information is critical for guiding effective forest management and restoration strategies in karst regions.

了解土壤养分的生态化学计量及其驱动因素对于管理森林生态系统至关重要，特别是在高度异质性的景观中，如喀斯特森林。然而，地形和森林属性对这些生态系统土壤碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)化学计量的影响尚不清楚。研究了地形条件和森林属性对中国亚热带丰富物种喀斯特森林表层土壤（0 ~ 10 cm） C、N、P含量和化学计量比的影响。结果表明，地形对全氮（TN）和全磷（TP）含量及其化学计量变化起主导作用。岩石暴露率每升高1%，总氮和总磷分别增加0.51%和0.97%，海拔每升高1 m，总氮和总磷分别减少0.46%和1.79%。C:N、C:P和N:P呈相反趋势。土壤有机碳（SOC）受地形影响不显著。森林属性对土壤C:N:P化学计量变异的影响有限，仅占总变异的6.02%。土壤有机碳和全氮随最近分类群指数（NTI）的增加而增加，而C:N和C:P随Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的增加而降低。相关分析显示，地形变量（ELE、RER和坡向）、森林属性（Pielou均匀度、NTI和平均胸径）和土壤C:N:P化学计量学之间存在显著相关性。冗余分析结果显示，地形对森林属性的贡献率（35.21%）大于森林属性（6.02%），其中ELE、RER和坡度对森林属性的贡献率分别为19.22%、10.98%和3.18%。这些结果表明，地形条件而不是森林特征是非均质喀斯特森林土壤C:N:P化学计量模式的主要驱动因素。这些信息对于指导喀斯特地区有效的森林管理和恢复战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

How does climate influence mangrove litterfall production across different species? A case study in Zhanjiang, China 气候如何影响不同物种的红树林凋落物产量？以中国湛江为例

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101137

Yuhang Wang , Qi Liu , Xiafei Zhou , Wanyu Wen , Minghao Gong , Yaojun Zhu

Mangrove litterfall represents a major pathway of energy and nutrient flux, yet species-specific and organ-specific climatic responses remain insufficiently understood. This study quantified litterfall dynamic of three dominant mangrove species—Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Rhizophora stylosa—compared fresh and dry organ-level phenology, and identified climatic drivers of species- and organ-specific litterfall patterns. Litterfall was monitored sub-monthly for two years (2023–2024) in mature subtropical stands and partitioned into leaves, flowers, propagules, and branches. Across species, annual fresh litterfall ranged from 1675.39 g m⁻²·in A. marina to 2998.74 g m⁻²·in B. gymnorhiza, with leaves contributing over 60% of total biomass. B. gymnorhiza and R. stylosa consistently produced more litterfall than A. marina. Pronounced interspecific differences were observed: B. gymnorhiza exhibited the strongest seasonality with sharp mid-year peaks, whereas R. stylosa maintained relatively stable production year-round. Leaf and flower litterfall showed asynchronous seasonal patterns across species, while propagule and branch litterfall displayed distinctly staggered reproductive and structural turnover cycles. To examine climatic effects, we employed Bayesian generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), which capture nonlinear climate–litterfall relationships and account for hierarchical variation among species and organs. The models revealed clear functional differentiation in climatic sensitivity. Temperature positively influenced leaf and flower litterfall, particularly above 28 °C. Precipitation showed unimodal effects, and maximum wind speed strongly promoted flower and propagule litterfall, especially in A. marina and R. stylosa. Relative humidity had generally minor effects. Leaf litterfall showed the strongest climatic response, while branch litterfall was least sensitive. Overall, this study highlights contrasting phenological rhythms and climatic sensitivities among coexisting mangrove species and provide insights to support mangrove restoration, carbon accounting, and climate adaptation in subtropical coastal ecosystems.

红树林凋落物是能量和养分流动的主要途径，但物种特异性和器官特异性气候反应仍未得到充分了解。本研究量化了三种优势红树林（avicennia marina、Bruguiera gymnorhiza和Rhizophora stylosa）的凋落物动态，比较了新鲜和干燥器官水平的物候特征，并确定了物种和器官特异性凋落物模式的气候驱动因素。2023-2024年对亚热带成熟林分的凋落物进行了分月监测，并将凋落物分为叶、花、繁殖体和枝。在不同的物种中，每年的新鲜凋落物从A. marina的1675.39 g m⁻²·到B. gymnorhiza的2998.74 g m⁻²·不等，其中叶子贡献了总生物量的60%以上。金毛草和柱头草的凋落物产量始终高于金毛草。不同种间差异显著：木犀草的季节性最强，年中产量高峰明显，而茎柱草全年产量相对稳定。不同物种的叶、花凋落物表现出不同步的季节特征，而繁殖体和枝凋落物表现出明显交错的繁殖周期和结构周转周期。为了研究气候效应，我们采用了贝叶斯广义加性混合模型（GAMMs），该模型捕捉了非线性气候-凋落物关系，并解释了物种和器官之间的等级差异。这些模型揭示了气候敏感性的明显功能分化。温度对叶和花凋落物有积极影响，特别是在28°C以上。降水表现出单峰效应，最大风速对花凋落量和繁殖体凋落量的促进作用最大，尤以金针花和柱头草为明显。相对湿度的影响一般较小。叶凋落物对气候的响应最强烈，枝凋落物对气候的响应最不敏感。总的来说，本研究突出了共存红树林物种之间的物候节律和气候敏感性的对比，并为支持亚热带沿海生态系统的红树林恢复、碳核算和气候适应提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0