Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Ecological impact and community perception of Phoenix acaulis (Roxb.) management in Shorea robusta (Garten. f.) forest of Udayapur district, Nepal","authors":"Santosh Ayer ,&nbsp;Kishor Prasad Bhatta ,&nbsp;Sachin Timilsina ,&nbsp;Renuka Khamcha ,&nbsp;Janak Airee ,&nbsp;Prakash Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Yajna Timilsina ,&nbsp;Sagar Bhatta ,&nbsp;Hari Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phoenix acaulis</em> (Roxb.)<em>,</em> a common understory shrub in Nepal's Chure region, has remained largely understudied until now. Therefore, this study aims to examine the ecological impact of <em>P. acaulis</em> on <em>Shorea robusta</em> (Gaertn. f.) forest properties and to explore associated community perceptions in <em>S. robusta</em> forest of Udayapur district, Nepal. Stratified random sampling was adopted for this study where <em>P. acaulis</em> density (high, low and absent) was considered as basis of stratification. Altogether, 45 rectangular plots of 10 m x 10 m area (15 each category) were established for regeneration survey and soil sample collection (up to 30 cm). Soil quality index (SQI) method was used for soil quality assessment using indicators on the basis of prior studies conducted in Nepal. Using random sampling, a total of 52 households from the community forest user group were interviewed to gather their insights on the perceived effects of <em>P. acaulis</em> and its management. Highest <em>S. robusta</em> seedling and sapling density was observed in <em>P. acaulis</em> absent area (1132 ± 9.65 ha⁻¹ and 60 ± 0.63 ha⁻¹) where lowest in <em>P. acaulis</em> dense area (548 ± 7.4 ha⁻¹ and 4 ± 0.2 ha⁻¹). Similarly, higher SQI was in areas with high <em>P. acaulis</em> density (0.49) followed by low (0.45) and absent area (0.39). Most respondents advocated for removing <em>P. acaulis</em> from the forest, highlighting significant concerns among stakeholders. Our study suggests a positive impact <em>P. acaulis</em> on soil quality but indicates a negative impact on <em>S. robusta</em> regeneration. Therefore, further research to explore management strategies that balance the positive impact on soil quality with the observed negative influence on regeneration in <em>P. acaulis</em> presence areas is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of the semiochemical repellent verbenone to reduce ambrosia beetle attack on healthy and Ceratocystis-infested ‘ōhiʻa trees","authors":"Kylle Roy ,&nbsp;Dan Mikros ,&nbsp;Dong H. Cha ,&nbsp;Ellen J. Dunkle ,&nbsp;Jennifer Juzwik ,&nbsp;Matthew Ginzel","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Ceratocystis</em> fungal disease complex, rapid ʻōhiʻa death (ROD), has killed over one million ʻōhiʻa (<em>Metrosideros polymorpha</em>), the keystone tree species of Hawaiʻi. The causal fungi can be spread by invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) through fungal inoculum found on their bodies and in the frass they produce. Thus, there is a critical need to manage beetle attack on ʻōhiʻa trees to curtail subsequent pathogen spread and disease development. In this experiment at Waiākea Forest Reserve, we tested the potential of the semiochemical repellent, verbenone, in a commercial formulation, to protect healthy and ROD-affected ʻōhiʻa from ambrosia beetle attack in each of the 2022 and 2023 field seasons. Landing rates of ambrosia beetles on healthy and diseased trees were quantified over 16 weeks each year, using sticky traps on ethanol-baited trees that also received either a low (72 g) or high (108 g) dose of verbenone or untreated controls. In addition, we used gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) to measure verbenone emission over 16 weeks in 2022. We found that the low dose of verbenone is the most effective and economical application to reduce beetle landing on healthy ʻōhiʻa trees and the high dose may be needed to reduce attraction to diseased ʻōhiʻa. Despite a large decrease in verbenone emission levels by week eight, the low dose effectively reduced beetle captures on healthy trees for 14 weeks and the high dose reduced landing rates on diseased trees for 10–14 weeks. Our results indicate verbenone may significantly lower ambrosia beetle attack on ʻōhiʻa, and thus, lead to reduction in the spread of ROD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the impacts of urban tree structure and condition on adult depression in the United States","authors":"Lalita Dhal ,&nbsp;Jason Gordon ,&nbsp;Alexander Young ,&nbsp;Mukti R. Subedi ,&nbsp;Katie Jennings ,&nbsp;Lucie Lepine ,&nbsp;Thomas Brandeis ,&nbsp;Puneet Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization can stimulate economic growth through industrialization; however, urbanization can also lead to dense development and high population densities. Both factors cause stress and negatively impact the quality of life of inhabitants living in cities. In response, a growing body of research has examined the association between urban trees and human health, in general and psychological well-being, in particular. Although this literature has tended to focus on tree canopy broadly, questions remain regarding the effects of specific tree characteristics (e.g., crown dieback, tree with damage, and leaf area). This study examines the association between adult depression and tree structure and condition metrics in ten cities across the United States. Adult depression data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and individual tree structure and condition data were calculated using the Urban Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. The linear mixed-effects model showed a positive relationship between depression and tree crown-dieback percentage (<em>p</em> = 0.03). Understanding the interplay between individual tree characteristics and adult depression can inform urban planning, design, and maintenance practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria decision analysis using GIS in assessing suitability for a solar-powered biomass briquetting plant in the Gambella region, Ethiopia","authors":"Koat Jing Riek ,&nbsp;Wondwossen Bogale Eremed","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass briquetting presents a promising avenue for alternative cooking energy, enhancing livelihoods, and fostering sustainable development. This study underscores the abundant biomass resources in the Gambella region, primarily composed of savanna and woody savanna, which encompass 77 % of the land area, consisting mainly of forest and agricultural waste. Leveraging these resources can ensure a renewable and sustainable cooking energy supply, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to clean energy and environmental conservation. Consequently, this thesis endeavors to identify optimal sites for establishing solar-powered non-wooden biomass briquetting plants across the region. Various spatial and non-spatial datasets, including solar radiation, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), and proximity to roads, rivers, and towns, were utilized for area delineation and mapping. Parameters such as solar radiation, slope, and river streams were derived from 30 m resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to calculate criteria weights for overlay analysis, resulting in a suitable solar farm site map. The study reveals that land use/land cover exerts the most significant influence, with a weight of 46.58 %, followed by solar radiation strength (20.42 %), slope (15.52 %), proximity to roads (8.26 %), proximity to rivers (5.46 %), and proximity to towns (3.77 %). By integrating parameter suitability and weight assignment in ArcGIS spatial analysis, a suitability map was generated, highlighting highly suitable areas predominantly along the North-South axis through central Gambella. This area covers approximately 12,094.49 km², constituting 47 % of the study area. These findings have practical implications, as they can inform local policymakers and actors in strategically addressing the region's dire need for sustainable cooking energy. This contribution can support the development of localized renewable energy strategies and promote long-term energy security in line with local energy policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying key actors, barriers and opportunities to lead a transition towards sustainable forest management: an application to the Basque Country, Spain","authors":"Noelia Zafra-Calvo ,&nbsp;Unai Ortega ,&nbsp;Unai Sertutxa ,&nbsp;Céline Moreaux","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forestry sector is essential for achieving a transition towards sustainability because of the opportunities associated with the transformation of their management and practices. However, forest plantation management is characterised not only by ecological interactions but also by the complex dynamics that arise from the interaction of multiple actors, their knowledge and worldviews, and how actors can overcome barriers and lobby for their values and interests to be represented in policies and management. We illustrate this via a case study: the Basque Country in Spain. Drawing on 33 qualitative in-depth semistructured interviews conducted in 2022 and 2023 with a wide variety of forestry actors, we aim to a) identify who the potential actors are that can trigger a change toward sustainable forest management, b) explore actors’ interactions and knowledge interchange that can foster a transformation toward sustainable forest management, and c) understand the opportunities and barriers that the main actors face to achieve sustainable forest plantation management. Our results show that a) those who may have the ability to induce a change in the forestry sector of the Basque Country are landowners, rangers and private sector companies; b) mutual learning happens in the day-to-day practices of forest plantation management while academic knowledge does not reach policy and practice; and c) barriers are related to managerial, political and individual dimensions that impair the way towards “close to nature” management and a “circular bioeconomy”, such as a perceived lack of supporting policies and knowledge, as well as increasing land abandonment. Opportunities to pose a potential way forward are, among others, forest plantations of native species providing high-quality timber, and opening access to additional markets, such as the ones funding the diversity of contributions that forest plantations may bring to people. Collaboration to overcome barriers for small-scale forest plantation management and actions to promote a stronger feeling of attachment to natural forests and forest plantations are essential to achieve sustainable forest management in the Basque Country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable associations of annual biomass increment with age, latitude and germination year in four tree species in Sweden","authors":"Anders Forsman ,&nbsp;Jonatan Isaksson ,&nbsp;Markus Franzén ,&nbsp;Johannes Edvardsson","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests are pivotal for biodiversity, food webs, and human economies, and as carbon sinks their climate change mitigation potential is undisputed. However, whether trees continue to efficiently accumulate biomass at an increasing rate with age, how growth trajectories respond to climate change, and vary with latitude at species range margins is under debate. Here, we combine tree-ring data with biometric equation modeling to analyze how annual biomass increment varies according to tree age, species, latitude, and germination year. We generated 26,225 estimates of annual biomass increments for 136 individual trees, representing two evergreen gymnosperm conifer species (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) H.Karst., and <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) and two deciduous angiosperm species (<em>Quercus</em> spp. L. and <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.). Our dataset includes some old trees (range 150 - 405 years), and samples from locations spanning &gt;10° latitude (55.0 - 66.3 °N) in Sweden. Annual biomass increments varied considerably between species, years and among individual trees within stands. On average, biomass increment remained positive throughout the lifespan across trees, species, and latitudes. Age-specific biomass increment was higher in the deciduous than in the evergreen species and declined with increasing latitude within species. For spruce and beech, biomass increment increased significantly with germination year, possibly reflecting faster growth in recent times in response to a warmer climate. The findings have implications for forestry practices aimed at productivity, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The socioeconomic dimension of forest therapy: A contribution to human well-being and sustainable forest management","authors":"Carsten Mann ,&nbsp;Mónica Hernández-Morcillo ,&nbsp;Harumi Ikei ,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Miyazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests provide a variety of ecosystem services that contribute in various ways to human well-being. In times of land-use pressures, urbanisation, and nature degradation, the societal demand for forest-based therapeutic uses is increasing. Although nature-related therapies and the beneficial effects of nature on health and well-being are an old concept in cultures such as Asia and, more recently, Europe, forest therapy offers are increasingly taking hold in the forest recreation landscape. This Commentary paper identifies recent forest therapy offers and research in Asia and Europe that focus on the therapeutic effects of forests and examine their underlying rationales, practices, and status. In particular, we elaborate the socioeconomic potential of forest therapy to contribute to human health and sustainable forest management. Based on a scoping review on forest therapy offers and research, we found that countries such as Japan and South Korea are ahead of European countries in the professionalization of forest therapy offers and respective studies. While the number of studies that demonstrate the positive health benefits of forests are increasing, there is a lack of understanding the link with forest management approaches and forest and health policies. A lack of socioeconomic evaluation hinders its successful integration into policy frameworks, and prevents its use as an alternative forestry product or preventive medical treatment. For forest therapy to become part of the forestry portfolio and a medical alternative, we recommend:<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Interdisciplinary research approaches and new actor alliances that link societal demands for forest therapy with insights from forest management and medical health research,</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Transdisciplinary research and multi-actor approaches to link insights from forest and medical research with practitioners’ skills for forest management, service design, and communication,</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>To identify trade-offs and conflict potentials with forest therapy, for example in relation to timber production or questions of insurance in case of injuries by falling branches etc., that allow to develop integrated and sustainable solutions,</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Policy backup and economic support for forest managers and owners to compensate for their efforts to manage their forests for therapeutic purposes</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Recognition of forest therapy as an explicit part of the forestry portfolio and an alternative medical offer for clinical treatments.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes about genetically advanced loblolly pine seedlings among foresters and family forest landowners in Georgia, United States","authors":"Matt Pruitt ,&nbsp;Carolina Berget ,&nbsp;Puneet Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Parag Kadam","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to estimate the adoption rate of genetically advanced loblolly pine (<em>Pinus taeda</em>) seedlings and better understand the factors influencing seedling choice among family forest landowners and consulting foresters in Georgia, a major forestry state in the Southern United States. We conducted two online surveys, one for landowners and one for registered foresters in Georgia. Our findings reveal that the adoption rate, self-reported knowledge, and positive perceptions of genetically advanced loblolly pine seedlings were high among respondents of both surveys. The adoption rate was 13.5 % of all managed forestlands by foresters (29.3 % for managed loblolly pine stands) and 18.0 % of all the forestlands (37.4 % of managed loblolly pine stands) owned by family forest landowners. Reasons for adopting among both groups included fast growth and favorable financial outcomes. However, barriers to adoption include cost, beliefs that other factors are equally or more important than the genetics of seedlings, and the need for more evidence. Furthermore, a high proportion of each group expressed an interest in adopting genetically advanced seedlings for increasing carbon revenue over time. Our findings suggest that more research about the related benefits is needed to increase the adoption of genetically advanced loblolly pine seedlings. We also found that communicating these benefits using trusted sources is also necessary. Our study will feed into the growing movement for using better genetics to improve forest productivity and reduce forest health issues in Georgia and beyond, especially on family forestlands, as they supply the majority of roundwood and other forest-based ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of prescribed fire on fungal communities in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests in Mediterranean transitional zones","authors":"Natalia Cuberos ,&nbsp;Ignacio Sanz-Benito ,&nbsp;Tatek Dejene ,&nbsp;Pablo Martín-Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mediterranean region is renowned for its natural susceptibility to wildfires. In recent years, this risk has intensified due to various factors, including climate change and rural abandonment. Castilla y Leon stands out as one of the most severely impacted areas grappling with rural exodus. This evolving scenario accentuates the urgency of implementing forest management strategies to mitigate the escalating threat of wildfires, with a primary focus on fuel reduction. Although prescribed fires represent an efficient and cost-effective tool for wildfire prevention, they remain a contentious subject in Europe. Fungi not only contribute significantly to rural economies but also play a pivotal role in maintaining the equilibrium of forest ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of prescribed burning on <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> soils, with a specific focus on the recovery of fungal populations after such fires. To assess the short-term effects of prescribed fires on soil fungal communities, we collected soil samples from both burned and unburned plots 12 months post-burning to perform genomic DNA analyses. Our findings indicate that prescribed burning does not significantly alter fungal diversity or composition, with only litter saprotrophs showing significantly higher levels of abundance in burned areas than in unburned areas. Valuable edible fungi persisted post-burning, suggesting that prescribed burning could be used to reduce wildfire fuel loads while preserving fungal biodiversity and valuable edible fungi. These results advocate for the use of prescribed burning as a viable, myco-friendly forest management practice, offering a balance between fire prevention and ecological conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are prevailing policy tools effective in conserving ecosystem services under individual private tenure? Challenges and policy gaps in a rapidly urbanizing region","authors":"Behnoosh Abbasnezhad ,&nbsp;Jesse B. Abrams","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forestlands worldwide provide vital ecosystem services (ES) essential for human well-being yet are facing rising threats from land-use/land-cover change. Land ownership patterns and property rights significantly influence land management practices and the protection of ES. Family forest owners (FFOs) are the targets of numerous conservation policies and programs, many of which are built around economic incentives and market-based instruments. This study combines a mail-administered survey with land use-land cover change modeling results to better understand whether FFOs plan to convert their properties, what motivates FFOs to adopt prevailing policies, and what other conservation policy models might be attractive. Our research focuses on FFOs whose parcels are identified as having high conservation values in a rapidly urbanizing watershed. Survey results show strong motivations among FFOs to protect biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and ES while expressing concerns about property taxes, regulations, and land-use threats. Our analysis indicates a relationship between anticipated land transfers or residential development and predicting factors including parcel size, government regulations, and tax concerns. Results reveal a gap between the design of existing conservation programs and FFOs’ interest in adoption. Limited interest in conservation easements and carbon markets underscores the need for more flexible conservation tools aligned with landowner preferences. Moreover, FFOs’ considerable awareness of existing conservation programs, alongside ongoing forest loss in the study region, underscores enrollment obstacles such as minimum-size eligibility requirements, thereby highlighting inadequacy of current frameworks in incentivizing long-term conservation outcomes. The findings from the studied watershed may have broader relevance for regions with similar land ownership patterns, land use dynamics, and political contexts worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}