Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101171
Luocan Zhou , Linjuan Huang , Jingzhong Shi , Yandi Qin , Lihui Deng , Shiyao Liang , Qile Tang , Guoqiang Tang , Wenhui Shen , Zhangqiang Tan , Weichao Teng
Long-term management of Pinus massoniana monoculture faces significant challenges, including low productivity, nutrient depletion, and weakened ecological functions. Alnus formosana, a native nitrogen-fixing species in southern China, can increase soil fertility and accelerates nutrient cycling. However, the impact of its mixed cultivation with P. massoniana on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remains unclear. This study assessed tree growth, soil characteristics, enzyme activity, and EMF in monocultures and mixed forests at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 ratios (APP, AP, and AAP). Results showed that mixed-species treatment significantly increased tree growth index (TGI) of A. formosana but decreased that of P. massoniana (P<0.05). In mixed forests, A. formosana had higher diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (TH), crown width (CW), clear bole height (CBH) and tree volume (V) than P. massoniana, and exhibited stronger competitive effects (Slope-A=1.12∼1.27) on DBH and CW compared to P. massoniana (Slope-P=0.65∼0.96). Soil quality index (SQI) and EMF significantly increased in mixed forests than in monocultures, as evidenced by higher soil C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities and related nutrients. In mixed forests, TGI was positively correlated with SQI of A. formosana but negatively correlated with that of P. massoniana, which led to the growth of A. formosana being more sensitive to available nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen), while the growth of P. massoniana was more reliant on soil total nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus). Notably, A. formosana exhibited the highest TGI, SQI, and EMF in the AAP treatment. Thus, the 2:1 (AAP) mixing ratio is recommended for the scientific management of P. massoniana and A. formosana mixed forests.
{"title":"Mixed plantations of Alnus formosana and Pinus massoniana improve ecosystem multifunctionality than monoculture plantations","authors":"Luocan Zhou , Linjuan Huang , Jingzhong Shi , Yandi Qin , Lihui Deng , Shiyao Liang , Qile Tang , Guoqiang Tang , Wenhui Shen , Zhangqiang Tan , Weichao Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term management of <em>Pinus massoniana</em> monoculture faces significant challenges, including low productivity, nutrient depletion, and weakened ecological functions. <em>Alnus formosana</em>, a native nitrogen-fixing species in southern China, can increase soil fertility and accelerates nutrient cycling. However, the impact of its mixed cultivation with <em>P. massoniana</em> on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remains unclear. This study assessed tree growth, soil characteristics, enzyme activity, and EMF in monocultures and mixed forests at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 ratios (APP, AP, and AAP). Results showed that mixed-species treatment significantly increased tree growth index (TGI) of <em>A. formosana</em> but decreased that of <em>P. massoniana</em> (<em>P</em><0.05)<em>.</em> In mixed forests, <em>A. formosana</em> had higher diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (TH), crown width (CW), clear bole height (CBH) and tree volume (V) than <em>P. massoniana</em>, and exhibited stronger competitive effects (Slope-A=1.12∼1.27) on DBH and CW compared to <em>P. massoniana</em> (Slope-P=0.65∼0.96). Soil quality index (SQI) and EMF significantly increased in mixed forests than in monocultures, as evidenced by higher soil C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities and related nutrients. In mixed forests, TGI was positively correlated with SQI of <em>A. formosana</em> but negatively correlated with that of <em>P. massoniana</em>, which led to the growth of <em>A. formosana</em> being more sensitive to available nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen), while the growth of <em>P. massoniana</em> was more reliant on soil total nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus). Notably, <em>A. formosana</em> exhibited the highest TGI, SQI, and EMF in the AAP treatment. Thus, the 2:1 (AAP) mixing ratio is recommended for the scientific management of <em>P. massoniana</em> and <em>A. formosana</em> mixed forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101170
Suelane Costa dos Santos , Francine Alves Nogueira de Almeida , Aléxia Gonçalves Pereira , Guilherme Bravim Canal , Jônatas Gomes Santos , Diego Pereira do Couto , Natália Zardo Barbiero , Sabrina Colodette Altoé , Matheus Alves Silva , Marcello Zatta Péres , Gabriel Lenen Javarini Moro , Vinicius Sartori Fioresi , Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira , Adésio Ferreira
Euterpe edulis is a promising palm tree in the fruit industry, which produces a pulp similar to açaí. Here, we investigated a commercial population of E. edulis for fruit production and pulp commercialization, which has been the subject of breeding studies aimed at selecting matrices. In this study, we compared the genetic diversity of the commercial population in the municipality of Rio Novo do Sul - ES, compared with natural populations distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, as well as to evaluate the phenotypic diversity for fruit traits over three years, in the commercial population. In the analysis of 637 individuals of E. edulis by genomic SNPs, 388 of the commercial population were compared with another 249 individuals from 26 natural populations of 26 locations. The analysis evaluated fruit traits in 2018, 2019, and 2021. The results indicate considerable allelic variability, relevant heterozygosity in the commercial population, and high diversity and low inbreeding. The natural populations are divided into three groups, and the populations south of the Atlantic Forest are distinguished from those analyzed. Among the 13 fruit traits evaluated, fruit and seed diameter showed the least variation with production traits. This study highlights that the managed area has a significant reserve of genetic variability, the potential to maintain the incentive for the sustainable use of the fruit for pulp production, and establishes a solid basis for practices that join the species conservation and sustainable management. Besides, the research highlighted the presence of exclusive genetic groups and alleles in the populations north and south of the Atlantic Forest, stressing the importance of conserving all populations to maintain this species’ genetic variability.
{"title":"Genomic diversity and broad characterization of fruits of Euterpe edulis Mart. in natural and managed populations","authors":"Suelane Costa dos Santos , Francine Alves Nogueira de Almeida , Aléxia Gonçalves Pereira , Guilherme Bravim Canal , Jônatas Gomes Santos , Diego Pereira do Couto , Natália Zardo Barbiero , Sabrina Colodette Altoé , Matheus Alves Silva , Marcello Zatta Péres , Gabriel Lenen Javarini Moro , Vinicius Sartori Fioresi , Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira , Adésio Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Euterpe edulis</em> is a promising palm tree in the fruit industry, which produces a pulp similar to açaí. Here, we investigated a commercial population of <em>E. edulis</em> for fruit production and pulp commercialization, which has been the subject of breeding studies aimed at selecting matrices. In this study, we compared the genetic diversity of the commercial population in the municipality of Rio Novo do Sul - ES, compared with natural populations distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, as well as to evaluate the phenotypic diversity for fruit traits over three years, in the commercial population. In the analysis of 637 individuals of <em>E. edulis</em> by genomic SNPs, 388 of the commercial population were compared with another 249 individuals from 26 natural populations of 26 locations. The analysis evaluated fruit traits in 2018, 2019, and 2021. The results indicate considerable allelic variability, relevant heterozygosity in the commercial population, and high diversity and low inbreeding. The natural populations are divided into three groups, and the populations south of the Atlantic Forest are distinguished from those analyzed. Among the 13 fruit traits evaluated, fruit and seed diameter showed the least variation with production traits. This study highlights that the managed area has a significant reserve of genetic variability, the potential to maintain the incentive for the sustainable use of the fruit for pulp production, and establishes a solid basis for practices that join the species conservation and sustainable management. Besides, the research highlighted the presence of exclusive genetic groups and alleles in the populations north and south of the Atlantic Forest, stressing the importance of conserving all populations to maintain this species’ genetic variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101169
Nita Dyola, Roberto Silvestro, Sergio Rossi
The vacuum system is largely used in the maple industry to enhance sap yield without compromising its quality. Understanding how vacuum influences the timings and dynamics of exudation compared with the traditional gravity system is crucial for maximizing yield and optimizing the productive process. This study tests two diverging hypotheses, i.e., the vacuum (i) extends the productive time window, and (ii) enhances the rate of sap extraction. We monitored sap exudation at high temporal resolution in 2023 in a commercial sugar bush at the Northern boundary of maple distribution in Quebec, Canada. Sap yield in vacuum and gravity was measured continuously with flow meters and tipping-bucket gauges, respectively. The sap season, lasting 34-36 days, was similar between the two systems. The vacuum reached 26.19 L tap⁻¹ compared with 13.45 L tap⁻¹ for gravity, representing an increase of 94.72%. While 13-20% of the days contributed to 82-89% of the total sap in gravity, the vacuum exhibited a lower variability in sap exudation and maintained a relatively consistent yield. Both systems relied on freeze–thaw cycles to trigger exudation, but vacuum amplified exudation, sustained yield during unfavorable weather conditions, and maintained nighttime production when gravity was unproductive. These results demonstrate how vacuum increases sap yield, primarily accelerating the extraction rates rather than extending the sap season. By stabilizing yield, vacuum ensures more predictable and reliable sap exudation, supporting workforce planning throughout the sap season.
{"title":"The vacuum system increases maple sap yield without extending the sugar season","authors":"Nita Dyola, Roberto Silvestro, Sergio Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vacuum system is largely used in the maple industry to enhance sap yield without compromising its quality. Understanding how vacuum influences the timings and dynamics of exudation compared with the traditional gravity system is crucial for maximizing yield and optimizing the productive process. This study tests two diverging hypotheses, i.e., the vacuum (i) extends the productive time window, and (ii) enhances the rate of sap extraction. We monitored sap exudation at high temporal resolution in 2023 in a commercial sugar bush at the Northern boundary of maple distribution in Quebec, Canada. Sap yield in vacuum and gravity was measured continuously with flow meters and tipping-bucket gauges, respectively. The sap season, lasting 34-36 days, was similar between the two systems. The vacuum reached 26.19 L tap⁻¹ compared with 13.45 L tap⁻¹ for gravity, representing an increase of 94.72%. While 13-20% of the days contributed to 82-89% of the total sap in gravity, the vacuum exhibited a lower variability in sap exudation and maintained a relatively consistent yield. Both systems relied on freeze–thaw cycles to trigger exudation, but vacuum amplified exudation, sustained yield during unfavorable weather conditions, and maintained nighttime production when gravity was unproductive. These results demonstrate how vacuum increases sap yield, primarily accelerating the extraction rates rather than extending the sap season. By stabilizing yield, vacuum ensures more predictable and reliable sap exudation, supporting workforce planning throughout the sap season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101167
Rodrigo Ferreira de Morais , Gustavo Hiroaki Shimizu , Leandro de Souza Pinheiro , Daniela Fernanda da Silva Fuzzo , Edimar Olegário de Campos Júnior , Enéas Ricardo Konzen , Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro Siqueira
This study presents an integrated qualitative and quantitative assessment of street trees in a medium-sized Brazilian city, aiming to evaluate species composition, tree health, infrastructure conflicts, spatial heterogeneity, and ecosystem service provision. The street-tree community exhibited strong dominance by a limited number of species and a high prevalence of exotic taxa, indicating low structural evenness and long-standing limitations in urban planning practices, which increase vulnerability to pests, diseases, and management failures. Most trees were classified as healthy or in good condition; however, biotic stressors such as fungal infections and insect activity significantly reduced the probability of individuals reaching higher health categories. Conflicts between trees and urban infrastructure were widespread, particularly those related to root exposure and interference with overhead utilities, and displayed clear spatial variation among neighborhoods, suggesting unequal planning strategies and maintenance efforts across the urban landscape. Although direct human damage to trees was generally low, its uneven distribution among species highlights species-specific susceptibility and management challenges. Ecosystem services, including carbon storage and microclimatic regulation, were disproportionately concentrated in a small subset of species, reinforcing the structural fragility of the system despite its current functional importance. By integrating health assessment, conflict indices, spatial analysis, and biomass estimation within a unified analytical framework, this study advances urban forestry practice by offering a replicable approach for diagnosing vulnerabilities and prioritizing management actions. The findings emphasize the importance of coordinated municipal planning that explicitly incorporates species diversity and spatial equity as core elements for developing more resilient and sustainable street-tree systems in medium-sized cities.
{"title":"Street-tree composition, infrastructure conflicts and carbon storage in a medium-sized Brazilian city","authors":"Rodrigo Ferreira de Morais , Gustavo Hiroaki Shimizu , Leandro de Souza Pinheiro , Daniela Fernanda da Silva Fuzzo , Edimar Olegário de Campos Júnior , Enéas Ricardo Konzen , Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro Siqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated qualitative and quantitative assessment of street trees in a medium-sized Brazilian city, aiming to evaluate species composition, tree health, infrastructure conflicts, spatial heterogeneity, and ecosystem service provision. The street-tree community exhibited strong dominance by a limited number of species and a high prevalence of exotic taxa, indicating low structural evenness and long-standing limitations in urban planning practices, which increase vulnerability to pests, diseases, and management failures. Most trees were classified as healthy or in good condition; however, biotic stressors such as fungal infections and insect activity significantly reduced the probability of individuals reaching higher health categories. Conflicts between trees and urban infrastructure were widespread, particularly those related to root exposure and interference with overhead utilities, and displayed clear spatial variation among neighborhoods, suggesting unequal planning strategies and maintenance efforts across the urban landscape. Although direct human damage to trees was generally low, its uneven distribution among species highlights species-specific susceptibility and management challenges. Ecosystem services, including carbon storage and microclimatic regulation, were disproportionately concentrated in a small subset of species, reinforcing the structural fragility of the system despite its current functional importance. By integrating health assessment, conflict indices, spatial analysis, and biomass estimation within a unified analytical framework, this study advances urban forestry practice by offering a replicable approach for diagnosing vulnerabilities and prioritizing management actions. The findings emphasize the importance of coordinated municipal planning that explicitly incorporates species diversity and spatial equity as core elements for developing more resilient and sustainable street-tree systems in medium-sized cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101168
Bipul Krishna Das , Mohammad Firoj Jaman , Mohammed Jashimuddin , Aklima Nargis , Md. Sharifuzzaman , Md.Mehedi Hasan Khan , Pradip Kumar Sarker
Protected areas are central to global biodiversity conservation strategies, yet their effectiveness is often shaped more by governance conditions than by ecological design. This study examines governance dynamics in Inani National Park (INP), a newly gazetted protected area in southeastern Bangladesh. Drawing on 43 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from government agencies, law enforcement authorities, local administrations, community-based organisations—including local elites and resource users—and national and international non-governmental organisations, we assess perceived management challenges, coordination gaps, and pathways for improvement. Findings indicate that inadequate logistical support and staffing capacity within the Bangladesh Forest Department represent the most critical constraints (54.6%), followed by broader governance inefficiencies (27.3%) and weak inter-agency coordination (18.2%). Stakeholder recommendations focused on strengthening institutional capacity (63.6%), enhancing law enforcement effectiveness (29.6%), and expanding alternative livelihood opportunities to reduce pressure on forest resources (22.7%). Lessons derived from stakeholder experience underscore the importance of co-management arrangements, meaningful community participation, and local government engagement, alongside recognition of biodiversity conservation as a shared global responsibility. By situating these findings within international debates on the conservation “implementation gap,” this study demonstrates how institutional capacity, participatory governance mechanisms, and cross-sectoral collaboration interact to shape conservation outcomes in newly designated protected areas. The INP case advances global scholarship on protected area governance and offers practical insights for aligning national conservation commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sustainable Development Goals with site-level realities in the Global South.
{"title":"Forest governance implementation challenges in protected areas of Southeast Bangladesh","authors":"Bipul Krishna Das , Mohammad Firoj Jaman , Mohammed Jashimuddin , Aklima Nargis , Md. Sharifuzzaman , Md.Mehedi Hasan Khan , Pradip Kumar Sarker","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protected areas are central to global biodiversity conservation strategies, yet their effectiveness is often shaped more by governance conditions than by ecological design. This study examines governance dynamics in Inani National Park (INP), a newly gazetted protected area in southeastern Bangladesh. Drawing on 43 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from government agencies, law enforcement authorities, local administrations, community-based organisations—including local elites and resource users—and national and international non-governmental organisations, we assess perceived management challenges, coordination gaps, and pathways for improvement. Findings indicate that inadequate logistical support and staffing capacity within the Bangladesh Forest Department represent the most critical constraints (54.6%), followed by broader governance inefficiencies (27.3%) and weak inter-agency coordination (18.2%). Stakeholder recommendations focused on strengthening institutional capacity (63.6%), enhancing law enforcement effectiveness (29.6%), and expanding alternative livelihood opportunities to reduce pressure on forest resources (22.7%). Lessons derived from stakeholder experience underscore the importance of co-management arrangements, meaningful community participation, and local government engagement, alongside recognition of biodiversity conservation as a shared global responsibility. By situating these findings within international debates on the conservation “implementation gap,” this study demonstrates how institutional capacity, participatory governance mechanisms, and cross-sectoral collaboration interact to shape conservation outcomes in newly designated protected areas. The INP case advances global scholarship on protected area governance and offers practical insights for aligning national conservation commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sustainable Development Goals with site-level realities in the Global South.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101166
Mary Mulligan , Heiko Faust , Lutz Fehrmann , Fabian Brambach , Cesar A. Mappatoba , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin , Adam Malik , Tatang Tiryana , I Nengah Surati Jaya , Christoph Kleinn
Biodiversity monitoring enhances our understanding of the natural environment, provides insights into ecological trends, and evaluates the effectiveness of conservation and management efforts. However, less is known about how such monitoring affects those who conduct it, both in terms of personal benefits and potential shifts in their environmental perspectives. To explore these impacts, we (the project consortium) interviewed the 44 individuals who participated in a biodiversity monitoring campaign from February 2023 to February 2024 in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia. All respondents reported enhanced knowledge and professional networks, while the vast majority also highlighted increased income generation (97 %), capacity development (92 %), and personal fulfillment (97 %). Most respondents reported increased awareness, motivation, and knowledge related to the national park and its preservation, with 43 % of responses classified as a genuine perspective shift. Participants from the local communities in particular described a heightened sense of pride and responsibility towards protecting the park’s natural resources. More broadly, 80 % of respondents expressed a positive perspective shift towards nature and the environment as a whole. These findings align with participant outcomes observed in both citizen science and other collaborative monitoring contexts, suggesting that, beyond scientific and management benefits, biodiversity monitoring campaigns also provide meaningful social, economic, and educational benefits. These additional outcomes support both conservation and local development and should be considered when planning future monitoring campaigns.
{"title":"How does biodiversity monitoring impact those who conduct it? Reported outcomes and perspectives of a field team in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia","authors":"Mary Mulligan , Heiko Faust , Lutz Fehrmann , Fabian Brambach , Cesar A. Mappatoba , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin , Adam Malik , Tatang Tiryana , I Nengah Surati Jaya , Christoph Kleinn","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity monitoring enhances our understanding of the natural environment, provides insights into ecological trends, and evaluates the effectiveness of conservation and management efforts. However, less is known about how such monitoring affects those who conduct it, both in terms of personal benefits and potential shifts in their environmental perspectives. To explore these impacts, we (the project consortium) interviewed the 44 individuals who participated in a biodiversity monitoring campaign from February 2023 to February 2024 in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia. All respondents reported enhanced knowledge and professional networks, while the vast majority also highlighted increased income generation (97 %), capacity development (92 %), and personal fulfillment (97 %). Most respondents reported increased awareness, motivation, and knowledge related to the national park and its preservation, with 43 % of responses classified as a genuine perspective shift. Participants from the local communities in particular described a heightened sense of pride and responsibility towards protecting the park’s natural resources. More broadly, 80 % of respondents expressed a positive perspective shift towards nature and the environment as a whole. These findings align with participant outcomes observed in both citizen science and other collaborative monitoring contexts, suggesting that, beyond scientific and management benefits, biodiversity monitoring campaigns also provide meaningful social, economic, and educational benefits. These additional outcomes support both conservation and local development and should be considered when planning future monitoring campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101164
AR Chichaghare , SB Chavan , GB Rawale , AR Uthappa , VD Kakade , AS Morade , SS Changan , Nobin Paul , VB Gawade , PS Khapte , PS Basavaraj , RR Babar , Sandeep B Adavi , DD Nangare , CB Harisha , Hanamant M Halli , KS Reddy
Agroforestry influences microclimate and resource availability, particularly light, soil moisture, and nutrients, thus favouring the often growth of associated crops. This study aims to assess whether tree shade act as stress or the leveraging factor in degraded soil environment of semi-arid Shallow Basaltic Deccan plateau, India. We hypotheses that tree shades influence physiological and biochemical traits of understory crops and modify yield. This field study evaluated the shade-induced effect of a 9-year-old trees (Emblica officinalis) on microclimate modifications and associated stress regulation on intercropped chickpea varieties (Digvijay and Vijay) in shallow basaltic poor soils. Weekly light intensity readings were collected for 12 weeks to categorise the natural shade gradients as 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % shade levels and compared with the open field (0 %). Results revealed that shade delayed the flowering by 12–16 days, improved relative water content by 6–9 %, and reduced canopy temperatures by 3–5°C; consequently, it delayed the maturity by 4–9 days and enhanced biomass accumulation by 36–72 % and other physiological traits in chickpea varieties. Maximum yield (1.55 Mg ha⁻¹) was recorded under 50 % shade, with Digvijay outperforming Vijay (1.46 vs. 1.03 Mg ha⁻¹). As a result, stress indicators such as proline and ascorbic acid were produced at lower levels under shade conditions. The crop status index, effectively captured plant health variation across shade levels, showing a strong correlation with yield. Therefore, findings highlight that tree shade acts as a leveraging factor, effectively buffering against moisture stress and high light intensity, owing to moderation in ambient temperature on degraded soil environments. This nature-based solution could be a sustainable potential climate adaptation option to enhance the productivity and imparting resilience under degraded conditions particularly in face of climate change extremities.
{"title":"Tree shade mitigates stress and enhances chickpea productivity: Insights from an Emblica officinalis-based agroforestry system in semi-arid shallow Basaltic Deccan Plateau, India","authors":"AR Chichaghare , SB Chavan , GB Rawale , AR Uthappa , VD Kakade , AS Morade , SS Changan , Nobin Paul , VB Gawade , PS Khapte , PS Basavaraj , RR Babar , Sandeep B Adavi , DD Nangare , CB Harisha , Hanamant M Halli , KS Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry influences microclimate and resource availability, particularly light, soil moisture, and nutrients, thus favouring the often growth of associated crops. This study aims to assess whether tree shade act as stress or the leveraging factor in degraded soil environment of semi-arid Shallow Basaltic Deccan plateau, India. We hypotheses that tree shades influence physiological and biochemical traits of understory crops and modify yield. This field study evaluated the shade-induced effect of a 9-year-old trees (<em>Emblica officinalis</em>) on microclimate modifications and associated stress regulation on intercropped chickpea varieties (Digvijay and Vijay) in shallow basaltic poor soils. Weekly light intensity readings were collected for 12 weeks to categorise the natural shade gradients as 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % shade levels and compared with the open field (0 %). Results revealed that shade delayed the flowering by 12–16 days, improved relative water content by 6–9 %, and reduced canopy temperatures by 3–5°C; consequently, it delayed the maturity by 4–9 days and enhanced biomass accumulation by 36–72 % and other physiological traits in chickpea varieties. Maximum yield (1.55 Mg ha⁻¹) was recorded under 50 % shade, with Digvijay outperforming Vijay (1.46 vs. 1.03 Mg ha⁻¹). As a result, stress indicators such as proline and ascorbic acid were produced at lower levels under shade conditions. The crop status index, effectively captured plant health variation across shade levels, showing a strong correlation with yield. Therefore, findings highlight that tree shade acts as a leveraging factor, effectively buffering against moisture stress and high light intensity, owing to moderation in ambient temperature on degraded soil environments. This nature-based solution could be a sustainable potential climate adaptation option to enhance the productivity and imparting resilience under degraded conditions particularly in face of climate change extremities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101158
Chaohang Zhang , Ying Zhang , Haofeng Bao , Yufeng Chen , Wenbo Li , Fengying Guan , Xianhua Wang , Zhihong Xu , Shahla Hosseini Bai , Chaomao Hui , Weiyi Liu
<div><div>The traditional harvesting practice for bamboo forests is selective cutting, which targets culms older than four years. In order to reduce labor and harvesting costs, new methods have been proposed in recent years, including strip harvesting for monopodial bamboos and clump harvesting for sympodial bamboos. These approaches not only lower management inputs but also emphasize the integrity and sustainability of bamboo forest ecosystems by retaining a certain number of bamboo clumps to promote natural regeneration and ecological restoration. <em>Dendrocalamus giganteus</em>, commonly known as Dragon bamboo, is a large, clump-forming bamboo species widely cultivated in southwestern Yunnan, China. It serves as an important raw material for construction, papermaking, and furniture manufacturing, with substantial practical and economic value. In previous studies, the research team focused on <em>D. giganteus</em> and investigated the growth conditions of bamboo stands under four different harvesting intensities (conventional selective harvesting, 1/3 clump harvesting, 1/2 clump harvesting, and complete clump harvesting). The results showed that 1/2 clump harvesting had the highest overall evaluation. To investigate the variation patterns of rhizosphere soil characteristics and their effects on organ nutrient distribution in <em>D. giganteus</em> with different stand ages after 1/2 clump harvesting restoration, 1- to 4-year-old <em>D. giganteus</em> were selected as the research objects. The nutrient content in plant organs, soil chemical properties, enzyme activity levels, and rhizosphere soil microbial community structure were measured. Variation patterns were analyzed, the key soil chemical factors driving changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were identified, and a model of the influencing factors of soil chemical properties and microbial community structure on organ nutrient distribution in <em>D. giganteus</em> was constructed using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The main findings were as follows: (1) Rhizosphere soil nutrient contents of older bamboo culms were higher than those of younger ones after 1/2 clump harvesting recovery. (2) The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, while the dominant fungal phyla were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, 1/2 clump harvesting altered the composition of dominant fungal taxa across stand ages. (3) Soil pH, SOM, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N were the primary factors influencing bacterial community assembly (p < 0.01), whereas fungal communities were primarily regulated by AP, pH, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N (p < 0.01). (4) Nutrient contents in roots and culms were mainly influenced by bacterial communities, while branch nutrients were more affected by soil chemical properties, and leaf nutrients were largely governed by fungal communities. The variation patterns of organ nutrient content, rhiz
{"title":"Rhizosphere soil characteristics at different stand ages affect on plant organs’ nutrient distribution of Dendrocalamus giganteus forests following recovery of half-clump harvesting","authors":"Chaohang Zhang , Ying Zhang , Haofeng Bao , Yufeng Chen , Wenbo Li , Fengying Guan , Xianhua Wang , Zhihong Xu , Shahla Hosseini Bai , Chaomao Hui , Weiyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional harvesting practice for bamboo forests is selective cutting, which targets culms older than four years. In order to reduce labor and harvesting costs, new methods have been proposed in recent years, including strip harvesting for monopodial bamboos and clump harvesting for sympodial bamboos. These approaches not only lower management inputs but also emphasize the integrity and sustainability of bamboo forest ecosystems by retaining a certain number of bamboo clumps to promote natural regeneration and ecological restoration. <em>Dendrocalamus giganteus</em>, commonly known as Dragon bamboo, is a large, clump-forming bamboo species widely cultivated in southwestern Yunnan, China. It serves as an important raw material for construction, papermaking, and furniture manufacturing, with substantial practical and economic value. In previous studies, the research team focused on <em>D. giganteus</em> and investigated the growth conditions of bamboo stands under four different harvesting intensities (conventional selective harvesting, 1/3 clump harvesting, 1/2 clump harvesting, and complete clump harvesting). The results showed that 1/2 clump harvesting had the highest overall evaluation. To investigate the variation patterns of rhizosphere soil characteristics and their effects on organ nutrient distribution in <em>D. giganteus</em> with different stand ages after 1/2 clump harvesting restoration, 1- to 4-year-old <em>D. giganteus</em> were selected as the research objects. The nutrient content in plant organs, soil chemical properties, enzyme activity levels, and rhizosphere soil microbial community structure were measured. Variation patterns were analyzed, the key soil chemical factors driving changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were identified, and a model of the influencing factors of soil chemical properties and microbial community structure on organ nutrient distribution in <em>D. giganteus</em> was constructed using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The main findings were as follows: (1) Rhizosphere soil nutrient contents of older bamboo culms were higher than those of younger ones after 1/2 clump harvesting recovery. (2) The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, while the dominant fungal phyla were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, 1/2 clump harvesting altered the composition of dominant fungal taxa across stand ages. (3) Soil pH, SOM, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N were the primary factors influencing bacterial community assembly (p < 0.01), whereas fungal communities were primarily regulated by AP, pH, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N (p < 0.01). (4) Nutrient contents in roots and culms were mainly influenced by bacterial communities, while branch nutrients were more affected by soil chemical properties, and leaf nutrients were largely governed by fungal communities. The variation patterns of organ nutrient content, rhiz","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101154
Sina Irannejad, Hossein Bagheri
Accurate estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential for sustainable forest management and climate change monitoring; however, conventional remote sensing approaches often rely on a single data type and provide limited interpretability. This study introduces a novel framework that systematically integrates multi-sensor remote sensing (Sentinel-1 SAR, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8 optical data), process-based climate variables (Climate-FVS), and LiDAR-derived topographic indices into deep learning models. By coupling these fusion scenarios with explainable AI (XAI) analyses, the framework not only improves predictive accuracy but also reveals the relative contribution of ecological drivers such as precipitation, temperature, and short-wave infrared bands. Seven U-Net-based architectures, including U-Net3+, TransU-Net, and Attention U-Net, were trained and evaluated using RMSE, MAE, and R² metrics. Results showed that U-Net3+ achieved the highest performance under the complete fusion scenario, with an RMSE of 28.10 Mg/ha, an MAE of 17.49 Mg/ha, and an R² of 0.89. XAI analyses highlighted that SWIR1, SWIR2, and Red bands were the most influential predictors, while climatic variables significantly improved model generalization in topographically complex areas. The highest errors occurred at vegetation boundaries and steep terrain. These findings demonstrate that multi-source data fusion combined with interpretable deep learning provides a robust pathway for both accurate AGB estimation and a deeper understanding of its environmental drivers, directly supporting carbon accounting and sustainable forest management.
{"title":"Explaining ecological drivers and management implications of forest biomass: An explainable deep learning fusion of remote sensing and climate data","authors":"Sina Irannejad, Hossein Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential for sustainable forest management and climate change monitoring; however, conventional remote sensing approaches often rely on a single data type and provide limited interpretability. This study introduces a novel framework that systematically integrates multi-sensor remote sensing (Sentinel-1 SAR, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8 optical data), process-based climate variables (Climate-FVS), and LiDAR-derived topographic indices into deep learning models. By coupling these fusion scenarios with explainable AI (XAI) analyses, the framework not only improves predictive accuracy but also reveals the relative contribution of ecological drivers such as precipitation, temperature, and short-wave infrared bands. Seven U-Net-based architectures, including U-Net3+, TransU-Net, and Attention U-Net, were trained and evaluated using RMSE, MAE, and R² metrics. Results showed that U-Net3+ achieved the highest performance under the complete fusion scenario, with an RMSE of 28.10 Mg/ha, an MAE of 17.49 Mg/ha, and an R² of 0.89. XAI analyses highlighted that SWIR1, SWIR2, and Red bands were the most influential predictors, while climatic variables significantly improved model generalization in topographically complex areas. The highest errors occurred at vegetation boundaries and steep terrain. These findings demonstrate that multi-source data fusion combined with interpretable deep learning provides a robust pathway for both accurate AGB estimation and a deeper understanding of its environmental drivers, directly supporting carbon accounting and sustainable forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101145
I Wayan Koko Suryawan , Sapta Suhardono , Evi Siti Sofiyah , Ari Rahman , Nova Ulhasanah , Mega Mutiara Sari , Chun-Hung Lee
The escalating risks of forest fires, intensified by climate change particularly those linked to anthropogenic factors such as tourist behavior in Bromo, Indonesia underscore the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of stakeholder support for preventive and adaptive management strategies. This study employs an Integrated Climate Governance (ICG) framework to evaluate tourist values and their willingness to pay (WTP) for forest fire management interventions. A Choice Experiment was utilized to present respondents with structured trade-offs concerning key management attributes, and a Latent Class Model (LCM) was implemented to identify distinct preference segments. Three tourist classes emerged from the analysis. Class 1 (55.5%) exhibited a strong WTP for advanced green area management while demonstrating limited support for moderate ecological enhancements. Class 2 (31%) articulated clear preferences for basic early warning systems and effective evacuation facilities, emphasizing practical and accessible safety measures. Conversely, Class 3 (13.5%) displayed WTP estimates that could not be statistically identified, indicating the need for further investigation into the preferences and decision-making tendencies of this cohort. Across all classes, a higher monthly income consistently predicted an increased WTP, reflecting a greater willingness among affluent tourists to contribute financially to fire management initiatives. Overall, the findings indicate that the ICG framework effectively captures heterogeneous tourist preferences and their associated economic implications. By highlighting differentiated priorities among tourist groups, the study reinforces the importance of tailoring fire management strategies to specific user segments and leveraging contributions from higher-income visitors to support critical safety investments. These insights provide a foundation for developing more targeted, equitable, and financially sustainable forest fire management policies in climate-vulnerable tourism destinations.
{"title":"Integrated climate governance framework for forest fire management: A hypothetical application in Indonesia","authors":"I Wayan Koko Suryawan , Sapta Suhardono , Evi Siti Sofiyah , Ari Rahman , Nova Ulhasanah , Mega Mutiara Sari , Chun-Hung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating risks of forest fires, intensified by climate change particularly those linked to anthropogenic factors such as tourist behavior in Bromo, Indonesia underscore the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of stakeholder support for preventive and adaptive management strategies. This study employs an Integrated Climate Governance (ICG) framework to evaluate tourist values and their willingness to pay (WTP) for forest fire management interventions. A Choice Experiment was utilized to present respondents with structured trade-offs concerning key management attributes, and a Latent Class Model (LCM) was implemented to identify distinct preference segments. Three tourist classes emerged from the analysis. Class 1 (55.5%) exhibited a strong WTP for advanced green area management while demonstrating limited support for moderate ecological enhancements. Class 2 (31%) articulated clear preferences for basic early warning systems and effective evacuation facilities, emphasizing practical and accessible safety measures. Conversely, Class 3 (13.5%) displayed WTP estimates that could not be statistically identified, indicating the need for further investigation into the preferences and decision-making tendencies of this cohort. Across all classes, a higher monthly income consistently predicted an increased WTP, reflecting a greater willingness among affluent tourists to contribute financially to fire management initiatives. Overall, the findings indicate that the ICG framework effectively captures heterogeneous tourist preferences and their associated economic implications. By highlighting differentiated priorities among tourist groups, the study reinforces the importance of tailoring fire management strategies to specific user segments and leveraging contributions from higher-income visitors to support critical safety investments. These insights provide a foundation for developing more targeted, equitable, and financially sustainable forest fire management policies in climate-vulnerable tourism destinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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