Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

Background and Aims

Unfavourable changes in body composition are frequently reported in children with cancer. An easy and affordable method to measure body composition is bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). In this study, we compared the Tanita MC780-MA Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita) versus the Bodystat Quadscan 4000 analyzer (Bodystat) to determine whether the Tanita is a suitable analyzer for pediatric oncology patients.

Methods

In this study, 84 childhood cancer patients/survivors were included. Per patient 1, 2 or 3 visits were planned during or after treatment. During each visit, BIA measurements were performed first with the Tanita analyzer followed by the Bodystat analyzer. In total, 131 measurements were included. Spearman correlation and concordance correlation coefficients of Lin (CCC) were calculated for fat percentage (Fat%), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). Bland-Altman plots were constructed to assess the agreement between both analyzers.

Results

Fat%, FM and FFM values differed statistically significantly when comparing the BIA devices (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p<0.001), but absolute differences between medians were small. Spearman correlations and CCC’s were high for FM (0.94 and 0.92, respectively) and FFM (0.99 and 0.99, respectively), but moderate for Fat% (0.70 and 0.65, respectively). Bland-Altman plots did not show low differences of means (biases; for Fat%, FM and FFM 2,6%, 0,6 kg and -0,6 kg respectively), but relatively large limits of agreement (-9.77% – 15.89% , -5.6 kg – 7.2 kg and -5.9 kg – 4.6 kg respectively).

Conclusions

Based on the good agreement between the Tanita and Bodystat on group level, and the fact that the Tanita is a more patient-friendly device, the Tanita can be used to measure body composition instead of the Bodystat in pediatric oncology patients, making it easier and faster to gain information about body composition.

Context

Hepatic and renal damages manifest in patients with acute or chronic heart failure after the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI).

Objective

Our objective in this study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and taurine, which are bioactive compounds with protective functions, on liver and kidney toxicity rat exposed to isoprenaline, a popular tool for MI induction.

Materials and methods

Following two (2) consecutive days of exposure to isoprenaline (200 mg/kg, i.p.), adult Wistar rats were treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and taurine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) singly and in combination for 19 days. Following 21 days of experimentation, blood, liver and kidney were collected for biochemical and histological studies indicative of hepatic and kidney damage.

Results

Our result showed that CoQ10 and taurine significantly decreased serum LDH, AST, ALT, and ALP, indicative of hepatic damage compared to isoprenaline groups. The increased creatinine and urea release suggestive of kidney dysfunction were suppressed by CoQ10 and taurine relative to the isoprenaline group. Additionally, CoQ10 and taurine significantly reversed isoprenaline-mediated oxidative stress-induced liver and kidney damage, which are shown by decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite accompanied by increased antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GST, GSH). Modifications to cellular histoarchitectural and fibrosis of the hepatic and renal tissues were attenuated by CoQ10 and taurine therapy.

Discussion and conclusion

The findings from this study suggest that CoQ10 and taurine supplements may prevent isoprenaline-induced hepatorenal dysfunctions, possibly by alleviating oxidative stress and histoarchitectural protective functions of the hepatic and kidney cells.

Background & Aims

Sarcopenia and myosteatosis are proving to be major factors to predict mortality in intensive care patients. Few studies are currently focusing on evaluating the functional impact after intensive care discharge and none has considered sarcopenia and myosteatosis as prognostic factors.

The aim of our study was to determine whether sarcopenia and myosteatosis are reliable prognostic factors for mid-term functional impact in critical patients a few months after intensive care discharge.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective monocentric study using computed-tomography scanner performed on intensive care admission and/or three months after discharge to assess sarcopenia and myosteatosis in 43 patients with critical illnesses who underwent a multidisciplinary evaluation on a multidisciplinary consultation's day hospital.

We used L3 and/or T4 computed-tomography-scan levels to assess sarcopenia with the skeletal muscle index and myosteatosis with skeletal muscle density. These data were compared with main patient characteristics on intensive care admission and during intensive care stay and with functional assessments at the post intensive care multidisciplinary consultations, based on hand grip strength test, 6-minute walking test, and peak inspiratory pressure.

Results

We found a good correlation of both skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density for T4 and L3 levels. Skeletal muscle index was correlated with hand grip strength test, and skeletal muscle density with 6-minute walking test, which are both functional tests recommended in the algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to diagnose sarcopenia. Peak inspiratory pressure was correlated with both skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density and also with other functional tests.

Conclusions

We confirmed the reliability of thoracic computed-tomography-scan to assess sarcopenia and myosteatosis. We found that skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density are independent but complementary predictive factors for functional impact at mid-term in intensive care patients. Peak inspiratory pressure could be a useful tool for the assessment and management of sarcopenia.

Purpose

To identify what impacts the ketogenic diet (KD) may have on the outcomes of the highly prevalent neurological diseases (NDs) in the UK. These NDs are migraine, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, fibromyalgia and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Additionally, if KD does impact the NDs outcomes, to identify by what biochemical mechanisms that does occur.

Methods

Studies using KD as an intervention to treat NDs were identified through electronic database searches which comprise of 4 main themes (highly prevalent NDs, KD, neurological outcomes and biochemical mechanisms). Quality appraisal tools and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were used to assess the quality of studies and evidence identified.

Results

Twelve articles were identified and no studies for fibromyalgia and RLS. KD had positive impacts on all outcomes in migraine (attack frequency, duration, intensity, etc.) and stroke (balance & coordination, sensation, etc.). KD also had positive impacts on all outcomes in TBI ranging from physical, mental & behaviour and cognitive aspects, except no impact on “anxiety-like behaviour” and “brain oedema”. Improvement of mitochondria metabolism and reduction of neuroinflammation are the common biochemical mechanisms of KD improving the NDs outcomes. The specific mechanisms for migraine, TBI and stroke include inhibition of neuronal excitability, preservation of brain volume and increase in adenosine activity respectively.

Conclusion

KD improved almost all outcomes in migraine, TBI and stroke by different biochemical mechanisms. However, cautions are needed to be taken while interpreting the results as RCTs on humans were lacking in this review.

Background

Optimal blood glucose management is essential for optimal managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Exercise is an efficacious, non-pharmacological, and cost-efficient adjunctive treatment that provides additional health benefits. Nevertheless, many adolescents with T1D are not meeting recommended physical activity levels and struggle with implementing appropriate management strategies around exercise.

Aims

To investigate in adolescents with T1D: 1) physical activity levels; 2) management strategies utilised around physical activity; and 3) barriers and facilitators to physical activity engagement.

Methods

Physical activity levels were assessed using the PAQ-C and PAQ-A questionnaires. A cut-off score of 2.75 was adopted to classify participants as meeting the recommended ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous daily physical activity. Semi-structured interviews with 16 adolescents were conducted, followed by NVivo-assisted thematic analysis.

Results

The mean PAQ-score was 2.7(SD±0.77), with 25% adhering to the recommended physical activity guidelines. Themes related to management strategies were explored, including blood glucose monitoring, insulin-related, exercise-related, and nutrition-related strategies. Identified barriers included limited T1D management knowledge, negative social impact, difficulty with technology, poor planning and organisation, individual physiological responses, and the burden of T1D management. Facilitators included the ability to optimally manage the condition, having supportive people who understand and service supports.

Conclusions

This study identified barriers and facilitators to managing blood glucose levels around and during physical activity in adolescents with T1D. This provides clinical insights into the management strategies utilised around physical activity and factors affecting participation that can inform the future promotion of physical activity in this population. In this cohort, two-thirds did not meet the recommended physical activity levels. Physical activity participation was primarily influenced by adolescents' confidence and ability to manage their condition around exercise. Exercise promotion strategies should focus on supporting optimal exercise management patterns for adolescents with T1D.

Background & Aims

Polyphenols are plant secondary compounds that possess antioxidant properties associated with preventing inflammation-mediated ailments such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Recent studies hint at their capacity to enhance exercise performance. Berries, in addition to containing high amounts of essential vitamins and minerals, are extremely rich in polyphenols. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compile relevant human randomized controlled trials exploring the potential of polyphenol-rich berries to enhance exercise performance and associated biomarkers.

Methods

The PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using keywords related to berry supplementation, exercise performance, and biomarkers of performance. In total, 2374 articles were screened and 14 were included in the analysis.

Results

The results indicate no statistically significant effect of berry supplementation on exercise performance and its associated biomarkers. However, there is a trend towards a positive pooled effect size of berry supplementation on time to exhaustion (SMD: 0.57, Z: 1.51, P-value: 0.13). Furthermore, all pooled effect sizes favor berry supplementation.

Conclusions

Due to variations in testing protocols and biomarkers of interest among the studies included, no more than 7 articles were included for any given outcome measure. This underscores the necessity for additional high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to strengthen the evidence and allow for recommendations to be made regarding the performance enhancing effects of berry consumption. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NCAVJ).

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine factors including biochemical markers, dietary habits, and social-anthropometric associated with uncontrolled hypertension among elderly hypertension in rural regions of Vietnam.

Methods

This study included 272 hypertension patients aged over 60 years. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and risk factors associated with hypertension were from the cross-sectional study of 272 customers at the Medical Examination Department, Samson General Hospital, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Dietary habits were by using a frequency questionnaire. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg in a patient taking anti-hypertensive medication.

Generalized multiple linear regression was used to assess the impact of related factors on blood pressure, which were used as the dependent variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of related factors for hypertension status.

Results

The study found that men had more uncontrolled hypertension than women among the elderly population. The prevalences of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia were high in both controlled and uncontrolled groups. There was an inverse association between fruits (p=0.021) and vegetable consumption (p=0.038) and a positive correlation between salty habits (p=0.040) and processed food (p<0.001) with blood pressure in the uncontrolled hypertension group. Notably, in multivariable models, a high level of drinking habits was positively associated with uncontrolled hypertension (OR: 8.0; 95% CI: 1.0–63.2) and lack of vegetables (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1–5.0) in compared to those with controlled hypertension.

Conclusions

This study suggests that unhealthy dietary habits including lack of vegetable consumption and high drinking habits are important factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in elderly patients in rural Vietnam.

Background

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the most widespread reason for admission to the hospital during the first half of pregnancy. HG etiology is not clear in many cases. However, maternal body composition and pre-pregnancy diet are suggested as possible factors. This hospital-based case-control study aims to determine the link between the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and pre-pregnancy anthropometric indicators with Hyperemesis gravidarum.

Methods

A total of 45 women with incident HG and 126 controls were entered into this case-control study between April 2020 and June 2021. A repeatable and accurate 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to define the MDS. The association between MDS and HG odds was examined through adjustment by possible confounders by the estimation of multivariate regression models.

Results

The median (interquartile range) pre-pregnancy body mass index of participants was 22.7 (21.7–25.9) and 22.9 (21.4–25) Kg/m² in cases and controls, respectively (P=0.284). The adjusted analyses found that the MDS was associated with a 25% reduced odds of HG (odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.24–0.91). Body mass index and waist circumference before pregnancy were not significantly associated with HG odds in both regression models.

Conclusions

The odds of HG during pregnancy are lower in women with a higher MDS before pregnancy. Also, a high intake of fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, and fish before pregnancy is liked with a lower HG odds.

Background & Aims

Adoption and maintenance of healthy diets among vulnerable populations, such as cancer patients, can be challenging. The preliminary study of sensory-hedonic responses through the modulation of key sensory properties in food models in healthy participants, could contribute to explore a new method to answer to nutrition in cancer's issue. Sensory and hedonic responses are affected, among other factors, by sensory responsiveness and psychological traits.

With the perspective of using the approach to investigate individual differences in sensory and hedonic responses in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experiencing taste alterations, two food models were designed and pre-tested with healthy participants.

Methods

223 healthy participants (68% women, 18–70 y.o., 40 mean age; 118 from France and 105 from Italy) participated in the study. Sensory-hedonic responses to four apple juice samples, spiked with four increasing concentrations of mint syrup corresponding to variations in perceived coolness, and to four chickpea cream samples, spiked with glucose-fructose syrup to modulate the perception of sweetness in contrast to the sourness induced by citric acid, were measured. Food neophobia, disgust sensitivity, sensitivity to reward and PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) responsiveness were measured.

Results

Sensory-hedonic responses to the food models were found to vary across participants and allowed to identify different groups. Two clusters were established for the apple juice differing in liking for the coolest sample: Moderate and Extreme Coolness Dislikers. Instead, three clusters were identified for the chickpea cream: 1) Sweet Likers – perceiving sweet as less intense in all samples and showing liking increments with increasing sweetness and decreasing sourness; 2) Sweet Dislikers – tended to perceive higher sweetness intensity and liking raised with increasing sourness and decreasing sweetness; 3) Inverted U-Shaped – with an optimum liking corresponding to intermediate concentrations. Clusters' differences were found in age and in sensitivity to reward, with Sweet Likers being the youngest and the most sensitive to reward. The approach allowed identifying the level of sensory properties that minimized rejection and maximized liking within and across clusters.

Conclusions

The two food models will be adopted to study the effect of cancer therapy on taste perception and liking responses, for the development of tailor-made products well accepted by patients experiencing taste alterations.