Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.010
Sarah Maria Barneze Costa , Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty Hallur , Matheus Naia Fioretto , João Paulo de Castro Marcondes , Igor de Carvalho Deprá , Camila Renata Corrêa , Danielle Cristina Honorio França , David Rafael Abreu Reyes , Sérgio Luis Felisbino , Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa , Marilza Cunha Vieira Rudge
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) pose significant health challenges for pregnant women, but their metabolic and molecular underpinnings remain poorly understood.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 1,105 participants from the DIAMATER cohort were categorized based on GDM and PSUI status. Dietary intake of iron, magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A and D was assessed through dietary recalls, while serum levels, gene expression (MTF1, RXRA, TFRC, TRPM6), and protein expression were analyzed using standard techniques. Oxidative stress markers were also measured.
Results
GDM-PSUI participants exhibited lower RXRA and TFRC gene expression and decreased TFRC protein levels despite higher intake of magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D compared to GDM controls without PSUI. Serum mineral levels and oxidative stress markers did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusions
Lower RXRA and TFRC expression in GDM-PSUI women, despite increased mineral and vitamin intake, suggests potential molecular targets for interventions aimed at improving management strategies in this population.
{"title":"Lower RXRA and TFRC expression despite higher mineral and vitamin intake in diabetic pregnant women with pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence","authors":"Sarah Maria Barneze Costa , Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty Hallur , Matheus Naia Fioretto , João Paulo de Castro Marcondes , Igor de Carvalho Deprá , Camila Renata Corrêa , Danielle Cristina Honorio França , David Rafael Abreu Reyes , Sérgio Luis Felisbino , Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa , Marilza Cunha Vieira Rudge","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) pose significant health challenges for pregnant women, but their metabolic and molecular underpinnings remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 1,105 participants from the DIAMATER cohort were categorized based on GDM and PSUI status. Dietary intake of iron, magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A and D was assessed through dietary recalls, while serum levels, gene expression (MTF1, RXRA, TFRC, TRPM6), and protein expression were analyzed using standard techniques. Oxidative stress markers were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GDM-PSUI participants exhibited lower RXRA and TFRC gene expression and decreased TFRC protein levels despite higher intake of magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D compared to GDM controls without PSUI. Serum mineral levels and oxidative stress markers did not differ significantly between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lower RXRA and TFRC expression in GDM-PSUI women, despite increased mineral and vitamin intake, suggests potential molecular targets for interventions aimed at improving management strategies in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 113-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.006
M. Lecha , C. Vaqué-Crusellas , A. Peñalva-Arigita , R. Prats , A. Sansano , D. Rubira , M. Albareda , L. Vila
Background
The prevalence of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) among Chronic Patients with Complex Needs (CPCN), (a population characterised by multimorbidity, functional decline, and frequent health and social needs), remains poorly established in hospital outpatients settings. These individuals, often older and frail, are presumed to be at higher risk of suffering malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), validated for use in older and frail adults, identifies individuals who are malnourished as well as those at risk of malnutrition (RM).
Objectives
1. To determine the prevalence of DRM and RM in CPCN outpatients. 2. To analyse the association between DRM and RM and a set of clinical, dietary, and social factors relevant to this population.
Methods
Single-centre observational study conducted over a cross-sectional period (June 2022–January 2023). Consecutive sampling was used from the CPCN outpatient registry, a clinical listing used to monitor patients receiving specialised chronic care follow-up. Inclusion criteria: outpatients, ≥18 years, CPCN, life expectancy ≥1 year, living at home. Exclusion criteria: enteral nutrition, dementia GDS ≥5. Variables: gender, age, nutritional status (MNA), education, living alone/accompanied, risk of dysphagia (EAT-10), dental status, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS), exercise time (walking ≥30 minutes or other similar exercise) and quality of life (EuroQoL).
Results
N=340 patients. Mean age=80.8 years (SD 6.6), 51% female. Ninety percent had only primary education or non, and 23.5% lived alone. Quality of life had a mean score of 61/100 (SD: 17.3). Risk of dysphagia found in 20.6% and 38.2% had missing teeth or teeth in poor condition. While 66.8% adhered correctly to the Mediterranean diet, 55% did not exercise regularly. The prevalence of RM was 31.7% (95% CI: 31.2 to 32.3) with 10.9% being malnourished (95% CI: 10.3 to 11.46). In the multivariate analysis, RM was independently associated with being female (OR: 1.894; 95% CI: 1.102–3.255; P=0.021), the presence of risk of dysphagia (OR: 2.375; 95% CI: 1.241–4.545; P=0.009), teeth in poor condition (OR: 2.897; 95% CI: 1.609–5.217; P<0.001) and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 3.595; 95% CI: 2.034–6.354; P<0.001). The DRM was independently associated with being the presence of risk of dysphagia (OR: 2.722; 95% CI: 1.127–6.573; P=0.026) and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 4.428; 95% CI: 2.005–9.781; P<0.001).
Conclusions
There is a high prevalence of CPCN with DRM and RM in the outpatient setting. The results reinforce the need to establish nutritional strategies aimed at improving eating habits and nutritional status in this vulnerable group of people.
{"title":"Prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in complex chronic outpatients","authors":"M. Lecha , C. Vaqué-Crusellas , A. Peñalva-Arigita , R. Prats , A. Sansano , D. Rubira , M. Albareda , L. Vila","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) among Chronic Patients with Complex Needs (CPCN), (a population characterised by multimorbidity, functional decline, and frequent health and social needs), remains poorly established in hospital outpatients settings. These individuals, often older and frail, are presumed to be at higher risk of suffering malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), validated for use in older and frail adults, identifies individuals who are malnourished as well as those at risk of malnutrition (RM).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>1. To determine the prevalence of DRM and RM in CPCN outpatients. 2. To analyse the association between DRM and RM and a set of clinical, dietary, and social factors relevant to this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Single-centre observational study conducted over a cross-sectional period (June 2022–January 2023). Consecutive sampling was used from the CPCN outpatient registry, a clinical listing used to monitor patients receiving specialised chronic care follow-up. Inclusion criteria: outpatients, ≥18 years, CPCN, life expectancy ≥1 year, living at home. Exclusion criteria: enteral nutrition, dementia GDS ≥5. Variables: gender, age, nutritional status (MNA), education, living alone/accompanied, risk of dysphagia (EAT-10), dental status, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS), exercise time (walking ≥30 minutes or other similar exercise) and quality of life (EuroQoL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>N=340 patients. Mean age=80.8 years (SD 6.6), 51% female. Ninety percent had only primary education or non, and 23.5% lived alone. Quality of life had a mean score of 61/100 (SD: 17.3). Risk of dysphagia found in 20.6% and 38.2% had missing teeth or teeth in poor condition. While 66.8% adhered correctly to the Mediterranean diet, 55% did not exercise regularly. The prevalence of RM was 31.7% (95% CI: 31.2 to 32.3) with 10.9% being malnourished (95% CI: 10.3 to 11.46). In the multivariate analysis, RM was independently associated with being female (OR: 1.894; 95% CI: 1.102–3.255; <em>P</em>=0.021), the presence of risk of dysphagia (OR: 2.375; 95% CI: 1.241–4.545; <em>P</em>=0.009), teeth in poor condition (OR: 2.897; 95% CI: 1.609–5.217; <em>P</em><0.001) and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 3.595; 95% CI: 2.034–6.354; <em>P</em><0.001). The DRM was independently associated with being the presence of risk of dysphagia (OR: 2.722; 95% CI: 1.127–6.573; <em>P</em>=0.026) and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 4.428; 95% CI: 2.005–9.781; <em>P</em><0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is a high prevalence of CPCN with DRM and RM in the outpatient setting. The results reinforce the need to establish nutritional strategies aimed at improving eating habits and nutritional status in this vulnerable group of people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.008
Xuan Le Thi Thanh , Phuong Duong Thi , Huong Le Thi , Toi Phung Lam , Dung Nguyen Quang , Lan Nguyen Thi Huong , Thuc Luu Thi My , Hong Nguyen Thi Thuy
Background
According to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), screening for malnutrition risk using a validated tool is the first essential step in the diagnostic process. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of four commonly used tools - Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) as a first-step screening instrument for hospitalized older adults according to the GLIM criteria.
Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 hospitalized elderly patients at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam, between September and December 2023. Nutritional risk was screened at admission using MNA-SF, NRS-2002, MST, and MUST. Malnutrition was diagnosed using GLIM criteria and full MNA.
Results
Of the 200 patients, malnutrition risk or malnutrition was identified in 65.0% by MNA-SF, 45.0% by MST, 45.5% by MUST, and 45.0% by NRS-2002. According to full MNA, 58.5% of patients were at risk of malnutrition, and the prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria (without prior screening) was 54.0%. Using different screening tools as the first step for GLIM, MNA-SF showed the best performance (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 82.9%, AUC: 0.91), followed by MUST (AUC: 0.88), NRS-2002 (AUC: 0.87), and MST (AUC: 0.83). Agreement with GLIM-defined malnutrition was high for all tools (Cohen's kappa: 0.81–0.95), with the highest for NRS-2002 (kappa = 0.93).
Conclusions
All four screening tools showed good diagnostic performance for detecting malnutrition based on GLIM criteria. Among them, MNA-SF showed the highest accuracy, making it the most effective first-step tool for screening and detecting malnutrition in elderly hospitalized patients based on the GLIM criteria.
{"title":"Validity of NRS-2002, MUST, MST, and MNA-SF as first-step screening tools for malnutrition based on GLIM criteria in older adults","authors":"Xuan Le Thi Thanh , Phuong Duong Thi , Huong Le Thi , Toi Phung Lam , Dung Nguyen Quang , Lan Nguyen Thi Huong , Thuc Luu Thi My , Hong Nguyen Thi Thuy","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>According to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), screening for malnutrition risk using a validated tool is the first essential step in the diagnostic process. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of four commonly used tools - Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) as a first-step screening instrument for hospitalized older adults according to the GLIM criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 hospitalized elderly patients at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam, between September and December 2023. Nutritional risk was screened at admission using MNA-SF, NRS-2002, MST, and MUST. Malnutrition was diagnosed using GLIM criteria and full MNA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 200 patients, malnutrition risk or malnutrition was identified in 65.0% by MNA-SF, 45.0% by MST, 45.5% by MUST, and 45.0% by NRS-2002. According to full MNA, 58.5% of patients were at risk of malnutrition, and the prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria (without prior screening) was 54.0%. Using different screening tools as the first step for GLIM, MNA-SF showed the best performance (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 82.9%, AUC: 0.91), followed by MUST (AUC: 0.88), NRS-2002 (AUC: 0.87), and MST (AUC: 0.83). Agreement with GLIM-defined malnutrition was high for all tools (Cohen's kappa: 0.81–0.95), with the highest for NRS-2002 (kappa = 0.93).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All four screening tools showed good diagnostic performance for detecting malnutrition based on GLIM criteria. Among them, MNA-SF showed the highest accuracy, making it the most effective first-step tool for screening and detecting malnutrition in elderly hospitalized patients based on the GLIM criteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.005
Michael Greger
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Are ultra-processed plant-based meats better than the alternative?” [Clin Nutr Open Sci 61 (2025) 241–252]","authors":"Michael Greger","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Page 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.009
Sifundile Zamazulu Maphumulo , Gerrit Jan Breukelman , Brandon Shaw , Ina Shaw
Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of mortality in South Africa, with their burden influenced by lifestyle, living conditions, ethnicity, and gender.
Methods
A cross-sectional study (N=100; n=50 males, n=50 females; mean age 25.15 ± 5.98) followed the WHO STEPwise approach which ensured systematic data collection. Standardized self-reported questionnaires were used to gather data on key behavioural risk factors, including tobacco use, physical activity, and dietary behaviours. The data collection was conducted over a four-month period, during which participants first completed qualitative questionnaires to provide insights into their lifestyle behaviours.
Results
Physical inactivity emerged as the most prevalent risk factor (20%), followed by tobacco use (17%) and poor nutrition (14%). Smoking rates were significantly higher among males compared to females (26% vs. 8%; P = 0.04), and among younger participants (≤25 years) compared to older ones (24.56% vs. 6.97%; P = 0.01). Poor nutrition was also more common in younger individuals (P = 0.05). While females reported lower smoking rates, they exhibited higher levels of physical inactivity than males (23% vs. 14%).
Conclusion
The findings highlight the persistent prevalence of modifiable behavioural risk factors for NCDs among young adults in South Africa, with distinct age and gender-related patterns. Targeted interventions addressing physical inactivity, tobacco use, and poor nutrition, particularly among males and younger individuals, are essential for reducing the long-term burden of NCDs. Gender-sensitive and age-specific public health strategies may improve lifestyle behaviours and contribute to more effective NCD prevention.
{"title":"The prevalence of behavioral non- communicable diseases risk factors among black Africans in peri-urban community in South Africa","authors":"Sifundile Zamazulu Maphumulo , Gerrit Jan Breukelman , Brandon Shaw , Ina Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of mortality in South Africa, with their burden influenced by lifestyle, living conditions, ethnicity, and gender.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study (N=100; n=50 males, n=50 females; mean age 25.15 ± 5.98) followed the WHO STEPwise approach which ensured systematic data collection. Standardized self-reported questionnaires were used to gather data on key behavioural risk factors, including tobacco use, physical activity, and dietary behaviours. The data collection was conducted over a four-month period, during which participants first completed qualitative questionnaires to provide insights into their lifestyle behaviours.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Physical inactivity emerged as the most prevalent risk factor (20%), followed by tobacco use (17%) and poor nutrition (14%). Smoking rates were significantly higher among males compared to females (26% vs. 8%; <em>P</em> = 0.04), and among younger participants (≤25 years) compared to older ones (24.56% vs. 6.97%; <em>P</em> = 0.01). Poor nutrition was also more common in younger individuals (<em>P</em> = 0.05). While females reported lower smoking rates, they exhibited higher levels of physical inactivity than males (23% vs. 14%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight the persistent prevalence of modifiable behavioural risk factors for NCDs among young adults in South Africa, with distinct age and gender-related patterns. Targeted interventions addressing physical inactivity, tobacco use, and poor nutrition, particularly among males and younger individuals, are essential for reducing the long-term burden of NCDs. Gender-sensitive and age-specific public health strategies may improve lifestyle behaviours and contribute to more effective NCD prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.007
M.S. Makwela , E. Maimela , C.B. Ntimana , R.G. Mashaba , M.M. Bopape
Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in South Africa have remained low for nearly two decades, with 7% in 2003 and 12% in 2008. While the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) reported an increase to 32% for infants aged 0–5 months, data on breastfeeding practices in urban and rural areas remain limited. Hence, the study aimed to compare feeding practices of caregivers of infants aged 0–6 months residing in urban and rural areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Methodology
This was a cross-sectional, facility-based quantitative study. Convenient sampling was used to select 146 caregivers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 29. Chi-square test was applied to determine the relationship at a 95% confidence interval, where a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The prevalence of EBF was higher in caregivers residing in rural areas (41% versus 39%), while mixed feeding was prevalent in urban areas (56% versus 52%). Meanwhile, the proposition of mixed feeding increased with the increase in the age of the infants. There was no significant difference in both groups in terms of as age of the caregivers, level of education, home language, and employment status. Breastfeeding practices improve with increasing age of the caregivers.
Conclusions
Caregivers who reside in urban areas tend to practice EBF less compared to those in rural areas. Interventions to promote EBF should focus on women living in urban areas. Breastfeeding increases with the increasing age of the caregivers, therefore, educational interventions that focus on best infant feeding practice, including EBF and misconceptions around EBF, should be implemented with a special focus on younger caregivers.
{"title":"A comparison of feeding practices of caregivers of infants aged 0–6 months residing in urban and rural areas of Limpopo province, South Africa","authors":"M.S. Makwela , E. Maimela , C.B. Ntimana , R.G. Mashaba , M.M. Bopape","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in South Africa have remained low for nearly two decades, with 7% in 2003 and 12% in 2008. While the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) reported an increase to 32% for infants aged 0–5 months, data on breastfeeding practices in urban and rural areas remain limited. Hence, the study aimed to compare feeding practices of caregivers of infants aged 0–6 months residing in urban and rural areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional, facility-based quantitative study. Convenient sampling was used to select 146 caregivers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 29. Chi-square test was applied to determine the relationship at a 95% confidence interval, where a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of EBF was higher in caregivers residing in rural areas (41% versus 39%), while mixed feeding was prevalent in urban areas (56% versus 52%). Meanwhile, the proposition of mixed feeding increased with the increase in the age of the infants. There was no significant difference in both groups in terms of as age of the caregivers, level of education, home language, and employment status. Breastfeeding practices improve with increasing age of the caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Caregivers who reside in urban areas tend to practice EBF less compared to those in rural areas. Interventions to promote EBF should focus on women living in urban areas. Breastfeeding increases with the increasing age of the caregivers, therefore, educational interventions that focus on best infant feeding practice, including EBF and misconceptions around EBF, should be implemented with a special focus on younger caregivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.003
Lora Van Loenhout , Eline Snijders , Anne-Sophie Vercammen , Kristof Van Dessel , An Verrijken , Patrick Lauwers , Eveline Dirinck
<div><h3>Background & Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the eventual discrepancy between predicted resting metabolic rate (p-RMR) using equations (Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin-St. Jeor (MSJ), World Health Organization (WHO), Cunningham (CU), Lührmann (LU) and Owen) and the gold standard of the measured resting metabolic rate (m-RMR) using indirect calorimetry (IC), in patients admitted to the Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Secondly, the impact of nutritional status on this discrepancy was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective observational cohort study recruited patients admitted to the UZA due to a DFU from November 1st, 2021, to June 30th, 2023. A thorough nutritional assessment (nutritional questionnaires, anthropometry and bio-electrical impedance analysis) was performed upon admission. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were used to diagnose malnutrition. On admission, daily caloric requirements were measured by IC and predicted using six equations (MSJ, HB, WHO, CU, LU and Owen). Data were analysed using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots to assess statistically significant and clinically significant (>150 kcal/day) differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 59 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 46 men (78%). Patients included had a median age of 74 (38–90) years, had diabetes for 21±15 years and had a median Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27,1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Fifty-four percent were malnourished on admission. The mean m-RMR using IC was 1570±290 kcal/day while the mean p-RMR were 1584±241 kcal/day (MSJ), 1625±263 kcal/day (HB), 1685±210 kcal/day (WHO), 1596±203 kcal/day (CU), 1666±249 kcal/day (LU) and 1525±222 kcal/day (Owen). The WHO equation overestimated the m-RMR to the greatest extent (+115±213 kcal/day; <em>P</em><0,001), followed by the Lührmann equation (+96±229 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,002). The equation most precisely predicting the m-RMR values was the MSJ equation (+14±213 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,610). The MSJ, WHO and Owen equations differed on average more from the m-RMR in patients who were malnourished (MSJ: +24±212 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,523) (WHO: +137±217 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,001) (Owen: -63±217 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,109) than in patients who were normally fed (MSJ: +2±218 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,955) (WHO: +90±211 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,036) (Owen: -23±188 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,524). For the HB, CU and LU equations, the p-RMR differed on average more from the m-RMR in patients who were normally fed (HB: +57±216 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,185) (CU: +42±189 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,261) (LU: +96±229 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,038) than in malnourished patients (HB: +54±218 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,174) (CU: +12±216 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,760) (LU: +96±232 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,027). For all equations, a subset of patients (WHO: 27/59; HB: 28/59; MSJ: 25/59; Owen: 22/59; CU: 20/59; LU: 28/59) e
{"title":"Measured versus predicted resting metabolic rate in patients hospitalised due to a diabetic foot ulcer: a prospective observational cohort study","authors":"Lora Van Loenhout , Eline Snijders , Anne-Sophie Vercammen , Kristof Van Dessel , An Verrijken , Patrick Lauwers , Eveline Dirinck","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the eventual discrepancy between predicted resting metabolic rate (p-RMR) using equations (Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin-St. Jeor (MSJ), World Health Organization (WHO), Cunningham (CU), Lührmann (LU) and Owen) and the gold standard of the measured resting metabolic rate (m-RMR) using indirect calorimetry (IC), in patients admitted to the Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Secondly, the impact of nutritional status on this discrepancy was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective observational cohort study recruited patients admitted to the UZA due to a DFU from November 1st, 2021, to June 30th, 2023. A thorough nutritional assessment (nutritional questionnaires, anthropometry and bio-electrical impedance analysis) was performed upon admission. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were used to diagnose malnutrition. On admission, daily caloric requirements were measured by IC and predicted using six equations (MSJ, HB, WHO, CU, LU and Owen). Data were analysed using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots to assess statistically significant and clinically significant (>150 kcal/day) differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 59 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 46 men (78%). Patients included had a median age of 74 (38–90) years, had diabetes for 21±15 years and had a median Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27,1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Fifty-four percent were malnourished on admission. The mean m-RMR using IC was 1570±290 kcal/day while the mean p-RMR were 1584±241 kcal/day (MSJ), 1625±263 kcal/day (HB), 1685±210 kcal/day (WHO), 1596±203 kcal/day (CU), 1666±249 kcal/day (LU) and 1525±222 kcal/day (Owen). The WHO equation overestimated the m-RMR to the greatest extent (+115±213 kcal/day; <em>P</em><0,001), followed by the Lührmann equation (+96±229 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,002). The equation most precisely predicting the m-RMR values was the MSJ equation (+14±213 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,610). The MSJ, WHO and Owen equations differed on average more from the m-RMR in patients who were malnourished (MSJ: +24±212 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,523) (WHO: +137±217 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,001) (Owen: -63±217 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,109) than in patients who were normally fed (MSJ: +2±218 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,955) (WHO: +90±211 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,036) (Owen: -23±188 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,524). For the HB, CU and LU equations, the p-RMR differed on average more from the m-RMR in patients who were normally fed (HB: +57±216 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,185) (CU: +42±189 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,261) (LU: +96±229 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,038) than in malnourished patients (HB: +54±218 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,174) (CU: +12±216 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,760) (LU: +96±232 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,027). For all equations, a subset of patients (WHO: 27/59; HB: 28/59; MSJ: 25/59; Owen: 22/59; CU: 20/59; LU: 28/59) e","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.004
Marialaura Scarcella , Luca D’Alessandro , Emidio Scarpellini , Ludovico Abenavoli , Ioannis Alexandros , Edoardo De Robertis , Antonella Cotoia
The transition from intensive care unit (ICU) to general wards marks a critical juncture in the recovery of critically ill patients, characterized by persistently high metabolic demands and vulnerability to malnutrition. Despite growing awareness of the importance of nutrition during this phase, there is a significant evidence gap regarding specific energy and protein requirements post-ICU discharge. This review explores the current recommendations and literature on energy and protein provision in ICU survivors, highlighting the complexity of post-ICU nutritional needs driven by hypermetabolism, physical rehabilitation, and the presence of anabolic resistance in older and frail patients. The inadequacy of nutritional intake in post-ICU settings is consistently reported, particularly among patients relying solely on oral nutrition. Barriers such as appetite dysregulation, dysphagia, post-intensive care syndrome, and systemic issues including rigid food service structures further compromise recovery. Innovative strategies, including the use of indirect calorimetry, targeted supplementation, and personalized nutritional interventions, are essential to bridge this “nutritional gap.” This review underscores the need for structured post-ICU nutritional care pathways, interdisciplinary coordination, and continued research to define evidence-based targets for energy and protein intake during convalescence.
{"title":"The energy requirement after ICU discharge and strategies to improve nutritional adequacy","authors":"Marialaura Scarcella , Luca D’Alessandro , Emidio Scarpellini , Ludovico Abenavoli , Ioannis Alexandros , Edoardo De Robertis , Antonella Cotoia","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition from intensive care unit (ICU) to general wards marks a critical juncture in the recovery of critically ill patients, characterized by persistently high metabolic demands and vulnerability to malnutrition. Despite growing awareness of the importance of nutrition during this phase, there is a significant evidence gap regarding specific energy and protein requirements post-ICU discharge. This review explores the current recommendations and literature on energy and protein provision in ICU survivors, highlighting the complexity of post-ICU nutritional needs driven by hypermetabolism, physical rehabilitation, and the presence of anabolic resistance in older and frail patients. The inadequacy of nutritional intake in post-ICU settings is consistently reported, particularly among patients relying solely on oral nutrition. Barriers such as appetite dysregulation, dysphagia, post-intensive care syndrome, and systemic issues including rigid food service structures further compromise recovery. Innovative strategies, including the use of indirect calorimetry, targeted supplementation, and personalized nutritional interventions, are essential to bridge this “nutritional gap.” This review underscores the need for structured post-ICU nutritional care pathways, interdisciplinary coordination, and continued research to define evidence-based targets for energy and protein intake during convalescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.001
K. Mallon , C. McBride , C. O’Morain , G.A. Doherty , R. Burns
Background
Existing evidence indicates that diet is a modifiable risk factor for IBD. However, data on certain nutrients, food groups and individual food items and their associations with IBD is still lacking. This review aims to systematically assess which dietary factors are associated with the onset of IBD.
Method
Computerised bibliographic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) were conducted. Studies were included if they were case-control, cohort studies or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the association between dietary risk factors and onset of IBD and if they included patients with a diagnosis of IBD (including Crohn's Disease [CD] and/or Ulcerative Colitis [UC]), defined and measured according to clinical symptoms, endoscopy, and histology. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models to provide risk estimates for the associations between dietary factors and IBD.
Results
Twenty eligible studies were identified and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing 10 case-control and 10 cohort studies, with no RCTs identified. A total of 4,332 patients with IBD were included (1554 CD; 2550 UC; 225 IBD; 3 IBD unclassified [IBDU]). Nine significant predictors of IBD risk were identified. Pooled analysis highlighted a decreased risk of overall IBD was associated with high intakes of fruit (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45–0.96), vegetables (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.19–0.78), carbohydrates (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.89), rice (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.32–0.97), milk (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.62), dairy (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38–0.97), vitamin C (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.35–0.96) and vitamin D (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46–0.97). High protein intake was associated with a 4.1-fold (RR 4.07, 95% CI 1.51–6.62) increased risk of IBD.
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the potential role of diet as a modifiable risk factor for IBD. From a patient management perspective, our results may aid clinicians and dietary practitioners in guiding dietary interventions and modifications, particularly in those at a high-risk of developing the disease. Moreover, our results provide novel data on specific food items and vitamins which may confer a protective effect against IBD, of which evidence has previously been lacking.
现有证据表明,饮食是可改变的IBD危险因素。然而,关于某些营养素、食物组和个别食物及其与IBD的关系的数据仍然缺乏。本综述旨在系统地评估哪些饮食因素与IBD的发病有关。方法计算机检索Ovid MEDLINE、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆(Cochrane系统评价数据库、Cochrane中央对照试验登记册(Central)、Cochrane方法学登记册)的书目。研究纳入病例对照、队列研究或随机对照试验(RCTs),调查饮食危险因素与IBD发病之间的关系,并纳入诊断为IBD(包括克罗恩病[CD]和/或溃疡性结肠炎[UC])的患者,根据临床症状、内窥镜检查和组织学定义和测量。使用随机效应模型计算总结相对风险(rr),以提供饮食因素与IBD之间关联的风险估计。结果20项符合条件的研究被纳入系统评价和荟萃分析,包括10项病例对照研究和10项队列研究,未发现随机对照试验。共有4332例IBD患者被纳入研究(1554例CD;2550年加州大学;225炎症性肠病;3 IBD未分类[IBDU])。确定了IBD风险的9个重要预测因素。综合分析强调,总体IBD风险降低与大量摄入水果(RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45-0.96)、蔬菜(RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.19-0.78)、碳水化合物(RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.89)、大米(RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.32-0.97)、牛奶(RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.62)、乳制品(RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38-0.97)、维生素C (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.35-0.96)和维生素D (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46-0.97)有关。高蛋白摄入与IBD风险增加4.1倍(RR 4.07, 95% CI 1.51-6.62)相关。结论:本系统综述和荟萃分析强调了饮食作为IBD可改变危险因素的潜在作用。从患者管理的角度来看,我们的研究结果可以帮助临床医生和饮食从业者指导饮食干预和调整,特别是在那些发展为疾病的高风险人群中。此外,我们的研究结果提供了关于特定食物和维生素可能对IBD具有保护作用的新数据,这是以前缺乏的证据。
{"title":"Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"K. Mallon , C. McBride , C. O’Morain , G.A. Doherty , R. Burns","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Existing evidence indicates that diet is a modifiable risk factor for IBD. However, data on certain nutrients, food groups and individual food items and their associations with IBD is still lacking. This review aims to systematically assess which dietary factors are associated with the onset of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Computerised bibliographic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) were conducted. Studies were included if they were case-control, cohort studies or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the association between dietary risk factors and onset of IBD and if they included patients with a diagnosis of IBD (including Crohn's Disease [CD] and/or Ulcerative Colitis [UC]), defined and measured according to clinical symptoms, endoscopy, and histology. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models to provide risk estimates for the associations between dietary factors and IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty eligible studies were identified and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing 10 case-control and 10 cohort studies, with no RCTs identified. A total of 4,332 patients with IBD were included (1554 CD; 2550 UC; 225 IBD; 3 IBD unclassified [IBDU]). Nine significant predictors of IBD risk were identified. Pooled analysis highlighted a decreased risk of overall IBD was associated with high intakes of fruit (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45–0.96), vegetables (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.19–0.78), carbohydrates (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.89), rice (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.32–0.97), milk (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.62), dairy (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38–0.97), vitamin C (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.35–0.96) and vitamin D (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46–0.97). High protein intake was associated with a 4.1-fold (RR 4.07, 95% CI 1.51–6.62) increased risk of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the potential role of diet as a modifiable risk factor for IBD. From a patient management perspective, our results may aid clinicians and dietary practitioners in guiding dietary interventions and modifications, particularly in those at a high-risk of developing the disease. Moreover, our results provide novel data on specific food items and vitamins which may confer a protective effect against IBD, of which evidence has previously been lacking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 12-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.002
Arif Albulushi , Morgan Newlun , Amanda Sooter , Lauren Grieb , Radha Kanneganti Perue
Background
Malnutrition is a common yet underrecognized comorbidity in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may adversely affect patient outcomes. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of malnutrition in PH patients.
Methods
A retrospective cohort of 350 PH patients treated at a U.S. tertiary center between January 2017 and December 2023 was analyzed. Patients were stratified into four groups based on nutritional status. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable Cox regression identified predictors of mortality.
Results
Of the 350 patients, 22.8% had severe malnutrition, which was significantly associated with lower median survival (18 vs. 36 months, P < 0.01). In adjusted models, severe malnutrition independently predicted increased mortality (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8–3.6; P < 0.01). Other predictors included age (HR: 1.03), NYHA class III-IV (HR: 1.8), elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (HR: 1.05), low serum albumin (HR: 0.6), and comorbidities (HR: 1.4).
Conclusion
Severe malnutrition is a strong, independent predictor of mortality in PH patients. Routine nutritional assessment and early intervention may improve survival and clinical outcomes in this high-risk population.
{"title":"The prognostic role of malnutrition in pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Arif Albulushi , Morgan Newlun , Amanda Sooter , Lauren Grieb , Radha Kanneganti Perue","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition is a common yet underrecognized comorbidity in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may adversely affect patient outcomes. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of malnutrition in PH patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort of 350 PH patients treated at a U.S. tertiary center between January 2017 and December 2023 was analyzed. Patients were stratified into four groups based on nutritional status. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable Cox regression identified predictors of mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 350 patients, 22.8% had severe malnutrition, which was significantly associated with lower median survival (18 vs. 36 months, <em>P</em> < 0.01). In adjusted models, severe malnutrition independently predicted increased mortality (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8–3.6; <em>P</em> < 0.01). Other predictors included age (HR: 1.03), NYHA class III-IV (HR: 1.8), elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (HR: 1.05), low serum albumin (HR: 0.6), and comorbidities (HR: 1.4).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Severe malnutrition is a strong, independent predictor of mortality in PH patients. Routine nutritional assessment and early intervention may improve survival and clinical outcomes in this high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}