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Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects最新文献

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Modificarea activității peroxidazei și a polifenoloxidazei în fructele de prun în funcție de influența SBA Reglalg, microelementelor (B, Zn, Mn, Mo) și a metodelor de păstrare
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.73
Ana Popovici, Nicolae Bujoreanu, Valentina Svetlicenco
When storaging the plum fruits of the varieties Stenley under normal atmospheric conditions and by the method of treating them with the synthetic inhibitor of ethylene Fitomag, the modification of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits depended on the conditions and duration of storage, metabolic processes course in fruit during storage, the particularities of the varieties and their storage methods. The gradual decrease in peroxidase activity and the increase in polyphenol oxidase activity occurred in the case of fruit preservation by both methods. In the fruits storaged by the Fitomag method, the values of these enzymes were lower compared to those in the ordinary atmosphere. The lower intensity of the redox processes has beneficially influenced the preservation of the quality of the fruits preserved by this method compared to the usual atmosphere. There were also essential differences between the control and the variants treated with SBA Reglalg and microelements, as well as between varieties.
在常压条件下,用乙烯Fitomag合成抑制剂处理Stenley品种李子果实时,果实过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性的变化取决于贮藏条件和贮藏时间、果实在贮藏过程中的代谢过程、品种的特殊性和贮藏方法。两种方法保存后,过氧化物酶活性逐渐降低,多酚氧化酶活性逐渐升高。在Fitomag法贮藏的果实中,这些酶的值比在普通气氛中贮藏的要低。与通常的气氛相比,较低的氧化还原过程强度有利于用这种方法保存水果的品质。SBA常规和微量元素处理与对照之间以及品种之间也存在本质差异。
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引用次数: 0
Activitatea chitinazelor în frunzele plantelor de A. arguta L. crescute în seră și infestate cu musculiţa Albă de seră (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.02
Maria Caus, Fiziologie si Protectie a Plantelor Republica Moldova Institutul de Genetica, Tatiana Calugaru-Spataru
The activity of chitinases in protein extracts, separated from the male and female leaves of Actinidia arguta L., healthy and infested plants by Trialeurodes vaporariorum, was analyzed. We found that there were no significant differences in chitinase activity in both male and female leaf extracts of healthy plants. But the enzyme activity in female leaves of infested plants was twice as high as in healthy plants. While in the male leaves, less attacked by the respective pests, only a tendency towards the increase of chitinase activity was observed.
对健康株和侵染株猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta L.)雌雄叶片蛋白提取物的几丁质酶活性进行了分析。我们发现,健康植物雄性和雌性叶片提取物的几丁质酶活性没有显著差异。但受侵染植物雌叶中的酶活性是健康植物的两倍。雄叶受虫害较少,几丁质酶活性有增加的趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Влияние биопрепаратов на приживаемость и продуктивность растений in vitro 生物药物对体外植物的耐受性和生产力的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.58
А. Скорейко, Татьяна Андрийчук, Р. Билык
The results of studies of the influence of biologicals on the process of adaptation of microclonal potato plants to in vivo conditions in greenhouse and field conditions are presented. Treatment of plant material with biological products Planriz and PhytoDoctor promotes the adaptation of in vitro potato plants to in vivo conditions, increases the survival rate of up to 97,8% of potato seedlings and increases the yield of mini-tubers.
介绍了生物制剂对马铃薯微克隆植株在温室和田间条件下适应体内条件影响的研究结果。用生物制品Planriz和PhytoDoctor处理植物材料,促进了离体马铃薯植株对体内条件的适应,提高了高达97,8%的马铃薯幼苗存活率,并增加了微型块茎的产量。
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引用次数: 0
Interpretarea etică a combaterii organismelor dăunătoare
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.01
Leonid Voloşciuc
Starting from the increasing impact of harmful organisms on the background of climate change, there is an increasing need to strengthen food security and food safety, which is made possible by expanding the range of environmentally friendly means. The application of control methods, including the destruction of harmful organisms, causes various problems, including ethical ones, related to the human right to reduce or control the development of some entities by others. The article contains a systemic approach to the relationships between harmful organisms and biological means of plant protection in the four types of biological control: natural, conservation, augmentation and import, in which ethical concerns have steadily increased. Strengthening plant protection for plant health and the systemic approach creates premises for sustainable development based on organic farming.
从有害生物对气候变化的影响越来越大的背景出发,越来越需要加强粮食安全和食品安全,这可以通过扩大环境友好手段的范围来实现。控制方法的应用,包括销毁有害生物,引起各种问题,包括伦理问题,这些问题与减少或控制某些实体发展的人权有关。本文系统探讨了自然、养护、强化和进口四种生物防治方式中有害生物与植物保护生物手段之间的关系,其中伦理问题日益突出。加强植物保护以促进植物健康和系统性方法为基于有机农业的可持续发展创造了前提。
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引用次数: 0
Studiul microscopic al trihomilor glandulari și nonglandulari la genotipuri de Lavandula Angustifolia Mill. ssp. Angustifolia
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.63
Tatiana Calalb, Cornelia Fursenco, Maria Gonceariuc, Violeta Butnaras, Fiziologie si Protectie a Plantelor Republica Moldova Institutul de Genetica
The microscopic and citochemistry study denotes 3 types of glandular trichomes (peltate, capitates type I and type II), implicated in the synthesis of the metabolites, including volatile oils (with biological and protective role) and one type of non-glandular trichomes with the potential adaptive role to stressors in 7 new genotypes (4 cultivars – Moldoveanca 4, Vis Magic 10, Alba 7, Aroma Unica and 3 hybrids – Fr.5S8-24, Fr.8-5-15V and Cr.13S-6-7) of sp. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., spp. angustifolia. The degree of development and distribution mode of both types of trichomes (glandular and non-glandular) varies according organs (stem, leaf, bract, flower calyx and corolla) and genotype.
显微和显微化学研究表明,薰衣草的7个新基因型(Moldoveanca 4、Vis Magic 10、Alba 7、Aroma Unica 4个品种和3个杂交品种fr5s8 -24、fr8-5-15 v和cr13s -6-7)中存在3种腺状毛状体(peltate型、capitates型I和II型),它们参与了挥发油等代谢产物的合成(具有生物学和保护作用)和1种具有潜在胁迫适应作用的非腺状毛状体。,科。两种毛状体(腺状和非腺状)的发育程度和分布方式因器官(茎、叶、苞片、花萼和花冠)和基因型而异。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizarea capcanelor cu dispensor și lumină in scopul transmiterii pe orezontală a baculovrusurilor la dăunători
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.24
Pantelimon Zavtoni
A positive role in the spread of viruses on the leaves can be played by parasitic and predatory insects, which come in contact with dead larvae, take over the polyhedra on their bodies and spread them in the host's biotope. Phytophagous insects were used for research: Mamestra brassicae and Heliothis armigera. As an experimental material served biological baculoviral preparations based on the genus Baculoviridae family that differ from other biological preparations, have an epizootic character and transmit the pathogen vertically and horizontally in decreasing populations of harmful insects from one generation to another through their selectivity.
寄生和掠食性昆虫对病毒在树叶上的传播起着积极的作用,它们与死去的幼虫接触,占据它们身体上的多面体,并在宿主的生物群落中传播。研究对象为植物食性昆虫:芸苔螟和棉铃虫。杆状病毒是杆状病毒科生物制剂的一种实验材料,它与其他生物制剂不同,具有动物传染病的特性,通过其选择性在有害昆虫的世代减少中垂直和水平传播病原体。
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引用次数: 0
Влияние биофунгицидов на развитие возбудителей альтернариоза картофеля 生物杀菌剂对马铃薯转化剂发育的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.55
Андрей Дмитриевич Мельник, Н. В. Кирик
The biological preparations: Planrise, Trychodermin, Phytodoctor on alternaria blight pathogen developing results were proposed. Their inhibiting action were proven by experimental way. The highest inhibiting growing was observed in variant with 10 % solution Planrise and Trychodermin. It was consisted of 25,0 and 29,0 mm, respectively.
介绍了植物制剂Planrise、Trychodermin、Phytodoctor对疫病病菌的防治效果。实验证实了它们的抑制作用。10%的拟栗草和地衣明溶液对植株生长的抑制作用最大。分别为25,0和29,0 mm。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in productivity and yield components in four field crops sown on damaged by frost crops of winter oilseed canola 冬季油菜籽冻害作物上四种大田作物的生产能力及产量组成的变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.67
Delchev Grozi
During 2016 - 2018 was conducted a field experiment. On areas with damaged by frost winter oilseed canola, were sowed and 4 field crops: 1 chickpea cultivar - Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.); 1 forage pea cultivar - Mir (Pisum sativum L.); 1 milk thistle cultivar - Silmar (Silybum marianum Gaertn.); 1 coriander cultivar - Lozen (Coriandrum sativum L.). The same variants were planted on areas under conventional soil cultivation for each of these crops. After plowing of canola crops, it is more appropriate to sow chickpea in which weed control is carried out by soil treatment with herbicide Merlin flex, followed by foliar treatment with herbicide tank mixture Challenge + Shadow. After plowing areas with damaged by frost winter oilseed canola without any problems can be sown forage pea. Milk thistle and coriander are suitable crops for sowing on areas after damaged by frost winter oilseed canola. The differences in productivities and yield components of chickpea, forage pea, milk thistle and coriander, sown on damaged by frost areas of winter oilseed canola and in normal sowing, are small and mathematically unproven.
2016 - 2018年进行了田间试验。在冻害地区播种冬季油菜籽和4种大田作物:鹰嘴豆品种Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.);1 .饲用豌豆品种Mir (Pisum sativum L.);水飞蓟(Silybum marianum Gaertn.);1 .香菜品种——香菜(Coriandrum sativum L.)在这些作物的常规土壤种植区域种植了相同的变种。油菜籽作物翻耕后,宜播鹰嘴豆,采用除草剂“默林柔”土壤处理防杂草,叶面采用除草剂罐中混合液“挑战”+“阴影”处理。冬季霜害地区翻耕后无任何问题,可播饲用豌豆。水飞蓟和香菜适合在霜冻后地区播种。鹰嘴豆、饲料豌豆、水飞蓟和芫荽在冬季油菜籽霜冻区播种和正常播种时的产量和产量成分差异很小,在数学上未经证实。
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引用次数: 0
Sinteza componenților activi ai feromonilor sexuali sintetici a viermelui merelor (Cydia Pomonella L.) - E8,E10-dodecenol și a moliei strugurilor (Lobesia Botrana S.) - E7,Z9-dodecadienol şi componenții minori a acestora E-8-dodecenol și E-9-dodecenilacetat
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.22
Vasilisa Odobescu, Svetlana Jalba, Natalia Raileanu, Vladimir Sleahtici
The aim of our study was the synthesis of the active components of the apple worm, Cydia pomonella L. - E8, E10-dodecenol and the grape moth, Lobesia botrana S. - E7, Z9-dodecadienol and their minor components E-8-dodecenol and E-9 -dodecenyl acetate. Different amounts of components were impregnated in each rubber dispenser. Pheromone traps was given to be tested in field monitoring trials to determine the most effective optimal pheromone blend ratio in the geographical and climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova.
本研究的目的是合成苹果虫Cydia pomonella L. - E8、e10 -十二烯醇和葡萄蛾Lobesia botrana S. - E7、z9 -十二烯醇及其次要成分e -8-十二烯醇和E-9 -醋酸十二烯酯。在每个胶机中浸渍不同量的组分。信息素诱捕器将在实地监测试验中进行测试,以确定摩尔多瓦共和国地理和气候条件下最有效的信息素混合比例。
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引用次数: 0
Metode de monitorizare și combatere a dăunătorului molia minieră a tomatelor ( Tuta absoluta) în spațiile protejate
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53040/9789975347204.23
Denis Savranschii, Vladimir Todiraș, Tatiana Tretiacova, Ana Gusan, Olga Hudeacova
Tuta absoluta comes from South America. In Europe it was reported for the first time in Spain in 2006. In Republic of Moldova, according to the literary sources, the tomato moth was reported for the first time in 2013 (in Chișinău). In the absence of some efficient prevention and combating measures of the Tuta absoluta pest it spread more and more, and became a pest of major concern for all the Moldavians farmers which deals with the cultivation of tomato crops in the protected areas. Following the phyto sanitary controls the most cases was found the central region of the country. For the monitoring of the tomato moth pest, in the protected area, was used the water universal trap, the ultraviolet light, the colored adhesive plates and sexual pheromones. As a chemical method of the tomato moth pest combating was used: the insecticide Afirm WG dose of 1. 50 kg/ha.
Tuta absoluta来自南美洲。在欧洲,2006年西班牙首次报道了这种情况。根据文献资料,在摩尔多瓦共和国,2013年首次报道了番茄蛾(Chișinău)。由于缺乏有效的预防和防治措施,这种害虫越来越多地蔓延,成为所有摩尔多瓦农民在保护区内种植番茄作物的一个主要问题。在实施植物检疫控制后,大多数病例发生在该国中部地区。采用水诱捕法、紫外灯法、彩色粘片法和性信息素法对保护区内的番茄蛾进行监测。采用化学方法对番茄蛾进行防治,剂量为1。50公斤/公顷。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects
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