Journal of Hydrology最新文献_第10页

Climate change expected to amplify land-use change impacts on nitrogen export from a subtropical catchment in China 气候变化对中国亚热带流域氮素输出的影响

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134888

Sanyuan Jiang , Adrian D. Werner , Lu Gao , Michael Rode

Despite numerous modeling investigations of nutrient export, less is known about the effects of changes in climate and land use on dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export in subtropical catchments, which is needed to develop effective watershed management strategies. This study examines DIN export from a typical subtropical catchment (Yifeng River catchment, southeastern China) to evaluate the primary causes of variations in DIN export and the impacts of expected future changes in climate and land use. Sensitivity analysis and calibration of the Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) model was performed using PEST and Differential Evolution Markov Chain algorithm (DE-MC). HYPE reproduced streamflow dynamics (2000–2019) sufficiently well and captured inter-annual variability in DIN export, which appears to be mainly controlled by fertilizer application rate, denitrification in the soil and river systems, causing higher loads in spring and summer. Land-use change alone (i.e. increased arable land by 7.0% and reduced forest areas by 7.5%; from 2015 to 2050) is estimated to increase riverine DIN concentration and load by 12.8% and 19.1%, respectively in response to increased nitrogen inputs. Annual evapotranspiration and runoff kept stable (insignificant change of 0.5%). Climate change (2031–2050) is expected to lead to different trends in runoff in various climate models and emission scenarios (−24.0 to 24.8%), while the average DIN concentration will increase by up to 36.0% compared to the baseline conditions of 2000–2019, depending on specific hydroclimatic variability. In combination, future land-use and climate changes are expected to increase the riverine DIN load by up to 32.6%. The study indicated that climate effect is dominant in runoff and climate change could amplify land-use change impacts on nitrogen pollution in subtropical catchments such as the Yifeng River catchment, mainly due to lower dilution capacity with decreased precipitation and river discharge.

尽管对养分输出进行了大量的建模研究，但对气候和土地利用变化对亚热带流域溶解无机氮（DIN）输出的影响知之甚少，这对于制定有效的流域管理策略是必要的。本研究考察了典型的亚热带流域（中国东南部的易丰河流域）DIN出口，以评估DIN出口变化的主要原因以及预期未来气候和土地利用变化的影响。利用PEST和差分进化马尔可夫链算法（DE-MC）对水文环境预测（HYPE）模型进行敏感性分析和校准。HYPE充分再现了径流动态（2000-2019），并捕获了DIN出口的年际变化，这似乎主要受肥料施用量、土壤和河流系统的反硝化控制，导致春季和夏季负荷较高。据估计，仅土地利用变化（即从2015年到2050年，耕地面积增加7.0%，森林面积减少7.5%）就会使河流DIN浓度和负荷分别增加12.8%和19.1%，以响应氮投入的增加。年蒸散量和径流量保持稳定（变化不显著，为0.5%）。气候变化（2031-2050年）预计将导致各种气候模式和排放情景下径流的不同趋势（- 24.0%至24.8%），而DIN的平均浓度将比2000-2019年的基线条件增加36.0%，具体取决于水文气候变率。综合来看，未来土地利用和气候变化预计将使河流DIN负荷增加32.6%。研究表明，气候对径流的影响占主导地位，气候变化会放大易丰河流域等亚热带流域土地利用变化对氮污染的影响，主要是由于降水和河流流量减少导致稀释能力降低。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying groundwater discharge and associated nutrient fluxes to the Honghu Lake, central China 中国中部洪湖地下水流量及相关养分通量的定量分析

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134887

Yiqun Gan , Xiaoliang Sun , Yao Du , Jiawen Xu , Yamin Deng , Yanxin Wang

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is a critical yet often overlooked hydrological process that contributes water and nutrients to lakes. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal variations in LGD and associated nutrient fluxes in Honghu Lake, a large eutrophic lake in central China, using tracers such as ²²²Rn, EC, Ca²⁺, δD, and δ¹⁸O, along with nutrient data. Multiple environmental tracers indicate spatio-temporal variations of LGD rates. The ²²²Rn mass balance model estimated LGD rates of 33.32 ± 18.78 mm/d in March 2022 and 10.97 ± 6.76 mm/d in September 2022. The reduced LGD rate in September was attributed to a severe summer drought, which led to increased groundwater extraction and lower groundwater levels. Spatially, the LGD rates were higher in the western part of the lake, corresponding to the groundwater discharge area. Groundwater flow fields within the basin control the spatial variations of LGD. LGD contributed approximately 52 %–53 % of external TN and TP inputs in March 2022, but only 10 %–13 % in September 2022. The spatial distribution of TN and TP concentrations in the lake water corresponded to the spatial variations in LGD-derived nutrient loads. This study provides a theoretical basis for water resource management and ecological protection in Honghu Lake and the middle Yangtze River region and offers valuable insights for global studies on lake-groundwater interactions.

湖泊地下水排放（LGD）是一个重要但经常被忽视的水文过程，它为湖泊提供水和养分。利用222Rn、EC、Ca2+、δD、δ18O等示踪剂和养分数据，研究了中国中部富营养化大型湖泊洪湖LGD及相关养分通量的时空变化。多种环境示踪剂显示了LGD速率的时空变化。222Rn质量平衡模型估计，2022年3月的LGD速率为33.32±18.78 mm/d， 2022年9月为10.97±6.76 mm/d。9月份LGD下降的原因是夏季严重干旱，导致地下水开采增加，地下水位下降。从空间上看，湖泊西部的LGD速率较高，与地下水排放区相对应。流域内地下水流场控制着地表沉降的空间变化。2022年3月，LGD贡献了约52% - 53%的外部总氮和总磷输入，但在2022年9月仅贡献了10% - 13%。湖泊水体总氮和总磷的空间分布与lgd养分负荷的空间变化相对应。该研究为洪湖及长江中游地区的水资源管理和生态保护提供了理论依据，并为全球湖泊-地下水相互作用研究提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Dense stands of aquatic plants retain water in lowland rivers and in adjacent floodplain aquifers 密集的水生植物林在低地河流和邻近的洪泛平原含水层中保留水分

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134882

Jan Köhler , Jörg Lewandowski

Dense stands of aquatic plants narrow the flow cross section and increase the hydraulic roughness, elevating the water level at a given discharge. We analyzed long-term data on discharge, water level, and macrophyte biomass along a lowland river to test the following hypotheses: (H1) aquatic vegetation compensates for declining water levels in a drier climate; (H2) macrophytes retain water not only in the river channel but also in the adjacent aquifer, and (H3) weed cutting lowers the water level and reduces water storage capacity for few weeks and short river sections. We calculated the impounding effect of macrophytes from the deviation of measured water levels from the gauge-discharge relationship without macrophytes. This impounding effect developed with recolonization of the river by macrophytes and follows an annual cycle. In recent summers, macrophytes caused a water level raise by 64 ± 14 cm at the beginning of the 32 km river section, keeping the mean water level constant despite a 47 % decline in discharge. Changes in river water level quickly propagated over several hundred meters into the floodplain aquifer. The impounding effect of macrophytes increased the water volume originally stored in the river channel by 19.4 %, plus up to 143 % in the floodplain aquifer (summer average, 2011–2021). Mowing in July (but not in September) reduced the impounding effect for the rest of the season. This water retention kept the groundwater level constantly high, avoiding desiccation of the adjacent fens. These benefits may outweigh the increase in flood risk by aquatic vegetation, especially in a drier climate.

密集的水生植物林缩小了水流截面，增加了水力粗糙度，提高了给定流量下的水位。我们分析了一条低地河流的流量、水位和大型植物生物量的长期数据，以检验以下假设：（H1）在干旱气候下，水生植被补偿了水位的下降；（H2）大型植物不仅在河道中保留水分，而且在邻近的含水层中也保留水分，（H3）除草降低了水位，减少了几周和短河段的储水量。根据实测水位与无大型植物的水位-流量关系的偏差，计算了大型植物的蓄水效应。这种蓄水效应随着大型植物对河流的重新定殖而发展，并遵循年循环。在最近的夏季，在32 km河段开始时，大型植物使水位上升了64±14 cm，尽管流量下降了47%，但平均水位保持不变。河流水位的变化迅速蔓延到几百米外的洪泛区含水层。大型植物的蓄水效应使河道原有蓄水量增加19.4%，使洪泛区含水层原有蓄水量增加143%（2011-2021年夏季平均值）。7月（而不是9月）的割草减少了剩余季节的截留效果。这种蓄水使地下水位保持在较高水平，避免了邻近沼泽的干涸。这些好处可能超过水生植被增加的洪水风险，特别是在干旱气候下。

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引用次数: 0

Decision support framework for multi-reservoir flood control: A fast decision-making method without preference information 多水库防洪决策支持框架：一种无偏好信息的快速决策方法

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134885

Cheng Chen , Binquan Li , Huiming Zhang , Maihuan Zhao , Zhongmin Liang , Xindai An

Reservoir flood control scheduling is a crucial part of the forecast-scheduling-decision process chain. Effective decision-making requires decision-makers to express their preference information accurately, which is often difficult to quantify. This study proposes an auxiliary decision-making method for multi-reservoir flood control scheduling based on multi-objective competitive relationships. The method incorporates cluster analysis and univariate optimization algorithms to estimate parameters individually for each Pareto front. Without relying on decision-makers to provide preference information, it reserves solutions with higher overall benefits as the recommended scheduling scheme. Taking the parallel multi-reservoir system in the lower reaches of the Yellow River as an example, the method reduced the number of alternatives by more than 76 % during a flood event on September 1, 2021. Under extreme flood scenarios, the decision outcomes tended to prioritize reservoir safety to mitigate the risk of dam break. Moreover, it filtered out lower-quality scheduling schemes, significantly reducing the decision-making complexity. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively guide the selection of scheduling schemes and enhance decision efficiency even without precise preference information.

水库防洪调度是预测-调度-决策过程链的关键环节。有效的决策需要决策者准确地表达他们的偏好信息，而这些信息往往难以量化。提出了一种基于多目标竞争关系的多库防洪调度辅助决策方法。该方法结合聚类分析和单变量优化算法对每个Pareto前沿分别进行参数估计。在不依赖决策者提供偏好信息的情况下，保留整体效益较高的方案作为推荐调度方案。以黄河下游并联多水库系统为例，该方法在2021年9月1日的一次洪水事件中减少了76%以上的备选方案。在极端洪水情景下，决策结果倾向于优先考虑水库安全，以减轻溃坝风险。此外，它还过滤掉了低质量的调度方案，显著降低了决策复杂性。结果表明，在没有精确偏好信息的情况下，该方法能有效地指导调度方案的选择，提高决策效率。

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引用次数: 0

Dissolved organic matter dynamics in black soil leachates during infiltration under freeze–thaw regimes: spectroscopic insights from a laboratory study in high-latitude regions 冻融条件下黑土渗滤液中溶解有机物的动态：高纬度地区实验室研究的光谱分析

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134884

Jing-jing Wang , Qing-wei Zhang , Guo Chen , Feng-bao Zhang , Jian Wang , Ming Li , Hao Wang

Large amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are released into soils during freeze–thaw cycles, yet, the properties and migration behavior remain poorly understood. Therefore, variations in DOM characteristics in soil leachates during different infiltration stages were investigated using soil column leaching experiments under different freeze–thaw cycle frequencies (i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28) coupled with the optical mechanics. Overall, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in soil leachates from the freeze–thaw treatments (FTCs) was significantly larger than that of the controls (NFCs). The proportion of protein-like fluorescence in soil leachate largely increased with freeze–thaw cycle frequency, but strongly decreased from the early to late infiltration stage. The proportion of endogenous contributions in soil leachate significantly increased with freeze–thaw cycle frequency, vice versa for the humification degree. For both the low cycle frequency group (FTCs-LC and NFCs-LC, ≤12) and the high cycle frequency group (FTCs-HC and NFCs-HC, ≥16), the DOC content and the endogenous contributions generally decreased with soil infiltration processes, but the molecular weight, aromaticity, and humification degree increased. The differences in DOM parameters between the FTCs-LC and NFCs-LC, and FTCs-HC and NFCs-HC varied substantially with infiltration stages. In addition, the DOM characteristics of soil leachates were also greatly different between the low cycle frequency group and the high cycle frequency group under the given infiltration stages for FTCs and NFCs. Freeze–thaw cycles are capable of disrupting soil structure to modify the composition and mobility of DOM, collectively altering its transport pathways and characteristics. These findings suggest that freeze–thaw-induced changes may exert substantial influence on terrestrial-aquatic carbon fluxes in high-latitude regions.

在冻融循环过程中，大量溶解有机质（DOM）被释放到土壤中，但其性质和迁移行为仍不清楚。因此，通过不同冻融循环频率（即1、2、4、8、12、16、20、24、28）下的土壤柱淋滤试验，结合光学力学，研究了不同入渗阶段土壤渗滤液DOM特性的变化。总体而言，冻融处理（FTCs）土壤渗滤液中溶解有机碳（DOC）含量显著高于对照（nfc）。土壤渗滤液中蛋白样荧光的比例随着冻融循环频率的增加而增加，但在入渗前期至后期呈明显下降趋势。土壤渗滤液中内源贡献的比例随着冻融循环次数的增加而显著增加，腐殖质化程度反之。无论是低循环频率组（FTCs-LC和NFCs-LC，≤12）还是高循环频率组（FTCs-HC和NFCs-HC，≥16），随着土壤入渗过程，DOC含量和内源贡献普遍降低，但分子量、芳香性和腐殖化程度增加。随着浸润阶段的不同，FTCs-LC与NFCs-LC、FTCs-HC与NFCs-HC的DOM参数差异较大。此外，在给定的FTCs和nfc入渗阶段下，土壤渗滤液的DOM特征在低循环频率组和高循环频率组之间也存在较大差异。冻融循环能够破坏土壤结构，改变DOM的组成和流动性，共同改变其运输途径和特征。这些发现表明，冻融引起的变化可能对高纬度地区陆水碳通量产生实质性影响。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution prediction and spatiotemporal analysis of suspended sediment distribution in the Liao River estuary − a deep learning perspective 辽河河口悬沙分布演化预测与时空分析——基于深度学习的视角

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134830

Xinyu Huang , Jun Tang , Yanlong Zhao , Yongming Shen , Qingyi Meng

Accurate prediction and understanding of the long-term spatiotemporal feature analysis of three-dimensional suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in estuaries is critical for coastal management, but challenged by multi-factor interactions (river discharge, tidal forcing, wind waves) and depth-dependent dynamics. This study proposes a deep learning model framework for spatiotemporal prediction and automatic long-term spatiotemporal feature analysis of SSC in estuarine areas. The framework of the deep learning model integrates simplified encoder decoder coverage of multi-dimensional complex SSC data, and spatial embedding patterns to automatically extract annualized/seasonal spatiotemporal features. The model was trained and tested using numerically simulated SSC data for the Liao River estuary from 2019 to 2022, obtained from the validated FVCOM (Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model), achieving: 48 h 3D SSC forecasting (coefficient of determination > 0.7, mean absolute error < 7 mg/L, root mean square error<20 mg/L). The model was then used to identify the annualized /seasonal spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of SSC from 2019 to 2022, revealing three important findings: SSC closely resembles changes in river-dominated areas, while in wave-driven areas it is related to environmental randomness; water depth significantly regulates SSC sub-patterns through wave/tidal distortion; summer floods unify river-estuary SSC, other seasons trigger wave-driven estuary decoupling and > 50 km coastal synchrony. The proposed model may provide a robust decision-support tool for coastal engineering applications, such as dredging scheduling and navigational risk mitigation.

准确预测和理解河口三维悬沙浓度（SSC）的长期时空特征分析对海岸管理至关重要，但受到多因素相互作用（河流流量、潮汐强迫、风浪）和深度依赖动力学的挑战。本研究提出了一种用于河口地区SSC时空预测和长期时空特征自动分析的深度学习模型框架。深度学习模型的框架集成了多维复杂SSC数据的简化编码器解码器覆盖和空间嵌入模式，以自动提取年化/季节性时空特征。利用经验证的有限体积沿海海洋模型（FVCOM） 2019 - 2022年辽河河口SSC数值模拟数据对模型进行了训练和测试，实现了48 h SSC三维预测（决定系数>； 0.7，平均绝对误差<； 7 mg/L，均方根误差<；20 mg/L）。利用该模型识别了2019 - 2022年南中国海碳含量的年化/季节性时空分布特征，揭示了三个重要发现：河流主导区南中国海碳含量变化与河流主导区密切相关，波浪驱动区南中国海碳含量变化与环境随机性相关；水深通过波浪/潮汐畸变显著调节SSC子型；夏季洪水统一江口SSC，其他季节触发波浪驱动的河口解耦和50公里海岸同步。所提出的模型可以为沿海工程应用提供强大的决策支持工具，例如疏浚调度和航行风险缓解。

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引用次数: 0

Nonlinear dynamics of groundwater depth under hydrologic change and its enhancing contribution to runoff in the Tibetan Plateau 水文变化下青藏高原地下水深度的非线性动态及其对径流的增强作用

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134883

Kebin Xia , Baisha Weng , Peng Xu , Denghua Yan , Yunzhong Jiang , Hao Wang

Groundwater in alpine source regions plays a crucial role in sustaining regional water cycles and safeguarding downstream ecological security. However, a systematic understanding of its dynamic response to climate change and associated hydrological functions remains limited. In this study, we employed a distributed hydrological model that integrates ground observations and CMIP6 climate projections under four SSP scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) to simulate groundwater-depth evolution and quantify its runoff contribution in the Nu-Salween River headwaters (Qinghai–Tibet Plateau) for 1960–2100. Results reveal that groundwater depth deepened overall during the historical period, with pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Future projections exhibit distinct nonlinear behaviour: widespread deepening is expected before 2060, followed by regionally divergent trends thereafter. This nonlinear groundwater response appears to be driven not only by climate change but also by the degradation of permafrost. In the composition of runoff, the long-term mean groundwater contribution remains stable at roughly 10 %, while its seasonal regulatory effect intensifies. Specifically, the groundwater share of runoff in winter and spring is projected to increase by 2.0–2.6 %, highlighting its critical role in sustaining dry-season flows in cold plateau environments. These findings reveal the nonlinear evolution of groundwater depth under climate change and its regulatory influence on runoff, providing a solid scientific basis for advancing research on alpine water cycle mechanisms and for guiding adaptive water resource management in cold plateau regions.

高寒源区地下水在维持区域水循环和保障下游生态安全方面具有重要作用。然而，对其对气候变化的动态响应和相关水文功能的系统了解仍然有限。基于SSP126、SSP245、SSP370和SSP585 4种SSP情景下的地面观测和CMIP6气候预估，采用分布式水文模型模拟了1960-2100年青藏高原怒温江源区地下水深度变化，并量化了其径流贡献。结果表明：历史时期地下水深度总体加深，空间异质性明显；对未来的预测显示出明显的非线性行为：预计2060年之前将出现大范围加深，此后将出现区域差异趋势。这种非线性地下水响应似乎不仅受到气候变化的驱动，也受到永久冻土退化的驱动。径流组成中，地下水长期平均贡献稳定在10%左右，季节性调节作用增强。具体而言，冬季和春季地下水径流份额预计将增加2.0 - 2.6%，突出了其在寒冷高原环境中维持旱季流量的关键作用。这些发现揭示了气候变化下地下水深度的非线性演化及其对径流的调控作用，为推进高寒水循环机制研究和指导高原地区适应性水资源管理提供了坚实的科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Stabilizing aquifer permeability time series via parameter sensitivity optimization in groundwater tidal analysis 地下水潮汐分析中参数敏感性优化稳定含水层渗透率时间序列

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134874

Guanru He , Zheming Shi , Xiaolong Sun , Zhiyu Qi , Peng Ye , Guangcai Wang

Estimation of the dynamics of aquifer permeability based on the well water level response to earth tides holds great potential for seismic monitoring and water resource management. While this method is widely applied, its use is hindered by the multiple solutions of the analytical models. In this study, the distribution of the multiple solutions obtained by commonly used tidal response models was investigated and compared with the pumping test result of a well in the Beetaloo Region, Northern Australia. The results indicate that non-unique inversion solutions arise from weak constraints imposed by low-sensitivity parameters. Small amplitude ratios are prone to anomalous or physically implausible solutions, whereas permeability estimates become increasingly stable as the amplitude ratio approaches 1. Thus, a new method was proposed to mitigate the influence of initial guesses and reduce the number of solutions by employing the ratio between the aquifer hydraulic conductivity and the leakage hydraulic conductivity. This method was then applied to five wells in the TanLu Fault Zone, allowing for the reliable determination of permeability evolution for different aquifer properties. These findings contribute to robust permeability estimation and provide a pathway for more accurate aquifer characterization.

基于井水水位对潮汐响应的含水层渗透率动态估计在地震监测和水资源管理中具有很大的应用潜力。虽然该方法得到了广泛的应用，但由于分析模型存在多重解，阻碍了该方法的应用。本文研究了常用潮汐响应模型得到的多重解的分布，并与澳大利亚北部Beetaloo地区一口井的抽水试验结果进行了比较。结果表明，非唯一反演解是由低灵敏度参数施加的弱约束引起的。小振幅比容易产生异常或物理上不可信的解，而渗透率估计随着振幅比接近1而变得越来越稳定。为此，提出了一种利用含水层导水率与泄漏导水率之比来减轻初始猜测影响、减少解数的新方法。将该方法应用于郯庐断裂带的5口井，可以可靠地确定不同含水层性质的渗透率演化。这些发现有助于可靠的渗透率估计，并为更准确的含水层表征提供了途径。

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional WFAM for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measurement: Theoretical derivation and numerical validation 三维WFAM非饱和水传导率测量：理论推导和数值验证

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134878

Xiao-kang Li , Yuan-ming Lai , Xu Li , Wen-zhen Tang , Qin-guo Ma , Xiao-xiao Luo , Lun-yang Zhao

The soil hydraulic conductivity function (SHCF) is the core constitutive relation for unsaturated seepage analysis in multiple hydrological and geo-environmental issues. The wetting front advancing method (WFAM) has been routinely applied to SHCF measurement. However, the current WFAM is limited to one-dimensional (1D) soil columns, which may lead to inaccuracies in seepage-related analyses since the field hydraulic properties differ from those of the laboratory remolded column. This study proposes a new three-dimensional (3D) WFAM through theoretical derivation and numerical validation. Firstly, the infiltration process of an infinite hemisphere stratum is analytically analyzed, yielding the 3D calculation formula of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity based on WFAM. The proposed 3D formula can degenerate into the classical 1D form when the geometry decays into a soil column. Afterwards, the performance of 3D WFAM in SHCF measurement is numerically investigated. The results showed that the SHCF estimated by the 3D formula was in good agreement with its “true” counterpart, validating the reliability of the proposed 3D WFAM among various soil types. Moreover, with the precondition of smoothly advancing wetting front, the 3D WFAM is applicable in a high suction range (e.g., >220 kPa for lean clay in this study), while the rest can be accurately complemented by the instantaneous profile method (IPM). On this basis, a field SHCF test method in a wide suction range is proposed by combining WFAM and IPM. The effectiveness of the combined method is verified based on the numerical results, accompanied by a comprehensive discussion on its field implementation. In summary, this article expands the classical WFAM to 3D conditions, thereby providing a promising strategy for field measurement of SHCF. Future research will focus on the on-site validation and application of the proposed 3D WFAM.

土壤导水函数（SHCF）是多种水文地质环境问题中非饱和渗流分析的核心本构关系。湿锋推进法（WFAM）已被常规应用于SHCF测量。然而，目前的WFAM仅限于一维（1D）土柱，这可能导致与渗透相关的分析不准确，因为现场水力特性与实验室重塑柱不同。本文通过理论推导和数值验证，提出了一种新的三维（3D） WFAM。首先，对无限大半球地层的入渗过程进行了解析分析，给出了基于WFAM的非饱和导电性三维计算公式。当几何结构衰变为土柱时，所提出的三维公式可退化为经典的一维形式。然后，对三维WFAM在SHCF测量中的性能进行了数值研究。结果表明，三维公式估算的SHCF与“真实”值吻合较好，验证了所提出的三维WFAM在不同土壤类型中的可靠性。此外，在湿润锋顺利推进的前提下，三维WFAM适用于高吸力范围（如本研究贫粘土为>；220 kPa），其余部分可由瞬时剖面法（IPM）精确补充。在此基础上，提出了将WFAM与IPM相结合的大吸力范围SHCF现场试验方法。通过数值结果验证了该方法的有效性，并对该方法的现场实施进行了全面的讨论。综上所述，本文将经典的WFAM扩展到三维条件，从而为SHCF的现场测量提供了一种有前途的策略。未来的研究将侧重于所提出的3D WFAM的现场验证和应用。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of severe land use changes on the hydrology of snow dominated catchments in southern Quebec 严重的土地利用变化对魁北克南部以雪为主的集水区水文的影响

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134875

Siavash Pouryousefi Markhali , Mariana Castañeda Gonzalez , Béatrice Turcotte , Annie Poulin , Jean-Luc Martel , Richard Arsenault , François Brissette , Olivier Asselin , Richard Turcotte

The present study evaluates the hydrological response to severe land use changes using the distributed physically-based hydrological model HYDROTEL over 89 catchments in Eastern North America. Additionally, two catchments were selected to assess the impacts on past extreme flood events. Streamflow simulations were generated using three regional climate simulations from the Canadian Regional Climate Model version 5 (CRCM5) for the 1986–2015 period. The simulations were based on current land use (EVAL) and two extreme land use scenarios with only grass (GRASS) and only forest (FOREST) land use. The FOREST and GRASS simulations include the feedback of land-use to climate. The Multivariate Bias Correction (MBCn) algorithm was applied to correct biases in EVAL simulation, with the same coefficients used for GRASS and FOREST simulations to ensure a consistent climate baseline and maintain the spread of the simulations. HYDROTEL’s land-use inputs were adjusted to match those from the CRCM5 simulations. The results indicated significant changes in both the timing and magnitude of spring peak flows associated with snowmelt: the FOREST scenario showed earlier, reduced peak flows, while the GRASS scenario led to delayed, larger peaks. Additionally, the catchments were categorized by size-large (>1000 km²), medium (500–1000 km²), and small (<500 km²)-to evaluate size-related impacts. A model comparison was conducted between HYDROTEL and the physically-based distributed model WaSiM on two diverse catchments, revealing that HYDROTEL demonstrated higher sensitivity to snowmelt and accumulation processes (because of its multi-land use snow model structure), while WaSiM showed greater sensitivity to evapotranspiration (due to its Richards-equation-based soil module). Finally, it was found that the RCM-simulated land use-climate feedback is considerably more important than the hydrological model land-use change effect on the spring flood modification.

本研究利用分布式物理水文模型HYDROTEL评估了北美东部89个集水区对严重土地利用变化的水文响应。此外，还选择了两个集水区来评估对过去极端洪水事件的影响。利用加拿大区域气候模式第5版（CRCM5） 1986-2015年期间的三个区域气候模拟生成了径流模拟。模拟基于当前土地利用（EVAL）和仅草（grass）和仅林（forest）两种极端土地利用情景。FOREST和GRASS模拟包括土地利用对气候的反馈。采用多元偏差校正（Multivariate Bias Correction, MBCn）算法对EVAL模拟中的偏差进行校正，采用与GRASS和FOREST模拟相同的系数，以确保气候基线的一致性，并保持模拟的广泛性。HYDROTEL的土地使用输入经过调整，与CRCM5模拟结果相匹配。结果表明，与融雪相关的春季峰值流量的时间和大小都发生了显著变化：FOREST情景的峰值流量出现得更早、更少，而GRASS情景的峰值出现得更晚、更大。此外，为了评估与流域大小相关的影响，还将流域划分为大型（1000平方公里）、中型（500 - 1000平方公里）和小型（500平方公里）。对两个不同流域的HYDROTEL和基于物理的分布式模型WaSiM进行了模型比较，发现HYDROTEL对融雪和积累过程具有更高的敏感性（由于其多土地利用的雪模型结构），而WaSiM对蒸散发具有更高的敏感性（由于其基于richards方程的土壤模块）。结果表明，rcm模拟的土地利用-气候反馈对春洪调控的影响远高于水文模型的土地利用变化效应。

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引用次数: 0