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Spatial and seasonal variations of carbon emissions in an urban lake: Flux sensitivity and sampling optimization based on high-resolution measurements 城市湖泊碳排放的空间和季节变化:通量敏感性和基于高分辨率测量的采样优化
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132472
Jie Yin , Xiaobing Chen , Lizhen Wen , Xiaoli Tu , Wenting Xie , Ran Xv
Understanding the dynamics of pCO2 and pCH4 is important for evaluating carbon emissions from the aquatic environment. While temporal dynamics of pCO2 and pCH4 have been extensively studied, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning their spatial characteristics. In this study, we used boat-mounted sensors to directly measure pCO2 and pCH4 with high spatial resolution across seasons in Xuanwu Lake (XWL), an urban lake in Nanjing, China. Additionally, water chemistries were measured at selected sites for correlation analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of measurement location and density on carbon flux estimates.
Results show that continuous on-board measurements innovatively captured the spatial distribution of pCO2 and pCH4. Both gases varied significantly across seasons, exhibiting pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Peak emissions occurred in summer, with the lowest CO2 in spring and CH4 in fall. Both pCO2 and pCH4 increased from the lake center to the shoreline, with the largest fluctuations near the shore. In total, XWL acted as a net source of CO2 and CH4, with mean diffusive fluxes of 11.4 ± 10.1 and 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol∙m−2∙d−1, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that lake-wide flux calculations depend on measurement locations and sample size. pCO2 exhibited greater heterogeneity than pCH4, necessitating different sampling thresholds. The optimal threshold for capturing lake-wide CO2 flux was 18–30 samples per km2, while this density was sufficient for CH4 flux estimates. Our study highlights that both CO2 and CH4 exhibit significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity, necessitating high-resolution sampling for accurate flux assessments. The sampling strategy presented could guide future studies, as sampling in the intermediate zone effectively reduces the number of samples needed while maintaining accuracy.
了解pCO2和pCH4的动态变化对评估水生环境的碳排放具有重要意义。虽然对pCO2和pCH4的时间动态进行了广泛的研究,但对其空间特征的研究却存在明显的空白。本研究利用船载传感器对南京城市湖泊玄武湖(XWL)的pCO2和pCH4进行了不同季节的高空间分辨率直接测量。此外,在选定的地点测量了水化学成分进行相关性分析。敏感度分析评估了测量地点和密度对碳通量估算的影响。
{"title":"Spatial and seasonal variations of carbon emissions in an urban lake: Flux sensitivity and sampling optimization based on high-resolution measurements","authors":"Jie Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Chen ,&nbsp;Lizhen Wen ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Tu ,&nbsp;Wenting Xie ,&nbsp;Ran Xv","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the dynamics of <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and <em>p</em>CH<sub>4</sub> is important for evaluating carbon emissions from the aquatic environment. While temporal dynamics of <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and <em>p</em>CH<sub>4</sub> have been extensively studied, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning their spatial characteristics. In this study, we used boat-mounted sensors to directly measure <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and <em>p</em>CH<sub>4</sub> with high spatial resolution across seasons in Xuanwu Lake (XWL), an urban lake in Nanjing, China. Additionally, water chemistries were measured at selected sites for correlation analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of measurement location and density on carbon flux estimates.</div><div>Results show that continuous on-board measurements innovatively captured the spatial distribution of <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and <em>p</em>CH<sub>4</sub>. Both gases varied significantly across seasons, exhibiting pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Peak emissions occurred in summer, with the lowest CO<sub>2</sub> in spring and CH<sub>4</sub> in fall. Both <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and <em>p</em>CH<sub>4</sub> increased from the lake center to the shoreline, with the largest fluctuations near the shore. In total, XWL acted as a net source of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, with mean diffusive fluxes of 11.4 ± 10.1 and 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that lake-wide flux calculations depend on measurement locations and sample size. <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> exhibited greater heterogeneity than <em>p</em>CH<sub>4</sub>, necessitating different sampling thresholds. The optimal threshold for capturing lake-wide CO<sub>2</sub> flux was 18–30 samples per km<sup>2</sup>, while this density was sufficient for CH<sub>4</sub> flux estimates. Our study highlights that both CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> exhibit significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity, necessitating high-resolution sampling for accurate flux assessments. The sampling strategy presented could guide future studies, as sampling in the intermediate zone effectively reduces the number of samples needed while maintaining accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"648 ","pages":"Article 132472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pressure management strategies for large-scale aquifer recharge: Mitigating the potential for injection-induced earthquakes
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132767
Ethan W. Conley , Cameron R. Chambers , John B. Ogunleye , Lars W. Koehn , Dan Holloway , Jamie Heisig-Mitchell , Martin Chapman , Mahesh Parija , Ryan M. Pollyea
Long-term groundwater withdrawals in coastal Virginia have led to declining groundwater levels, saltwater intrusion, and land subsidence, threatening regional water security and infrastructure. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) through underground injection offers a promising solution to mitigate these effects. A large-scale MAR project is under construction in southeast Virginia to replenish the Potomac Aquifer, with a combined injection rate of up to ∼ 189,000 m3/day at two sites. The first site, scheduled for 2026, will begin operations with an initial injection rate of ∼ 61,000 m3/day. Given that the Potomac Aquifer lies unconformably above crystalline basement rock, injection-induced pressure transients may propagate into the basement, increasing the risk of injection-induced seismicity. To assess this risk, a regional-scale numerical model was employed, incorporating ensemble simulations with 50 models using spatially random and equally probable permeability distributions within the basement. The simulations of a 61,000 m3/day injection scenario indicate significant pressure propagation into the basement, with fluid pressures reaching up to 40 kPa in some areas, which could be sufficient to induce seismicity. However, a ramp-up strategy for the injection rate, extending over a 12-month period, was found to effectively reduce the pressurization rate in the basement and mitigate the seismic risk. These results provide a probabilistic understanding of pressure changes in the basement rock and inform strategies for minimizing pressure transients that may induce seismicity while achieving effective aquifer recharge.
{"title":"Pressure management strategies for large-scale aquifer recharge: Mitigating the potential for injection-induced earthquakes","authors":"Ethan W. Conley ,&nbsp;Cameron R. Chambers ,&nbsp;John B. Ogunleye ,&nbsp;Lars W. Koehn ,&nbsp;Dan Holloway ,&nbsp;Jamie Heisig-Mitchell ,&nbsp;Martin Chapman ,&nbsp;Mahesh Parija ,&nbsp;Ryan M. Pollyea","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term groundwater withdrawals in coastal Virginia have led to declining groundwater levels, saltwater intrusion, and land subsidence, threatening regional water security and infrastructure. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) through underground injection offers a promising solution to mitigate these effects. A large-scale MAR project is under construction in southeast Virginia to replenish the Potomac Aquifer, with a combined injection rate of up to ∼ 189,000 m<sup>3</sup>/day at two sites. The first site, scheduled for 2026, will begin operations with an initial injection rate of ∼ 61,000 m<sup>3</sup>/day. Given that the Potomac Aquifer lies unconformably above crystalline basement rock, injection-induced pressure transients may propagate into the basement, increasing the risk of injection-induced seismicity. To assess this risk, a regional-scale numerical model was employed, incorporating ensemble simulations with 50 models using spatially random and equally probable permeability distributions within the basement. The simulations of a 61,000 m<sup>3</sup>/day injection scenario indicate significant pressure propagation into the basement, with fluid pressures reaching up to 40 kPa in some areas, which could be sufficient to induce seismicity. However, a ramp-up strategy for the injection rate, extending over a 12-month period, was found to effectively reduce the pressurization rate in the basement and mitigate the seismic risk. These results provide a probabilistic understanding of pressure changes in the basement rock and inform strategies for minimizing pressure transients that may induce seismicity while achieving effective aquifer recharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"653 ","pages":"Article 132767"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial pattern of amount effect of daily precipitation isotopes in China: A consideration of seasonality based on observation and simulation
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132793
Yuqing Qian , Shengjie Wang , Mingjun Zhang , Kei Yoshimura , Hayoung Bong , Gahong Yang , Hongyang Li
The negative correlation between precipitation amount and precipitation δ18O, also known as the amount effect, is considered one of the main environmental controls of precipitation isotopes. As isotope observations increase, there is a debate about the spatial patterns of amount effect especially on a daily scale. Based on observations at 150 sampling stations and an isotope-enabled climate model, here we examined the amount effect of precipitation isotopes across China from humid to arid climate conditions. The observations and simulations indicated that the spatial distribution of amount effect of daily precipitation isotopes for each season is not limited to the traditional low latitudes. When the seasonality of precipitation isotopes is filtered or reduced, the areas with amount effect on a daily scale are enlarged. On a daily scale, there is a spatially coherent amount effect in summer, while in other seasons some areas without an amount effect can also be observed, especially in the northeastern part of China in winter. Except for summer, the precipitation extremes do not always lead to isotope depletion, which may be related to relatively higher temperatures during precipitation extremes in these areas. After the seasonality is eliminated, as the time scale increases from daily to monthly and annual scale, the spatial patterns of amount effect are generally similar. The seasonality of spatial patterns of amount effect is associated with atmospheric circulation. The findings provide a perspective of seasonality removal to understand the amount effect of precipitation isotopes, and are useful for understanding the changing isotope signatures in an accelerated hydrological cycle.
{"title":"Spatial pattern of amount effect of daily precipitation isotopes in China: A consideration of seasonality based on observation and simulation","authors":"Yuqing Qian ,&nbsp;Shengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Mingjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Kei Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Hayoung Bong ,&nbsp;Gahong Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The negative correlation between precipitation amount and precipitation <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O, also known as the amount effect, is considered one of the main environmental controls of precipitation isotopes. As isotope observations increase, there is a debate about the spatial patterns of amount effect especially on a daily scale. Based on observations at 150 sampling stations and an isotope-enabled climate model, here we examined the amount effect of precipitation isotopes across China from humid to arid climate conditions. The observations and simulations indicated that the spatial distribution of amount effect of daily precipitation isotopes for each season is not limited to the traditional low latitudes. When the seasonality of precipitation isotopes is filtered or reduced, the areas with amount effect on a daily scale are enlarged. On a daily scale, there is a spatially coherent amount effect in summer, while in other seasons some areas without an amount effect can also be observed, especially in the northeastern part of China in winter. Except for summer, the precipitation extremes do not always lead to isotope depletion, which may be related to relatively higher temperatures during precipitation extremes in these areas. After the seasonality is eliminated, as the time scale increases from daily to monthly and annual scale, the spatial patterns of amount effect are generally similar. The seasonality of spatial patterns of amount effect is associated with atmospheric circulation. The findings provide a perspective of seasonality removal to understand the amount effect of precipitation isotopes, and are useful for understanding the changing isotope signatures in an accelerated hydrological cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"653 ","pages":"Article 132793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Copula-based joint impact assessment of rainfall and tidal level on flood risk in tidal-influenced plain river network areas, Taihu Lake Basin
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132785
Hong Zhou , Jun Liu , Cheng Gao , Weidong Li , Shufang Ou , Yi Zhou , Qinghua Luan
The combined effects of rainfall and tidal boundaries significantly impact regional floods in tidal-influenced plain river network areas, requiring sophisticated modeling and management strategies to mitigate flood risks effectively. Despite this, the current research primarily concentrates on the joint probability of rainfall and the highest high tidal levels (HHT), neglecting the analysis of the impact of rainfall patterns and the highest low tidal levels (HLT) on flood risks. To address this gap, a framework employing Copula functions to construct joint distributions of rainfall and its corresponding HHT and HLT was proposed, enabling the determination of the most likely HHT (HHT-M) and HLT (HLT-M) values that combine with rainfalls under different return periods. Subsequently, a hydrological and hydrodynamic coupling model was utilized to simulate various scenarios, including typical design rainfall patterns (TRP) and typical tidal levels (TT), TRP and most likely tidal levels (MLT) of the most likely rainfall and tidal level combinations (MLRTLC), and the joint impact of rainfall patterns and tidal levels was analyzed. The Wuchengxiyu Region was selected as the study area, and it was found that combinations of rainfall with HHT-M and HLT-M under MLRTLC across various return periods were consistently found to be 5.25 m and 3.35 m, respectively. For TRP, in the 2017 typical year scenario, which featured the latest rainfall peak position, the average water level of river nodes was 0.22 m higher than the current 1991 typical year. For HHT and HLT, the maximum difference in average water levels of all river nodes for TT was only 0.03 m compared to MLT, and water level differences were 0.14 m and 0.00 m for nodes close to and faraway from the Yangtze River, respectively. The results indicate that, although the influence of tidal levels on flood risk varies spatially, the design rainfall pattern is more significant in determining flood levels than tidal level. Additionally, the design flood levels are higher when the rain peak occurs later and the rainfall is more intense. The findings of this study are significant for flood control, disaster mitigation, and risk management in tidal plains, offering insights to update flood control plans and enhance resilience to extreme rainfall and flooding.
{"title":"Copula-based joint impact assessment of rainfall and tidal level on flood risk in tidal-influenced plain river network areas, Taihu Lake Basin","authors":"Hong Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Gao ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Shufang Ou ,&nbsp;Yi Zhou ,&nbsp;Qinghua Luan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combined effects of rainfall and tidal boundaries significantly impact regional floods in tidal-influenced plain river network areas, requiring sophisticated modeling and management strategies to mitigate flood risks effectively. Despite this, the current research primarily concentrates on the joint probability of rainfall and the highest high tidal levels (HHT), neglecting the analysis of the impact of rainfall patterns and the highest low tidal levels (HLT) on flood risks. To address this gap, a framework employing Copula functions to construct joint distributions of rainfall and its corresponding HHT and HLT was proposed, enabling the determination of the most likely HHT (HHT-M) and HLT (HLT-M) values that combine with rainfalls under different return periods. Subsequently, a hydrological and hydrodynamic coupling model was utilized to simulate various scenarios, including typical design rainfall patterns (TRP) and typical tidal levels (TT), TRP and most likely tidal levels (MLT) of the most likely rainfall and tidal level combinations (MLRTLC), and the joint impact of rainfall patterns and tidal levels was analyzed. The Wuchengxiyu Region was selected as the study area, and it was found that combinations of rainfall with HHT-M and HLT-M under MLRTLC across various return periods were consistently found to be 5.25 m and 3.35 m, respectively. For TRP, in the 2017 typical year scenario, which featured the latest rainfall peak position, the average water level of river nodes was 0.22 m higher than the current 1991 typical year. For HHT and HLT, the maximum difference in average water levels of all river nodes for TT was only 0.03 m compared to MLT, and water level differences were 0.14 m and 0.00 m for nodes close to and faraway from the Yangtze River, respectively. The results indicate that, although the influence of tidal levels on flood risk varies spatially, the design rainfall pattern is more significant in determining flood levels than tidal level. Additionally, the design flood levels are higher when the rain peak occurs later and the rainfall is more intense. The findings of this study are significant for flood control, disaster mitigation, and risk management in tidal plains, offering insights to update flood control plans and enhance resilience to extreme rainfall and flooding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"653 ","pages":"Article 132785"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143286005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Groundwater hydrogeochemical changes predating and following the November 9, 2022 Mw 5.5 Adriatic offshore earthquake (central Italy)
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132792
Lorenzo Chemeri , Marco Taussi , Davide Fronzi , Jacopo Cabassi , Stefano Mazzoli , Alberto Tazioli , Alberto Renzulli , Orlando Vaselli
We report the results from a pre- and post-seismic water monitoring carried out in the Mt. Conero area (central Italy) to evaluate the earthquake-related variations on the water hydrogeochemistry related to the November 9, 2022 Adriatic offshore seismic sequence. This latter was characterized by two main events of Mw 5.5 and 5.2. The monitoring network included two wells and one piezometer located at ∼50 km from the earthquake epicentre. The wells did not show relevant changes. Contrarily, the piezometer showed an overwhelming variation in its composition and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) since four months before the mainshock, shifting from a low-salinity (TDS < 1000 mg/L) calcium-bicarbonate facies to a high-salinity (TDS > 3500 mg/L) sodium-chloride composition. Then, composition and TDS were restored about a week after the events. These changes were accompanied by strong increases in trace elements concentrations (e.g., B, Mn), which returned to the pre-seismic values in the days following the mainshock. The strong hydrogeochemical variations recorded at the piezometer were likely related with two different seismically-induced processes linked to a mixing between shallow Ca-HCO3 and deep Na-Cl waters, and the bedrock’s fracture unclogging. These variations are, to the best of our knowledge, among the largest ever observed before a seismic event or, at least, ever reported in the literature. These results prove hydrogeochemical monitoring for seismic surveillance can be highly effective. Besides, our work represents a further step in the development of a methodology that could potentially track geochemical changes ahead of larger, potentially dangerous earthquakes.
{"title":"Groundwater hydrogeochemical changes predating and following the November 9, 2022 Mw 5.5 Adriatic offshore earthquake (central Italy)","authors":"Lorenzo Chemeri ,&nbsp;Marco Taussi ,&nbsp;Davide Fronzi ,&nbsp;Jacopo Cabassi ,&nbsp;Stefano Mazzoli ,&nbsp;Alberto Tazioli ,&nbsp;Alberto Renzulli ,&nbsp;Orlando Vaselli","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the results from a pre- and post-seismic water monitoring carried out in the Mt. Conero area (central Italy) to evaluate the earthquake-related variations on the water hydrogeochemistry related to the November 9, 2022 Adriatic offshore seismic sequence. This latter was characterized by two main events of M<sub>w</sub> 5.5 and 5.2. The monitoring network included two wells and one piezometer located at ∼50 km from the earthquake epicentre. The wells did not show relevant changes. Contrarily, the piezometer showed an overwhelming variation in its composition and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) since four months before the mainshock, shifting from a low-salinity (TDS &lt; 1000 mg/L) calcium-bicarbonate facies to a high-salinity (TDS &gt; 3500 mg/L) sodium-chloride composition. Then, composition and TDS were restored about a week after the events. These changes were accompanied by strong increases in trace elements concentrations (e.g., B, Mn), which returned to the pre-seismic values in the days following the mainshock. The strong hydrogeochemical variations recorded at the piezometer were likely related with two different seismically-induced processes linked to a mixing between shallow Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> and deep Na-Cl waters, and the bedrock’s fracture unclogging. These variations are, to the best of our knowledge, among the largest ever observed before a seismic event or, at least, ever reported in the literature. These results prove hydrogeochemical monitoring for seismic surveillance can be highly effective. Besides, our work represents a further step in the development of a methodology that could potentially track geochemical changes ahead of larger, potentially dangerous earthquakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"653 ","pages":"Article 132792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The hyporheic exchange remarkably influences methane dynamics and effluxes in rivers
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132400
Chao Gu , Mengqian Lu , Yi Liu
Methane (CH4), the second largest non-vapor greenhouse gas, has larger global warming threat than carbon dioxide (CO2). Atmospheric CH4 levels have spiked since the industrial revolution, with rivers identified as significant CH4 contributors. However, understanding the sources and dynamics of dissolved CH4 in rivers remains a challenge. Our study focuses on the Pearl River Basin (PRB) in China, examining CH4 dynamics across two distinct hydrologic seasons. Dissolved CH4 concentrations in the PRB varied widely, from 4 to 15126 nM, with higher levels during the wet season (681 ± 1508 nM) compared to the dry season (349 ± 328 nM). At the basin scale, dissolved CH4 was under the co-control of thermogenic source as background input (35 %) and biogenic source as the high-concentration source (65 %). The Pearl River network is a CH4 source and annually, 25.96 ± 32.6 Gg C of CH4 evades into the atmosphere via diffusion. The total CH4 emissions (diffusion + ebullition) account to more than 50 % warming potential of CO2 emission from the PRB. Without considering CH4 consumption by oxidation at the sediment–water interface and river water column, the hyporheic zone contributes 286 % and 414 % of CH4 emission to the atmosphere in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The hyporheic zone is a “hotspot” for biogenic CH4 production, but our results underlines that the hyporheic zone may also be a conduit medium for the transportation of groundwater derived CH4 into rivers. Furthermore, dissolved CH4 evades from the hyporheic zone into river channels at greater rates in larger rivers. These findings underscore the critical role of rivers in atmospheric CH4 levels and highlight the need for a deeper understanding of CH4 dynamics in the hyporheic zone. This knowledge is essential to complete the regional and global carbon cycle puzzle and address the urgent environmental challenges posed by greenhouse gases.
{"title":"The hyporheic exchange remarkably influences methane dynamics and effluxes in rivers","authors":"Chao Gu ,&nbsp;Mengqian Lu ,&nbsp;Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), the second largest non-vapor greenhouse gas, has larger global warming threat than carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> levels have spiked since the industrial revolution, with rivers identified as significant CH<sub>4</sub> contributors. However, understanding the sources and dynamics of dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> in rivers remains a challenge. Our study focuses on the Pearl River Basin (PRB) in China, examining CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics across two distinct hydrologic seasons. Dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in the PRB varied widely, from 4 to 15126 nM, with higher levels during the wet season (681 ± 1508 nM) compared to the dry season (349 ± 328 nM). At the basin scale, dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> was under the co-control of thermogenic source as background input (35 %) and biogenic source as the high-concentration source (65 %). The Pearl River network is a CH<sub>4</sub> source and annually, 25.96 ± 32.6 Gg C of CH<sub>4</sub> evades into the atmosphere via diffusion. The total CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (diffusion + ebullition) account to more than 50 % warming potential of CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the PRB. Without considering CH<sub>4</sub> consumption by oxidation at the sediment–water interface and river water column, the hyporheic zone contributes 286 % and 414 % of CH<sub>4</sub> emission to the atmosphere in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The hyporheic zone is a “hotspot” for biogenic CH<sub>4</sub> production, but our results underlines that the hyporheic zone may also be a conduit medium for the transportation of groundwater derived CH<sub>4</sub> into rivers. Furthermore, dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> evades from the hyporheic zone into river channels at greater rates in larger rivers. These findings underscore the critical role of rivers in atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> levels and highlight the need for a deeper understanding of CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in the hyporheic zone. This knowledge is essential to complete the regional and global carbon cycle puzzle and address the urgent environmental challenges posed by greenhouse gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"648 ","pages":"Article 132400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A refined method for the simulation of catchment rainfall–runoff based on satellite–precipitation downscaling
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132795
Jihao Jian , Siming He , Wei Liu , Shuang Liu , Liping Guo
Precipitation exhibits significant localized characteristics within the complex terrain of small watersheds and serves as a key factor in runoff processes. Fine-resolution precipitation estimates are crucial for the refined runoff simulations in mountainous catchments. We propose a novel, refined method for rainfall–runoff simulation that combines a modified downscaling model with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. By introducing an attention mechanism focusing on topographical features, the proposed Terrain-based Attention U-Net model (TA-UNet) achieves efficient and convenient downscaling of Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG GPM) data from 0.1° to 0.02°. TA-UNet’s robustness and accuracy were systematically evaluated, demonstrating improvements of 34.0 %, 29.9 %, 4.4 %, and 0.6 % in the mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM), respectively, compared with bilinear interpolation. Additionally, it outperformed meteorological forecasting indices such as the volumetric hit index (VHI), volumetric miss index (VMI), volumetric false alarm ratio (VFAR), and volumetric critical success index (VCSI). Validated against ground observations from 156 national meteorological stations in Sichuan Province and eight rain gauges in the Jiangjia Gully, TA-UNet effectively performed spatial downscaling of the IMERG GPM products, delivering higher precision in localized precipitation estimates. The fine-resolution downscaled precipitation demonstrated high sensitivity to runoff responses in rainfall–runoff simulations for the Jiangjia Gully. This refined method captures enhanced spatial precipitation characteristics in mountainous catchments and details rainfall–runoff propagation, providing an innovative and efficient forecasting strategy for hydrological management.
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the influence of training sampling strategies on time-series deep learning model in hydrology
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132774
Sunghyun Yoon , Kuk-Hyun Ahn
Numerous deep-learning models have been introduced to achieve reliable predictions in hydrology. In particular, recent works have shown that leveraging abundant training samples significantly improves the generalization performance due to the increased opportunity to learn fundamental processes from the samples. However, these studies often overlook the diverse levels of importance uncertainty in sample datasets. In our exploration of the rainfall-runoff relationship through modeling, we show that applying heterogeneous weights to training samples could yield even more enhanced predictions. We systematically examine the usefulness of the curriculum learning (CL)-based approach, which can dynamically assign weights to each training sample based on the concept of easy and hard samples. We particularly develop five distinct training strategies that prioritize different subsets of the training samples. Results demonstrate that employing the “easy-preferred mode” strategy—gradually increasing the complexity of data samples from easier ones—yields improved predictions compared to a random sampling strategy, similar to those prevalent in many studies. Specifically, the “easy-hard mode” strategy, allowing a shift in priority mode from “easy-first” to “hard-first” during the training process, exhibits the most remarkable performance. Lastly, our experiment also highlights that utilizing heterogeneous weights, known as a soft weighting scheme, for each sample proves more effective in enhancing the model’s performance compared to employing binary weights, referred to as a hard weighting scheme, for distinguishing between easy and hard samples in the proposed sampling strategy. Overall, our findings support the considerable benefits of employing the training sampling strategy for deep-learning models in hydrological tasks, ultimately enhancing prediction accuracy and contributing to improved water resource management and related policy-making.
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引用次数: 0
Interaction of climate and vegetation on the spatial distribution of rainfall-induced groundwater recharge in the Central Gangetic Plain
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132758
Anuradha Karunakalage , Ravi Sharma , Mohammad Taqi Daqiq , Suresh Kannaujiya
Groundwater Recharge (GR) is pivotal for sustainability, ensuring the renewability of groundwater. Artificial GR is a key strategy to counter water level decline, albeit constrained by cost and limited effective area. Natural GR controlling factors play a well-defined role and are more readily identifiable in arid and semi-arid regions, where fewer influencing factors are present. In contrast, in humid regions, identifying these recharge factors is more challenging due to high precipitation, extensive vegetation cover, and the presence of surface water bodies. This study focuses on the bio-geophysical aspects contributing to GR from seasonal precipitation in the central subtropical monsoon region of the Gangetic Plain, located in Uttar Pradesh, India. GR is complex, varying temporally and spatially, and challenging to quantify across large areas. In this study, the ’Water and Energy Transfer among Bare Soil, Vegetation, and Atmosphere (WetSpass)’ model was employed to estimate diffuse GR. Additionally, this study is the first to compare the simulated GR values from WetSpass with those from other global models without relying on the traditional verification process involving base flow. Simulated annual GR per square kilometer ranges from −3.5 mm/year/km2 to 222 mm/year/km2 for the period of 2005–2016, with substantial contributions observed during the summer recharge period. The state exhibits high evapotranspiration rates, largely driven by extensive agricultural land coverage. It comprehensively discusses the influence of bio-geophysical factors on GR modeling. Output and regression processes with climate, slope, soil type, and vegetation provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of natural controlling factors on GR. The application of principal component analysis further refines the multicollinearity of simulated recharge values with the spatial distribution of bio-geophysical factors. Vegetation cover, notably in intermediate tree cover areas, enhances GR. These regions exhibit lower evapotranspiration compared to densely forested areas, whereas both areas have a similar range of surface runoff and soil evaporation. The study represents a novel statistical application of simulated recharge values applicable to expansive regions characterized by limited available data. This research suggests that tree management and secondary plantation with groundwater-feeding species can augment groundwater resources.
{"title":"Interaction of climate and vegetation on the spatial distribution of rainfall-induced groundwater recharge in the Central Gangetic Plain","authors":"Anuradha Karunakalage ,&nbsp;Ravi Sharma ,&nbsp;Mohammad Taqi Daqiq ,&nbsp;Suresh Kannaujiya","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater Recharge (GR) is pivotal for sustainability, ensuring the renewability of groundwater. Artificial GR is a key strategy to counter water level decline, albeit constrained by cost and limited effective area. Natural GR controlling factors play a well-defined role and are more readily identifiable in arid and semi-arid regions, where fewer influencing factors are present. In contrast, in humid regions, identifying these recharge factors is more challenging due to high precipitation, extensive vegetation cover, and the presence of surface water bodies. This study focuses on the bio-geophysical aspects contributing to GR from seasonal precipitation in the central subtropical monsoon region of the Gangetic Plain, located in Uttar Pradesh, India. GR is complex, varying temporally and spatially, and challenging to quantify across large areas. In this study, the ’Water and Energy Transfer among Bare Soil, Vegetation, and Atmosphere (WetSpass)’ model was employed to estimate diffuse GR. Additionally, this study is the first to compare the simulated GR values from WetSpass with those from other global models without relying on the traditional verification process involving base flow. Simulated annual GR per square kilometer ranges from −3.5 mm/year/km<sup>2</sup> to 222 mm/year/km<sup>2</sup> for the period of 2005–2016, with substantial contributions observed during the summer recharge period. The state exhibits high evapotranspiration rates, largely driven by extensive agricultural land coverage. It comprehensively discusses the influence of bio-geophysical factors on GR modeling. Output and regression processes with climate, slope, soil type, and vegetation provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of natural controlling factors on GR. The application of principal component analysis further refines the multicollinearity of simulated recharge values with the spatial distribution of bio-geophysical factors. Vegetation cover, notably in intermediate tree cover areas, enhances GR. These regions exhibit lower evapotranspiration compared to densely forested areas, whereas both areas have a similar range of surface runoff and soil evaporation. The study represents a novel statistical application of simulated recharge values applicable to expansive regions characterized by limited available data. This research suggests that tree management and secondary plantation with groundwater-feeding species can augment groundwater resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"653 ","pages":"Article 132758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Reduction in the ratio of stemflow to rainfall during heavy rain in two Japanese cedar stands and the influence on rainfall partitioning” [J. Hydrol. 634 (2024) 131100]
IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132744
Shigeki Murakami
Plot areas to calculate stemflow in Figs. 8c and 9c were underestimated due to a tabulation error that resulted in overestimation of stemflow in both Figures. Stemflow was recalculated using correct plot areas, and Figs. 8c and 9c were corrected. Canopy interception in Figs. 8a and 9a was also recalculated, because stemflow is used to derive canopy interception. Figure captions in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and values in the text in Section 4.4 were modified reflecting above-mentioned correction. Missing measurement periods with the reasons were added, which should have been stated but was not.
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Reduction in the ratio of stemflow to rainfall during heavy rain in two Japanese cedar stands and the influence on rainfall partitioning” [J. Hydrol. 634 (2024) 131100]","authors":"Shigeki Murakami","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plot areas to calculate stemflow in <span><span>Figs. 8</span></span>c and <span><span>9</span></span>c were underestimated due to a tabulation error that resulted in overestimation of stemflow in both Figures. Stemflow was recalculated using correct plot areas, and <span><span>Figs. 8</span></span>c and <span><span>9</span></span>c were corrected. Canopy interception in <span><span>Figs. 8</span></span>a and <span><span>9</span></span>a was also recalculated, because stemflow is used to derive canopy interception. Figure captions in <span><span>Fig. 8</span></span>, <span><span>Fig. 9</span></span> and values in the text in Section 4.4 were modified reflecting above-mentioned correction. Missing measurement periods with the reasons were added, which should have been stated but was not.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 132744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Hydrology
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