Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Cover crop roots redesign the pore structure and organic matter composition to alter hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere","authors":"Renjie Ruan ,&nbsp;Wanyu Xie ,&nbsp;Zhongbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Paul Hallett ,&nbsp;Peng Xiong ,&nbsp;Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Xinhua Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crop roots can considerably alter soil pore structure and organic matter composition in the rhizosphere, yet how these root-induced variations, which depend on cover crop species, influence hydraulic properties in the rhizosphere under field conditions remains poorly quantified. We integrated X-ray computed tomography (CT), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and mini-infiltrometer to characterize rhizosphere pore structure, organic matter composition, and hydraulic properties of three cover crops’ tap roots (alfalfa, rapeseed, vetch) in a field Vertisol. The rapeseed exhibited enhanced rhizosphere macroporosity likely due to utilization of pre-existing macropores. Conversely, the alfalfa and vetch roots increased total carbon (C) content and potential wettability index (PWI) of the rhizosphere. All the cover crops reduced rhizopshere matrix density due to organic matter enrichment. The alfalfa and vetch rhizosphere developed significant water repellency, driving decreased sorptivity in rhizosphere. PWI-mediated water repellency explained most of the sorptivity variation, and matrix density-organic matter interactions additionally regulated rhizosphere sorptivity, independent of macroporosity. Our findings demonstrate distinct rhizosphere engineering strategies: the rapeseed facilitates rhizosphere-water sorptivity, accompanied with a high-macroporosity, low-matrix density, and minimal hydrophobicity rhizosphere; whereas the alfalfa and vetch suppress water sorptivity via organic matter controls on wettability, thereby slowing the rapid drying of the rhizosphere. Under field conditions, rhizosphere hydraulics are regulated by the combined effect of soil organic matter composition and matrix density, thereby revealing new patterns in plant-soil-water interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135018"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation restoration mitigates meteorological drought on the Loess Plateau","authors":"Wende Zheng ,&nbsp;Shangyu Shi ,&nbsp;Komelle Askari ,&nbsp;Fidel A. Roig ,&nbsp;Xuancheng Liu ,&nbsp;Wenzhao Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau (LP) has significantly increased regional evapotranspiration (ET), raising concerns about water security. However, the net impact on meteorological drought, which balances moisture supply (ET) and atmospheric demand (PET), has remained poorly quantified. To address this, we employed a counterfactual modelling framework for 2001–2022, using the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI) to compare a “Baseline” (actual greening) scenario against a “Fixed Vegetation” (no greening) scenario. A two-step attribution analysis was then used to quantify the contributions from vegetation structure, CO₂ physiology, vegetation physiology, and climate drivers. Results show that vegetation restoration was the primary driver of the 23.2 mm decade⁻¹ ET increase. Despite this, meteorological drought was substantially mitigated: the Baseline SEDI showed a wetting trend of 0.21 decade⁻¹, nearly double the 0.11 decade⁻¹ trend in the Fixed Vegetation scenario. This phenomenon can be explained by two mechanisms: (1) at the component level, vegetation’s contribution to ET (17.83 mm decade⁻¹) was almost twice its opposing contribution to PET (9.02 mm decade⁻¹), leading to a net reduction in the atmospheric water deficit; and (2) at the driver level, the wetting trend in SEDI (0.21 decade⁻¹) was mainly driven by favourable climate shifts (0.170 decade⁻¹, 81.4% of the net trend) and reinforced by vegetation structural changes (0.104 decade⁻¹, 49.5%), which together outweighed drying pressures from CO₂ physiological (−26.3%) and vegetation physiological (−4.7%) effects. These findings demonstrate that human-led ecological restoration, while increasing total water consumption, has successfully alleviated atmospheric drought. This provides critical scientific evidence for the climate-resilience benefits of the ’Grain for Green’ program and offers insights for sustainable water management in other water-limited regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135012"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High predictability potential of highly synchronized widespread floods in monsoon regions","authors":"Jianxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Wang ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Li ,&nbsp;Fenying Cai ,&nbsp;Josef Ludescher ,&nbsp;Jürgen Kurths ,&nbsp;Norbert Marwan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of widespread flood events and their prediction are topics of global concern. However, there is a noticeable absence of thorough investigations and analyses regarding the spatio-temporal characteristics, predictability of global widespread flood events, and the corresponding impact of climate indices. We bridge this gap by employing recurrence quantification analysis to evaluate the predictability potential of globally widespread flood events. We further examine how this potential correlates with highly synchronized widespread flood events in monsoon regions. Our results show that regions with high flood predictability potential (HFP) account for 20.09% of the world’s total land grid points. Specifically, 69.29% of the HFP grid points among them are located in eight monsoon regions. Highly synchronized and widespread flood events (HSEs) exhibit higher predictability potential in monsoon regions. We uncover that HSEs in the Australian–Maritime Continent Monsoon and Equatorial South America Monsoon regions are profoundly and intricately influenced by climate indices. Our findings establish a connection between the predictive capacity and the occurrence of widespread flood events, viewed through the lens of complex systems. This contributes a crucial reference point for understanding and forecasting future globally widespread flood events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135006"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recharge elevation, residence time and renewability of groundwater in the Upper Awash valley, Ethiopia: Applying environmental tracers in a highly populated volcanic basin","authors":"W. George Darling ,&nbsp;James P.R. Sorensen ,&nbsp;Tilahun Azagegn ,&nbsp;Behailu Birhanu ,&nbsp;Seifu Kebede ,&nbsp;Daren C. Gooddy ,&nbsp;Koos Groen ,&nbsp;Richard G. Taylor ,&nbsp;Alan M. MacDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.134989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.134989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Upper Awash Basin in Ethiopia, which contains the rapidly-expanding national capital Addis Ababa, is being increasingly impacted by groundwater abstraction, leading to falling water levels in many areas. Groundwater management is impaired by the lack of consensus over detailed (hydro)geological characterisation of the complex volcanic aquifers that underlie this high-relief basin. Here we use an empirical study based on environmental tracers (isotopes, trace gases and hydrochemistry) measured on 40 groundwater samples collected from a selection of borehole sites, to explore the hydrogeological functioning of the basin The stable isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ²H provide information on likely recharge elevations (1900–3500 m above sea level) and extent to which surface waters are contributing to recharge (45% of sites sampled). The trace gases CFCs and SF₆ show that proportions of modern water are generally &lt; 10%, but ¹⁴C indicates that the groundwater storage currently critical for buffering change is in most cases of the order of hundreds rather than thousands of years old, and therefore may be vulnerable to comparatively rapid modification. With little evidence for significant variation in hydrogeochemical changes with depth across individual wellfields, we conclude that recharge is usually derived locally, though indications of longer flow paths exist in some locations, principally around the town of Mojo. Hydrochemistry shows that inorganic groundwater quality remains good at present, despite the existence of some poor-quality surface waters. The methodology of this study could be applied in other high-relief basins reliant on groundwater, to characterise vulnerability to abstraction where a detailed geological model and long-term monitoring are absent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 134989"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of future landslide frequency and population impact in China based on machine learning model","authors":"Haoyu Jin ,&nbsp;Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuntang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Xia ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Moyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides are a common geological disaster, and due to their strong disaster-causing nature, they pose a serious threat to social and economic development. China is a mountainous country and landslide disasters occur frequently, so there is an urgent need to analyze their spatiotemporal variation patterns. In this study, six influencing factors were selected and their correlations with landslide frequency were analyzed. Multiple fitting models were then employed to simulate and predict landslide frequency. Ultimately, an analysis of the impact of landslide risks on the social-economic sphere was carried out. The results show that areas in China with higher landslide frequencies are mainly concentrated in Taiwan Province, the southeastern coast, and southwestern China. The correlation between landslides and slope length and slope steepness (LS) is the strongest, with an Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) of 0.64, and the correlation with air temperature is the weakest, with an SCC of −0.04. The model with the best fitting effect for landslides frequency is random forest (RF), the second is bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), and the worst effect is support vector machine (SVM). Under the near-term (2027–2050) and long-term (2076–2099) scenarios of shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 2–4.5 and SSP5-8.5, the frequency of landslides in more than 80% area of China is increasing. The areas where the frequency of landslides has increased obviously are mainly in southwest China. Landslides pose a greater risk to the population and gross domestic product (GDP) of Taiwan Province, the southeast coastal areas, and the central Sichuan Region. The landslides risk to the urban and agricultural lands of Shaanxi, Shandong, and Hunan Provinces is greater. About 90% of the regions in China will have an increased risk of landslides to the population under the two scenarios in near-term and long-term. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of landslide disasters and presents an effective model for landslide prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and characterizing errors in satellite and reanalysis precipitation estimates using a two-step decomposition procedure","authors":"Zhehui Shen, Mingze Ding, Ruochen Huang, Hao Wu, Bin Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive ebullition dominated the CH4 emission hotspots at the specific bubble region in the riverine zone from a seasonally ice-covered reservoir","authors":"Yiming Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Shiyu Nie ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Cho ,&nbsp;Kang Jin ,&nbsp;Ye Jin ,&nbsp;Shiguo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ebullition is the primary pathway for methane (CH₄) emissions from inland water ecosystems, such as lakes and reservoirs. However, accurate quantification of the process remains difficult because of significant spatiotemporal variability. In this study, spatial and temporal variations in dissolved CH₄ concentrations and CH₄ emission fluxes, including both diffusive and ebullitive fluxes, were investigated in a seasonally ice-covered reservoir. The results indicated that the dissolved CH₄ concentrations peaked in winter (5.13 ± 10.8 μmol·L⁻¹) across all sampling seasons, attributed to the blocking of CH₄ emission pathways by ice cover (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the highest diffusive and ebullitive CH₄ fluxes occurred in summer (2.13 ± 1.38 and 51.36 ± 10.67 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹, respectively), significantly exceeding those in other seasons. This was primarily due to elevated water temperature and nutrient availability. The diffusive CH₄ fluxes were primarily regulated by the water depth, with notably higher fluxes observed at the shallow riverine zone (1.82 ± 1.18 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹) than at the lacustrine zone (0.11 ± 0.08 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹). Increased dissolved CH₄ concentrations were closely associated with high water temperatures and abundant nutrients. Ebullitive flux is synergistically controlled by the total organic carbon (TOC) content of sediments and the hydrostatic pressure caused by water depth. The riverine zone was further divided into bubble and non-bubble regions based on the status of ice-trapped bubbles. This study revealed that the riverine zone served as a hotspot for ebullitive CH₄ emissions in the reservoir, with the most intensive emissions occurring in the bubble region. The CH₄ ebullition at the bubble region accounted for 84.1 ± 7.9% of total emissions, representing the primary contributor to the spatial heterogeneity of CH₄ emissions in the reservoir. Strong correlations were found between sediment TOC, dissolved CH₄ concentrations in porewater, and ebullitive fluxes near the bottom layer, suggesting that these factors were the key drivers of intense CH₄ ebullition in the bubble zone. These findings indicate that the characteristics of ice-trapped bubbles can be an effective indicator for identifying CH₄ emission hotspots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135010"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discrete fractal set (DFS) method for high–accuracy reconstruction and nonlinear flow simulation in rough rock fractures","authors":"Jinjie Liu,&nbsp;Long Xu,&nbsp;Fusheng Zha,&nbsp;Shan Wu,&nbsp;Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding fluid flow through rough rock fractures is essential in numerous geoscientific and engineering applications. Surface roughness introduces enhanced viscous dissipation and inertial effects, thereby amplifying nonlinear flow behavior. Accurate reconstruction of rough fracture geometries, followed by their integration into nonlinear flow models, is crucial for capturing these effects with higher accuracy. This study presents a Discrete Fractal Set (DFS) method for reconstructing rough fracture surfaces and evaluating their influence on nonlinear flow. The approach segments rough profiles into Basic Rough Cells (BRCs), which are then grouped into ordered segments based on a peak ratio criterion. The Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (W–M) function is subsequently applied to each segment for localized fractal refinement. Sensitivity analysis reveals that a peak ratio threshold of 1.0 achieves an optimal balance between reconstruction accuracy and robustness. The DFS method, validated against standard JRC profiles and natural fracture surfaces, outperforms the conventional W–M approach in reconstruction quality, achieving MSE values consistently below 0.11 compared with values often exceeding 0.7 for the W–M equation. To characterize flow behavior, the generated aperture and hydraulic aperture fields are incorporated into the Forchheimer equation, yielding the DFS–Forchheimer equation. Comparative validation against both experimental and numerical results demonstrates that the proposed model improves outlet flow rate prediction accuracy by approximately 4.15% and reduces prediction variability, confirming its enhanced reliability in nonlinear flow simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135001"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of changing recharge on a sole-source coastal aquifer: multi-model assessment for Virginia’s Eastern Shore","authors":"Farshad Hesamfar ,&nbsp;Sergio A. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Thanh-Nhan-Duc Tran ,&nbsp;Teresa Culver ,&nbsp;Lawrence Band ,&nbsp;Venkataraman Lakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal aquifers face compound pressures from shifting meteorological patterns and sea-level rise (SLR), posing a direct threat to groundwater resources. We estimate future climate-driven recharge by forcing SWAT with downscaled, bias-corrected CMIP6 climate projections from four General Circulation Models (MIROC6, BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, and MRI-ESM2-0) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. These recharge rates, in addition to local SLR, are input into SEAWAT, a variable-density groundwater flow and solute-transport model. Simulations then project changes in the coastal aquifer system over the Eastern Shore of Virginia (ESVA), quantifying groundwater availability and salinity risk from 2023 to 2080. Our findings are: (1) by 2080, the driest scenario (BCC-CSM2-MR; SSP2-4.5) reduces inland surficial groundwater heads by more than one meter and decreases freshwater volume by approximately 100 million m³ (−2.5%), an amount equivalent to 4.8 yrs of the current total water demand on ESVA. (2) The wettest scenario (CanESM5; SSP2-4.5) increases groundwater heads up to 1.9 m and expands freshwater volume by +2.7%, corresponding to 17 yrs of residential water supply. (3) While the equal-weight ensemble median head change remains small (|median Δh| ≲ 5 cm), the inter-model variability in freshwater storage, measured by the interquartile range (IQR), increases from ∼25 MCM in 2030 to ∼46 MCM in 2060, indicating growing uncertainty. (4) Groundwater head variation peaks along the central upland ridge (&gt;2 m) but drops below 0.25 m on barrier islands, where sea-level rise dominates. (5) High-emission scenarios show greater groundwater variability before 2060 but converge afterward, while intermediate scenarios show the opposite trend. These findings indicate the need for developing adaptive, climate-resilient groundwater management strategies to enhance water security and mitigate saltwater intrusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 135003"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust discharge prediction of seasonal snow-influenced karst systems through hybridization of process-based and data-driven models","authors":"C. Sezen ,&nbsp;N. Ravbar ,&nbsp;A. Hartmann ,&nbsp;Z. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrological modeling of karst systems is difficult due to their unique recharge, drainage and discharge behavior, which is often highly dynamic and nonlinear. It becomes even more challenging for elevated karst catchments, where the recharge process is additionally influenced by snow accumulation and melting. In this study, an innovative modelling approach was developed that hybridizing a process-based model and a data-driven model for the karst systems influenced by seasonal snow cover and its application was tested to a large, complex karst system in the Unica River catchment in Slovenia. For this purpose, the process-based model Génie Rural à 6 paramètres Journalier, including the CemaNeige snow routine (CemaNeige GR6J), was hybridized with the Stacked Autoencoder Deep Neural Networks (SAE-DNN). A 60-year period of catchment discharge observations, from 1962 to 2021, was used for model development, testing and evaluation. The performance of the stand-alone models, CemaNeige GR6J and SAE-DNN, as well as the hybrid model CemaNeige GR6J-SAE-DNN, was systematically compared. The results show that the hybrid model clearly outperforms both stand-alone models, especially during the extreme flow conditions. Additionally, the hybrid model performs better for more recent modelling periods than for longer ones. This is due to changes in climate conditions in historical datasets, which the hybrid model is limited to capture. Overall, the proposed hybrid modeling approach offers an innovative way to robustly predict the daily discharge behavior of karst systems influenced by seasonal snow cover, especially during extreme flow conditions, and could be applied to other karst systems with similar complexity and characteristics to support robust decision making in karst water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 135002"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}