The Late Assyrian tablet LKA 76 (VAT 13839) from Assur is inscribed with two bilingual Sumerian-Akkadian texts, possibly incantations for rituals, that are concerned with prominent cities in southern Mesopotamia. The obverse is inscribed with a unique composition in which entities calling themselves the “Sons of Nippur” declare their affiliation with the city of Nippur and its deities. The composition inscribed on the reverse, known to have been incorporated into the apotropaic series bīt mēseri, consists of anecdotes in the lives of four apkallu-sages of human descent. The two compositions bridge the purported origins of Mesopotamian scholarly wisdom in the divine realm with its contemporary utilization among ritual experts.
{"title":"The Sages and the Sons of Nippur: An Edition of LKA 76 (VAT 13839) From Assur","authors":"Z. Rubin","doi":"10.1086/719864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719864","url":null,"abstract":"The Late Assyrian tablet LKA 76 (VAT 13839) from Assur is inscribed with two bilingual Sumerian-Akkadian texts, possibly incantations for rituals, that are concerned with prominent cities in southern Mesopotamia. The obverse is inscribed with a unique composition in which entities calling themselves the “Sons of Nippur” declare their affiliation with the city of Nippur and its deities. The composition inscribed on the reverse, known to have been incorporated into the apotropaic series bīt mēseri, consists of anecdotes in the lives of four apkallu-sages of human descent. The two compositions bridge the purported origins of Mesopotamian scholarly wisdom in the divine realm with its contemporary utilization among ritual experts.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"63 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45796910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper relates how in 1975 the writer initiated a project to classify the scholarly tablets of the Kouyunjik Collection by their colophons, which led to the discovery and publication of additional fragments of the collection.
{"title":"The 1975 Kouyunjik Colophon Project and its Consequences for the Collection","authors":"J. Reade","doi":"10.1086/719979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719979","url":null,"abstract":"This paper relates how in 1975 the writer initiated a project to classify the scholarly tablets of the Kouyunjik Collection by their colophons, which led to the discovery and publication of additional fragments of the collection.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"131 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60726448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the recent debate on the dating of the Broken Obelisk, which is commonly believed to have been composed in the reign of Aššur-bēl-kala, the present article provides a comprehensive review of the issues pertinent to the dating of this Assyrian inscription, as well as related topics such as the date of the Assyrian calendar reform and the Giricano archive. The results reveal that the Broken Obelisk should be attributed to Tiglath-pileser I rather than Aššur-bēl-kala. The Assyrian calendar reform occurred probably sometime between the thirty-first year (possibly the thirty-third year) to the thirty-sixth year of the reign of Tiglath-pileser I. The Broken Obelisk was composed sometime in the fourth decade of Tiglath-pileser’s reign after this calendar reform, representing the latest version of his annals known to date. The Giricano archive also dates from late in his reign. Many of the events that have been dated to the early years of Aššur-bēl-kala’s reign, such as the payment of tribute to Assyria by an Egyptian king, took place during the reign of Tiglath-pileser I.
{"title":"The Assyrian King of the Broken Obelisk, the Date of the Archive from Giricano, and the Timing of the Assyrian Calendar Reform","authors":"D. Shibata","doi":"10.1086/719866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719866","url":null,"abstract":"Following the recent debate on the dating of the Broken Obelisk, which is commonly believed to have been composed in the reign of Aššur-bēl-kala, the present article provides a comprehensive review of the issues pertinent to the dating of this Assyrian inscription, as well as related topics such as the date of the Assyrian calendar reform and the Giricano archive. The results reveal that the Broken Obelisk should be attributed to Tiglath-pileser I rather than Aššur-bēl-kala. The Assyrian calendar reform occurred probably sometime between the thirty-first year (possibly the thirty-third year) to the thirty-sixth year of the reign of Tiglath-pileser I. The Broken Obelisk was composed sometime in the fourth decade of Tiglath-pileser’s reign after this calendar reform, representing the latest version of his annals known to date. The Giricano archive also dates from late in his reign. Many of the events that have been dated to the early years of Aššur-bēl-kala’s reign, such as the payment of tribute to Assyria by an Egyptian king, took place during the reign of Tiglath-pileser I.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"82 6","pages":"109 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannelore Agnethler, Ekaterine Gogokhia, Enrique Jiménez, Alessia Pilloni, Albert Setälä
The article contains the first edition of a hymn to Nabû probably from Neo-Babylonian or Achaemenid Borsippa. The text, written in a fixed ABA′B structure, extols Nabû by attributing to him some feats traditionally ascribed to other gods, such as killing Anzû or defeating the Sea. Nabû is presented as the highest of all gods, which gives occasion to discuss the so-called “Exaltation of Nabû” in other first-millennium texts.
{"title":"Eine Spätbabylonische Synkretistische Hymne an Nabû","authors":"Hannelore Agnethler, Ekaterine Gogokhia, Enrique Jiménez, Alessia Pilloni, Albert Setälä","doi":"10.1086/719980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719980","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the first edition of a hymn to Nabû probably from Neo-Babylonian or Achaemenid Borsippa. The text, written in a fixed ABA′B structure, extols Nabû by attributing to him some feats traditionally ascribed to other gods, such as killing Anzû or defeating the Sea. Nabû is presented as the highest of all gods, which gives occasion to discuss the so-called “Exaltation of Nabû” in other first-millennium texts.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"205 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43338052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di 1353 is a letter by King Ammi-ditana of Babylon to the chief lamentation priest of Annunītum. It contains a simple instruction to provide fodder for the oxen and the sheep of a temple storehouse, the nakkamtum. One wonders though what this direct intervention meant on a pragmatic level. The king does not explain himself. But this question can be approached from different angles. What do we know so far about the relation between the palace and the nakkamtum? Does this letter fit into a pattern of royal letter writing? Can we benefit from the fact that we have an archival context for this letter?
{"title":"By Order of the King: Ammi-Ditana’s Letter on the Provision of Fodder Barley for the Sheep and Oxen of the Nakkamtum","authors":"Caroline Janssen","doi":"10.1086/716094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716094","url":null,"abstract":"Di 1353 is a letter by King Ammi-ditana of Babylon to the chief lamentation priest of Annunītum. It contains a simple instruction to provide fodder for the oxen and the sheep of a temple storehouse, the nakkamtum. One wonders though what this direct intervention meant on a pragmatic level. The king does not explain himself. But this question can be approached from different angles. What do we know so far about the relation between the palace and the nakkamtum? Does this letter fit into a pattern of royal letter writing? Can we benefit from the fact that we have an archival context for this letter?","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"71 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An unusual tablet from the Hilprecht-Sammlung in Jena describes the biblu, “bridewealth,” paid for a girl at her betrothal. Paleographic features and onomastic arguments suggest that the text may be dated to the late Sealand I period, with similarities to documents from the reigns of the Kings Pešgaldarameš and Ayadaragalama. A first edition is offered together with a brief introduction detailing its legal context and historical setting.
{"title":"HS 200B: A Bridal Gift (Tuppu Bibli) from the First Sealand Dynasty","authors":"J. D. de Ridder","doi":"10.1086/714655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714655","url":null,"abstract":"An unusual tablet from the Hilprecht-Sammlung in Jena describes the biblu, “bridewealth,” paid for a girl at her betrothal. Paleographic features and onomastic arguments suggest that the text may be dated to the late Sealand I period, with similarities to documents from the reigns of the Kings Pešgaldarameš and Ayadaragalama. A first edition is offered together with a brief introduction detailing its legal context and historical setting.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"89 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although they describe Bronze Age technologies and techniques, the Akkadian glassmaking texts are primarily known through later copies from Ashurbanipal’s libraries. The first portion of this paper provides editions of three fragments of previously unknown glass texts from the Middle Assyrian period and examines how and why they came to be written down. The second portion discusses metaphors concerning kinship and bodily experience that explain the relationship between the glassmaker in Mesopotamia, his tools, and his creative process. It is argued here that only by embracing the entire context of the craft process—this includes the behaviors chosen during manufacture as well as the allusions made to social relationships through language, performance, and materials—can we begin to appreciate how knowledge about technologies was transmitted.
{"title":"Keeping Alive Dead Knowledge: Middle Assyrian Glass Recipes in the Yale Babylonian Collection","authors":"Shiyanthi Thavapalan","doi":"10.1086/714658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714658","url":null,"abstract":"Although they describe Bronze Age technologies and techniques, the Akkadian glassmaking texts are primarily known through later copies from Ashurbanipal’s libraries. The first portion of this paper provides editions of three fragments of previously unknown glass texts from the Middle Assyrian period and examines how and why they came to be written down. The second portion discusses metaphors concerning kinship and bodily experience that explain the relationship between the glassmaker in Mesopotamia, his tools, and his creative process. It is argued here that only by embracing the entire context of the craft process—this includes the behaviors chosen during manufacture as well as the allusions made to social relationships through language, performance, and materials—can we begin to appreciate how knowledge about technologies was transmitted.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"135 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/714658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44308306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents editions of all known texts belonging to the archive of the Sipparean prebendary Marduk-bēlšunu, son of Nabû-balāssu-iqbi, that is, the Balīḫû archive. It is the second part of a series of articles that aims to make available the so-called satellite archives of the Ṣāḫiṭ-ginê A archive (“Marduk-rēmanni archive”) and related and unrelated smaller archives from Sippar, all dating to the long sixth century BCE.
{"title":"Minor Archives from First-Millennium BCE Babylonia, Part II: The Balīḫû Archive","authors":"Ludovica Cecilia, Johannes Hackl","doi":"10.1086/715860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/715860","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents editions of all known texts belonging to the archive of the Sipparean prebendary Marduk-bēlšunu, son of Nabû-balāssu-iqbi, that is, the Balīḫû archive. It is the second part of a series of articles that aims to make available the so-called satellite archives of the Ṣāḫiṭ-ginê A archive (“Marduk-rēmanni archive”) and related and unrelated smaller archives from Sippar, all dating to the long sixth century BCE.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"211 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/715860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44255351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After entering the second millennium BCE as a military superpower, Elam faded into historical obscurity upon its withdrawal from the broader Near Eastern political scene in 1763 BCE and only reemerged much later as a major player with a sequence of incursions in Mesopotamia beginning in the thirteenth century and culminating in the 1155 BCE fall of the Kassites. During the intervening centuries, neither written nor archaeological sources offer clear signs that Elamite territory had come under the authority of any foreign power. Here the authors propose that a reexamination of evidence from the ancient settlement of Kabnak (modern Haft Tepe), approximately seventeen kilometers southeast of the Elamite lowland capital of Susa, discloses a mid-fifteenth to mid-fourteenth century BCE state-controlled arsenal of war chariots and weaponry that may hold a key to comprehending Elam’s apparent continued resistance to outside forces and its rise as a military superpower in the thirteenth century.
{"title":"Elamite War Chariots and Military Equipment At Ancient Kabnak (ca. 1400 bce)","authors":"Javier Álvarez-Mon, Yasmina Wicks","doi":"10.1086/714657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714657","url":null,"abstract":"After entering the second millennium BCE as a military superpower, Elam faded into historical obscurity upon its withdrawal from the broader Near Eastern political scene in 1763 BCE and only reemerged much later as a major player with a sequence of incursions in Mesopotamia beginning in the thirteenth century and culminating in the 1155 BCE fall of the Kassites. During the intervening centuries, neither written nor archaeological sources offer clear signs that Elamite territory had come under the authority of any foreign power. Here the authors propose that a reexamination of evidence from the ancient settlement of Kabnak (modern Haft Tepe), approximately seventeen kilometers southeast of the Elamite lowland capital of Susa, discloses a mid-fifteenth to mid-fourteenth century BCE state-controlled arsenal of war chariots and weaponry that may hold a key to comprehending Elam’s apparent continued resistance to outside forces and its rise as a military superpower in the thirteenth century.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"121 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48477553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2014 season of excavations at the Ayanis Fortress of the Urartian Kingdom, located on the eastern shore of Lake Van, revealed a trash layer on the northern slope of the fortress that contained densely packed animal bone remains as well as several inscribed bullae. During the excavations carried out in the same area in 2015 four more inscribed bullae were recovered in the northern fortification wall. This article provides information on the 2015 excavations of the outer side of the northern fortifications and trash layer at Ayanis, with a first edition of the new bullae. These short inscriptions mention the names of people, cities, countries, and professions, as is common in such Urartian bullae. The inscription on a newly discovered bulla mentioning a construction named tamali is important as it informs us about a new building unit whose function is unknown at present.
{"title":"Inscribed Bullae Found during Excavations on the Northern Slope of Ayanis Fortress in 2015 and a New Urartian Building Name, ÉTamali","authors":"Kenan Iṣik, Oğuz Aras, Ayşegül Akın Aras","doi":"10.1086/714659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714659","url":null,"abstract":"The 2014 season of excavations at the Ayanis Fortress of the Urartian Kingdom, located on the eastern shore of Lake Van, revealed a trash layer on the northern slope of the fortress that contained densely packed animal bone remains as well as several inscribed bullae. During the excavations carried out in the same area in 2015 four more inscribed bullae were recovered in the northern fortification wall. This article provides information on the 2015 excavations of the outer side of the northern fortifications and trash layer at Ayanis, with a first edition of the new bullae. These short inscriptions mention the names of people, cities, countries, and professions, as is common in such Urartian bullae. The inscription on a newly discovered bulla mentioning a construction named tamali is important as it informs us about a new building unit whose function is unknown at present.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"179 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41746029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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