This paper offers an editio princeps of HS 1898, a Kassite exercise tablet containing an extract with ten liver omens followed by numeric tallies with the 10u-sign. The omens duplicate the fragmentary obverse of a Neo-Babylonian nīru-compendium, the reverse of which in turn replicated omens known from the fifteenth tablet of the bārûtu-series Pān tākalti and the unedited fragment from Nineveh. The student used complicated lexical and graphical variations in writing the technical term nīru, “the Yoke.”
{"title":"A Kassite Exercise Tablet with Omens Concerning the “Yoke” of the Liver","authors":"N. P. Heessel, Elyze Zomer","doi":"10.1086/725408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers an editio princeps of HS 1898, a Kassite exercise tablet containing an extract with ten liver omens followed by numeric tallies with the 10u-sign. The omens duplicate the fragmentary obverse of a Neo-Babylonian nīru-compendium, the reverse of which in turn replicated omens known from the fifteenth tablet of the bārûtu-series Pān tākalti and the unedited fragment from Nineveh. The student used complicated lexical and graphical variations in writing the technical term nīru, “the Yoke.”","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Šimâ milka is a wisdom composition known from Late Bronze Age sources found at Hattusa, Emar, and Ugarit. Many studies have been dedicated to this composition, but the fragmentary nature of sources prevented the understanding of several passages, and large portions of the text remain unpreserved or incomplete. The present article attempts a new reconstruction of the third column of the Emar manuscript by placing two fragments at the end of the column, rather than in the middle as in previous editions. This placement results in the restoration of the same line order in the Emar, Ugarit, and Hattusa manuscripts.
{"title":"The Third Column of Šimâ Milka: A New Attempt","authors":"M. Viano","doi":"10.1086/725219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725219","url":null,"abstract":"Šimâ milka is a wisdom composition known from Late Bronze Age sources found at Hattusa, Emar, and Ugarit. Many studies have been dedicated to this composition, but the fragmentary nature of sources prevented the understanding of several passages, and large portions of the text remain unpreserved or incomplete. The present article attempts a new reconstruction of the third column of the Emar manuscript by placing two fragments at the end of the column, rather than in the middle as in previous editions. This placement results in the restoration of the same line order in the Emar, Ugarit, and Hattusa manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":"75 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48313460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article collects the new information recently made available concerning the town of Malgum and provides a synthesis of its political history, with a focus on the Old Babylonian period when it was the seat of a small kingdom between ca. 2025 and 1761 BCE. It was eventually conquered by Hammurabi of Babylon in 1761 BCE and large parts of its population were deported. We can trace the whereabouts of these deportees for another ca. forty years in the military province of Lower Yaḫrūrum. In the subsequent Middle Babylonian period, Malgu was the name of a province, but after this time the site appears to have been abandoned, only used much later as a cemetery in Parthian and Sassanian times.
{"title":"Malgum, A Synthesis","authors":"R. de Boer","doi":"10.1086/725194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725194","url":null,"abstract":"This article collects the new information recently made available concerning the town of Malgum and provides a synthesis of its political history, with a focus on the Old Babylonian period when it was the seat of a small kingdom between ca. 2025 and 1761 BCE. It was eventually conquered by Hammurabi of Babylon in 1761 BCE and large parts of its population were deported. We can trace the whereabouts of these deportees for another ca. forty years in the military province of Lower Yaḫrūrum. In the subsequent Middle Babylonian period, Malgu was the name of a province, but after this time the site appears to have been abandoned, only used much later as a cemetery in Parthian and Sassanian times.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":"13 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44413339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building on the first edition by Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman (2017), this article provides a fresh look at the Old Babylonian Sumerian literary text commonly referred to as Eduba R, with translation and commentary. In this composition a pupil describes in some detail how a regular day at the scribal school evolves. The text employs many unusual words and phrases and quite a few passages still remain unclear. Some of the unplaced fragments, edited separately by Gadotti and Kleinerman in their edition, may now be placed securely in the reconstructed text.
{"title":"Eduba R: The Customs of the Eduba","authors":"N. Veldhuis","doi":"10.1086/719860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719860","url":null,"abstract":"Building on the first edition by Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman (2017), this article provides a fresh look at the Old Babylonian Sumerian literary text commonly referred to as Eduba R, with translation and commentary. In this composition a pupil describes in some detail how a regular day at the scribal school evolves. The text employs many unusual words and phrases and quite a few passages still remain unclear. Some of the unplaced fragments, edited separately by Gadotti and Kleinerman in their edition, may now be placed securely in the reconstructed text.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"3 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43450740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a study of the place of dream interpretation in key Mesopotamian texts, principally in the Sumerian Cylinders of Gudea, Curse of Agade, Dumuzi’s Dream, and the Akkadian Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. In these texts, when the protagonist receives prophetic dreams, he then seeks out a dream-interpreter, usually a woman related to or close to the dreamer. Within the Epic of Gilgamesh, this position is also filled by Enkidu, who interprets Gilgamesh’s dreams as well as his own. Enkidu’s interpretation of his own dream is unusual but not unique, as Narām-Sîn showcases a similar ability in the Curse of Agade. This discussion is set alongside a consideration of the female dream interpreter (munusensi or šāʾiltu) as attested outside of the literary sphere. Though attestations to the female dream interpreter are limited, they still far outnumber any references to the women within more technical divinatory contexts, such as the proposed female equivalent to the diviner (bārû), the bārītu.
{"title":"Women and the Interpretation of Dreams In Sumerian and Akkadian Literature","authors":"Gina Konstantopoulos","doi":"10.1086/719863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719863","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a study of the place of dream interpretation in key Mesopotamian texts, principally in the Sumerian Cylinders of Gudea, Curse of Agade, Dumuzi’s Dream, and the Akkadian Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. In these texts, when the protagonist receives prophetic dreams, he then seeks out a dream-interpreter, usually a woman related to or close to the dreamer. Within the Epic of Gilgamesh, this position is also filled by Enkidu, who interprets Gilgamesh’s dreams as well as his own. Enkidu’s interpretation of his own dream is unusual but not unique, as Narām-Sîn showcases a similar ability in the Curse of Agade. This discussion is set alongside a consideration of the female dream interpreter (munusensi or šāʾiltu) as attested outside of the literary sphere. Though attestations to the female dream interpreter are limited, they still far outnumber any references to the women within more technical divinatory contexts, such as the proposed female equivalent to the diviner (bārû), the bārītu.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"89 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The archives discovered in the palaces of Syria and upper Mesopotamia, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, show that many women worked in these buildings. This article brings together data from the sites of Mari (Tell Hariri), Qaṭṭarā (Tell Rimah), Ašnakkum (Chagar Bazar), Tuttul (Tell Bi’a), and Alalah (Tell Açana) to compile an inventory of the female occupations that were carried out there. The fields represented are housekeeping, kitchen work (including food accounting), gatekeeping, and childcare. Except for nannies, most of these occupations have a male counterpart. Among the different types of sources, the ration lists provide a hierarchy of occupations and within occupations.
{"title":"Les Métiers Féminins Dans Les Palais et Grands Domaines De Syrie et Haute-Mésopotamie au Début Du IIE Millénaire av. J.-C.","authors":"B. Lion","doi":"10.1086/719861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719861","url":null,"abstract":"The archives discovered in the palaces of Syria and upper Mesopotamia, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, show that many women worked in these buildings. This article brings together data from the sites of Mari (Tell Hariri), Qaṭṭarā (Tell Rimah), Ašnakkum (Chagar Bazar), Tuttul (Tell Bi’a), and Alalah (Tell Açana) to compile an inventory of the female occupations that were carried out there. The fields represented are housekeeping, kitchen work (including food accounting), gatekeeping, and childcare. Except for nannies, most of these occupations have a male counterpart. Among the different types of sources, the ration lists provide a hierarchy of occupations and within occupations.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45045098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present contribution is the editio princeps of six large, single-column tablets, found in the N1 administrative archive of Babylon and presently located in the İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri. They document substantial barley and emmer wheat deliveries to the Babylonian capital in the tenth and twentieth years of Nebuchadnezzar II’s reign and reveal an efficient administrative apparatus with a multitude of palace officials, scribes, accountants, and measurers.
{"title":"Grain Deliveries to the Royal Palace in Babylon during the Reign of Nebuchadnezzar II","authors":"G. V. Buylaere","doi":"10.1086/719867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719867","url":null,"abstract":"The present contribution is the editio princeps of six large, single-column tablets, found in the N1 administrative archive of Babylon and presently located in the İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri. They document substantial barley and emmer wheat deliveries to the Babylonian capital in the tenth and twentieth years of Nebuchadnezzar II’s reign and reveal an efficient administrative apparatus with a multitude of palace officials, scribes, accountants, and measurers.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"139 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42894820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Hittite, various verbs with a stem šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- have been identified. These include the verb šakuu̯ai- “to see,” as well as three verbs of which the meaning is less evident: one (CHD šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- A) referring to a type of penalty, one (CHD šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- B) which is usually taken to mean “to moisten (?)” or “to soak(?),” and one (CHD šakuu̯ai- D) of which the meaning is unknown. In this article, it will be argued that the verbs šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- A and B are actually one and the same verb with the meaning “to plant,” “to stab,” or “to impale.” This new interpretation not only elucidates some thus far opaque attestations of the verb šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai-, but also improves our understanding of Hittite corporal punishments.
{"title":"Crime and Punishment in Hittite Anatolia: A New Interpretation of the Verb Šaku(u̯a)-/Šakuu̯ai- (with an etymological contribution by Alwin Kloekhorst)","authors":"W. Waal","doi":"10.1086/719865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719865","url":null,"abstract":"In Hittite, various verbs with a stem šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- have been identified. These include the verb šakuu̯ai- “to see,” as well as three verbs of which the meaning is less evident: one (CHD šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- A) referring to a type of penalty, one (CHD šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- B) which is usually taken to mean “to moisten (?)” or “to soak(?),” and one (CHD šakuu̯ai- D) of which the meaning is unknown. In this article, it will be argued that the verbs šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai- A and B are actually one and the same verb with the meaning “to plant,” “to stab,” or “to impale.” This new interpretation not only elucidates some thus far opaque attestations of the verb šaku(u̯a)-/šakuu̯ai-, but also improves our understanding of Hittite corporal punishments.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"75 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article consists of an edition of the unique, hitherto unpublished balag MAH 16066. Three “narrative” kirugu sections originally totaling 70 lines are followed by an originally 110-line litany that, as shown in a synoptic table, is parallel at several points to at least nine other Old Babylonian second millennium BCE liturgical texts. The composition appears to be associated with a concrete ceremony. As interesting as the core text is the closing line, found also in other balags, with its benediction built on the construction šùd(u)-bi … gi4-gi4 to invoke the blessing deities named in the litany.
这篇文章由一个独特的版本，迄今未发表的balag MAH 16066。三个“叙述性”基律古部分最初总共有70行，之后是一个最初110行的祷文，如一个大纲表所示，在几个点上与至少九个其他古巴比伦公元前第二个千年的礼拜文本平行。这幅作品似乎与一个具体的仪式有关。与核心文本一样有趣的是结尾处，也在其他巴拉格中发现，它的祝福建立在šùd(u)-bi…gi4-gi4的结构上，以调用祷文中命名的祝福神。
{"title":"Un Balag Du Dieu Soleil Utu (MAH 16066)","authors":"Antoine Cavigneaux","doi":"10.1086/719862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719862","url":null,"abstract":"This article consists of an edition of the unique, hitherto unpublished balag MAH 16066. Three “narrative” kirugu sections originally totaling 70 lines are followed by an originally 110-line litany that, as shown in a synoptic table, is parallel at several points to at least nine other Old Babylonian second millennium BCE liturgical texts. The composition appears to be associated with a concrete ceremony. As interesting as the core text is the closing line, found also in other balags, with its benediction built on the construction šùd(u)-bi … gi4-gi4 to invoke the blessing deities named in the litany.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"35 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution provides editions of all known texts belonging to the archive of the Rēˀi-sisê family from Sippar. It further includes a discussion of the (relatively modest scale) business profile of its main protagonist, Šamaš-iddin/Niqūdu//Rēˀi-sisê, who was active during the second half of the sixth century BCE (546/530–518 BCE). The present study is the third installation of a larger collaborative effort to make available the Minor Archives from First Millennium BCE Babylonia, the results of which are to be published in volumes of this journal. A companion volume containing copies of all tablets published in this series as well as a comprehensive prosopography is in preparation for the Journal of Cuneiform Studies Supplemental Series.
{"title":"Minor Archives from First-Millennium BCE Babylonia: The Rēˀi-sisê Archive from Sippar (The Archive of Šamaš-Iddin Son of Niqūdu Descendant of Rēˀi-sisê)","authors":"Y. Levavi","doi":"10.1086/719868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719868","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution provides editions of all known texts belonging to the archive of the Rēˀi-sisê family from Sippar. It further includes a discussion of the (relatively modest scale) business profile of its main protagonist, Šamaš-iddin/Niqūdu//Rēˀi-sisê, who was active during the second half of the sixth century BCE (546/530–518 BCE). The present study is the third installation of a larger collaborative effort to make available the Minor Archives from First Millennium BCE Babylonia, the results of which are to be published in volumes of this journal. A companion volume containing copies of all tablets published in this series as well as a comprehensive prosopography is in preparation for the Journal of Cuneiform Studies Supplemental Series.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"185 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46324235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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