There are four complete or almost complete unprovenanced bricks and twenty-one brick fragments from the site of Toll-e Bard-e Karegar in Khuzestan belonging to the only Elamite inscription mentioning the god Kamul. All of them represent exemplars of the one and the same text (ShuN I 9), written in the name of the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte I (ca. 1190–1155 BCE). The text describes a temple that the king had rebuilt and dedicated to the god Kamul. In this article, a new reading and translation of the last sentence of the text that is divided into four sections and compared with parallels in Old and Middle-Elamite texts, is suggested. In addition, the brick fragments TBK 16 and 28 are reread and classified and TBK 89, 114, 122, and 127 are published.
胡齐斯坦Toll-e Bard-e Karegar遗址有四块完整或几乎完整的未经维护的砖和二十一块砖碎片，属于唯一一块提到神Kamul的Elamite铭文。所有这些都代表了同一文本（ShuN I 9）的典范，该文本是以埃兰国王Shutruk Nahunte一世（约公元前1190年至1155年）的名义写成的。文中描述了国王重建并献给卡穆尔神的一座寺庙。本文建议对正文的最后一句进行新的阅读和翻译，将其分为四个部分，并与古埃兰语和中埃兰语文本中的相似部分进行比较。此外，砖块碎片TBK 16和28被重读并分类，TBK 89、114、122和127被出版。
{"title":"A New Reading of the Middle Elamite Text Shun I 9","authors":"Jalil Bakhtiari","doi":"10.1086/714656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714656","url":null,"abstract":"There are four complete or almost complete unprovenanced bricks and twenty-one brick fragments from the site of Toll-e Bard-e Karegar in Khuzestan belonging to the only Elamite inscription mentioning the god Kamul. All of them represent exemplars of the one and the same text (ShuN I 9), written in the name of the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte I (ca. 1190–1155 BCE). The text describes a temple that the king had rebuilt and dedicated to the god Kamul. In this article, a new reading and translation of the last sentence of the text that is divided into four sections and compared with parallels in Old and Middle-Elamite texts, is suggested. In addition, the brick fragments TBK 16 and 28 are reread and classified and TBK 89, 114, 122, and 127 are published.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"103 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46939925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contains editions of three previously unpublished omen texts and one commentary text from the collections of the British Museum. BM 36165 and BM 34999 are Late Babylonian manuscripts of Šumma ālu tablet 1 while K 6260 is a join to Šumma izbu tablet 4. BM 47684+ is part of a large Late Babylonian four-column tablet containing a new commentary on physiognomic omens. The edition of these tablets is accompanied by an extensive commentary that discusses the placement of the tablets within the divinatory series, as well as orthographic and interpretative issues.
{"title":"Ancient Mesopotamian Divinatory Series from the British Museum: New Texts and Joins","authors":"Nicla De Zorzi","doi":"10.1086/714660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714660","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains editions of three previously unpublished omen texts and one commentary text from the collections of the British Museum. BM 36165 and BM 34999 are Late Babylonian manuscripts of Šumma ālu tablet 1 while K 6260 is a join to Šumma izbu tablet 4. BM 47684+ is part of a large Late Babylonian four-column tablet containing a new commentary on physiognomic omens. The edition of these tablets is accompanied by an extensive commentary that discusses the placement of the tablets within the divinatory series, as well as orthographic and interpretative issues.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"193 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41829354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper derives from the study of confiscated texts in the Iraq Museum. Here we publish an Umma tablet with the accession number IM 205090, a square school text with three columns on one side and a single one on the other that lists the distribution of very large quantities of silver to various people; it concludes with an invocation to the goddess Nisaba by the learner, who describes himself as an apprentice scribe.
{"title":"A Sargonic Learner’s Tablet with an Invocation of the Goddess Nisaba","authors":"Hanan A. Al-esawee, Abdulmukrem M. Alezzi","doi":"10.1086/714653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714653","url":null,"abstract":"This paper derives from the study of confiscated texts in the Iraq Museum. Here we publish an Umma tablet with the accession number IM 205090, a square school text with three columns on one side and a single one on the other that lists the distribution of very large quantities of silver to various people; it concludes with an invocation to the goddess Nisaba by the learner, who describes himself as an apprentice scribe.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/714653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47693415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The identity of the toponym Dugurasu, which is mentioned some fifty times in the ED IIIb documentation from Ebla, is a highly contested issue. While M. G. Biga had proposed an identification with Egypt, A. Archi then argued that Dugurasu was situated in northwestern Iran. This study offers a systematic examination of all the attestations of Dugurasu, focusing on the types of materials traded between Dugurasu and Ebla. It also considers evidence bearing on Ebla’s commercial partner named DUlu. Characteristically, Ebla and DUlu exchanged the same types of goods as those traded between Ebla and Dugurasu. Our investigation strongly suggests that Dugurasu is either Egypt itself or some place in Palestine that served as an intermediary in exchanges between Egypt and Ebla, while DUlu denotes either Byblos or one of its immediate neighbors.
地名Dugurasu的身份是一个高度争议的问题，在埃博拉的ediib文件中提到了大约50次。M. G. Biga提出将杜古拉苏归为埃及，而A. Archi则认为杜古拉苏位于伊朗西北部。本研究对杜古拉苏的所有证明进行了系统的检查，重点关注杜古拉苏与埃博拉之间交易的材料类型。它还考虑了与埃博拉的商业伙伴DUlu有关的证据。具有特点的是，埃布拉和杜卢交换的货物种类与埃布拉和杜古拉苏之间的货物种类相同。我们的调查强烈表明，Dugurasu要么是埃及本身，要么是巴勒斯坦的某个地方，作为埃及和埃博拉之间交流的中介，而DUlu表示比布鲁斯或其近邻之一。
{"title":"In Search of Dugurasu","authors":"M. Biga, P. Steinkeller","doi":"10.1086/714654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714654","url":null,"abstract":"The identity of the toponym Dugurasu, which is mentioned some fifty times in the ED IIIb documentation from Ebla, is a highly contested issue. While M. G. Biga had proposed an identification with Egypt, A. Archi then argued that Dugurasu was situated in northwestern Iran. This study offers a systematic examination of all the attestations of Dugurasu, focusing on the types of materials traded between Dugurasu and Ebla. It also considers evidence bearing on Ebla’s commercial partner named DUlu. Characteristically, Ebla and DUlu exchanged the same types of goods as those traded between Ebla and Dugurasu. Our investigation strongly suggests that Dugurasu is either Egypt itself or some place in Palestine that served as an intermediary in exchanges between Egypt and Ebla, while DUlu denotes either Byblos or one of its immediate neighbors.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"9 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45071181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an edition of the previously unpublished Old Babylonian tablet fragment that may be part of an explanatory god list. With all due caution, it is possible to suggest that it provides a rare example of a god list with extended commentary from the Old Babylonian period with each preserved entry seemingly eliciting an explanation. The format is unique in that it occurs as running text without columned entry or any other topical demarcation, arranged according to divine name and its respective explanation or equivalent. Likewise, although the fragmentary state of this piece rules out any definitive interpretation, it is possible that it may refer to certain lines in the Ninurta poem Lugale.
{"title":"A Fragmentary Explanatory God List from Old Babylonian Nippur with a Thematic Connection to Lugale and An : Anum: A Glimpse into the Origins of Mesopotamian Hermeneutical Tradition","authors":"J. Peterson","doi":"10.1086/709311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709311","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an edition of the previously unpublished Old Babylonian tablet fragment that may be part of an explanatory god list. With all due caution, it is possible to suggest that it provides a rare example of a god list with extended commentary from the Old Babylonian period with each preserved entry seemingly eliciting an explanation. The format is unique in that it occurs as running text without columned entry or any other topical demarcation, arranged according to divine name and its respective explanation or equivalent. Likewise, although the fragmentary state of this piece rules out any definitive interpretation, it is possible that it may refer to certain lines in the Ninurta poem Lugale.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"117 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/709311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In spite of extensive research conducted in the field, there are some areas of Babylonian reed industries that have eluded understanding since the first comprehensive overview was published on this topic in 1989. The aim of this communication is to provide some insights into one such area, the preparation of pliable reed strands. On the basis of partly overlooked philological evidence, it will be argued that phrases like gi gu4- ud, na4 ad-KID, and na4ša-ga-ra relate, one way or another, to this procedure.
{"title":"„Das Schilfrohr umherspringen lassen”: Bemerkungen zum Rohrflechten Babyloniens im dritten bzw. frühen zweiten Jahrtausend v. Chr.","authors":"Krisztián Simkó","doi":"10.1086/709305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709305","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of extensive research conducted in the field, there are some areas of Babylonian reed industries that have eluded understanding since the first comprehensive overview was published on this topic in 1989. The aim of this communication is to provide some insights into one such area, the preparation of pliable reed strands. On the basis of partly overlooked philological evidence, it will be argued that phrases like gi gu4- ud, na4 ad-KID, and na4ša-ga-ra relate, one way or another, to this procedure.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"23 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/709305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sumerian professional designation su-si-(ig) has been usually translated as “animal handler” or “skinner” on the basis of texts from the Old Babylonian period. Written sources from the third millennium, however, indicate that these translations are not applicable in earlier times, since people so designated worked on the first steps of leather processing or with the preparation of the bare skins for tanning. Therefore, in such texts the translation Blößenvorbereiter, that is “preparer of cleaned animal skins” is a better fit. Moreover, third-millennium texts provide further information on the profession su-si-(ig), which was apparently practiced only by men who worked in the large temple and palace public institutions and in some cases could hold high social positions.
{"title":"Der Beruf su-si-(ig) im 3. Jahrtausend","authors":"M. Such-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1086/709304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709304","url":null,"abstract":"The Sumerian professional designation su-si-(ig) has been usually translated as “animal handler” or “skinner” on the basis of texts from the Old Babylonian period. Written sources from the third millennium, however, indicate that these translations are not applicable in earlier times, since people so designated worked on the first steps of leather processing or with the preparation of the bare skins for tanning. Therefore, in such texts the translation Blößenvorbereiter, that is “preparer of cleaned animal skins” is a better fit. Moreover, third-millennium texts provide further information on the profession su-si-(ig), which was apparently practiced only by men who worked in the large temple and palace public institutions and in some cases could hold high social positions.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"3 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/709304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45683676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jawad, Barhan Abd Al-Reza, Ali Jabarat Nasir, Ahmed Abbas As’id, R. de Boer
This article establishes that the ancient city of Malgium is located at modern Tell Yassir. The results of a survey of the site and its surroundings are given together with the publication of a number of new brick inscriptions belonging to early Old Babylonian kings of Malgium.
{"title":"The Discovery of the Location of Malgium (Tell Yassir)","authors":"A. Jawad, Barhan Abd Al-Reza, Ali Jabarat Nasir, Ahmed Abbas As’id, R. de Boer","doi":"10.1086/709308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709308","url":null,"abstract":"This article establishes that the ancient city of Malgium is located at modern Tell Yassir. The results of a survey of the site and its surroundings are given together with the publication of a number of new brick inscriptions belonging to early Old Babylonian kings of Malgium.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"65 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/709308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48288149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centralization functioned on multiple complementary levels during the Ur III period. On the one hand, the royal government controlled vast herds of livestock, which it distributed for tending to herdsmen located in various provinces throughout the entire empire. On the other, it exercised direct control over land located in these provinces, which it then used to compensate royal workers in charge of tending these animals. This article studies the evidence for the royal herdsmen, their organization and activities, and their compensation through royal grants of real estate.
{"title":"The Royal Herdsmen of Ur: Compensation and Centralization in the Reign of Shulgi","authors":"Ryan Winters","doi":"10.1086/709307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709307","url":null,"abstract":"Centralization functioned on multiple complementary levels during the Ur III period. On the one hand, the royal government controlled vast herds of livestock, which it distributed for tending to herdsmen located in various provinces throughout the entire empire. On the other, it exercised direct control over land located in these provinces, which it then used to compensate royal workers in charge of tending these animals. This article studies the evidence for the royal herdsmen, their organization and activities, and their compensation through royal grants of real estate.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"47 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/709307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45313138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tablet Si. 427 demonstrates that diagonal triples, or Pythagorean triples as they are now known, were used by Old Babylonian surveyors to construct perpendicular field boundaries accurately. This is the only known application of diagonal triples from this time, and one of the most complete examples of applied geometry from the ancient world.
{"title":"Perpendicular Lines and Diagonal Triples in Old Babylonian Surveying","authors":"Daniel F. Mansfield","doi":"10.1086/709309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709309","url":null,"abstract":"The tablet Si. 427 demonstrates that diagonal triples, or Pythagorean triples as they are now known, were used by Old Babylonian surveyors to construct perpendicular field boundaries accurately. This is the only known application of diagonal triples from this time, and one of the most complete examples of applied geometry from the ancient world.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"87 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/709309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44227573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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