Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0115
Susanne Paulus
In this paper, I discuss the authenticity of one of the most controversial Kassite inscriptions known only from post-Kassite copies, the Agum-kakrime Inscription. I revisit the most common arguments brought up against the inscription's authenticity and then discuss it in the context of other Kassite inscriptions known from later copies. I additionally address the proposed financial motivations for possible forgers as well as potential anachronisms and the Sitz im Leben of the copies discovered in the library of Assurbanipal.
在这篇论文中，我讨论了卡斯特最具争议的铭文之一的真实性，该铭文仅从后卡斯特时期的复制品中得知，即Agum kakrime铭文。我重新审视了针对铭文真实性提出的最常见的论点，然后在后来的复制品中已知的其他卡斯特铭文的背景下进行了讨论。此外，我还谈到了可能的伪造者的财务动机，以及潜在的时代错误和在Assurbanipal图书馆发现的副本的Sitz im Leben。
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0167
J. Reade
Europeans who excavated the great Assyrian cities in the mid-nineteenth century discovered colossal alabaster figures, hundreds of wall panels, and innumerable smaller items that they wished to send home. The journey was perilous and much was lost, most notably sculptures from Khorsabad and elsewhere that were on a French convoy attacked near the Tigris-Euphrates confluence in 1855. There has been much uncertainty over what perished on this and other occasions. This paper integrates the relevant sources, identifies antiquities lost during transport from Khorsabad, the Northwest Palace at Nimrud, the Southwest and North Palaces at Nineveh, and other sites, and compares the loss of original photographs, squeezes and paper archives after arrival in Europe.
{"title":"Assyrian Antiquities Lost in Translation","authors":"J. Reade","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0167","url":null,"abstract":"Europeans who excavated the great Assyrian cities in the mid-nineteenth century discovered colossal alabaster figures, hundreds of wall panels, and innumerable smaller items that they wished to send home. The journey was perilous and much was lost, most notably sculptures from Khorsabad and elsewhere that were on a French convoy attacked near the Tigris-Euphrates confluence in 1855. There has been much uncertainty over what perished on this and other occasions. This paper integrates the relevant sources, identifies antiquities lost during transport from Khorsabad, the Northwest Palace at Nimrud, the Southwest and North Palaces at Nineveh, and other sites, and compares the loss of original photographs, squeezes and paper archives after arrival in Europe.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"167 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0053
R. D. Boer
This article studies the lives of two men pivotal in the history of (Old Babylonian) Babylon: Sumu-abum and Sumu-la-El. Sumu-abum was an Amorite tribal and military leader who led groups of Amorite warriors between ca. 1890 and 1860 BCE. He managed to conquer large swaths of northern Babylonian and the Lower Diyala region. In the wake of these conquests, numerous small Amorite kingdoms were set up by his subordinates. The most important one was Sumu-la-El (1880–1845 BCE), who founded the First Dynasty of Babylon. After Sumu-abum's death, Sumu-la-El subjugated several other petty kings in Babylon's vicinity and built a string of fortresses around his territory. Through his actions he formed the core of the Babylonian kingdom.
本文研究了在古巴比伦历史上举足轻重的两个人的生活：Sumu abum和Sumu la El。Sumu abum是一位阿摩利部落和军事领袖，他在约公元前1890年至1860年间领导着一群阿摩利战士。他成功地征服了巴比伦北部和下迪亚拉地区的大片地区。在这些征服之后，他的部下建立了许多小的亚摩利王国。最重要的是Sumu la El（公元前1880–1845年），他建立了巴比伦第一王朝。苏木·阿布姆死后，苏木·拉·埃尔征服了巴比伦附近的其他几位小国王，并在他的领土周围建造了一系列堡垒。通过他的行动，他形成了巴比伦王国的核心。
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0087
H. Reculeau
Comparative and quantitative analyses of second millennium BCE agriculture in Upper Mesopotamia are often hindered by the use of absolute values for metrological units of surface and capacity that are based on third millennium southern Mesopotamian documentations. The evidence suggests to the contrary that different metrological systems were used through space and time, and that both their relative and absolute values varied to a great extent, even in cases when similar cuneiform signs and/or unit names were used. This essay analyses the surface and capacity units of Old Babylonian Mari and Assyria in the Old and Middle Assyrian periods, and explores paths to establish their absolute value in modern units by focusing on their internal coherence.
{"title":"On Some Metrological Issues Affecting Yield Estimates in Second-Millennium BCE Upper Mesopotamia","authors":"H. Reculeau","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0087","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative and quantitative analyses of second millennium BCE agriculture in Upper Mesopotamia are often hindered by the use of absolute values for metrological units of surface and capacity that are based on third millennium southern Mesopotamian documentations. The evidence suggests to the contrary that different metrological systems were used through space and time, and that both their relative and absolute values varied to a great extent, even in cases when similar cuneiform signs and/or unit names were used. This essay analyses the surface and capacity units of Old Babylonian Mari and Assyria in the Old and Middle Assyrian periods, and explores paths to establish their absolute value in modern units by focusing on their internal coherence.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"87 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43577683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0003
Vitali Bartash
This article studies Sumerian terms for minors (dumu, di4-di4-la(2) and lu2 tur-ra) in texts of various genres to define their precise meaning and relationship to kinship and age-grade terminologies. The author argues that dumu is essentially a kinship term “son/daughter, one's own child, offspring,” which lacks any age connotations. In contrast, di4-di4-la(2) designates children as an age grade. As in other languages, words for children as kinship and children as minors often exchange their semantic domains. Lu2 tur-ra, lit. “minor” is another age-grade term. In contrast, it has a pronounced social connotation and denotes those under patriarchal or professional authority, including children, youths, and young unmarried, or even recently married, individuals, as well as junior professionals.
{"title":"Sumerian “Child”","authors":"Vitali Bartash","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies Sumerian terms for minors (dumu, di4-di4-la(2) and lu2 tur-ra) in texts of various genres to define their precise meaning and relationship to kinship and age-grade terminologies. The author argues that dumu is essentially a kinship term “son/daughter, one's own child, offspring,” which lacks any age connotations. In contrast, di4-di4-la(2) designates children as an age grade. As in other languages, words for children as kinship and children as minors often exchange their semantic domains. Lu2 tur-ra, lit. “minor” is another age-grade term. In contrast, it has a pronounced social connotation and denotes those under patriarchal or professional authority, including children, youths, and young unmarried, or even recently married, individuals, as well as junior professionals.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"3 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0037
J. Peterson
A newly reconstructed manuscript of the Sumerian Flood Story from Old Babylonian Ur furnishes us with further content of the composition, most notably the divine appointment of the first king, Alulim of Eridu. It appears that this text contained an etiology for the pervasive royal image of the king as shepherd of the people.
{"title":"The Divine Appointment of the First Antediluvian King: Newly Recovered Content from the Ur Version of the Sumerian Flood Story","authors":"J. Peterson","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0037","url":null,"abstract":"A newly reconstructed manuscript of the Sumerian Flood Story from Old Babylonian Ur furnishes us with further content of the composition, most notably the divine appointment of the first king, Alulim of Eridu. It appears that this text contained an etiology for the pervasive royal image of the king as shepherd of the people.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"37 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5615/JCUNESTUD.70.2018.0189
Rocío Da Riva, Gianluca Galetti
BM 40790 (81–04–28, 335) and BM 40854 (81–04–28, 401) + BM 41208 (81–04–28, 756) bear ritual instructions to be carried out in the Esagil. The main activities described deal with Nabû and Nanāya in their cellas: Ezida and Euršaba, respectively. These two tablets clearly belong together, and—together with other tablets now lost—may have originally constituted a series of rituals for the whole year that were connected, in a way or another, to the New Year Festival of Nisan. A striking aspect of BM 40790 and BM 40854+ is the presence of female deities and of female and sexually ambiguous cult attendants. The two texts show a new perspective on temple rituals, in which female agency appears stronger than previously assumed.
{"title":"Two Temple Rituals from Babylon","authors":"Rocío Da Riva, Gianluca Galetti","doi":"10.5615/JCUNESTUD.70.2018.0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/JCUNESTUD.70.2018.0189","url":null,"abstract":"BM 40790 (81–04–28, 335) and BM 40854 (81–04–28, 401) + BM 41208 (81–04–28, 756) bear ritual instructions to be carried out in the Esagil. The main activities described deal with Nabû and Nanāya in their cellas: Ezida and Euršaba, respectively. These two tablets clearly belong together, and—together with other tablets now lost—may have originally constituted a series of rituals for the whole year that were connected, in a way or another, to the New Year Festival of Nisan. A striking aspect of BM 40790 and BM 40854+ is the presence of female deities and of female and sexually ambiguous cult attendants. The two texts show a new perspective on temple rituals, in which female agency appears stronger than previously assumed.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"189 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/JCUNESTUD.70.2018.0189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0067
Seth Richardson
The Babylonian princess Iltani has been known to us since the 1899 copies of T. G. Pinches. Within fifty years, following a proliferation of published texts featuring the princess, it became probable there were at least two such persons by this name and title; by now, it can be shown there were at least three. But the problem hardly ends there: a close inspection of the disparate epistolary, administrative, and commercial evidence for these Iltani's does little to clarify their activities or status, nor even their relation to the king. An analysis of that evidence leads me to propose a redefinition of the title DUMU.MUNUS LUGAL and a reinterpretation of the position and purpose of women bearing the name Iltani.
{"title":"Goodbye, Princess: Iltani and the DUMU.MUNUS LUGAL","authors":"Seth Richardson","doi":"10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0067","url":null,"abstract":"The Babylonian princess Iltani has been known to us since the 1899 copies of T. G. Pinches. Within fifty years, following a proliferation of published texts featuring the princess, it became probable there were at least two such persons by this name and title; by now, it can be shown there were at least three. But the problem hardly ends there: a close inspection of the disparate epistolary, administrative, and commercial evidence for these Iltani's does little to clarify their activities or status, nor even their relation to the king. An analysis of that evidence leads me to propose a redefinition of the title DUMU.MUNUS LUGAL and a reinterpretation of the position and purpose of women bearing the name Iltani.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"67 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0203
Amitai Baruchi-Unna
The prayer of Esarhaddon, incorporated in the inscription AsBbA, is the first prayer in an Assyrian royal inscription that is presented as a verbatim citation. The aim of this paper is to delineate the historiographical background for this innovation in a genre usually described as routine and formalistic. By examining descriptions of prayers said to have been recited by the king in Assyrian royal inscriptions, I analyze Esarhaddon's prayer from the aspects of its content, context, and possible linkage to prayers external to the royal inscriptions. Specifically, I examine the possible relation between the prayer in this inscription and the mīs pî ritual performed during the last phases of the process of making a divine image. This comprehensive analysis suggests that the king's prayer had been part of an early stage of such a ritual and was available to the authors of the Esarhaddon inscription.
{"title":"Esarhaddon's Prayer in the Inscription AsBbA as Related to the mīs pî Ritual","authors":"Amitai Baruchi-Unna","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0203","url":null,"abstract":"The prayer of Esarhaddon, incorporated in the inscription AsBbA, is the first prayer in an Assyrian royal inscription that is presented as a verbatim citation. The aim of this paper is to delineate the historiographical background for this innovation in a genre usually described as routine and formalistic. By examining descriptions of prayers said to have been recited by the king in Assyrian royal inscriptions, I analyze Esarhaddon's prayer from the aspects of its content, context, and possible linkage to prayers external to the royal inscriptions. Specifically, I examine the possible relation between the prayer in this inscription and the mīs pî ritual performed during the last phases of the process of making a divine image. This comprehensive analysis suggests that the king's prayer had been part of an early stage of such a ritual and was available to the authors of the Esarhaddon inscription.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"203 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44272500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0117
Maksim Kudrinski
The article deals with the problem of finding spoken correlates for combinations of the Sumerogram KUR and toponyms in Hittite texts. The discussion adds to our understanding of the relation between written and spoken language in the case of using foreign written templates by the Hittites.
{"title":"The Sumerogram KUR: Logogram or Determinative?","authors":"Maksim Kudrinski","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0117","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of finding spoken correlates for combinations of the Sumerogram KUR and toponyms in Hittite texts. The discussion adds to our understanding of the relation between written and spoken language in the case of using foreign written templates by the Hittites.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"117 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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