Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1972787
G. Touya, Imran Lokhat
ABSTRACT While the recent progress on automated generalisation helped National Mapping Agencies to derive topographic maps more and more quickly, there are still practical cartographic issues that require attention. For instance, embankments are represented with line symbols showing the slope of the embankment. This paper proposes an automated algorithm called ReBankment that displaces the embankment lines from the roads and rivers that overlap the embankment symbol. ReBankment is based on a triangulation to identify neighbourhoods, and on a least squares adjustment to displace and distort the embankment line while preserving its shape. This paper also proposes how to handle complex cases and scaling issues. ReBankment is tested on real data from a 1:25k scale topographic map.
{"title":"ReBankment: displacing embankment lines from roads and rivers with a least squares adjustment","authors":"G. Touya, Imran Lokhat","doi":"10.1080/23729333.2021.1972787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2021.1972787","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the recent progress on automated generalisation helped National Mapping Agencies to derive topographic maps more and more quickly, there are still practical cartographic issues that require attention. For instance, embankments are represented with line symbols showing the slope of the embankment. This paper proposes an automated algorithm called ReBankment that displaces the embankment lines from the roads and rivers that overlap the embankment symbol. ReBankment is based on a triangulation to identify neighbourhoods, and on a least squares adjustment to displace and distort the embankment line while preserving its shape. This paper also proposes how to handle complex cases and scaling issues. ReBankment is tested on real data from a 1:25k scale topographic map.","PeriodicalId":36401,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cartography","volume":"5 1","pages":"37 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87803106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1984071
F. Harvey
{"title":"Mapping for a Sustainable World","authors":"F. Harvey","doi":"10.1080/23729333.2021.1984071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2021.1984071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36401,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cartography","volume":"146 1","pages":"348 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85380674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1972910
M. Jobst, G. Gartner
ABSTRACT Currently, knowledge networks develop to establish common data spaces. A common data-space offers mutual exchange and reusability for data sources and their derived information and provides access to structured knowledge and even creates wisdom. The geospatial domain becomes included in those knowledge networks and, therefore, creates spatial knowledge networks. ‘Geospatial’ is moving from a special expert domain to a ‘normal’ common data source that is processed for specific data science use cases. Maps with their different levels of abstraction according to its transmission task may offer (1) strategies to enhance processing performance, due to its abstraction, (2) persistent references of map features throughout different scales (abstractions) and (3) improvement of the transmission of spatial information, which includes the transmission interfaces as well as geo-communication. This paper tries to identify new functions for maps in new developing application areas. For example, a ‘universal semantic structure of topographic content’ could help to establish relations/links across domains that only have their own feature keys. We try to set the scene of cartography in a common data-space and highlight some requirements in the world of spatial knowledge networks, which are needed for automatization, machine learning and AI. According to Gordon and de Souza location matters: ‘Mapping is not simply a mode of visualisation, but a “central organizational device for networked communications”, an adaptive interface through which users can access, alter and deploy an expansive database of information, and a platform to socialize spatial information through collective editing, annotations, discussion, etc.’ [Gordon, E., & de Souza e Silva, A. (2011). Net locality: Why location matters in a networked world. John Wiley & Sons, p. 28].
当前，知识网络的发展是为了建立通用的数据空间。公共数据空间为数据源及其派生信息提供相互交换和可重用性，并提供对结构化知识的访问，甚至创造智慧。地理空间领域被包括在这些知识网络中，因此创建了空间知识网络。“地理空间”正在从一个特殊的专家领域转变为一个“正常的”公共数据源，为特定的数据科学用例进行处理。根据不同的传输任务，具有不同抽象层次的地图可以提供(1)由于其抽象性而提高处理性能的策略;(2)在不同尺度上持续引用地图特征(抽象);(3)改进空间信息的传输，包括传输接口和地理通信。本文试图找出地图在新的发展应用领域的新功能。例如，“地形内容的通用语义结构”可以帮助在只有自己的特征键的域之间建立关系/链接。我们试图将制图场景设置在一个共同的数据空间中，并强调空间知识网络世界中的一些要求，这些要求是自动化，机器学习和人工智能所需要的。Gordon, E.， & de Souza E Silva, a .(2011):“地图绘制不仅仅是一种可视化模式，而是一种“网络通信的中央组织设备”，是一个自适应界面，用户可以通过它访问、修改和部署一个庞大的信息数据库，以及一个通过集体编辑、注释、讨论等将空间信息社会化的平台。”网络位置:为什么位置在网络世界中很重要。John Wiley & Sons出版，第28页。
{"title":"Accessing spatial knowledge networks with maps","authors":"M. Jobst, G. Gartner","doi":"10.1080/23729333.2021.1972910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2021.1972910","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Currently, knowledge networks develop to establish common data spaces. A common data-space offers mutual exchange and reusability for data sources and their derived information and provides access to structured knowledge and even creates wisdom. The geospatial domain becomes included in those knowledge networks and, therefore, creates spatial knowledge networks. ‘Geospatial’ is moving from a special expert domain to a ‘normal’ common data source that is processed for specific data science use cases. Maps with their different levels of abstraction according to its transmission task may offer (1) strategies to enhance processing performance, due to its abstraction, (2) persistent references of map features throughout different scales (abstractions) and (3) improvement of the transmission of spatial information, which includes the transmission interfaces as well as geo-communication. This paper tries to identify new functions for maps in new developing application areas. For example, a ‘universal semantic structure of topographic content’ could help to establish relations/links across domains that only have their own feature keys. We try to set the scene of cartography in a common data-space and highlight some requirements in the world of spatial knowledge networks, which are needed for automatization, machine learning and AI. According to Gordon and de Souza location matters: ‘Mapping is not simply a mode of visualisation, but a “central organizational device for networked communications”, an adaptive interface through which users can access, alter and deploy an expansive database of information, and a platform to socialize spatial information through collective editing, annotations, discussion, etc.’ [Gordon, E., & de Souza e Silva, A. (2011). Net locality: Why location matters in a networked world. John Wiley & Sons, p. 28].","PeriodicalId":36401,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cartography","volume":"3 1","pages":"102 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76483192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1972908
Maria Pazarli, K. Diamantis, Vasiliki Gerontopoulou
ABSTRACT Occasioned by the celebration of the 200 years since the outbreak of the Greek Revolution of 1821, Onassis Library, in collaboration with the Cartographic Heritage Archives of General State Archives of Greece and the Department of Geography of Harokopio University, designed a series of four digital workshops to motivate teenagers to bring to life one of the most emblematic maps of the so-called Greek Enlightenment during the eighteenth century and major item of the Greek cartographic heritage: Rigas Velestinlis Charta (map) of Greece (1796–1797). From January to March 2020, four school teams consisting of students 13–17 years old, approached in a creative way the map that inspired the Greek Revolution of 1821, transforming it into a computer game, a digital story, an augmented reality or a virtual reality application. By using innovative mixtures of history, geography, cartography, visual arts and information technology, they managed to expand their knowledge and skills by participating in an entertaining learning process. All participants acknowledged the pedagogical value of this innovative experience, which cultivated a positive attitude towards the learning procedure, enriching the lessons of history and geography, promoting the cartographic cultural heritage through new technology approaches and using valuable digital techniques and tools.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1960139
D. Hollenstein, S. Bleisch
ABSTRACT Gaining an overview of large spatial data sets presents a challenge common to various domains. 'Overviewing' spatial data involves viewing different areas of focus and context at different scales and requires access to detail from zoomed-out views. Standard pan and zoom interfaces provide limited support with this. Motivated by the application scenario of flood risk monitoring, we extend pan and zoom affordances with a combination of focus+context techniques and multiple maps to support 'overviewing' spatial data with a graph-like information structure. A combination of transient overlays to preview context-on-demand as well as detail-on-demand with the option to decouple additional maps enables fast navigation through the graph-like information space. User-created and -positioned, resizable multiple maps allow for simultaneous exploration of distant regions at flexible scales. The seamless integration of these concepts and the versatility of its components allow for continuously adaptable, user-defined layouts that support various analysis situations. We present a prototype implementation of this interaction model and illustrate its working in application to a hydrometric network, but we believe the model could be transferred to graph-like data in other domains. Obtenir une vue d'ensemble sur de grands ensembles de données spatiales est un défi dans de nombreux domaines. La vue d'ensemble de données spatiales requiert la visualisation de différentes zones d'intérêt et leur contexte à différentes échelles et nécessite l'accès à des détails à partir de vues dézoomées. Les interfaces de déplacement et de zoom standards n'apportent qu'une aide partielle à ces besoins. Motivé par l'application de scénario de gestion des risques d'inondation, nous étendons les fonctionnalités de déplacement et de zoom grâce à la combinaison d'une technique de focalisation et contextualisation et de cartes multiples pour faciliter la vue d'ensemble de données spatiales avec une structure d'information de type graphe. Une combinaison de superpositions transitoires pour pré-visualiser le contexte à la demande et le détail à la demande, avec l'option de découpler des cartes additionnelles, permet une navigation rapide dans un espace d'information de type graphe. De multiples cartes, créées, centrées et redimensionnées par l'utilisateur permettent une exploration simultanée de régions distantes à des échelles flexibles. L'intégration transparente de ces concepts et la polyvalence de ces composants permettent des mises en page définies par l'utilisateur, continuellement adaptables, qui facilitent diverses situations d'analyse. Nous présentons un prototype de ce modèle d'interactions et nous illustrons son fonctionnement sur le cas d'un réseau hydrométrique mais nous pensons que ce modèle peut être appliqué à d'autres données de type graphe dans d'autres domaines.
获得大型空间数据集的概述是各个领域共同面临的挑战。“概览”空间数据包括以不同的尺度查看不同的焦点区域和背景，并需要从缩小视图中获取细节。标准的平移和缩放接口对此提供有限的支持。受洪水风险监测应用场景的启发，我们通过焦点+上下文技术和多地图的组合来扩展平移和缩放功能，以类似图形的信息结构支持“概览”空间数据。结合瞬时叠加，可按需预览上下文和按需细节，并可选择解耦额外的地图，从而实现在类似图形的信息空间中的快速导航。用户创建和定位，可调整大小的多幅地图允许在灵活的尺度上同时探索遥远的地区。这些概念的无缝集成及其组件的多功能性允许不断适应，用户定义的布局，支持各种分析情况。我们提出了该交互模型的原型实现，并说明了其在水文网络中的应用，但我们相信该模型可以转移到其他领域的图形数据。获得一个价值d'ensemble sur de grandes ensembles de donsames spatiales和dsames de nombreux domains。空间上的综合价值要求对不同的交换区域和不同的交换区域进行可视化分析，例如不同的交换区域、不同的交换区域、不同的交换区域、不同的交换区域、不同的交换区域和不同的交换区域。这些接口的交换和交换标准的交换和交换标准的交换。动机、应用、交换、交换、风险、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换、交换。一种组合的叠加过渡到prac3 -visualiser的背景信息，要求和要求，每个选项的dac3 - couplator的要求，提供额外的功能，允许一个导航快速的数据和空间信息的类型图。多重卡、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界、跨界。“整合”的概念是透明的，“多价”的组成部分是渗透的，“整合”的概念是实用的，连续的，适应的，很便于各种情况的分析。现有的交换交换模块为交互模块的原型;现有的功能示例为交换交换模块的原型;现有的交换交换模块为交换交换模块的原型;现有的交换交换模块为交换交换模块的原型;现有的交换交换模块为交换交换模块的原型;现有的交换交换模块为交换交换模块的原型;
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1981881
W. Cartwright, A. Ruas, P. Zamperlin
The international Cartography and GIScience community were gratified to receive news that the 2021 International Cartographic Conference would take place in Firenze, Italy between 14 and 18 December, in spite of the many hurdles that had to be overcome by the Associazione Italiana di Cartografia to ensure that this important event took place in this time of global disruption and uncertainty due to COVID-19. Our Italian colleagues are to be congratulated on their dedicated and diligent endeavours to ensure that the International Cartographic Association’s community will be able to meet and advance the theory and praxis of Cartography and GIScience. The Journal editors worked closely with the Conference Publications Chair, Professor Paola Zamperlin of the Università di Pisa to progress papers for review and potential publishing. Selected papers submitted for the ‘Advances in Cartography’ publishing route for ICC2021 were considered for publication in the Special Issues of the Journal. Ninety-nine full papers were submitted to the ‘Advances’ publishing route. These papers were reviewed initially by the conference LOC, and evaluated by both national and international reviewers. After these reviews were complete and the outcomes considered by the LOC, selected papers were recommended to us for consideration for further review, with the potential of publishing in the Journal. Twenty-four selected papers were recommended by the LOC to the IJC editors. From these papers, sixteen papers were identified for consideration and a further two blind reviews were conducted on these papers. The papers published in Issue 7.3, 2021 and Issue 8.1, 2022 were realised by this process. We thank all LOC reviewers and Journal reviewers for their support of the review process, the Journal and, more broadly, the researchers whose work that advances the research goals of the International Cartographic Association are reported upon in these Special Issues of the Journal. The papers herein begin with a contribution by Radek Barvir and Vit Vozenilek, with their contribution entitled Graphic map load measuring tool – development and verification. They explain that ‘Map load’ is a map property quantifying the amount of map content in cartographic products. This paper presents information about an easy-to-use and freely available tool GMLMT (Graphic Map Load Measuring Tool) that applies a metric averaging of the amount of visible structures in a map using an edge-detection approach to measure graphic map load of raster representations of maps. The process of designing the tool is described and the outcomes of their experiments are reported. This is followed by the paper Spatial thinking in cartography teaching for schoolchildren by Sônia Maria Vanzella Castellar and Barbara Gomes Flaire Jordão. The paper provides the results of a study that investigated school teaching practises that relate spatial thinking with the learning of maps from a cartographic education perspective. The
国际制图界和gis科学界高兴地获悉，2021年国际制图大会将于12月14日至18日在意大利佛罗伦萨举行，尽管意大利制图协会必须克服许多障碍，以确保在2019冠状病毒病造成全球混乱和不确定的情况下举办这一重要活动。我们应该祝贺我们的意大利同事，他们为确保国际制图协会的社区能够满足和推进制图学和地理信息科学的理论和实践而作出了献身和勤奋的努力。期刊编辑与会议出版物主席，比萨大学的Paola Zamperlin教授密切合作，以推进论文的审查和潜在出版。为ICC2021“制图学进展”出版路线提交的选定论文被考虑在该杂志的特刊上发表。99篇完整的论文被提交给了“先进”出版路线。这些论文最初由会议LOC审查，并由国内和国际审稿人进行评估。在这些审查完成并由LOC考虑结果后，选定的论文被推荐给我们考虑进一步审查，并有可能在期刊上发表。LOC向IJC编辑推荐了24篇精选论文。从这些论文中，确定了16篇论文供审议，并对这些论文进行了两次盲评。发表在2021年第7.3期和2022年第8.1期的论文就是通过这个过程实现的。我们感谢所有LOC审稿人和期刊审稿人对审稿过程的支持，感谢《期刊》，更广泛地说，感谢《期刊》特刊中报道的研究人员，他们的工作促进了国际制图协会的研究目标。本文以Radek Barvir和Vit Vozenilek的贡献开始，他们的贡献题为图形地图负载测量工具-开发和验证。他们解释说，“地图负载”是一种地图属性，用于量化地图产品中地图内容的数量。本文介绍了一个易于使用且免费提供的工具GMLMT(图形地图负载测量工具)的信息，该工具使用边缘检测方法对地图中可见结构的数量进行度量平均，以测量地图的栅格表示的图形地图负载。描述了该工具的设计过程，并报告了他们的实验结果。紧随其后的是Sônia Maria Vanzella Castellar和Barbara Gomes Flaire jord的论文《制图教学中的空间思维》。本文从地图学教育的角度对空间思维与地图学习的关系进行了研究。这项研究是为了
{"title":"The International Cartographic Conference 2021 – Firenze, Italy: a truly wonderful occasion to celebrate the outcomes and advances of international collaboration and the resilience of Italian Cartographers","authors":"W. Cartwright, A. Ruas, P. Zamperlin","doi":"10.1080/23729333.2021.1981881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2021.1981881","url":null,"abstract":"The international Cartography and GIScience community were gratified to receive news that the 2021 International Cartographic Conference would take place in Firenze, Italy between 14 and 18 December, in spite of the many hurdles that had to be overcome by the Associazione Italiana di Cartografia to ensure that this important event took place in this time of global disruption and uncertainty due to COVID-19. Our Italian colleagues are to be congratulated on their dedicated and diligent endeavours to ensure that the International Cartographic Association’s community will be able to meet and advance the theory and praxis of Cartography and GIScience. The Journal editors worked closely with the Conference Publications Chair, Professor Paola Zamperlin of the Università di Pisa to progress papers for review and potential publishing. Selected papers submitted for the ‘Advances in Cartography’ publishing route for ICC2021 were considered for publication in the Special Issues of the Journal. Ninety-nine full papers were submitted to the ‘Advances’ publishing route. These papers were reviewed initially by the conference LOC, and evaluated by both national and international reviewers. After these reviews were complete and the outcomes considered by the LOC, selected papers were recommended to us for consideration for further review, with the potential of publishing in the Journal. Twenty-four selected papers were recommended by the LOC to the IJC editors. From these papers, sixteen papers were identified for consideration and a further two blind reviews were conducted on these papers. The papers published in Issue 7.3, 2021 and Issue 8.1, 2022 were realised by this process. We thank all LOC reviewers and Journal reviewers for their support of the review process, the Journal and, more broadly, the researchers whose work that advances the research goals of the International Cartographic Association are reported upon in these Special Issues of the Journal. The papers herein begin with a contribution by Radek Barvir and Vit Vozenilek, with their contribution entitled Graphic map load measuring tool – development and verification. They explain that ‘Map load’ is a map property quantifying the amount of map content in cartographic products. This paper presents information about an easy-to-use and freely available tool GMLMT (Graphic Map Load Measuring Tool) that applies a metric averaging of the amount of visible structures in a map using an edge-detection approach to measure graphic map load of raster representations of maps. The process of designing the tool is described and the outcomes of their experiments are reported. This is followed by the paper Spatial thinking in cartography teaching for schoolchildren by Sônia Maria Vanzella Castellar and Barbara Gomes Flaire Jordão. The paper provides the results of a study that investigated school teaching practises that relate spatial thinking with the learning of maps from a cartographic education perspective. The ","PeriodicalId":36401,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cartography","volume":"30 1","pages":"283 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76559356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1972909
D. Fairbairn, G. Gartner, M. Peterson
ABSTRACT In the context of assertions that defining a map is an illogical and futile exercise, this paper examines the distinctiveness of the discipline of cartography and the success of the human endeavour that has produced ‘things’ called maps. We contend not only that cartography is a coherent and distinctive discipline (although we do consider the semantics involved in, and rationale for, referring to it by that name), but that human society cannot function without maps. The major reason for this is that each map is created for a human or societal purpose – and this purpose defines the nature and utility of the map. The role of a map defines the very nature of a map itself, and we reflect on the creation, functionality, and success of mapping activity. This leads us to conclude with pointers to functional definition of the map.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1972907
Radek Barvíř, Vozenilek Vit
ABSTRACT Map load is a map property quantifying the amount of map content in cartographic products. Since the 1960s, various approaches have been examined to determine map-load value to assume the map complexity level. However, none of these approaches has become commonly used to evaluate the map-load level neither during the map-design process nor for maps’ comparison. This paper aims to present an easy-to-use and freely available tool GMLMT (Graphic Map Load Measuring Tool) developed at the Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University Olomouc. GMLMT applies a metric averaging of the amount of visible structures in a map using an edge-detection approach to measure graphic map load of raster representations of maps. The tool is suitable for a large scope of various map styles and visualisation methods and also provides a visualisation of map-load distribution across the evaluated map layout. This paper describes the process of designing the tool and its verification on both sample map sections presenting various aspects of map complexity and real maps examined in previous research through a user-perceived map load experiment.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1964683
Catherine Jones
ABSTRACT This paper describes the process and findings of a critical evaluation conducted for a custom-made Location based game (LBG) designed to support reflection on social history. We use a mixed-method protocol to answer the following research questions: “Can a LBG be designed to stimulate situated reflection on social history topics? and “What form and type of reflections can occur when participating in a LBG? Using an innovative approach that took inspiration from the field of museum studies and computer science. We chose a Think-aloud protocol to conduct an evaluation in Valletta, Malta and adapted the Remind study protocol to explore participant experience in Luxembourg. We combined transcripts from both sets of experiments wiith user-generated content to complete a systematic analysis using a predefined set of qualitative codes. We were able to identify that LBG can support reflection on social history topics but the depth of and type of reflection depends on the social history content, the individual locations in the city, and personal connections players are able to make to both.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1969716
S. Castellar, Barbara Gomes Flaire Jordão
ABSTRACT We present data and analyses on school teaching practises that relate spatial thinking with the learning of maps from a cartographic education perspective. This study intends to support further research in the field of school cartography, given the increasing availability of digital cartographic resources in both the formal and the informal environments frequented by the individual. This increase in information demands a careful and critical reading of the cartographic data, although this requires a clear understanding of cartographic elements on the part of the individual. This reinforces the role of teachers in the classroom, given that they can contribute to the development of critical reasoning though the analysis of current geographic problems during learning activities in school cartography. The results presented here emphasize the importance of these contributions, but also demand substantial and consistent teacher training, in particular on the theories of spatial thinking.
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