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Humans Mindlessly Treat AI Virtual Agents as Social Beings, but This Tendency Diminishes Among the Young: Evidence From a Cyberball Experiment 人类无意识地将人工智能虚拟代理视为社会人,但这种倾向在年轻人中有所减弱:来自网络球实验的证据
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8864909
Jianan Zhou, Talya Porat, Nejra van Zalk

The “social being” perspective has largely influenced the design and research of AI virtual agents. Do humans really treat these agents as social beings? To test this, we conducted a 2 between (Cyberball condition: exclusion vs. fair play) × 2 within (coplayer type: AGENT vs. HUMAN) online experiment employing the Cyberball paradigm; we investigated how participants (N = 244) responded when they observed an AI virtual agent being ostracised or treated fairly by another human in Cyberball, and we compared our results with those from human–human Cyberball research. We found that participants mindlessly applied the social norm of inclusion, compensating the ostracised agent by tossing the ball to them more frequently, just as people would to an ostracised human. This finding suggests that individuals tend to mindlessly treat AI virtual agents as social beings, supporting the media equation theory; however, age (no other user characteristics) influenced this tendency, with younger participants less likely to mindlessly apply the inclusion norm. We also found that participants showed increased sympathy towards the ostracised agent, but they did not devalue the human player for their ostracising behaviour; this indicates that participants did not mindfully perceive AI virtual agents as comparable to humans. Furthermore, we uncovered two other exploratory findings: the association between frequency of agent usage and sympathy, and the carryover effect of positive usage experience. Our study advances the theoretical understanding of the human side of human–agent interaction. Practically, it provides implications for the design of AI virtual agents, including the consideration of social norms, caution in human-like design, and age-specific targeting.

社会人 "观点在很大程度上影响了人工智能虚拟代理的设计和研究。人类真的把这些代理当作社会人看待吗?为了验证这一点,我们采用网络球范式进行了一个 2 间(网络球条件:排斥与公平竞争)×2 内(合作者类型:代理与人类)在线实验;我们调查了参与者(N = 244)在网络球中观察到人工智能虚拟代理被另一个人类排斥或公平对待时的反应,并将我们的结果与人与人之间的网络球研究结果进行了比较。我们发现,参与者无意识地应用了包容的社会规范,通过更频繁地向被排斥的代理掷球来补偿他们,就像人们对待被排斥的人类一样。这一发现表明,个体倾向于无意识地将人工智能虚拟代理视为社会人,这支持了媒体等式理论;然而,年龄(没有其他用户特征)影响了这一倾向,年轻的参与者不太可能无意识地应用包容规范。我们还发现,参与者对被排斥的代理表现出了更多的同情,但他们并没有因为人类玩家的排斥行为而贬低其价值;这表明参与者并没有有意识地将人工智能虚拟代理与人类相提并论。此外,我们还发现了另外两个探索性发现:使用代理的频率与同情之间的关联,以及积极使用体验的延续效应。我们的研究从理论上推进了对人机互动中人性方面的理解。在实践中,它为人工智能虚拟代理的设计提供了启示,包括对社会规范的考虑、类人设计的谨慎以及针对特定年龄段的目标。
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引用次数: 0
People Skills in the 21st Century: A Perspective on the Smart City in an Emerging Economy 21 世纪的人员技能:新兴经济体中的智慧城市视角
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5211958
Tanatorn Tanantong, Papon Moolngearn, Tanpat Kraiwanit, Pongsakorn Limna, Aishath Rafiyya

Smart cities are hubs of innovation and rapid development, where technology plays a significant role in shaping the urban environment. In such settings, the ability to adapt and think flexibly is crucial for individuals to thrive. The study’s goal is to understand which factors influence how well individuals are equipped with 21st-century skills and how they apply them in the dynamic context of modern urban living. Employing a quantitative research approach, data were initially collected from 600 Thai respondents through convenience sampling. A subsequent data-cleansing process refined the focus to 568 respondents, selected based on their high-score attainment. The study utilized percentages, means, and binary logistic regression in a comprehensive data analysis. Its key findings illuminate the influence of various factors, including score, age, career trajectory, and engagement with social media platforms like Instagram, LINE, and X, on skill development within the smart city context. This research offers a nuanced perspective on the myriad elements that foster individual and collective success in technologically advanced urban environments. It moves beyond mere acknowledgment of innate abilities or age-related wisdom, highlighting the critical roles of career advancement and digital engagement in skill enhancement. The implications of these findings are far reaching, especially for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders. They underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to shaping the future of urban living and working spaces, ensuring that individuals are not just equipped with the necessary skills but are also adept at applying them effectively in the smart cities of tomorrow. This study serves as a guide for these stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of fostering environments that support continuous learning, innovation, and adaptability in the face of technological advancements.

智慧城市是创新和快速发展的中心,技术在塑造城市环境方面发挥着重要作用。在这样的环境中,适应和灵活思考的能力对个人的发展至关重要。本研究旨在了解哪些因素会影响个人掌握 21 世纪技能的程度,以及他们如何在现代城市生活的动态环境中应用这些技能。研究采用定量研究方法,最初通过便利抽样从 600 名泰国受访者中收集数据。随后的数据清理过程将重点细化为 568 名受访者,这些受访者是根据他们的高分成绩选出的。研究利用百分比、平均值和二元逻辑回归进行了全面的数据分析。研究的主要发现阐明了各种因素对智慧城市背景下技能发展的影响,包括分数、年龄、职业轨迹以及对 Instagram、LINE 和 X 等社交媒体平台的参与。这项研究提供了一个细致入微的视角,揭示了在技术先进的城市环境中促进个人和集体成功的各种因素。它超越了对与生俱来的能力或与年龄相关的智慧的单纯认可,强调了职业发展和数字参与在技能提升中的关键作用。这些发现影响深远,尤其是对政策制定者、教育者和行业领导者而言。他们强调,有必要采取综合方法来塑造未来的城市生活和工作空间,确保个人不仅具备必要的技能,而且能够在未来的智慧城市中有效地应用这些技能。本研究为这些利益相关者提供了指南,强调了在技术进步面前营造支持持续学习、创新和适应能力的环境的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Video-Based Health Education on Breastfeeding Practices Among Infants Aged 0–6 Months in Dirashe District, South Ethiopia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial 视频健康教育对埃塞俄比亚南部 Dirashe 地区 0-6 个月婴儿母乳喂养实践的影响:分组随机对照试验
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2158432
Wanzahun Godana Boynito, Ousmane Diongue, Kidus Temesgen, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Godana Yaya Tessema, Marielle De Souza, Stefaan De Henauw, Adama Diouf, Souheila Abbeddou

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of infants during the first 6 months of their life is strongly recommended. Video-based communication is an innovative method that could promote EBF. The present study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of video-based intervention in promoting breastfeeding practices from birth to 6 months postpartum. This was evaluated through maternal reports, as well as EBF of infants at 3 and 5 months of age, using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) technique.

Methods: In a cluster randomized community trial, 16 communities were assigned to receive a video-based behavior change communication (Video-Health) or standard health care messages (Control). Pregnant women in their first trimester (12 ± 2 weeks) were enrolled and followed up, together with their infants, until 6 months postpartum. Data on breastfeeding practices were collected by questionnaire, monthly, in all the participants (n = 508). Human milk intake (HMI) and nonmilk oral intake (NMOI) were measured in a subsample of 60 mother–infant pairs at 3 and 5 months postpartum using DTM. Mixed models and logistic regression were used to examine the difference in continuous and discrete breastmilk practices between the intervention and the control arms, respectively.

Results: The majority of mothers initiated breastfeeding early (92.1%), 82.4% reported colostrum feeding, and 17.5% provided prelacteal feeding. No significant differences were found between Video-Health and Control arms (p > 0.05). The intervention significantly improved reported EBF rates at 4 and 5 months postpartum (p < 0.05). DTM results showed that the proportion of women practicing EBF was 50%–67% less than reported at 3 months for both arms and at 5 months in the intervention arm. The intervention did not significantly affect measured EBF at 3 and 5 months postpartum but did improve HMI at 3 months. Non significant differences in NMOI were observed at 3 months, but at 5 months, there was a significant difference between the study arms.

Conclusions: Video-based behavior change communication did not result in significant improvements in reported breastfeeding practices, except for a higher reported adherence to EBF beyond 3 months. Additionally, the intervention had no effect on EBF as measured by the DTM. Early introduction of non-breastmilk foods and liquids persisted, despite self-reported EBF extending up to 6 months postpartum.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04414527

背景:我们强烈建议在婴儿出生后的头 6 个月对其进行纯母乳喂养(EBF)。视频交流是一种可促进纯母乳喂养的创新方法。本研究旨在评估视频干预在促进婴儿出生至产后 6 个月期间母乳喂养做法的有效性。这项研究采用氧化氘剂量对母亲(DTM)技术,通过产妇报告以及婴儿 3 个月和 5 个月大时的母乳喂养情况进行评估:在分组随机社区试验中,16 个社区被分配接受基于视频的行为改变沟通(视频-健康)或标准保健信息(对照)。怀孕头三个月(12 ± 2 周)的孕妇和她们的婴儿都被纳入其中,并被随访至产后 6 个月。每月通过问卷调查收集所有参与者(508 人)的母乳喂养数据。在产后 3 个月和 5 个月时,使用 DTM 测量了 60 对母婴的母乳摄入量(HMI)和非母乳口服摄入量(NMOI)。混合模型和逻辑回归分别用于研究干预组和对照组在连续和离散母乳喂养方法上的差异:大多数母亲(92.1%)很早就开始了母乳喂养,82.4%的母亲报告了初乳喂养,17.5%的母亲提供了乳前喂养。视频健康干预组和对照组之间没有发现明显差异(p > 0.05)。干预明显提高了产后 4 个月和 5 个月的母乳喂养率(p < 0.05)。DTM 结果显示,在干预组,产后 3 个月和 5 个月时,实行母乳喂养的妇女比例均比报告的比例低 50%-67%。干预对产后 3 个月和 5 个月的 EBF 测量结果没有明显影响,但对 3 个月的 HMI 有一定改善。在 3 个月时,观察到 NMOI 没有明显差异,但在 5 个月时,研究臂之间存在明显差异:结论:基于视频的行为改变沟通并没有显著改善母乳喂养的实践,只是提高了 3 个月后母乳喂养的坚持率。此外,根据 DTM 测量,干预对母乳喂养没有影响。尽管自我报告的母乳喂养时间延长至产后6个月,但过早引入非母乳食物和液体的情况依然存在:试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT04414527
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and Issues in English Presentation Through Synchronous Online Conference Platforms in Higher Education 高等教育中通过同步在线会议平台进行英语演讲的挑战与问题
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9468486
Aisah Apridayani, Abdul Kamaruddin, Nootchanat Sukkaew

There remains a dearth of answers to certain inquiries regarding oral English presentations, despite the growing interest in this field in recent years. The current study examined Thai university students’ perspectives on their English presentation abilities, the difficulties they encounter when delivering English presentations in an online environment, and their preferred mode of presentation. They enrolled in a 12-week online course on English presentation and communication skills through the Zoom application. This study employed a qualitative methodology and utilized reflective writing from students in response to four open-ended questions that prompted respondents to consider their experiences. A thematic approach was applied to the reflective essays to identify recurring themes and patterns within the data. The findings of the analysis indicated that, overall, the students expressed the need for enhancement in their English presentation abilities. Furthermore, this research emphasized several challenges that students confronted when delivering online presentations, encompassing nonverbal communication, anxiety, the audience’s engagement, and addressing questions. Despite the apparent convenience of online presentations, they conveyed a preference for face-to-face presentations. Interaction, teacher and peer support, and a desire to become a professional presenter were the three factors that affected their preference. This study establishes a fundamental basis for subsequent investigations and proposes strategies that higher education instructors can implement to enhance their students’ English presentation skills.

尽管近年来人们对英语口语演讲的兴趣与日俱增,但有关这一领域的某些问题仍然缺乏答案。本研究调查了泰国大学生对其英语演讲能力的看法、他们在网络环境中进行英语演讲时遇到的困难以及他们喜欢的演讲方式。他们通过 Zoom 应用程序参加了为期 12 周的英语演讲和交流技能在线课程。本研究采用了定性研究方法,利用学生对四个开放式问题的反思性写作,促使受访者思考自己的经历。对反思性文章采用了主题方法,以确定数据中反复出现的主题和模式。分析结果表明,总体而言,学生们表示需要提高英语表达能力。此外,本研究还强调了学生在进行在线演讲时所面临的几项挑战,包括非语言交流、焦虑、听众的参与以及回答问题。尽管在线演讲显然很方便,但他们表示更喜欢面对面的演讲。互动、教师和同伴的支持以及成为专业演讲者的愿望是影响他们偏好的三个因素。本研究为后续调查奠定了基础,并提出了高等教育教师可以实施的提高学生英语演讲技能的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Visual Field Characteristics and Perceptual Processing in Peripheral Vision Between Virtual Reality and Real World 虚拟现实与真实世界周边视觉的视野特征和感知处理对比分析
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2845190
Dan Bürger, Marc-Kevin Schley, Hannes Loerwald, Stefan Pastel, Kerstin Witte

In various domains, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a valuable tool for simulating specific scenarios and facilitating training within controlled and secure conditions. As peripheral vision plays a crucial role in numerous contexts, it must be duly considered in VR simulations. However, while peripheral vision was examined in VR, comparisons between VR and the real world (RW) are rarely made. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing RW and VR reaction times (RTs) to peripheral visual stimuli and the field of view (FOV). This comparison is achieved using the peripheral perception-R (PP-R) of the Vienna Test System and a programmed virtual replica. The virtual replica underwent additional testing, revealing good reliability for RTs but only moderate to poor for measurements of the participant’s FOV. The comparison between the two environments indicates slower RTs to peripheral visual stimuli in VR than in RW. This observed discrepancy is consistent with the results of previous studies investigating RTs to foveal stimuli and can be partially explained by the latencies in the hardware and software configurations used. Nevertheless, the observed correlations between the RTs in both conditions suggest comparable visual processing within the peripheral visual field and affirm the decent replication of the real PP-R in VR. Overall, the study’s results support the usage of VR as a tool for practicing and examining specific scenarios, including peripheral vision. The discrepancies revealed in the RTs between VR and RW emphasize the need to continue examining hardware and software components in VR research.

在各个领域,虚拟现实(VR)已成为模拟特定场景和在受控和安全条件下促进培训的重要工具。由于周边视觉在许多情况下都起着至关重要的作用,因此在 VR 模拟中必须适当考虑周边视觉。然而,虽然在 VR 中对周边视觉进行了研究,但却很少将 VR 与真实世界(RW)进行比较。因此,本研究旨在比较 RW 和 VR 对周边视觉刺激和视野(FOV)的反应时间(RT)。这种比较是通过维也纳测试系统的周边感知-R(PP-R)和编程虚拟复制品来实现的。虚拟复制品还经过了额外的测试,结果显示,RT 的可靠性较好,但对被试视场角的测量结果却只有中等至较差的可靠性。两种环境的比较结果表明,在 VR 环境中对周围视觉刺激的反应时间比在 RW 环境中慢。观察到的这一差异与之前调查对眼窝刺激的反应时间的研究结果一致,部分原因可能是所使用的硬件和软件配置的延迟。尽管如此,在两种条件下观察到的反应时间之间的相关性表明,外围视野内的视觉处理过程具有可比性,并肯定了在 VR 中复制真实的 PP-R 的正确性。总之,研究结果支持使用 VR 作为练习和检查特定场景(包括周边视觉)的工具。VR 和 RW 在反应时间上的差异强调了在 VR 研究中继续检查硬件和软件组件的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
DarkOnto: An Ontology Construction Approach for Dark Web Community Discussions Through Topic Modeling and Ontology Learning DarkOnto:通过主题建模和本体学习为暗网社区讨论构建本体的方法
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7914028
Randa Basheer, Bassel Alkhatib

Social networks on the dark web are rich in data that provides valuable insight into the nature of the activities on the dark web and human behaviors related to these activities. It also encompasses a diversity of ideologies, interests, and thought patterns associated with illicit activities and businesses on the dark web. For this reason, social networks on the dark web constitute a powerful tool and a profuse data source for various investigative work. However, such investigations encounter considerable challenges related to the massive volumes of textual data, analyzing it effectively, and extracting knowledge from it. This knowledge can be used in various investigations and studies when representing it in ontologies as a unified and integrative data source. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for extracting and representing knowledge hidden in dark web communities through topic modeling and ontology learning methods. We start from the conceptual design of the ontology and employ several stages of text processing and analysis to achieve the desired knowledge graph, DarkOnto. These stages include data cleaning and preprocessing, topic modeling using correlated topic model (CTM), class-topic similarity estimation, ontology construction, ontology population, and ontology evaluation, where the proposed approach achieved high results. Furthermore, we discuss the results, limitations, challenges, and future work. This paper presents a promising approach for extracting hidden valuable knowledge from dark web communities where investigating and conceptualizing criminal communities can be conducted efficiently.

暗网社交网络中蕴含着丰富的数据,这些数据为深入了解暗网活动的性质以及与这些活动相关的人类行为提供了宝贵的信息。它还涵盖了与暗网非法活动和业务相关的各种意识形态、兴趣和思维模式。因此,暗网上的社交网络是各种调查工作的有力工具和大量数据来源。然而,此类调查在海量文本数据、有效分析这些数据以及从中提取知识方面遇到了相当大的挑战。如果将这些知识用本体表示出来,将其作为统一的综合数据源,就可以用于各种调查和研究。在本文中,我们介绍了一种通过主题建模和本体学习方法来提取和表示隐藏在暗网社区中的知识的新方法。我们从本体的概念设计入手,通过几个阶段的文本处理和分析来实现所需的知识图谱 DarkOnto。这些阶段包括数据清理和预处理、使用相关主题模型(CTM)进行主题建模、类-主题相似性估计、本体构建、本体填充和本体评估,其中所提出的方法取得了很高的成果。此外,我们还讨论了结果、局限性、挑战和未来工作。本文提出了一种从暗网社区中提取隐藏的有价值知识的有前途的方法,在这种方法中,可以高效地对犯罪社区进行调查和概念化。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Deep Learning–Based Models for Sociocultural African Food Recognition System 探索基于深度学习的非洲社会文化食物识别系统模型
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4443316
Grace Ataguba, Mona Alhasani, James Daniel, Emeka Ogbuju, Rita Orji

Food recognition, a field under food computing, has significantly promoted people’s dietary decision-making and culinary customs. We present the design and evaluation of a sociocultural app for African food recognition using deep learning models such as transfer learning. Deep learning models have multiple processing layers that make them robust in image recognition. Based on this capability of deep learning models, we explored them in this study. A total of 3142 food image datasets were collected from three African countries: Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon. Using the datasets, we developed and trained a deep learning model for recognizing African foods. The model attained a test accuracy of 94.5%. The model was further deployed in a food recognition app. To evaluate the predictive ability of the app, we recruited 16 participants who were interviewed and subsequently used the app in the wild for 7 days. In a comparative evaluation between the app and human recognition capabilities, we found that the app recognized 71% of the instances of food images generated by the participants and tested with the app, while the human evaluators (participants) could only recognize 56% of the food datasets. Participants were mostly able to recognize some foods from their own country. Furthermore, participants suggested some design features for the app. In view of this, we offer design recommendations for researchers and designers of sociocultural food recognition systems.

食物识别作为食物计算的一个领域,极大地促进了人们的饮食决策和饮食习俗。我们利用迁移学习等深度学习模型,设计并评估了一款用于非洲食物识别的社会文化应用程序。深度学习模型具有多个处理层,这使其在图像识别方面具有很强的鲁棒性。基于深度学习模型的这种能力,我们在本研究中对其进行了探索。我们从三个非洲国家共收集了 3142 个食品图像数据集:尼日利亚、加纳和喀麦隆。利用这些数据集,我们开发并训练了一个识别非洲食品的深度学习模型。该模型的测试准确率达到 94.5%。该模型被进一步部署到一款食品识别应用程序中。为了评估该应用的预测能力,我们招募了 16 名参与者,对他们进行了访谈,随后让他们在野外使用该应用 7 天。在对应用程序和人类识别能力的比较评估中,我们发现应用程序能够识别71%由参与者生成并通过应用程序进行测试的食物图像实例,而人类评估者(参与者)只能识别56%的食物数据集。参与者大多能识别出本国的一些食品。此外,参与者还为应用程序提出了一些设计建议。有鉴于此,我们为社会文化食物识别系统的研究人员和设计人员提供了一些设计建议。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Leading Countries in Conducting Artificial Intelligence Research 主要国家在开展人工智能研究方面的绩效比较分析
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1689353
Ahmed H. Al-Marzouqi, Alya A. Arabi

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly expanding field. Given the dynamic nature of AI research, staying up-to-date with this evolving landscape is imperative to guide the global race in this field. Using the world’s largest bibliometric database (SciVal/Scopus), we analyzed the research output of the top 15 countries in AI research productivity between the years 1998 and 2022. Over the past 25 years, the global research output in AI has increased by 26 folds, with China leading the way in the overall number of AI publications (~281,650 articles). During this period, China and India had the highest fold growth (~240–250) and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) (~25). However, when normalized to population size and gross domestic product (GDP), Singapore (250 AI publications per million capita) and India (7.7 AI publications per billion GDP) were the best performers in 2022, respectively. When normalized to the number of researchers and gross expenditures on research and development (GERD), again, India was the best with 36.8 AI publications per thousand researchers and 0.77 AI publications per million GERD in 2020. When the overall quality of AI publications over the past decade was considered, Hong Kong and Singapore performed the best with respect to publications in higher percentile journals (the top 1%, 5%, and 10% journals), and Switzerland performed the best with respect to citations/publication and field-weighted citation impact (FWCI). Finally, when the quality measures of publications were normalized to country or research metrics, the three best performers were Hong Kong, Singapore, and Switzerland (although India stood out for citations/GERD). These three countries (along with the United States) also had the highest economic impact as measured by the patent citations per scholarly output, which was aligned with the high FWCI values for these countries. Long-term strategies to help leading countries gain an advantage in the AI frontier have been discussed at the end of the manuscript. These strategies include government initiatives and financial support, talent creation and networking, public awareness, and mindful considerations of rules, guidelines, and ethics.

人工智能(AI)是一个快速发展的领域。鉴于人工智能研究的动态性质,要引导这一领域的全球竞赛,就必须跟上这一不断发展的形势。利用世界上最大的文献计量数据库(SciVal/Scopus),我们分析了 1998 年至 2022 年间人工智能研究产量排名前 15 位的国家的研究成果。在过去的 25 年中,全球人工智能研究成果增长了 26 倍,其中中国的人工智能论文总数(约 281650 篇)遥遥领先。在此期间,中国和印度的增长倍数(约 240-250 倍)和复合年增长率(约 25 倍)最高。然而,如果按照人口规模和国内生产总值(GDP)进行归一化处理,新加坡(每百万人均 250 篇人工智能论文)和印度(每十亿 GDP 7.7 篇人工智能论文)分别是 2022 年表现最好的国家。如果与研究人员数量和研发总支出(GERD)挂钩,印度的表现同样最好,2020 年每千名研究人员有 36.8 篇人工智能出版物,每百万 GERD 有 0.77 篇人工智能出版物。如果考虑到过去十年人工智能出版物的整体质量,香港和新加坡在高百分位数期刊(排名前 1%、5% 和 10%的期刊)上的出版物质量最好,瑞士在引文/出版物和领域加权引文影响(FWCI)方面的质量最好。最后,如果将出版物的质量衡量标准标准化为国家或研究指标,则表现最好的三个国家分别是香港、新加坡和瑞士(尽管印度在引文/GERD 方面表现突出)。这三个国家(连同美国)的经济影响力也是最高的,其衡量标准是每项学术成果的专利引用率,这与这些国家的 FWCI 高值是一致的。手稿末尾讨论了帮助领先国家在人工智能前沿领域获得优势的长期战略。这些战略包括政府举措和财政支持、人才培养和网络建设、公众意识以及对规则、准则和道德的审慎考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Heavy Users, Mobile Gamers, and Social Networkers: Patterns of Objective Smartphone Use in Parents of Infants and Associations With Parent Depression, Sleep, Parenting, and Problematic Phone Use 重度用户、手机游戏玩家和社交网络用户:婴儿父母客观使用智能手机的模式以及与父母抑郁、睡眠、养育子女和有问题的手机使用之间的关系
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3601969
Brandon T. McDaniel, Jenny Radesky, Jessica Pater, Adam M. Galovan, Annalise Harrison, Victor Cornet, Lauren Reining, Alexandria Schaller, Michelle Drouin

Smartphone use during parenting is common, which may lead to distraction (also known as technoference). However, it is likely that some phone activities are less disruptive to parents and children. In this study, we explored smartphone use (via passive sensing across 8 days) within 264 parents of infants, measuring parents’ application use on their phone (e.g., messaging, social media, mobile gaming, video chat) and phone use across contexts (e.g., during feeding and at bedtime). We utilized latent profile analysis to identify profiles of users, revealing five user types: Moderate User Social Networkers (37%), followed by Moderate User Gamers (20%), Moderate User Video Chatters (17%), Low Users (15%), and Heavy Users (11%). Parents varied in their use, from Low Users, who used their phone approximately 2.4 h each day, spent only 13% of their child time on their phone, and used their phone for about 18 min at bedtime, to Heavy Users, who spent approximately 8 h a day, about 50% of their child time on their phone, and about 1 h at bedtime. Heavy Users showed higher depressive symptoms and poorer sleep (although not poorer sleep than Moderate User Gamers). Surprisingly, we found no differences between groups in perceptions of parenting stress, responsiveness to their infant, or problematic phone use and distraction. We also explored demographic differences across groups. We call for future work to examine parent phone use more comprehensively and holistically and to view specific phone use activities as simultaneously interconnected with other types of use activities.

在育儿过程中使用智能手机很常见,这可能会导致分心(也称为技术性分心)。不过,有些手机活动对父母和孩子的干扰可能较小。在这项研究中,我们探讨了 264 位婴儿父母使用智能手机的情况(通过 8 天的被动感应),测量了父母在手机上使用应用程序的情况(例如,消息、社交媒体、手机游戏、视频聊天)以及不同情境下(例如,喂养期间和睡前)使用手机的情况。我们利用潜在特征分析来识别用户特征,发现了五种用户类型:中度用户社交网络用户(37%)、中度用户游戏用户(20%)、中度用户视频聊天用户(17%)、低度用户(15%)和重度用户(11%)。家长们使用手机的时间长短不一,低度使用者每天使用手机约 2.4 小时,孩子使用手机的时间仅占 13%,睡前使用手机约 18 分钟;而重度使用者每天使用手机约 8 小时,孩子使用手机的时间约占 50%,睡前使用手机约 1 小时。重度用户表现出较高的抑郁症状和较差的睡眠质量(尽管并不比中度用户游戏者的睡眠质量差)。令人惊讶的是,我们发现各组之间在对养育压力的感知、对婴儿的回应、手机使用问题和分心方面没有差异。我们还探讨了各组之间的人口统计学差异。我们呼吁今后的工作能更全面、整体地研究父母使用手机的情况,并将特定的手机使用活动与其他类型的使用活动同时视为相互关联的。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the World of Smart Prisons: Barriers, Trends, and Sustainable Solutions 探索智能监狱的世界:障碍、趋势和可持续解决方案
IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6158154
Ejo Imandeka, Panca Oktavia Hadi Putra, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Mufti Mahmud

The world of smart prisons is gaining momentum despite receiving limited attention due to the ability to maintain social order and reduce crime rates. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize the current knowledge of smart prisons, identify barriers to trend technologies, and provide valuable insights for practitioners, and policymakers. The systematic literature review (SLR) method by Kitchenham was used to collect data from Scopus from 2007 to 2023, which comprised 59 articles in the final phase. The high cost of smart technology, ineffective technology design, poor management, aging facilities, increased violence, ethical concerns, and lots more, were some of the barriers associated with the topic. The study highlights the need for targeted strategies, such as cost-benefit analyses, phased implementation, and comprehensive staff training, to overcome these barriers. The study also reveals varied approaches to smart prison adoption across countries, influenced by differences in economic resources and policy frameworks. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous evaluation, international collaboration, and adherence to ethical standards to sustain smart prison development. The result showed that smart prisons are important in the field of corrections.

智能监狱能够维护社会秩序、降低犯罪率,尽管关注度有限,但其发展势头迅猛。因此,本研究旨在综合当前有关智能监狱的知识,识别趋势技术的障碍,并为从业人员和政策制定者提供有价值的见解。研究采用了 Kitchenham 的系统文献综述(SLR)方法,从 Scopus 收集了 2007 年至 2023 年的数据,最后阶段共收集了 59 篇文章。智能技术的高成本、低效的技术设计、管理不善、设施老化、暴力事件增加、道德问题等等,都是与该主题相关的一些障碍。研究强调,要克服这些障碍,需要采取有针对性的策略,如成本效益分析、分阶段实施和全面的员工培训。研究还显示,受经济资源和政策框架差异的影响,各国采用智能监狱的方法各不相同。研究强调了持续评估、国际合作和遵守道德标准对维持智能监狱发展的重要性。研究结果表明,智能监狱在惩教领域非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
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