{"title":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine: What lies ahead for Canada?","authors":"S. Bélanger, D. Pedlar, Dianne Groll","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh.8.3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.8.3.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83258058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathrine S. Sullivan, Jessica Dodge, Yang-sun Park, Caroline Kale, J. Merrill, K. Clarke-Walper, C. Castro, L. Riviere
LAY SUMMARY Little is known about how military families navigate the challenges they experience during reintegration, the period after a deployment separation when a service member returns home and families must readjust to their presence. This study considers how family risk factors such as the mental health of both partners and protective factors such as social support and participation in military-sponsored training influence family adjustment during reintegration. Military spouses who reported having more social support were likely to report that their families adjusted more quickly during reintegration. However, spouses who expressed concern about a partner’s mental health were less likely to feel prepared for reintegration and, in turn, were more likely to report that their families adjusted more slowly. The results of this study suggest that supporting military spouses in feeling more prepared for reintegration may be an important means to shorten the adjustment period after a deployment.
{"title":"Predictors of reintegration adjustment among female U.S. Army spouses: A preliminary exploration","authors":"Kathrine S. Sullivan, Jessica Dodge, Yang-sun Park, Caroline Kale, J. Merrill, K. Clarke-Walper, C. Castro, L. Riviere","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0125","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Little is known about how military families navigate the challenges they experience during reintegration, the period after a deployment separation when a service member returns home and families must readjust to their presence. This study considers how family risk factors such as the mental health of both partners and protective factors such as social support and participation in military-sponsored training influence family adjustment during reintegration. Military spouses who reported having more social support were likely to report that their families adjusted more quickly during reintegration. However, spouses who expressed concern about a partner’s mental health were less likely to feel prepared for reintegration and, in turn, were more likely to report that their families adjusted more slowly. The results of this study suggest that supporting military spouses in feeling more prepared for reintegration may be an important means to shorten the adjustment period after a deployment.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83834942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serena Chin, Samantha Carlucci, H. McCuaig Edge, D. Lu
LAY SUMMARY This study compared the baseline physical and mental health of officer candidates attending military college and officer training programs (i.e., non-direct-entry officer or non-DEO stream) with those of officers entering through a direct stream (direct-entry officer or DEO stream). Overall, DEO candidates had better health than non-DEO candidates. Female DEO and non-DEO candidates also reported more physical activity than male DEO and non-DEO candidates, and female non-DEO candidates had more symptoms of mental illness than male non-DEO candidates. A better understanding of these groups may lead to opportunities to customize health screening and supports depending on officer entry stream and sex; however, more research is needed to inform policy.
{"title":"Health differences by entry stream among Canadian Armed Forces officer cadets","authors":"Serena Chin, Samantha Carlucci, H. McCuaig Edge, D. Lu","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0124","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY This study compared the baseline physical and mental health of officer candidates attending military college and officer training programs (i.e., non-direct-entry officer or non-DEO stream) with those of officers entering through a direct stream (direct-entry officer or DEO stream). Overall, DEO candidates had better health than non-DEO candidates. Female DEO and non-DEO candidates also reported more physical activity than male DEO and non-DEO candidates, and female non-DEO candidates had more symptoms of mental illness than male non-DEO candidates. A better understanding of these groups may lead to opportunities to customize health screening and supports depending on officer entry stream and sex; however, more research is needed to inform policy.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85425501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LAY SUMMARY This study looked at the use of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills group training with military personnel. DBT skills group training teaches coping skills to manage emotions; it has been well researched and used effectively with civilians and Veterans, but less is known about its use with military personnel. The General Mental Health (GMH) clinic receives a large volume of referrals for military personnel who have difficulty with coping skills and managing emotions. On the basis of previous research, a modified DBT skills group therapy program was developed for the clinic to offer an efficient, effective treatment program for these clients in this busy clinic. Military personnel may be a particularly good fit for this type of group-based treatment because they are familiar with working in small group settings. This treatment can also allow for a timelier return to work, minimizing interruptions to military deployments and operations. Study results showed that program participants had lower levels of depression and a greater ability to manage emotions and cope more effectively after the program. Treatment gains were largely maintained at 6-month follow-up. This research suggests that DBT skills group training may be an effective treatment for military personnel.
{"title":"Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military","authors":"Chimène Jewer, Ashleigh Forsyth","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY This study looked at the use of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills group training with military personnel. DBT skills group training teaches coping skills to manage emotions; it has been well researched and used effectively with civilians and Veterans, but less is known about its use with military personnel. The General Mental Health (GMH) clinic receives a large volume of referrals for military personnel who have difficulty with coping skills and managing emotions. On the basis of previous research, a modified DBT skills group therapy program was developed for the clinic to offer an efficient, effective treatment program for these clients in this busy clinic. Military personnel may be a particularly good fit for this type of group-based treatment because they are familiar with working in small group settings. This treatment can also allow for a timelier return to work, minimizing interruptions to military deployments and operations. Study results showed that program participants had lower levels of depression and a greater ability to manage emotions and cope more effectively after the program. Treatment gains were largely maintained at 6-month follow-up. This research suggests that DBT skills group training may be an effective treatment for military personnel.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84099090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgina Johnstone, Angela Joe, Marissa Dickins, J. Lowthian
LAY SUMMARY Military service has an impact on health and well-being across the life course. However, there is little research on older Veterans and dependants who use home care to enable them to remain living in the community. The authors analysed data from a Melbourne, Australia, home care organization’s electronic care records to explore the differences between clients supported by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs and clients in the general home nursing population. Results showed the greater needs of and complexity of care utilized by Veterans and dependants. Funding structures and support services need to account for these needs in older age.
{"title":"Use of home care services by older Veterans and dependants in Melbourne, Australia, 2007-2016","authors":"Georgina Johnstone, Angela Joe, Marissa Dickins, J. Lowthian","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0120","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Military service has an impact on health and well-being across the life course. However, there is little research on older Veterans and dependants who use home care to enable them to remain living in the community. The authors analysed data from a Melbourne, Australia, home care organization’s electronic care records to explore the differences between clients supported by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs and clients in the general home nursing population. Results showed the greater needs of and complexity of care utilized by Veterans and dependants. Funding structures and support services need to account for these needs in older age.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80330849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3138/jmvfh-2022-8-s2-01
H. Tien, Andrew Beckett
{"title":"Importance of research in a changing threat environment","authors":"H. Tien, Andrew Beckett","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-8-s2-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-8-s2-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larah Maunder, Emily Marriott, J. Katz, T. Salomons
LAY SUMMARY Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) servicemembers and Veterans with chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were surveyed. Participants with a high number of PTSD symptoms had a higher vulnerability to becoming psychologically traumatized by their chronic pain than participants with a low number of PTSD symptoms. In turn, participants with this high vulnerability reported experiencing more disability from their chronic pain than participants with a low vulnerability. In addition, participants with a high number of PTSD symptoms tended to have many catastrophic thoughts about their pain. In turn, these participants reported experiencing more disability from their chronic pain than participants with few catastrophic thoughts about their pain. PTSD may lead servicemembers and Veterans to experience high disability from their chronic pain by increasing how traumatized they feel by their pain and by increasing the number of catastrophic thoughts they have about their pain. Targeting pain-related psychological trauma symptoms and catastrophic thoughts when treating servicemembers and Veterans with chronic pain and PTSD may be effective at reducing disability from chronic pain.
{"title":"Mechanisms of heightened pain-related disability in CAF servicemembers and Veterans with comorbid chronic pain and PTSD","authors":"Larah Maunder, Emily Marriott, J. Katz, T. Salomons","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) servicemembers and Veterans with chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were surveyed. Participants with a high number of PTSD symptoms had a higher vulnerability to becoming psychologically traumatized by their chronic pain than participants with a low number of PTSD symptoms. In turn, participants with this high vulnerability reported experiencing more disability from their chronic pain than participants with a low vulnerability. In addition, participants with a high number of PTSD symptoms tended to have many catastrophic thoughts about their pain. In turn, these participants reported experiencing more disability from their chronic pain than participants with few catastrophic thoughts about their pain. PTSD may lead servicemembers and Veterans to experience high disability from their chronic pain by increasing how traumatized they feel by their pain and by increasing the number of catastrophic thoughts they have about their pain. Targeting pain-related psychological trauma symptoms and catastrophic thoughts when treating servicemembers and Veterans with chronic pain and PTSD may be effective at reducing disability from chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86588385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LAY SUMMARY Despite the importance of the mental and physical well-being of Canadian Forces Health Services (CFHS) personnel, research suggests they may be under-accessing care. A lot of research has looked at what factors prevent individuals from accessing care (i.e., barriers), but almost none examined what encourages individuals to access care (i.e., facilitators). In addition to examining which facilitators encourage CFHS personnel to access care, the study also examined whether facilitators directly impacted care-seeking behaviour, or whether they also indirectly influence behaviour by impacting general intentions to access care. Results showed that one’s health being a priority directly and indirectly influenced care-seeking for both mental and physical health issues. Having the support of senior leadership influenced intention to seek care for mental health issues. Easy access to care influenced intention to seek care for physical health issues. Ensuring CFHS personnel prioritize their own health, have the support of senior leadership, and easy access to care will help promote early access to care.
{"title":"Identifying facilitators of early access to care among Canadian Forces Health Services personnel","authors":"C. Frank, Jennifer Born","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0107","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Despite the importance of the mental and physical well-being of Canadian Forces Health Services (CFHS) personnel, research suggests they may be under-accessing care. A lot of research has looked at what factors prevent individuals from accessing care (i.e., barriers), but almost none examined what encourages individuals to access care (i.e., facilitators). In addition to examining which facilitators encourage CFHS personnel to access care, the study also examined whether facilitators directly impacted care-seeking behaviour, or whether they also indirectly influence behaviour by impacting general intentions to access care. Results showed that one’s health being a priority directly and indirectly influenced care-seeking for both mental and physical health issues. Having the support of senior leadership influenced intention to seek care for mental health issues. Easy access to care influenced intention to seek care for physical health issues. Ensuring CFHS personnel prioritize their own health, have the support of senior leadership, and easy access to care will help promote early access to care.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78611341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Vartanian, S. Rhind, A. Nakashima, C. Tenn, Timothy K. Lam, Maria Y Shiu, N. Caddy, Kristen King, Alexi Natale, R. Jetly
LAY SUMMARY There has been increasing interest in understanding the impact of blast exposure on health and performance in military members and Veterans. This phenomenon has proven difficult to study because personnel diagnosed with blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically also exhibit emotional difficulties such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), likely because the events that led to mTBI in theatre were also emotionally traumatic. In turn, this comorbidity makes it difficult to tease apart symptoms uniquely due to blast-induced mTBI or PTSD. Researchers have therefore explored surrogate settings wherein the effects of blast exposure can be assessed in an operationally realistic, yet scientifically more controlled manner, such as breacher and sniper training. To that aim, researchers administered a measure of post-concussive symptomatology and two mental health scales to breachers and snipers, as well as sex- and age-matched military controls. The breachers and snipers reported greater levels of post-concussive symptoms, but not poorer mental health outcomes. Therefore, post-concussive symptoms and mental health outcomes might be dissociable when the impact of repetitive exposure to low-level blast is assessed in the context of training and operations, rather than following warzone deployment involving primarily high-level blast exposure.
{"title":"Blast effects on post-concussive and mental health outcomes: Data from Canadian Armed Forces breachers and snipers","authors":"O. Vartanian, S. Rhind, A. Nakashima, C. Tenn, Timothy K. Lam, Maria Y Shiu, N. Caddy, Kristen King, Alexi Natale, R. Jetly","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0122","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY There has been increasing interest in understanding the impact of blast exposure on health and performance in military members and Veterans. This phenomenon has proven difficult to study because personnel diagnosed with blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically also exhibit emotional difficulties such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), likely because the events that led to mTBI in theatre were also emotionally traumatic. In turn, this comorbidity makes it difficult to tease apart symptoms uniquely due to blast-induced mTBI or PTSD. Researchers have therefore explored surrogate settings wherein the effects of blast exposure can be assessed in an operationally realistic, yet scientifically more controlled manner, such as breacher and sniper training. To that aim, researchers administered a measure of post-concussive symptomatology and two mental health scales to breachers and snipers, as well as sex- and age-matched military controls. The breachers and snipers reported greater levels of post-concussive symptoms, but not poorer mental health outcomes. Therefore, post-concussive symptoms and mental health outcomes might be dissociable when the impact of repetitive exposure to low-level blast is assessed in the context of training and operations, rather than following warzone deployment involving primarily high-level blast exposure.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78650392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LAY SUMMARY Assumptions for how the Canadian Armed Forces cares for injured soldiers on the battlefield may no longer hold true. Previous treatments were designed for counterinsurgency operations where Allied Forces dominated the air and land during operations. However, the recent fighting in Ukraine highlights the need to develop a doctrine for pre-hospital care on the battlefield for large-scale combat operations. In these operations, modern weapons are extremely lethal, and the casualty rate is extremely high. This review examines the development of tactical combat casualty care and the assumptions behind its treatment algorithms. It suggests changes need to be made to better support Canadian soldiers if fighting in large-scale combat operations.
{"title":"Medical support for future large-scale combat operations","authors":"H. Tien, Andrew Beckett","doi":"10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"LAY SUMMARY Assumptions for how the Canadian Armed Forces cares for injured soldiers on the battlefield may no longer hold true. Previous treatments were designed for counterinsurgency operations where Allied Forces dominated the air and land during operations. However, the recent fighting in Ukraine highlights the need to develop a doctrine for pre-hospital care on the battlefield for large-scale combat operations. In these operations, modern weapons are extremely lethal, and the casualty rate is extremely high. This review examines the development of tactical combat casualty care and the assumptions behind its treatment algorithms. It suggests changes need to be made to better support Canadian soldiers if fighting in large-scale combat operations.","PeriodicalId":36411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75435855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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