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Stretch to the Client; Re-imagining Interfaces 延伸到客户端;一次接口
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580212
Kay N. Wojtowicz, M. E. Cabrera
This paper presents the efforts made towards the creation of a client interface to be used with Hello-Robot Stretch. The goal is to create an interface that is accessible to allow for the best user experience. This interface enables users to control Stretch with basic commands through several modalities. To make this interface accessible, a simple and clear web interface was crafted so users of differing abilities can successfully interact with Stretch. A voice activated option was also added to further increase the range of possible interactions.
本文介绍了为创建与Hello-Robot Stretch一起使用的客户端界面所做的努力。目标是创建一个可访问的界面,以实现最佳的用户体验。该界面使用户能够通过几种方式控制基本命令的拉伸。为了使这个界面易于访问,设计了一个简单明了的web界面,以便不同能力的用户可以成功地与Stretch进行交互。还增加了语音激活选项,以进一步增加可能的交互范围。
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引用次数: 0
Practical Development of a Robot to Assist Cognitive Reconstruction in Psychiatric Day Care 辅助精神科日间护理认知重建机器人的实用开发
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580150
Takuto Akiyoshi, H. Sumioka, Hirokazu Kumazaki, Junya Nakanishi, Hirokazu Kato, M. Shiomi
One of the important roles of social robots is to support mental health through conversations with people. In this study, we focused on the column method to support cognitive restructuring, which is also used as one of the programs in psychiatric day care, and to help patients think flexibly and understand their own characteristics. To develop a robot that assists psychiatric day care patients in organizing their thoughts about their worries and goals through conversation, we designed the robot's conversation content based on the column method and implemented its autonomous conversation function. This paper reports on the preliminary experiments conducted to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of this prototype system in an actual psychiatric day care setting, and on the comments from participants in the experiments and day care staff.
社交机器人的重要作用之一是通过与人交谈来支持心理健康。在本研究中,我们重点研究了柱状方法来支持认知重构,这也是精神科日托的一个项目,帮助患者灵活思考,了解自己的特点。为了开发一个能够通过对话帮助精神科日托病人组织自己的担忧和目标的机器人,我们基于列法设计了机器人的对话内容,并实现了机器人的自主对话功能。本文报告了为评估和改进该原型系统在实际精神科日托环境中的有效性而进行的初步实验,以及实验参与者和日托工作人员的意见。
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引用次数: 0
Crowdsourcing Task Traces for Service Robotics 服务机器人的众包任务轨迹
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580112
David J. Porfirio, Allison Sauppé, M. Cakmak, Aws Albarghouthi, Bilge Mutlu
Demonstration is an effective end-user development paradigm for teaching robots how to perform new tasks. In this paper, we posit that demonstration is useful not only as a teaching tool, but also as a way to understand and assist end-user developers in thinking about a task at hand. As a first step toward gaining this understanding, we constructed a lightweight web interface to crowdsource step-by-step instructions of common household tasks, leveraging the imaginations and past experiences of potential end-user developers. As evidence of the utility of our interface, we deployed the interface on Amazon Mechanical Turk and collected 207 task traces that span 18 different task categories. We describe our vision for how these task traces can be operationalized as task models within end-user development tools and provide a roadmap for future work.
演示是一种有效的终端用户开发范例,用于教机器人如何执行新任务。在本文中,我们假定演示不仅是一种教学工具,而且是一种理解和帮助最终用户开发人员思考手头任务的方法。作为获得这种理解的第一步,我们构建了一个轻量级的web界面,以众包常见家庭任务的逐步说明,利用潜在的最终用户开发人员的想象力和过去的经验。为了证明这个接口的实用性,我们在Amazon Mechanical Turk上部署了这个接口,并收集了207个任务跟踪,涵盖了18个不同的任务类别。我们描述了如何将这些任务跟踪作为最终用户开发工具中的任务模型进行操作,并为未来的工作提供了路线图。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed Reality-based Exergames for Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation 基于混合现实的上肢机器人康复运动游戏
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580124
Nadia Vanessa Garcia Hernandez, S. Buccelli, M. Laffranchi, L. D. De Michieli
Robotic rehabilitation devices are showing strong potential for intensive, task-oriented, and personalized motor training. Integrating Mixed Reality (MR) technology and tangible objects in these systems allow the creation of attractive, stimulating, and personalized hybrid environments. Using a gamification approach, MR-based robotic training can increase patients' motivation, engagement, and experience. This paper presents the development of two Mixed Reality-based exergames to perform bimanual exercises assisted by a shoulder rehabilitation exoskeleton and using tangible objects. The system design was completed by adopting a user-centered iterative process. The system evaluates task performance and cost function metrics from the kinematic analysis of the hands' movement. A preliminary evaluation of the system is presented, which shows the correct operation of the system and the fact that it stimulates the desired upper limb movements.
机器人康复设备在强化、任务导向和个性化运动训练方面显示出强大的潜力。在这些系统中集成混合现实(MR)技术和有形对象,可以创建有吸引力、刺激和个性化的混合环境。使用游戏化方法,基于核磁共振的机器人训练可以提高患者的积极性、参与度和经验。本文介绍了两种基于混合现实的运动游戏的发展,以肩部康复外骨骼和使用有形物体辅助进行双手练习。采用以用户为中心的迭代过程完成系统设计。该系统从手部运动的运动学分析中评估任务性能和成本函数指标。对该系统进行了初步的评估,结果表明该系统的操作是正确的,并且能够刺激期望的上肢运动。
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引用次数: 0
Transfer Learning of Human Preferences for Proactive Robot Assistance in Assembly Tasks 主动机器人协助装配任务中人类偏好的迁移学习
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568162.3576965
Heramb Nemlekar, N. Dhanaraj, Angelos Guan, S. Gupta, S. Nikolaidis
We focus on enabling robots to proactively assist humans in assembly tasks by adapting to their preferred sequence of actions. Much work on robot adaptation requires human demonstrations of the task. However, human demonstrations of real-world assemblies can be tedious and time-consuming. Thus, we propose learning human preferences from demonstrations in a shorter, canonical task to predict user actions in the actual assembly task. The proposed system uses the preference model learned from the canonical task as a prior and updates the model through interaction when predictions are inaccurate. We evaluate the proposed system in simulated assembly tasks and in a real-world human-robot assembly study and we show that both transferring the preference model from the canonical task, as well as updating the model online, contribute to improved accuracy in human action prediction. This enables the robot to proactively assist users, significantly reduce their idle time, and improve their experience working with the robot, compared to a reactive robot.
我们专注于使机器人能够通过适应人类偏好的动作序列来主动协助人类完成组装任务。许多关于机器人适应的工作都需要人类的示范。然而,真实世界的程序集的人工演示既繁琐又耗时。因此,我们建议从较短的规范任务中的演示中学习人类偏好,以预测实际组装任务中的用户操作。该系统使用从规范任务中学习到的偏好模型作为先验,并在预测不准确时通过交互更新模型。我们在模拟装配任务和现实世界的人-机器人装配研究中对所提出的系统进行了评估,结果表明,从规范任务转移偏好模型以及在线更新模型都有助于提高人类行为预测的准确性。与被动机器人相比,这使得机器人能够主动帮助用户,大大减少他们的空闲时间,并改善他们与机器人一起工作的体验。
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引用次数: 0
A Multimodal Dataset for Robot Learning to Imitate Social Human-Human Interaction 机器人学习模仿社会人际互动的多模态数据集
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580080
Nguyen Tan Viet Tuyen, A. Georgescu, Irene Di Giulio, O. Çeliktutan
Humans tend to use various nonverbal signals to communicate their messages to their interaction partners. Previous studies utilised this channel as an essential clue to develop automatic approaches for understanding, modelling and synthesizing individual behaviours in human-human interaction and human-robot interaction settings. On the other hand, in small-group interactions, an essential aspect of communication is the dynamic exchange of social signals among interlocutors. This paper introduces LISI-HHI - Learning to Imitate Social Human-Human Interaction, a dataset of dyadic human inter- actions recorded in a wide range of communication scenarios. The dataset contains multiple modalities simultaneously captured by high-accuracy sensors, including motion capture, RGB-D cameras, eye trackers, and microphones. LISI-HHI is designed to be a benchmark for HRI and multimodal learning research for modelling intra- and interpersonal nonverbal signals in social interaction contexts and investigating how to transfer such models to social robots.
人类倾向于使用各种非语言信号向他们的互动伙伴传达他们的信息。先前的研究利用这一渠道作为开发自动方法的基本线索,用于理解、建模和合成人机交互和人机交互设置中的个人行为。另一方面,在小组互动中,交流的一个重要方面是对话者之间社会信号的动态交换。本文介绍了LISI-HHI - Learning to imitation Social human - human Interaction,这是一个记录在各种交流场景中的二元人类交互行为的数据集。该数据集包含由高精度传感器同时捕获的多种模式,包括动作捕捉、RGB-D相机、眼动仪和麦克风。lis - hhi旨在成为HRI和多模态学习研究的基准,用于对社会互动环境中的内部和人际非语言信号进行建模,并研究如何将这些模型转移到社交机器人中。
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引用次数: 2
Coming In! Communicating Lane Change Intent in Autonomous Vehicles 进来!自动驾驶汽车的变道意图沟通
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580113
Seong Hee Lee, Nicholas Britten, Avram Block, A. Pandya, Malte F. Jung, Paul Schmitt
Lane changes of autonomous vehicles (AV) should not only succeed in making the maneuver but also provide a positive interaction experience for other drivers. As lane changes involve complex interactions, identification of a set of behaviors for autonomous vehicle lane change communication can be difficult to define. This study investigates different movements communicating AV lane change intent in order to identify which effectively communicates and positively affects other drivers' decisions. We utilized a virtual reality environment wherein 14 participants were each placed in the driver's seat of a car and experienced four different AV lane change signals. Our findings suggest that expressive lane change behaviors such as lateral movement have high levels of legibility at the cost of high perceived aggressiveness. We propose further investigation into how balancing key parameters of lateral movement can balance in legibility and aggressiveness that provide the best AV interaction experience for human drivers
自动驾驶汽车(AV)的变道不仅要成功地进行机动,还要为其他驾驶员提供积极的交互体验。由于变道涉及复杂的相互作用,很难确定自动驾驶汽车变道通信的一系列行为。本研究调查了不同的自动驾驶汽车变道意图,以确定哪些动作能有效地沟通并积极影响其他司机的决定。我们利用了一个虚拟现实环境,其中14名参与者每人坐在一辆汽车的驾驶座上,体验四种不同的自动驾驶变道信号。我们的研究结果表明,表达性变道行为,如横向移动,具有高水平的易读性,以高感知攻击性为代价。我们建议进一步研究如何平衡横向运动的关键参数来平衡易读性和攻击性,从而为人类驾驶员提供最佳的自动驾驶交互体验
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引用次数: 1
The Influence of a Robot Recommender System on Impulse Buying Tendency 机器人推荐系统对冲动购买倾向的影响
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580171
Ching-Chih Tsao, Cheng-Yi Tang, Yu-Wen Chang, Y. Sung, S. Chien, Szu-Yin Lin
The present study examines the influences of a robot recommender system on human impulse buying tendency in online e-commerce contexts. An empirical user study was conducted, where different marketing strategies (limited quantity vs. discount rate) were applied to the products and intimate designs were utilized for the robotic agent. An electroencephalogram (EEG) headset was used to capture users' brain activities, which allowed us to investigate participants' real-time cognitive perceptions toward different experimental conditions (i.e., marketing plans and robotic agents). Our preliminary results reveal that marketing strategies and robot recommender applications can trigger impulsive buying behavior and contribute to different cognitive activities.
本研究考察了机器人推荐系统对在线电子商务环境下人类冲动购买倾向的影响。对用户进行了实证研究,对产品采用了不同的营销策略(限量vs折扣率),并对机器人代理采用了亲密设计。使用脑电图(EEG)耳机捕捉用户的大脑活动,这使我们能够调查参与者对不同实验条件(即营销计划和机器人代理)的实时认知感知。我们的初步研究结果表明,营销策略和机器人推荐应用程序可以触发冲动购买行为,并有助于不同的认知活动。
{"title":"The Influence of a Robot Recommender System on Impulse Buying Tendency","authors":"Ching-Chih Tsao, Cheng-Yi Tang, Yu-Wen Chang, Y. Sung, S. Chien, Szu-Yin Lin","doi":"10.1145/3568294.3580171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580171","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the influences of a robot recommender system on human impulse buying tendency in online e-commerce contexts. An empirical user study was conducted, where different marketing strategies (limited quantity vs. discount rate) were applied to the products and intimate designs were utilized for the robotic agent. An electroencephalogram (EEG) headset was used to capture users' brain activities, which allowed us to investigate participants' real-time cognitive perceptions toward different experimental conditions (i.e., marketing plans and robotic agents). Our preliminary results reveal that marketing strategies and robot recommender applications can trigger impulsive buying behavior and contribute to different cognitive activities.","PeriodicalId":36515,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83102773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
More Than a Number: A Multi-dimensional Framework For Automatically Assessing Human Teleoperation Skill 超过一个数字:一个多维的自动评估人类远程操作技能的框架
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580167
E. Jensen, Bradley Hayes, S. Sankaranarayanan
We present a framework for the formal evaluation of human teleoperator skill level in a systematic fashion, aiming to quantify how skillful a particular operator is for a well-defined task. Our proposed framework has two parts. First, the tasks used to evaluate skill levels are decomposed into a series of domain-specific primitives, each with a formal specification using signal temporal logic. Secondly, skill levels are automatically evaluated along multiple dimensions rather than a singular number. These dimensions include robustness, efficiency, resilience and readiness for each primitive task. We provide an initial evaluation for the task of taking-off, hovering, and landing in a drone simulator. This preliminary evaluation shows the value of a multi-dimensional evaluation of human operator performance.
我们提出了一个框架,以系统的方式对人类远程操作员的技能水平进行正式评估,旨在量化特定操作员对明确定义的任务的熟练程度。我们提出的框架有两个部分。首先,用于评估技能水平的任务被分解为一系列特定于领域的原语,每个原语都有使用信号时间逻辑的正式规范。其次,技能水平是根据多个维度自动评估的,而不是单一的数字。这些维度包括每个基本任务的健壮性、效率、弹性和准备程度。我们提供了一个初步的评估任务起飞,悬停,并在无人机模拟器着陆。这一初步评估显示了对人类操作员性能进行多维评估的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Transparent Value Alignment 透明值对齐
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580147
Lindsay M. Sanneman, J. Shah
As robots become increasingly prevalent in our communities, aligning the values motivating their behavior with human values is critical. However, it is often difficult or impossible for humans, both expert and non-expert, to enumerate values comprehensively, accurately, and in forms that are readily usable for robot planning. Misspecification can lead to undesired, inefficient, or even dangerous behavior. In the value alignment problem, humans and robots work together to optimize human objectives, which are often represented as reward functions and which the robot can infer by observing human actions. In existing alignment approaches, no explicit feedback about this inference process is provided to the human. In this paper, we introduce an exploratory framework to address this problem, which we call Transparent Value Alignment (TVA). TVA suggests that techniques from explainable AI (XAI) be explicitly applied to provide humans with information about the robot's beliefs throughout learning, enabling efficient and effective human feedback.
随着机器人在我们的社区中变得越来越普遍,使激励它们行为的价值观与人类价值观保持一致是至关重要的。然而,对于专家和非专家来说,要全面、准确地枚举值,并以易于用于机器人规划的形式枚举值,往往是困难或不可能的。错误的规范可能导致不期望的、低效的,甚至是危险的行为。在价值对齐问题中,人类和机器人共同努力优化人类的目标,这些目标通常表示为奖励函数,机器人可以通过观察人类的行为来推断。在现有的对齐方法中,没有向人类提供关于该推理过程的显式反馈。在本文中,我们引入了一个探索性框架来解决这个问题,我们称之为透明价值对齐(TVA)。TVA建议明确应用可解释人工智能(XAI)的技术,为人类提供有关机器人在学习过程中的信念的信息,从而实现高效和有效的人类反馈。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction
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