Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01278
B. Yin, Xiaorui Wu, Rong Lian
{"title":"An animal behavioral model for the concept of “Integrative Learning”","authors":"B. Yin, Xiaorui Wu, Rong Lian","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":"52 1","pages":"1278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01266
Wang Tangsheng, Yang Chunliang, Zhong Nian
{"title":"Forward testing effect on new learning in older adults","authors":"Wang Tangsheng, Yang Chunliang, Zhong Nian","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":"52 1","pages":"1266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01237
Wumei Liu, Zengguang Ma, Xuhua Wei
environment (utilitarian vs. hedonic), the reality of the context (virtual vs. real), and sources of research samples (western countries vs. eastern countries, students vs. non-students). To summarize, this paper makes several important theoretical advances. First, drawing on several psychological theories on individuals’ reactions to the crowding environment, this paper builds a relatively unified research framework on consumers’ reactions to crowding. More importantly, this paper also tests this framework via meta-analyzing the effects of social crowding and those of spatial crowding on consumers’ emotional reactions and shopping-related behavioral responses, respectively. The results suggest that the overall influence of crowding on individuals’ emotion and behavior is not as large as that reported in previous studies. Second, by examining the moderation effects of several situational and methodology-related factors, this paper is able to explain why prior literature on crowding has reported inconsistent findings. Finally, this meta-analysis work also puts forth several intriguing and testable future research opportunities. In addition to advancing theory, the current paper's findings also have practical implications. Companies and managers should consider reducing consumers’ spatial crowding perceptions of the shopping environment. However, it is not wise for firms to universally adopt a policy of decreasing consumers’ perceptions of pedestrian volume.
{"title":"A meta-analysis of the effect of crowding on consumers’ emotional reactions and shopping-related behavioral reactions","authors":"Wumei Liu, Zengguang Ma, Xuhua Wei","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01237","url":null,"abstract":"environment (utilitarian vs. hedonic), the reality of the context (virtual vs. real), and sources of research samples (western countries vs. eastern countries, students vs. non-students). To summarize, this paper makes several important theoretical advances. First, drawing on several psychological theories on individuals’ reactions to the crowding environment, this paper builds a relatively unified research framework on consumers’ reactions to crowding. More importantly, this paper also tests this framework via meta-analyzing the effects of social crowding and those of spatial crowding on consumers’ emotional reactions and shopping-related behavioral responses, respectively. The results suggest that the overall influence of crowding on individuals’ emotion and behavior is not as large as that reported in previous studies. Second, by examining the moderation effects of several situational and methodology-related factors, this paper is able to explain why prior literature on crowding has reported inconsistent findings. Finally, this meta-analysis work also puts forth several intriguing and testable future research opportunities. In addition to advancing theory, the current paper's findings also have practical implications. Companies and managers should consider reducing consumers’ spatial crowding perceptions of the shopping environment. However, it is not wise for firms to universally adopt a policy of decreasing consumers’ perceptions of pedestrian volume.","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01199
蒋宇宸, 蔡笑, 张清芳
{"title":"Theta band (4~8 Hz) oscillations reflect syllables processing in Chinese spoken word production","authors":"蒋宇宸, 蔡笑, 张清芳","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":"52 1","pages":"1199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48067268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01156
Wenbo Zhao, Yingjie Jiang, Zhiwei Wang, Jingyuan Hu
{"title":"Influence of encoding strength on the font size effect","authors":"Wenbo Zhao, Yingjie Jiang, Zhiwei Wang, Jingyuan Hu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":"52 1","pages":"1156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46623469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01224
Luo Yijun, Niu Gengfeng, Chen Hong
According to life history theory, organisms face necessary trade-offs in allocating limited energy and resources between somatic effort and reproductive effort How an individual allocates resources to cope with survival and reproductive tasks reflects their life history strategies In unpredictable environments, individuals tend to invest more in reproductive efforts and prioritize immediate payoffs because the future is uncertain, and the delayed benefits may not be available later Food may be considered an immediate reward and overeating may more likely occur among people living in unpredictable environments Our research investigated how early life environmental unpredictability affects overeating and the underlying mechanism between the association Study 1 recruited 91 adolescent participants and utilized the Eating in the Absence of Hunger protocol (EAH) Participants were randomly assigned either to the “hunger” or “absence of hunger” groups Both groups completed a food portion choice task Participants were presented with photographs of 36 food types (18 high-calorie and 18 low-calorie), where participants chose their desired food portion on each picture from 0 (none) to 4 (four portions) Results indicated that the hunger state could moderate the effects of early life environmental unpredictability on overeating Specifically, (a)in hunger state, environmental unpredictability was not associated with selected high-calorie/unhealthy food portion, while participants living in high environmental unpredictability selected more high-calorie/unhealthy food portion than those living in low environmental unpredictability, i e , overeating;(b)in hunger state, participants living in high environmental unpredictability selected less low-calorie/healthy food portion than those living in low environmental unpredictability, while in the absence of hunger state, environmental unpredictability was not associated with selected low-calorie/healthy food portion Hence, our results, on the one hand, supported the initial hypothesis that early life environmental unpredictability could promote overeating in the absence of hunger state On the other hand, our findings demonstrated that individuals in the hunger state would be more impulsive, selecting less healthy food Study 2 examined differences in overeating between participants with high and low perceived death threat states The former group was comprised of 301 community residents from Wuhan City, the epicenter of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak The latter group was comprised of 179 community residents from the 42 other cities in China Participants completed questionnaires regarding early life environmental unpredictability, fast life history strategy (Mini-K), overeating, perceived death threat, and social support Results indicated that early life environmental unpredictability may affect overeating through the mediating role of fast life history strategies Moreover, perceived death threat and so
{"title":"Early life environmental unpredictability and overeating: Based on life history theory","authors":"Luo Yijun, Niu Gengfeng, Chen Hong","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01224","url":null,"abstract":"According to life history theory, organisms face necessary trade-offs in allocating limited energy and resources between somatic effort and reproductive effort How an individual allocates resources to cope with survival and reproductive tasks reflects their life history strategies In unpredictable environments, individuals tend to invest more in reproductive efforts and prioritize immediate payoffs because the future is uncertain, and the delayed benefits may not be available later Food may be considered an immediate reward and overeating may more likely occur among people living in unpredictable environments Our research investigated how early life environmental unpredictability affects overeating and the underlying mechanism between the association Study 1 recruited 91 adolescent participants and utilized the Eating in the Absence of Hunger protocol (EAH) Participants were randomly assigned either to the “hunger” or “absence of hunger” groups Both groups completed a food portion choice task Participants were presented with photographs of 36 food types (18 high-calorie and 18 low-calorie), where participants chose their desired food portion on each picture from 0 (none) to 4 (four portions) Results indicated that the hunger state could moderate the effects of early life environmental unpredictability on overeating Specifically, (a)in hunger state, environmental unpredictability was not associated with selected high-calorie/unhealthy food portion, while participants living in high environmental unpredictability selected more high-calorie/unhealthy food portion than those living in low environmental unpredictability, i e , overeating;(b)in hunger state, participants living in high environmental unpredictability selected less low-calorie/healthy food portion than those living in low environmental unpredictability, while in the absence of hunger state, environmental unpredictability was not associated with selected low-calorie/healthy food portion Hence, our results, on the one hand, supported the initial hypothesis that early life environmental unpredictability could promote overeating in the absence of hunger state On the other hand, our findings demonstrated that individuals in the hunger state would be more impulsive, selecting less healthy food Study 2 examined differences in overeating between participants with high and low perceived death threat states The former group was comprised of 301 community residents from Wuhan City, the epicenter of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak The latter group was comprised of 179 community residents from the 42 other cities in China Participants completed questionnaires regarding early life environmental unpredictability, fast life history strategy (Mini-K), overeating, perceived death threat, and social support Results indicated that early life environmental unpredictability may affect overeating through the mediating role of fast life history strategies Moreover, perceived death threat and so","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44886050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01178
Luan Mo, Wu Shuang, Li Hong
{"title":"The relationship between anticipated communication and creativity: Moderating role of construal level","authors":"Luan Mo, Wu Shuang, Li Hong","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":"52 1","pages":"1178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01143
Gao Xiaolei, Liao Xiaowei, Sun Min, Bai Xuejun, Gao Lei
In the process of reading, readers mainly obtain information through the fovea region—in particular, the parafovea plays an important role in information acquisition. Readers can obtain certain information from the parafovea through previewing processing, thus promoting the improvement of reading efficiency, which is called the “previewing effect”. The effect of the processing load of the fovea on the previewing effect of parafovea has become a popular research focus of late. For example, studies based on alphabetic languages have found that the previewing effect of the parafovea is greater for high-frequency and short words than for low-frequency and the long words. While Tibetan is an analphabetic language, it also belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and has many similarities with Chinese. However, it is still largely unclear how to reflect the above role in the process of Tibetan reading. Will it only show the common characters of alphabetic languages or will it show some Chinese characteristics? The present study aimed to provide experimental evidence to respond to these research questions. Two experiments were carried out on 119 Tibetan undergraduate students. More specifically, participants were asked to read Tibetan sentences and their eye movements during reading were recorded using an SR Research EyeLink 1000Plus eye tracker (sampling rate = 1000 Hz). Experiment 1 manipulated the fovea word frequency (i.e., high vs. low frequency) to investigate the word frequency effect and word frequency delay effect of fovea words in Tibetan reading. The results showed a word frequency effect and a word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading. Experiment 2 manipulated both fovea word frequency and parafovea previewing word types with the aid of boundary paradigm to investigate the previewing effect of parafovea and the effect of fovea word frequency on the previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading. The results showed a previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading and that, when compared with low-frequency fovea words, high-frequency fovea words had a greater promoting effect on the previewing effect of parafovea. The primary findings can be summarized as follows: (1) significant word frequency effect exists in Tibetan reading, which is reflected in the whole process of vocabulary processing; (2) there is a significant word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading, which runs through the whole process of vocabulary processing; (3) there is a significant previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading, through which the reader can extract speech and font information; and (4) in Tibetan reading, fovea word frequency affects the size of the previewing effect of parafovea—moreover, word frequency only affects the extraction of shape previewing information in the early stage of lexical processing, that is, the previewing effect of high-frequency words is greater under the condition of shape previewing. In conclusion, the effect of
在阅读过程中，读者主要通过中央凹区域获取信息，其中旁中央凹在信息获取中起着重要作用。读者可以通过预习处理从旁视信息中获得一定的信息，从而促进阅读效率的提高，这就是“预习效应”。中央凹加工负荷对副中央凹预视效果的影响是近年来研究的热点。例如，基于字母语言的研究发现，对高频和短单词的预习效果比对低频和长单词的预习效果更大。虽然藏语是一种字母语言，但它也属于汉藏语系，与汉语有许多相似之处。然而，如何在藏文阅读过程中体现上述作用，在很大程度上仍不清楚。它只显示字母语言的通用字符还是显示一些中国特色?本研究旨在为这些研究问题提供实验证据。对119名藏族大学生进行了两项实验。更具体地说，参与者被要求阅读藏语句子，并使用SR Research EyeLink 1000Plus眼动仪(采样率= 1000 Hz)记录他们在阅读过程中的眼球运动。实验1通过操纵中央凹词频(即高频和低频)来研究藏文阅读中中央凹词的词频效应和词频延迟效应。结果表明，在藏语阅读中存在词频效应和词频延迟效应。实验2利用边界范式对中央凹词频和旁中央凹预览词类型进行操作，考察藏文阅读中旁中央凹的预览效果以及中央凹词频对旁中央凹预览效果的影响。结果显示，藏文阅读中旁中央凹具有预习作用，且与低频中央凹词相比，高频中央凹词对旁中央凹的预习效果有更大的促进作用。结果表明:(1)藏语阅读存在显著的词频效应，并体现在词汇加工的整个过程中;(2)藏文阅读存在显著的词频延迟效应，其贯穿于词汇加工的全过程;(3)藏文阅读中，旁视波具有显著的预习作用，读者可以通过旁视波提取语音和字体信息;(4)藏文阅读中，中央凹词频影响副中央凹预习效果的大小，而且词频只影响词汇加工早期形状预习信息的提取，即在形状预习条件下高频词的预习效果更大。综上所述，中央窝加工负荷对副中央窝预习效果的影响显示了藏文阅读中字母语言的共同特征。此外，本研究发现，阅读藏文涉及词频延迟效应和旁视预览效应;这些发现支持了E-Z阅读器模型的副中央序列处理理论。
{"title":"The word frequency effect of fovea and its effect on the preview effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading","authors":"Gao Xiaolei, Liao Xiaowei, Sun Min, Bai Xuejun, Gao Lei","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01143","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of reading, readers mainly obtain information through the fovea region—in particular, the parafovea plays an important role in information acquisition. Readers can obtain certain information from the parafovea through previewing processing, thus promoting the improvement of reading efficiency, which is called the “previewing effect”. The effect of the processing load of the fovea on the previewing effect of parafovea has become a popular research focus of late. For example, studies based on alphabetic languages have found that the previewing effect of the parafovea is greater for high-frequency and short words than for low-frequency and the long words. While Tibetan is an analphabetic language, it also belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and has many similarities with Chinese. However, it is still largely unclear how to reflect the above role in the process of Tibetan reading. Will it only show the common characters of alphabetic languages or will it show some Chinese characteristics? The present study aimed to provide experimental evidence to respond to these research questions. Two experiments were carried out on 119 Tibetan undergraduate students. More specifically, participants were asked to read Tibetan sentences and their eye movements during reading were recorded using an SR Research EyeLink 1000Plus eye tracker (sampling rate = 1000 Hz). Experiment 1 manipulated the fovea word frequency (i.e., high vs. low frequency) to investigate the word frequency effect and word frequency delay effect of fovea words in Tibetan reading. The results showed a word frequency effect and a word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading. Experiment 2 manipulated both fovea word frequency and parafovea previewing word types with the aid of boundary paradigm to investigate the previewing effect of parafovea and the effect of fovea word frequency on the previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading. The results showed a previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading and that, when compared with low-frequency fovea words, high-frequency fovea words had a greater promoting effect on the previewing effect of parafovea. The primary findings can be summarized as follows: (1) significant word frequency effect exists in Tibetan reading, which is reflected in the whole process of vocabulary processing; (2) there is a significant word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading, which runs through the whole process of vocabulary processing; (3) there is a significant previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading, through which the reader can extract speech and font information; and (4) in Tibetan reading, fovea word frequency affects the size of the previewing effect of parafovea—moreover, word frequency only affects the extraction of shape previewing information in the early stage of lexical processing, that is, the previewing effect of high-frequency words is greater under the condition of shape previewing. In conclusion, the effect of ","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46933604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01189
Wang Lijun, Suo Tao, Zhao Guoxiang
control, the time-frequency analysis is conducted in this experiment. It has been suggested that the alpha band (8-14 Hz) reflects the trial-by-trial behavioral adjustment. Thus, alpha power is chosen as the neural indicator. As a result, the post-error reaction time indicated two dissociated behavior patterns with speeding up following aware errors and slowing down following unaware errors. However, accuracy in trials following aware and unaware errors was significantly higher than for trials following correct go. At the neural level, alpha (−500 to 500 ms) power was stronger for aware errors than for unaware errors. Moreover, the alpha was activated before the subjective report of error awareness for aware errors, but the alpha was activated after the subjective report of error awareness for unaware errors. Current behavioral results showed that aware and unaware errors both successfully optimized post-error performance, but the two error types adopted different methods to adjust post-error behaviors. The time-frequency analysis revealed that aware errors led to sustained attention control after responses, but unaware errors led to temporary attention control induced by the subjective report of error awareness. Therefore, these findings might suggest that the adjustments following aware errors were based on a strategy such as proactive control, whereas the adjustments following unaware errors were based on a strategy such as reactive control.
{"title":"The influence of unaware errors on post-error adjustment: Evidence from electrophysiological analysis","authors":"Wang Lijun, Suo Tao, Zhao Guoxiang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01189","url":null,"abstract":"control, the time-frequency analysis is conducted in this experiment. It has been suggested that the alpha band (8-14 Hz) reflects the trial-by-trial behavioral adjustment. Thus, alpha power is chosen as the neural indicator. As a result, the post-error reaction time indicated two dissociated behavior patterns with speeding up following aware errors and slowing down following unaware errors. However, accuracy in trials following aware and unaware errors was significantly higher than for trials following correct go. At the neural level, alpha (−500 to 500 ms) power was stronger for aware errors than for unaware errors. Moreover, the alpha was activated before the subjective report of error awareness for aware errors, but the alpha was activated after the subjective report of error awareness for unaware errors. Current behavioral results showed that aware and unaware errors both successfully optimized post-error performance, but the two error types adopted different methods to adjust post-error behaviors. The time-frequency analysis revealed that aware errors led to sustained attention control after responses, but unaware errors led to temporary attention control induced by the subjective report of error awareness. Therefore, these findings might suggest that the adjustments following aware errors were based on a strategy such as proactive control, whereas the adjustments following unaware errors were based on a strategy such as reactive control.","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44315543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01168
Xiaowei Geng, D. Liu, Yanhua Niu
In experiment 1, a total of 240 undergraduates were assigned to play an ultimatum game as proposers and asked to predict how they would feel when their proposals were accepted or rejected by responders. At random, they were told their proposals were accepted or rejected. As soon as they knew the result, they were asked to report how they felt. Before the ultimatum game began, participants were randomly assigned to view pictures of The Thinker to prime analytical thinking or geometric figures as a control condition. The results showed that analytical thinking reduced impact bias in affective forecasting by reducing the intensity of predicted emotions. In experiment 2, a total of 52 undergraduates took part in a memory test. They were asked to predict how they would feel if their score on a memory test exceeded 90% or not before they took the test. As soon as they knew the result that they did not exceed 90%, they were asked to report how they felt. Before taking the memory test, participants were randomly assigned to perform a verbal fluency task with words related to analytical thinking to prime analytical thinking or to a verbal fluency task with words not related to analytical thinking as a control condition. The results showed that analytical thinking reduced impact bias in affective forecasting by reducing the intensity of predicted emotions. In experiment 3, a total of 111 women who had only one child were asked to predict how they would feel if they had a second. Before predicting their feelings, they were randomly assigned to view pictures of The Thinker to prime analytical thinking or geometric figures as a control condition. Results showed that analytical thinking reduced the positive affect of having the second child but not the negative affect of having the second child. In sum, the present research shows that analytical thinking reduces impact bias in affective forecasting by reducing the intensity of predicted emotions. It can help us reduce impact bias in affective forecasting when making decisions and promote satisfaction with those decisions. Limitations and further research are here discussed as well.
{"title":"Analytical thinking reduces impact bias in affective forecast","authors":"Xiaowei Geng, D. Liu, Yanhua Niu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01168","url":null,"abstract":"In experiment 1, a total of 240 undergraduates were assigned to play an ultimatum game as proposers and asked to predict how they would feel when their proposals were accepted or rejected by responders. At random, they were told their proposals were accepted or rejected. As soon as they knew the result, they were asked to report how they felt. Before the ultimatum game began, participants were randomly assigned to view pictures of The Thinker to prime analytical thinking or geometric figures as a control condition. The results showed that analytical thinking reduced impact bias in affective forecasting by reducing the intensity of predicted emotions. In experiment 2, a total of 52 undergraduates took part in a memory test. They were asked to predict how they would feel if their score on a memory test exceeded 90% or not before they took the test. As soon as they knew the result that they did not exceed 90%, they were asked to report how they felt. Before taking the memory test, participants were randomly assigned to perform a verbal fluency task with words related to analytical thinking to prime analytical thinking or to a verbal fluency task with words not related to analytical thinking as a control condition. The results showed that analytical thinking reduced impact bias in affective forecasting by reducing the intensity of predicted emotions. In experiment 3, a total of 111 women who had only one child were asked to predict how they would feel if they had a second. Before predicting their feelings, they were randomly assigned to view pictures of The Thinker to prime analytical thinking or geometric figures as a control condition. Results showed that analytical thinking reduced the positive affect of having the second child but not the negative affect of having the second child. In sum, the present research shows that analytical thinking reduces impact bias in affective forecasting by reducing the intensity of predicted emotions. It can help us reduce impact bias in affective forecasting when making decisions and promote satisfaction with those decisions. Limitations and further research are here discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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