Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01452
Fen Luo, Xiaoqing Wang, Yan Cai, TU Dongbo
{"title":"A new dual-objective CD-CAT item selection method based on the Gini index","authors":"Fen Luo, Xiaoqing Wang, Yan Cai, TU Dongbo","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":"52 1","pages":"1452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41565529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01365
Jie Chen, Yi Zhou, Jie Chen
Inhibitory control, a fundamental component of executive function, refers to the ability to control one’s attention and suppress internal and external interferences effectively to achieve the setting targets. It plays a crucial role in allowing us to adapt to the environment, and serves as a basis of other cognitive functions, such as reasoning, planning and learning. Moreover, several psychiatric disorders, such as addictions, attention deficit hyperactivity and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been shown to involve deficits in inhibitory control. Thus, establishing ways in which inhibitory control can be improved constitutes an important issue for psychologist and medical scientist. In recent years, musical training has been suggested to be associated with improved executive functions, such as inhibitory control. However, the overall findings in these studies have been mixed. While some studies indicated a positive relationship between musical training and inhibitory control, other studies showed no facilitative effect of musical training. Importantly, however, inhibitory control is not a single function, but can be divided into response inhibition and interference control. Previous studies that assessed the relationship between musical training and inhibitory control failed to investigate these two separate components within the same experiment. Furthermore, its underlying neural mechanism remain elusive. Based on these considerations, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between musical training and inhibitory control through the Go/No-go (response inhibition) and Stroop (interference control) tasks by using event-related-potentials (ERPs). Experiments were carried room, approximately minutes. the Go/No-go task, participants press a keyboard button in response to white shapes (Go trials, 75%), while they had to inhibit responding to purple shapes (No-go trials, 25%). Each stimulus presented for 500 ms with an interstimulus interval of 1000 ms. The experiment consisted of 320 trials, presented in a random order. Performance was evaluated using a Signal Detection approach by calculating perceptual sensitivity via: d ′ = z (No-go hit rate) – z (Go false alarm rate). Higher d’ values indicate better response inhibition. In the Stroop task, participants were presented with Chinese color words (red, green, blue, yellow), printed in different colors. Stimuli were divided into word-color consistent trails (congruent, 50%) and word-color inconsistent trails (incongruent, 50%). A stimulus was presented for 1000 ms with a random interstimulus interval of 1000~1500 ms. Participants had to name the color in which the word was presented without paying attention to the word’s meaning. The experiment consisted of 240 trials, presented in a random order. The difference between accuracy in the congruent and the incongruent conditions is referred to as Stroop interference effect. Smaller effects are indicative of better interference control. Th
{"title":"The relationship between musical training and inhibitory control: An ERPs study","authors":"Jie Chen, Yi Zhou, Jie Chen","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01365","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitory control, a fundamental component of executive function, refers to the ability to control one’s attention and suppress internal and external interferences effectively to achieve the setting targets. It plays a crucial role in allowing us to adapt to the environment, and serves as a basis of other cognitive functions, such as reasoning, planning and learning. Moreover, several psychiatric disorders, such as addictions, attention deficit hyperactivity and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been shown to involve deficits in inhibitory control. Thus, establishing ways in which inhibitory control can be improved constitutes an important issue for psychologist and medical scientist. In recent years, musical training has been suggested to be associated with improved executive functions, such as inhibitory control. However, the overall findings in these studies have been mixed. While some studies indicated a positive relationship between musical training and inhibitory control, other studies showed no facilitative effect of musical training. Importantly, however, inhibitory control is not a single function, but can be divided into response inhibition and interference control. Previous studies that assessed the relationship between musical training and inhibitory control failed to investigate these two separate components within the same experiment. Furthermore, its underlying neural mechanism remain elusive. Based on these considerations, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between musical training and inhibitory control through the Go/No-go (response inhibition) and Stroop (interference control) tasks by using event-related-potentials (ERPs). Experiments were carried room, approximately minutes. the Go/No-go task, participants press a keyboard button in response to white shapes (Go trials, 75%), while they had to inhibit responding to purple shapes (No-go trials, 25%). Each stimulus presented for 500 ms with an interstimulus interval of 1000 ms. The experiment consisted of 320 trials, presented in a random order. Performance was evaluated using a Signal Detection approach by calculating perceptual sensitivity via: d ′ = z (No-go hit rate) – z (Go false alarm rate). Higher d’ values indicate better response inhibition. In the Stroop task, participants were presented with Chinese color words (red, green, blue, yellow), printed in different colors. Stimuli were divided into word-color consistent trails (congruent, 50%) and word-color inconsistent trails (incongruent, 50%). A stimulus was presented for 1000 ms with a random interstimulus interval of 1000~1500 ms. Participants had to name the color in which the word was presented without paying attention to the word’s meaning. The experiment consisted of 240 trials, presented in a random order. The difference between accuracy in the congruent and the incongruent conditions is referred to as Stroop interference effect. Smaller effects are indicative of better interference control. Th","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46882561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been much interest in boundary spanning behavior recently. The existing studies about boundary spanning behavior focus on its positive outcome from the perspective of social network. In the decades, research has consistently demonstrated that the boundary spanning behavior produces a wide array of positive outcomes for team and organizations. However, scholars recently found that the boundary spanning behavior have negative outcoms for individuals. Based on the conservation of resources theory (COR), we examined the double-edged sword effect of boundary spanning behavior on creativity on different levels, the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions. To test the proposed theoretical model, we used multi-waves and multi-source research design. The data was collected from the dyads employees and supervisors in the enterprise. At time 1, boundary spanning behavior, role stress, and role breadth self-efficacy were measured. These variables were rated by employees. About one month later, we asked leaders to rate employees’ creativity. These variables were assessed by mature scales. A total of 536 employees (90.32%) and 111 leaders (82.22%) responded to our survey. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and average variance extracted (AVE) were conducted to assess the discriminant validity and convergence validity of the key variables. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used to test the hypothsis and the Monte Carlo simulation procedures by the open-source software R to test mediation effects. The results showed that in the team level, team boundary spanning behavior had significantly positive effect on team creativity (β = 0.18, p < 0.05), but in the
近年来，人们对边界跨越行为产生了浓厚的兴趣。现有的跨界行为研究主要从社会网络的角度关注跨界行为的积极结果。在过去的几十年里，研究一直表明，跨界行为会给团队和组织带来一系列积极的结果。然而，学者们最近发现，跨界行为对个体有负面影响。基于资源守恒理论，研究了跨界行为在不同层次上对创造力的双刃剑效应、中介机制和边界条件。为了验证提出的理论模型，我们采用了多波和多源的研究设计。数据是从企业的两名员工和主管那里收集的。时间1时，测量边界跨越行为、角色压力和角色广度自我效能感。这些变量由员工打分。大约一个月后，我们请领导给员工的创造力打分。这些变量采用成熟量表进行评估。共有536名员工(90.32%)和111名领导(82.22%)参与了我们的调查。采用验证性因子分析(CFA)和平均方差提取(AVE)来评估关键变量的判别效度和收敛效度。采用多水平结构方程模型(MSEM)对假设进行检验，并利用开源软件R进行蒙特卡罗模拟程序对中介效应进行检验。结果表明，在团队层面，团队边界跨越行为对团队创造力有显著的正向影响(β = 0.18, p < 0.05)
{"title":"The cross-level double-edged-sword effect of boundary-spanning behavior on creativity","authors":"Jinqiang Zhu, Shiyong Xu, Jinyi Zhou, Bainan Zhang, Fangfang Xu, Boqiang Zong","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01340","url":null,"abstract":"There has been much interest in boundary spanning behavior recently. The existing studies about boundary spanning behavior focus on its positive outcome from the perspective of social network. In the decades, research has consistently demonstrated that the boundary spanning behavior produces a wide array of positive outcomes for team and organizations. However, scholars recently found that the boundary spanning behavior have negative outcoms for individuals. Based on the conservation of resources theory (COR), we examined the double-edged sword effect of boundary spanning behavior on creativity on different levels, the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions. To test the proposed theoretical model, we used multi-waves and multi-source research design. The data was collected from the dyads employees and supervisors in the enterprise. At time 1, boundary spanning behavior, role stress, and role breadth self-efficacy were measured. These variables were rated by employees. About one month later, we asked leaders to rate employees’ creativity. These variables were assessed by mature scales. A total of 536 employees (90.32%) and 111 leaders (82.22%) responded to our survey. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and average variance extracted (AVE) were conducted to assess the discriminant validity and convergence validity of the key variables. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used to test the hypothsis and the Monte Carlo simulation procedures by the open-source software R to test mediation effects. The results showed that in the team level, team boundary spanning behavior had significantly positive effect on team creativity (β = 0.18, p < 0.05), but in the","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01352
Zhu Zhenzhong, Li Xiaojun, Liu Fu, Haipeng Chen
recruit 302 participants for this study. The results provide support for the moderating effect of product type. Specifically, we find that, regardless of self-construal, all consumers prefer a utilitarian product with lower appearance novelty, but prefer a hedonic product with higher appearance novelty. In addition, these effects are mediated by consumer needs for uniqueness and perceptions of social risks. In summary, the results of three studies provide convergent evidence for an interaction between self-construal and product visual novelty on consumers' purchase intention, the moderating effect of product type, and the underlying mechanism due to consumer needs for uniqueness and social risk perceptions.
{"title":"How visual novelty affects consumer purchase intention: The moderating effects of self-construal and product type","authors":"Zhu Zhenzhong, Li Xiaojun, Liu Fu, Haipeng Chen","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01352","url":null,"abstract":"recruit 302 participants for this study. The results provide support for the moderating effect of product type. Specifically, we find that, regardless of self-construal, all consumers prefer a utilitarian product with lower appearance novelty, but prefer a hedonic product with higher appearance novelty. In addition, these effects are mediated by consumer needs for uniqueness and perceptions of social risks. In summary, the results of three studies provide convergent evidence for an interaction between self-construal and product visual novelty on consumers' purchase intention, the moderating effect of product type, and the underlying mechanism due to consumer needs for uniqueness and social risk perceptions.","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46542217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01327
Wang Tianhong, Chen Yuqi, LU Jingyi
In many social comparisons, people know exactly how they and others do. These comparisons induce a self–other gap. A variety of important decisions are made on the basis of judgments of the gap between ourselves and other people. Existing research indicates biased judgments of self–other gaps, with unknown absolute performance of others. However, the question we are interested in is whether judgments of a self–other gap will be accurate when both absolute performance of oneself and others are specified. This research investigated how the self– other gap was shaped by absolute and relative performances. We proposed the generalization effect, in which individuals generalized their absolute performance to rate their relative position to others though the actual self–other gap was specified. We conducted seven studies ( N = 2766) to test our proposed generalization effect on perceived self–other gap. Study 1 adopted a 2 (absolute performance: gain or loss) × 2 (relative performance: gain or loss) between-subjects design. The participants, who were informed their performance as well as their classmate’s performance in a test, rated the gap between themselves and the classmate. The result indicated that absolute gain caused a larger perceived self–other gap for relative gain (“I am far ahead of her”) than for relative loss (“I am not far behind her”). Conversely, absolute loss caused a larger perceived self–other gap for relative loss (“I am far behind her”) than for relative gain (“I am not far behind her”).
{"title":"The generalization effect in gap evaluation: How large is the gap between you and me?","authors":"Wang Tianhong, Chen Yuqi, LU Jingyi","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01327","url":null,"abstract":"In many social comparisons, people know exactly how they and others do. These comparisons induce a self–other gap. A variety of important decisions are made on the basis of judgments of the gap between ourselves and other people. Existing research indicates biased judgments of self–other gaps, with unknown absolute performance of others. However, the question we are interested in is whether judgments of a self–other gap will be accurate when both absolute performance of oneself and others are specified. This research investigated how the self– other gap was shaped by absolute and relative performances. We proposed the generalization effect, in which individuals generalized their absolute performance to rate their relative position to others though the actual self–other gap was specified. We conducted seven studies ( N = 2766) to test our proposed generalization effect on perceived self–other gap. Study 1 adopted a 2 (absolute performance: gain or loss) × 2 (relative performance: gain or loss) between-subjects design. The participants, who were informed their performance as well as their classmate’s performance in a test, rated the gap between themselves and the classmate. The result indicated that absolute gain caused a larger perceived self–other gap for relative gain (“I am far ahead of her”) than for relative loss (“I am not far behind her”). Conversely, absolute loss caused a larger perceived self–other gap for relative loss (“I am far behind her”) than for relative gain (“I am not far behind her”).","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44977330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01313
Yingting Han, Hengfu Wen, S. Cheng, Chungan Zhang, Xin Li
of perceived discrimination, type of participants, and gender. According to the meta-analysis, the perception of discrimination and mental health of immigrant children were closely related. Identifying the mechanism of discrimination perception and mental health is necessary, and then helping migrant children to recover from their psychological predicament, and actively addressing the negative effects of perceived discrimination. Particular attention should be given to the relationship between perception of discrimination and positive mental health, and further protection should be ensured for migrant children at the junior secondary level.
{"title":"Relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health of migrant children: A meta-analysis of Chinese students","authors":"Yingting Han, Hengfu Wen, S. Cheng, Chungan Zhang, Xin Li","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01313","url":null,"abstract":"of perceived discrimination, type of participants, and gender. According to the meta-analysis, the perception of discrimination and mental health of immigrant children were closely related. Identifying the mechanism of discrimination perception and mental health is necessary, and then helping migrant children to recover from their psychological predicament, and actively addressing the negative effects of perceived discrimination. Particular attention should be given to the relationship between perception of discrimination and positive mental health, and further protection should be ensured for migrant children at the junior secondary level.","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45859147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
complete mediation role in the relationship between testosterone and aggressive behavior (i.e. variability a complete mediation role in the prediction of AQCV total score, physical aggression subscale score, and anger subscale score. Peak TL-BSNEGATIVE played a complete mediation role in the prediction of verbal aggression subscale score by testosterone). (2) Cortisol moderated the relationship between testosterone and attention bias toward hostile More at a high cortisol level, attention avoidance (Peak TL-BSNEGATIVE) and variability, thereby reducing the aggression level. However, the mediation effect of attention bias toward hostile stimuli was not significant at a low cortisol level. Based on the dual-hormone hypothesis and social information processing theory, the present study examined a moderated mediating model in a sample of juvenile offenders with antisocial tendency using the perspectives of biological hormone and social information processing in aggressive behaviors. The present study revealed a potential development mechanism of aggressive behaviors in juvenile offenders and thus provides an empirical foundation for hormone-based interventions against aggressive behaviors in juvenile offenders. Finally, on the basis of the mediation and moderation effects of biological hormones on aggressive behavior, the present study indicates that increasing attention avoidance and the cortisol level for juvenile offenders with antisocial tendency might help reduce their aggressive violence.
{"title":"Testosterone and aggressive behavior in juvenile offenders with antisocial tendency: The mediation effect of hostile attention bias and the moderation effect of cortisol","authors":"Zhihong Ren, Ziyi Zhao, Xianglian Yu, Chunxiao Zhao, Lin Zhang, Yuzhong Lin, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01288","url":null,"abstract":"complete mediation role in the relationship between testosterone and aggressive behavior (i.e. variability a complete mediation role in the prediction of AQCV total score, physical aggression subscale score, and anger subscale score. Peak TL-BSNEGATIVE played a complete mediation role in the prediction of verbal aggression subscale score by testosterone). (2) Cortisol moderated the relationship between testosterone and attention bias toward hostile More at a high cortisol level, attention avoidance (Peak TL-BSNEGATIVE) and variability, thereby reducing the aggression level. However, the mediation effect of attention bias toward hostile stimuli was not significant at a low cortisol level. Based on the dual-hormone hypothesis and social information processing theory, the present study examined a moderated mediating model in a sample of juvenile offenders with antisocial tendency using the perspectives of biological hormone and social information processing in aggressive behaviors. The present study revealed a potential development mechanism of aggressive behaviors in juvenile offenders and thus provides an empirical foundation for hormone-based interventions against aggressive behaviors in juvenile offenders. Finally, on the basis of the mediation and moderation effects of biological hormones on aggressive behavior, the present study indicates that increasing attention avoidance and the cortisol level for juvenile offenders with antisocial tendency might help reduce their aggressive violence.","PeriodicalId":36627,"journal":{"name":"心理学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48796642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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