Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2023.2210975
Hainu Jiang
ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, the use of newly published medieval Chinese epitaphs has informed our knowledge of society, culture and religion during the Tang Dynasty. There are only seven sporadic records of noble women’s Chan Practice in the Quan Tangwen 全唐文 [Compendium of Tang Prose Writings]. However, newly published epitaphs have greatly increased the number of these kinds of records available for scholars to study. In this article, the author compiles 90 records of noble women’s Chan practice from Quan Tangwen and newly (up to 2022) published epitaphic collections, studies noble women’s family backgrounds, life experiences, Chan practice and funeral arrangements, and discusses some important issues of Chan history in the Tang Dynasty, including the relationship between Chan Buddhism and women, historical facts of Shenxiu 神秀 (606[?]–706) and other chief Chan masters, and the influence of some Chan patriarchs. In addition, this article proposes the concept of Luoyang Chan 洛陽禪. The comprehensive research presented in this article will supplement, revise and enrich the scholarly understanding of Early Chan Buddhism and the history of Chan Buddhism in the eighth century.
{"title":"Value of epitaphic literature on Tang dynasty Chan history: case studies of Chan practices by aristocratic women","authors":"Hainu Jiang","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2023.2210975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2023.2210975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, the use of newly published medieval Chinese epitaphs has informed our knowledge of society, culture and religion during the Tang Dynasty. There are only seven sporadic records of noble women’s Chan Practice in the Quan Tangwen 全唐文 [Compendium of Tang Prose Writings]. However, newly published epitaphs have greatly increased the number of these kinds of records available for scholars to study. In this article, the author compiles 90 records of noble women’s Chan practice from Quan Tangwen and newly (up to 2022) published epitaphic collections, studies noble women’s family backgrounds, life experiences, Chan practice and funeral arrangements, and discusses some important issues of Chan history in the Tang Dynasty, including the relationship between Chan Buddhism and women, historical facts of Shenxiu 神秀 (606[?]–706) and other chief Chan masters, and the influence of some Chan patriarchs. In addition, this article proposes the concept of Luoyang Chan 洛陽禪. The comprehensive research presented in this article will supplement, revise and enrich the scholarly understanding of Early Chan Buddhism and the history of Chan Buddhism in the eighth century.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43787408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2023.2210977
Qing Chang
ABSTRACT The Trubner stele, a large Chinese Buddhist stele displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, is carved from grayish black limestone and commemorates the building of a Buddhist monastery in Qi county, Henan province, China. According to the inscription, it is dated 533 to 543 C.E. It was named after the art dealer Jorg Trubner (1902?-1930) who acquired the stele for the museum in 1929. Engraved in high relief, the stele contains numerous images, including the preaching Buddha with attendants, pictorial representation of the Vimalakirti Sutra, donor figures, small seated Buddha niches, spirit guardian kings, grooms and lions. Because of the excellent craftsmanship of the stele and the complexity of the composition, it has been referred to by previous scholars as a monumental, antique work now preserved in the West. However, some scholars doubt its authenticity, and, in this case, the leading scholar is Wai-kam Ho who published his article in 1999, since when the stele has been the subject of considerable controversy. In this article, focusing on Ho’s arguments, I compared this stele to other dated steles and images, considering textual sources, thematic content, iconography and style, and I have come to the conclusion that this stele is genuine.
摘要：特鲁布纳石碑是大都会艺术博物馆展出的一块大型中国佛教石碑，由灰黑色石灰石雕刻而成，以纪念中国河南省杞县的一座佛教寺院。根据铭文，它的年代为公元前533年至543年。它是以1929年为博物馆获得这块石碑的艺术品经销商Jorg Trubner（1902？-1930）的名字命名的。碑上雕刻着高浮雕，包含了许多图像，包括有侍从的传教佛、《维摩诘经》的图像、供像、小坐佛龛、护神王、马夫和狮子。由于石碑的工艺精湛，构图复杂，以前的学者认为它是一件不朽的古董作品，现在保存在西方。然而，一些学者怀疑它的真实性，在这种情况下，领先的学者是1999年发表文章的Wai kam Ho，从那时起，这块石碑就一直备受争议。本文以何的论点为中心，从文本来源、题材内容、图像和风格等方面，将此碑与其他年代久远的石碑和图像进行比较，得出此碑为真迹的结论。
{"title":"Re-thinking the Trübner stele: pictorial forms and authenticity","authors":"Qing Chang","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2023.2210977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2023.2210977","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Trubner stele, a large Chinese Buddhist stele displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, is carved from grayish black limestone and commemorates the building of a Buddhist monastery in Qi county, Henan province, China. According to the inscription, it is dated 533 to 543 C.E. It was named after the art dealer Jorg Trubner (1902?-1930) who acquired the stele for the museum in 1929. Engraved in high relief, the stele contains numerous images, including the preaching Buddha with attendants, pictorial representation of the Vimalakirti Sutra, donor figures, small seated Buddha niches, spirit guardian kings, grooms and lions. Because of the excellent craftsmanship of the stele and the complexity of the composition, it has been referred to by previous scholars as a monumental, antique work now preserved in the West. However, some scholars doubt its authenticity, and, in this case, the leading scholar is Wai-kam Ho who published his article in 1999, since when the stele has been the subject of considerable controversy. In this article, focusing on Ho’s arguments, I compared this stele to other dated steles and images, considering textual sources, thematic content, iconography and style, and I have come to the conclusion that this stele is genuine.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2023.2171648
Daigo Isshiki
ABSTRACT While the study of Buddhism at universities in Japan since the Meiji period (1868–1912)—transplanted as a modern institution—produced many results using a critical and rational approach to Buddhist texts, many scholars of Buddhism, who were also Buddhists, were challenged to reconcile their own belief systems with those of Japanese Buddhism, which existed outside of the texts. In this context, Taiken Kimura 木村泰賢 and Hakuju Ui 宇井伯寿, both professors at Tokyo Imperial University, attempted to bridge the gap between primitive Buddhist studies and beliefs, or between objectivity and subjectivity, using the concepts of bodhisattva way 菩薩道 and a Zen tradition beyond the written words of scripture 教外別伝 as a framework for Buddhist studies, respectively. Therefore, although their research was always in consideration of its academic significance and did not directly link their belief and scholarship, they can be placed in the history of Buddhist thought.
{"title":"The modern Buddhist studies of Zen priests at Tokyo Imperial University: considering perspectives on original Buddhism","authors":"Daigo Isshiki","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2023.2171648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2023.2171648","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the study of Buddhism at universities in Japan since the Meiji period (1868–1912)—transplanted as a modern institution—produced many results using a critical and rational approach to Buddhist texts, many scholars of Buddhism, who were also Buddhists, were challenged to reconcile their own belief systems with those of Japanese Buddhism, which existed outside of the texts. In this context, Taiken Kimura 木村泰賢 and Hakuju Ui 宇井伯寿, both professors at Tokyo Imperial University, attempted to bridge the gap between primitive Buddhist studies and beliefs, or between objectivity and subjectivity, using the concepts of bodhisattva way 菩薩道 and a Zen tradition beyond the written words of scripture 教外別伝 as a framework for Buddhist studies, respectively. Therefore, although their research was always in consideration of its academic significance and did not directly link their belief and scholarship, they can be placed in the history of Buddhist thought.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48966147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2023.2171651
T. Ogawa
ABSTRACT Under the common premise that everyone has buddha-nature (foxing 佛性) and original mind (benxin 本心), there are different ways of thinking about how to relate one’s ‘original self’ as a buddha to one’s living, physical ‘actual self’. There are four types of thought in the history of Tang-Song Chan Buddhism. The first is the so-called ‘Northern’ Chan 北宗禪, which seeks to overcome the ‘actual self’ and restore the ‘original self’ through seated meditation. The second is the Mazu 馬祖 (709–788) lineage of Chan, which treats the two as one. The third type of Chan is the Shitou 石頭 (710–790) lineage which, while criticizing the Mazu lineage, grasps the relationship between the two as one and one as two. The fourth is Dahui’s 大慧 (1089–1163) kanhua chan 看話禪 (Chan of Phrase-observing), which returns to the first type of thought and adds the new technique of koan 公案 to it. They each had a strong influence on Medieval Japanese Zen Buddhism, with Bankei 盤珪 (1622–1693) inheriting the second type, the Sōtō 曹洞 school inheriting the third type, Hakuin 白隱 (1686–1769) inheriting the fourth type, and Dōgen 道元 (1200–1253)—in order to transcend both the second and the fourth types—producing a unique reflection on the honshō myōshu 本證妙修 (‘Wondrous cultivation in fundamental realization’).
{"title":"The intellectual history of Chan Buddhism in the Tang and Song Dynasties and Japanese Zen: borrowing the perspective of D.T. Suzuki","authors":"T. Ogawa","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2023.2171651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2023.2171651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Under the common premise that everyone has buddha-nature (foxing 佛性) and original mind (benxin 本心), there are different ways of thinking about how to relate one’s ‘original self’ as a buddha to one’s living, physical ‘actual self’. There are four types of thought in the history of Tang-Song Chan Buddhism. The first is the so-called ‘Northern’ Chan 北宗禪, which seeks to overcome the ‘actual self’ and restore the ‘original self’ through seated meditation. The second is the Mazu 馬祖 (709–788) lineage of Chan, which treats the two as one. The third type of Chan is the Shitou 石頭 (710–790) lineage which, while criticizing the Mazu lineage, grasps the relationship between the two as one and one as two. The fourth is Dahui’s 大慧 (1089–1163) kanhua chan 看話禪 (Chan of Phrase-observing), which returns to the first type of thought and adds the new technique of koan 公案 to it. They each had a strong influence on Medieval Japanese Zen Buddhism, with Bankei 盤珪 (1622–1693) inheriting the second type, the Sōtō 曹洞 school inheriting the third type, Hakuin 白隱 (1686–1769) inheriting the fourth type, and Dōgen 道元 (1200–1253)—in order to transcend both the second and the fourth types—producing a unique reflection on the honshō myōshu 本證妙修 (‘Wondrous cultivation in fundamental realization’).","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48700155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2023.2171650
Jian-Xia Li
ABSTRACT Jan Yün-hua is an internationally renowned scholar who has conducted exquisite research in the fields of Buddhist studies, Chan Studies, Dunhuang Studies, and Daoist Studies, among which Chinese Buddhism in particular is renowned. This paper discusses the life of Jan Yün-hua, his academic achievements, and his exploration of ‘transformation of Buddhism from India to China’ in three aspects. This paper argues that during his decades of academic career, Jan has focused on the ambitious academic goal of ‘the transformation of Buddhism from India to China and its process,’ which is the original purpose of his Buddhist studies and the theme of his lifelong exploration. According to Jan, the core idea of Chinese Buddhism, the idea of ‘one mind’, was formed in the eighth century. This idea was first established by Chengguan and finally completed by Zongmi and Yanshou. The concept of ‘one mind’ was first propagated by Tiantai, then supplemented and enriched by Huayan Buddhism, and after the incubation of the unification of meditation and doctrines, and the addition of Chan Buddhism, it became the mainstream development of Chinese Buddhism, and finally became the core thought of Chinese Buddhism.
Jan Yun-hua文摘是一个国际知名学者开展了精美的佛教研究领域的研究中,陈研究敦煌研究,中国佛教和道教研究,其中尤其著名。本文从三个方面论述了Jan yn -hua的生平、学术成就以及他对“佛教从印度传入中国”的探索。本文认为，在他几十年的学术生涯中，他一直专注于“佛教从印度到中国的转变及其过程”这一雄心勃勃的学术目标，这是他研究佛教的初衷，也是他一生探索的主题。根据Jan的说法，中国佛教的核心思想，“一心”的思想，形成于8世纪。这一思想最早由城管提出，最后由宗密和延寿完成。“一心”思想先由天台传播，再由华严佛教加以补充和丰富，经过禅法合一的孵化，加上禅宗的加入，成为中国佛教发展的主流，最终成为中国佛教的核心思想。
{"title":"On Jan Yün-hua’s (Ran Yunhua 冉雲華 [1923-2018]) scholarship in Chinese Buddhism","authors":"Jian-Xia Li","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2023.2171650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2023.2171650","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jan Yün-hua is an internationally renowned scholar who has conducted exquisite research in the fields of Buddhist studies, Chan Studies, Dunhuang Studies, and Daoist Studies, among which Chinese Buddhism in particular is renowned. This paper discusses the life of Jan Yün-hua, his academic achievements, and his exploration of ‘transformation of Buddhism from India to China’ in three aspects. This paper argues that during his decades of academic career, Jan has focused on the ambitious academic goal of ‘the transformation of Buddhism from India to China and its process,’ which is the original purpose of his Buddhist studies and the theme of his lifelong exploration. According to Jan, the core idea of Chinese Buddhism, the idea of ‘one mind’, was formed in the eighth century. This idea was first established by Chengguan and finally completed by Zongmi and Yanshou. The concept of ‘one mind’ was first propagated by Tiantai, then supplemented and enriched by Huayan Buddhism, and after the incubation of the unification of meditation and doctrines, and the addition of Chan Buddhism, it became the mainstream development of Chinese Buddhism, and finally became the core thought of Chinese Buddhism.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48565966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2023.2211414
Lucas A. Wolf
{"title":"Knotting the Banner: ritual and relationship in Daoist practice","authors":"Lucas A. Wolf","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2023.2211414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2023.2211414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2022.2092339
Wenli Fan
{"title":"A History of Chinese Buddhist Faith and Life","authors":"Wenli Fan","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2022.2092339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2022.2092339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46836118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2022.2092340
B. McGuire
{"title":"Occupy This Body: A Buddhist Memoir","authors":"B. McGuire","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2022.2092340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2022.2092340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2022.2116856
Jacopo Scarin
ABSTRACT This article studies the Longmen Daoist communities of the Jiangnan area during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and it focuses especially on the social networks established there in the context of ritual training. The common representation of Quanzhen Daoists, including that of the Longmen branch, describes them as eminently interested in self-cultivation. This idea is not unfounded, but the analysis of coeval sources, produced both within and outside the Daoist milieus, reveals that those Daoists were also proficient ritualists. More importantly, ritual training within these communities appears to have sometimes relied on Daoist masters initiated both into the Longmen and the Zhengyi traditions as liturgical teachers for other Longmen Daoists. The second part of the article expands the focus of the study, suggesting the existence of a link between the regional liturgical traditions of Jiangnan and the broader religious landscape of late imperial China, effectively connecting the ritual curriculum of Longmen Daoists with court Daoism.
{"title":"Social and ritual networks in Southeast China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries","authors":"Jacopo Scarin","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2022.2116856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2022.2116856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article studies the Longmen Daoist communities of the Jiangnan area during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and it focuses especially on the social networks established there in the context of ritual training. The common representation of Quanzhen Daoists, including that of the Longmen branch, describes them as eminently interested in self-cultivation. This idea is not unfounded, but the analysis of coeval sources, produced both within and outside the Daoist milieus, reveals that those Daoists were also proficient ritualists. More importantly, ritual training within these communities appears to have sometimes relied on Daoist masters initiated both into the Longmen and the Zhengyi traditions as liturgical teachers for other Longmen Daoists. The second part of the article expands the focus of the study, suggesting the existence of a link between the regional liturgical traditions of Jiangnan and the broader religious landscape of late imperial China, effectively connecting the ritual curriculum of Longmen Daoists with court Daoism.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46823216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2022.2116852
G. Raz
ABSTRACT Daoist ritual during the three centuries between the early Celestial Master community and the systemization of ritual and textual canon in the fifth century by Lu Xiujing was aniconic. The ritual protocols of the Celestial Master community and of the Lingbao scriptures simply had no use or place for iconic imagery. This remains the case in the Daoist compendium Wushang biyao 無上秘要, compiled at the behest of emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou in the late 570s. Yet, statues are an integral part of Daoist ritual as presented in the early seventh century ritual compendium Sandong fengdao kejie 三洞奉道科戒. Where and when did Daoist statues appear? How were they accepted and incorporated into orthodox Daoist ritual? This article traces the introduction of statues and iconic imagery into Daoist ritual and the changes in ritual practice entailed by the use of iconic imagery.
{"title":"The introduction of anthropomorphic imagery in Daoist Ritual","authors":"G. Raz","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2022.2116852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2022.2116852","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Daoist ritual during the three centuries between the early Celestial Master community and the systemization of ritual and textual canon in the fifth century by Lu Xiujing was aniconic. The ritual protocols of the Celestial Master community and of the Lingbao scriptures simply had no use or place for iconic imagery. This remains the case in the Daoist compendium Wushang biyao 無上秘要, compiled at the behest of emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou in the late 570s. Yet, statues are an integral part of Daoist ritual as presented in the early seventh century ritual compendium Sandong fengdao kejie 三洞奉道科戒. Where and when did Daoist statues appear? How were they accepted and incorporated into orthodox Daoist ritual? This article traces the introduction of statues and iconic imagery into Daoist ritual and the changes in ritual practice entailed by the use of iconic imagery.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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