Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230417112919
B. Sreenivas, N. Chandana, J. Sai Chandra, T. Ch. Anil Kumar, Sumanta Bhattacharya, M. Kalyan Chakravarthi
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials play an important role in many industries because of their amazing optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and structural capabilities. The current study focuses on the production of ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic dye degradation activities, and three types of ZnO nanoparticles are prepared: pure ZnO nanocrystals extracted through chemical and biological route and Ag2O doped ZnO nanoparticles. The average particle size of chemically produced ZnO nanocrystals was predicted to be 34 nm, and SEM examination validated the creation of ZnO nanorods-like structure from chemical technique, which exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity. X-ray diffraction study of Ag2O/ZnO nanoparticles revealed a hexagonal shape. The average particle size was determined to be between 16 and 17 nm. The findings of the SEM examination also revealed that the produced Ag2O doped ZnO nanoparticles agglomerated in hexagonal forms and adhered as bulks and rods that increased with the amount of Ag nanofluids. As a result, it is determined that agglomerated Ag2O/ZnO nanoparticles with hexagonal and rod structures operate as an efficient photocatalytic agent. It is obvious that 25 ml of Ag2O nanofluid doped with ZnO produces an excellent photocatalyst for organic dye degradation and is appropriate for large-scale applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of ZnO, ZnO Doped Ag2O Nanoparticles and its Photocatalytic Activity","authors":"B. Sreenivas, N. Chandana, J. Sai Chandra, T. Ch. Anil Kumar, Sumanta Bhattacharya, M. Kalyan Chakravarthi","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230417112919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230417112919","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials play an important role in many industries because of their amazing optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and structural capabilities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study focuses on the production of ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic dye degradation activities, and three types of ZnO nanoparticles are prepared: pure ZnO nanocrystals extracted through chemical and biological route and Ag2O doped ZnO nanoparticles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The average particle size of chemically produced ZnO nanocrystals was predicted to be 34 nm, and SEM examination validated the creation of ZnO nanorods-like structure from chemical technique, which exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity. X-ray diffraction study of Ag2O/ZnO nanoparticles revealed a hexagonal shape.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The average particle size was determined to be between 16 and 17 nm. The findings of the SEM examination also revealed that the produced Ag2O doped ZnO nanoparticles agglomerated in hexagonal forms and adhered as bulks and rods that increased with the amount of Ag nanofluids. As a result, it is determined that agglomerated Ag2O/ZnO nanoparticles with hexagonal and rod structures operate as an efficient photocatalytic agent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It is obvious that 25 ml of Ag2O nanofluid doped with ZnO produces an excellent photocatalyst for organic dye degradation and is appropriate for large-scale applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84128261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230407100318
A. Mohammad, Sumer Singh, S. Swain, D. Ghose
The primary intent of the study is to formulate the inclusion complex of lisinopril with the varied compositions of polymers like β-cyclodextrin for the enhancement of oral drug solubility and bioavailability using QbD approach. The application of Box-behnken design to determine the optimized run from the prepared inclusion complexes. The physical kneading technique with β-cyclodextrin at varied amounts was used to create the inclusion complex of lisinopril. The FT-IR analysis study confirmed the selected drug, polymers, and other excipients showed no physical interactions. The prepared inclusion complexes' particle sizes and encapsulation efficiency were between 802 to 3259µm, 19.22 to 93.28%. The optimized formulation batch (F5) showed 90.16% in vitro drug release at 24h compared to the pure drug. From the in vivo study, the pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized formulation (F5) were found to be Cmax of 94.336 ng/ml, Tmax of 12h, and AUC 94.336 ng.h/ml, Kel of 0.0395h-1 and t1/2 of 12h. After three months, stability studies for the optimized formulation batch indicate no change in drug entrapment efficiency and other parameters The β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of lisinopril exhibited a 2-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of the model drug, which will be the novel drug-delivery strategy for the treatment of hypertension.
{"title":"Quality by Design Enabled β-Cyclodextrin Complexes of Lisinopril by Kneading Method: Improved Solubility and Bioavailability","authors":"A. Mohammad, Sumer Singh, S. Swain, D. Ghose","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230407100318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230407100318","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The primary intent of the study is to formulate the inclusion complex of\u0000lisinopril with the varied compositions of polymers like β-cyclodextrin for the enhancement of\u0000oral drug solubility and bioavailability using QbD approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The application of Box-behnken design to determine the optimized run from the prepared inclusion complexes. The physical kneading technique with β-cyclodextrin at varied\u0000amounts was used to create the inclusion complex of lisinopril.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The FT-IR analysis study confirmed the selected drug, polymers, and other excipients\u0000showed no physical interactions. The prepared inclusion complexes' particle sizes and encapsulation efficiency were between 802 to 3259µm, 19.22 to 93.28%. The optimized formulation batch\u0000(F5) showed 90.16% in vitro drug release at 24h compared to the pure drug. From the in vivo\u0000study, the pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized formulation (F5) were found to be Cmax\u0000of 94.336 ng/ml, Tmax of 12h, and AUC 94.336 ng.h/ml, Kel of 0.0395h-1 and t1/2 of 12h. After\u0000three months, stability studies for the optimized formulation batch indicate no change in drug entrapment efficiency and other parameters\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of lisinopril exhibited a 2-fold increase in the\u0000oral bioavailability of the model drug, which will be the novel drug-delivery strategy for the\u0000treatment of hypertension.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83125791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230407120509
D. N. Patnaik, G. C. Ram, Abhay Kumar, Ashish Verma, M. Chakravarthi, Imran Khan
Studying the optical-thermal dependence of liquid crystal based on the quantity data of image texture is essential to get more information accurately In this research, the optical-thermal dependence of chiral nematic liquid crystals ink sample was investigated based on the sample's texture and colour changes at various temperatures. The structural and optical characteristics of ZnO thin films are investigated in this study. While spinning at 4000 rpm for 30 seconds at room temperature, the zinc oxide solution was spun onto a pre-cleaned, glass substrate, creating the desired layer thickness. This was followed by annealing at 150°C-600°C in 50°C steps, which was carried out on the samples. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyse the optical properties of this thin coating. This was followed by annealing at 150°C-600°C in 50°C steps, which was carried out on the samples. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyse the optical properties of this thin coating. Zinc oxide's optical band gap was determined by measuring its optical transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance. Photonic crystals can exhibit relevant optical properties when transmitting or reflecting a light beam. In particular, in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, the reflective properties can be of interest and consequently optimized for different technological applications such as tuneable laser cavities, photovoltaic solar systems, and selective high reflection mirrors, among many others. In particular, in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, the reflective properties can be of interest and consequently optimized for different technological applications such as tuneable laser cavities, photovoltaic solar systems, and selective high-reflection mirrors, among many others.
{"title":"Synthesis And Structural Feasibility Of Photonic Materials","authors":"D. N. Patnaik, G. C. Ram, Abhay Kumar, Ashish Verma, M. Chakravarthi, Imran Khan","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230407120509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230407120509","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Studying the optical-thermal dependence of liquid crystal based on the quantity data of image texture is essential to get more information accurately\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this research, the optical-thermal dependence of chiral nematic liquid crystals ink sample was investigated based on the sample's texture and colour changes at various temperatures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The structural and optical characteristics of ZnO thin films are investigated in this study. While spinning at 4000 rpm for 30 seconds at room temperature, the zinc oxide solution was spun onto a pre-cleaned, glass substrate, creating the desired layer thickness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This was followed by annealing at 150°C-600°C in 50°C steps, which was carried out on the samples. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyse the optical properties of this thin coating.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This was followed by annealing at 150°C-600°C in 50°C steps, which was carried out on the samples. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyse the optical properties of this thin coating.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Zinc oxide's optical band gap was determined by measuring its optical transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance. Photonic crystals can exhibit relevant optical properties when transmitting or reflecting a light beam.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In particular, in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, the reflective properties can be of interest and consequently optimized for different technological applications such as tuneable laser cavities, photovoltaic solar systems, and selective high reflection mirrors, among many others.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In particular, in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, the reflective properties can be of interest and consequently optimized for different technological applications such as tuneable laser cavities, photovoltaic solar systems, and selective high-reflection mirrors, among many others.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91099665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230406132721
R. Vasanthakumar, M. Loganathan, S. Chockalingam, M. Vikneswaran, S. Venkatramanan
With an aim to partially replace conventional diesel fuel, this work investigated the impact of injecting hydrogen into an intake manifold of a diesel engine on its performance. Due to the benefits of hydrogen fuel, such as its high calorific value and flame velocity, it can be used in a dual-fuel mode of operation with diesel. The experiment was carried out for various engine loads with engine speed maintained constant at 1500. By using a digital volume flow metre, hydrogen was injected at three different volume flow rates, namely 3, 6, and 9 lpm. Engine combustion, emission, and performance parameters were evaluated for different hydrogen flow rates and compared to sole diesel. The result revealed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased, whereas the brake-specific fuel consumption decreased due to hydrogen enrichment. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were lower in dual fuel mode when compared to sole diesel operation under all load situations. On the other hand, Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission increased with hydrogen flow rate and resulted in higher NOx than diesel. Furthermore, hydrogen enrichment increased the values of the peak heat release rate and cylinder pressure by a significant margin from the corresponding values given by diesel fuel. Among the evaluated H2 flow rates, 9 lpm is found to be the best, demonstrating enhanced engine characteristics Due to the benefits of hydrogen fuel, such as its high calorific value and flame velocity, it can be used in a dual fuel mode of operation with diesel. The experiment was carried out for various engine loads with engine speed maintained constant at 1500. By using a digital volume flow metre, hydrogen was injected at three different volume flow rates, namely 3, 6, and 9 lpm. Engine combustion, emission, and performance parameters were evaluated for different hydrogen flow rates and compared to sole diesel. The result revealed that brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased, whereas the brake specific fuel consumption decreased due to hydrogen enrichment. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were lower in dual fuel mode when compared to sole diesel operation under all load situations. Among the evaluated H2 flow rates, 9 lpm is found to be the best, demonstrated enhanced engine characteristics.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine","authors":"R. Vasanthakumar, M. Loganathan, S. Chockalingam, M. Vikneswaran, S. Venkatramanan","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230406132721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230406132721","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000With an aim to partially replace conventional diesel fuel, this work investigated the impact of injecting hydrogen into an intake manifold of a diesel engine on its performance. Due to the benefits of hydrogen fuel, such as its high calorific value and flame velocity, it can be used in a dual-fuel mode of operation with diesel. The experiment was carried out for various engine loads with engine speed maintained constant at 1500. By using a digital volume flow metre, hydrogen was injected at three different volume flow rates, namely 3, 6, and 9 lpm. Engine combustion, emission, and performance parameters were evaluated for different hydrogen flow rates and compared to sole diesel. The result revealed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased, whereas the brake-specific fuel consumption decreased due to hydrogen enrichment. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were lower in dual fuel mode when compared to sole diesel operation under all load situations. On the other hand, Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission increased with hydrogen flow rate and resulted in higher NOx than diesel. Furthermore, hydrogen enrichment increased the values of the peak heat release rate and cylinder pressure by a significant margin from the corresponding values given by diesel fuel. Among the evaluated H2 flow rates, 9 lpm is found to be the best, demonstrating enhanced engine characteristics\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Due to the benefits of hydrogen fuel, such as its high calorific value and flame velocity, it can be used in a dual fuel mode of operation with diesel. The experiment was carried out for various engine loads with engine speed maintained constant at 1500.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By using a digital volume flow metre, hydrogen was injected at three different volume flow rates, namely 3, 6, and 9 lpm. Engine combustion, emission, and performance parameters were evaluated for different hydrogen flow rates and compared to sole diesel.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The result revealed that brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased, whereas the brake specific fuel consumption decreased due to hydrogen enrichment. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were lower in dual fuel mode when compared to sole diesel operation under all load situations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Among the evaluated H2 flow rates, 9 lpm is found to be the best, demonstrated enhanced engine characteristics.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89400619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230406083223
Md Shahzad Khan, H. Howari, Z. Khan, M. Imran, Mohd. Shakir
The present work deals with DFT-based theoretical investigations on pristine and metal (M = Na, Mg, and Al) substituted zinc oxide nanotube (M-ZnONT). The investigation advocates a change in the electronic bandgap of ZnONT on the respective substitution of Zn with Na, Mg, and Al. The forbidden energy gap vanishes on Na incorporation, while Al substitution brings the gap to 0.08eV. The formation energy calculations suggest the feasibility of these metallic substitutions, of which Na incorporation is most favorable. Partial density of state (PDOS) analysis is well correlated with band structures. A localized state above the Fermi level contributed from Al-3p in Al-ZnONT suggests the electronic affinity of Al-ZnONT for incoming nucleophiles. Our optical investigation shows large ε1(ω) values in far-infrared (IR) and visible (Vis) regions for M-ZnONT. Hence, suggests a high refractive index for the metal-substituted ZnONTs in the prescribed range. The study suggests that photonic energy loss due to attenuation, bending, and absorption are weak in ultra-violet (UV) and far UV regions i.e, (3eV to 8eV). However, for the respective energy range, high reflectivity is predicted. This indicates the nanotubes as a good reflector for the purpose of coating material surfaces where high reflection is demanded. Finding electronic and optical properties of functionalized ZnONT using DFT method. All calculations have been performed in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using Troullier Martins’s norm-conserving pseudo-potential. Metal incorporation at the surface of ZnONT consequent intense ε1(ω) values in far infra-red and visible regions for M-ZnONT. The investigation suggests that the metal-substituted nanotube is a good reflector for coating material surfaces where high reflection is demanded.
{"title":"Electronic and optical properties of Na, Mg, and Al substituted Zinc-oxide Nanotube: An insight DFT study","authors":"Md Shahzad Khan, H. Howari, Z. Khan, M. Imran, Mohd. Shakir","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230406083223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230406083223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The present work deals with DFT-based theoretical investigations on pristine and metal (M = Na, Mg, and Al) substituted zinc oxide nanotube (M-ZnONT). The investigation advocates a change in the electronic bandgap of ZnONT on the respective substitution of Zn with Na, Mg, and Al. The forbidden energy gap vanishes on Na incorporation, while Al substitution brings the gap to 0.08eV. The formation energy calculations suggest the feasibility of these metallic substitutions, of which Na incorporation is most favorable. Partial density of state (PDOS) analysis is well correlated with band structures. A localized state above the Fermi level contributed from Al-3p in Al-ZnONT suggests the electronic affinity of Al-ZnONT for incoming nucleophiles. Our optical investigation shows large ε1(ω) values in far-infrared (IR) and visible (Vis) regions for M-ZnONT. Hence, suggests a high refractive index for the metal-substituted ZnONTs in the prescribed range. The study suggests that photonic energy loss due to attenuation, bending, and absorption are weak in ultra-violet (UV) and far UV regions i.e, (3eV to 8eV). However, for the respective energy range, high reflectivity is predicted. This indicates the nanotubes as a good reflector for the purpose of coating material surfaces where high reflection is demanded.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Finding electronic and optical properties of functionalized ZnONT using DFT method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All calculations have been performed in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using Troullier Martins’s norm-conserving pseudo-potential.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Metal incorporation at the surface of ZnONT consequent intense ε1(ω) values in far infra-red and visible regions for M-ZnONT.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The investigation suggests that the metal-substituted nanotube is a good reflector for coating material surfaces where high reflection is demanded.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84865680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230330082440
S. M, Dr. K. T. Balaram Padal
The modern Aluminium-Copper-Lithium (Al-Cu-li) based composites have a great demand in aerospace applications due to their lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, and superior mechanical properties. The present study explored the effect of reinforcements like graphite and boron carbide on the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of AA2195 composite The Medium Frequency Induction Furnace (MFIF) was used to fabricate the composites with two factors each at four levels ordered in Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The microstructures revealed that the reinforcements were distributed uniformly throughout the composite. The elemental investigation observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the formed intermetallic compounds (IMCs) helped in refining the microstructure and further increasing the mechanical properties. The composite fabricated at 8% boron carbide (B4C) and 6% graphite (Gr) exhibited better ultimate tensile strength, % elongation, and hardness as 190.74 MPa, 0.58, and 87.2VHN, respectively. The composite fabricated at 8 .
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of AA2195-based MMCs for Space Applications","authors":"S. M, Dr. K. T. Balaram Padal","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230330082440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230330082440","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The modern Aluminium-Copper-Lithium (Al-Cu-li) based composites have a great demand in aerospace applications due to their lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, and superior mechanical properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study explored the effect of reinforcements like graphite and boron carbide on the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of AA2195 composite\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Medium Frequency Induction Furnace (MFIF) was used to fabricate the composites with two factors each at four levels ordered in Taguchi L16 orthogonal array.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The microstructures revealed that the reinforcements were distributed uniformly throughout the composite. The elemental investigation observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the formed intermetallic compounds (IMCs) helped in refining the microstructure and further increasing the mechanical properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The composite fabricated at 8% boron carbide (B4C) and 6% graphite (Gr) exhibited better ultimate tensile strength, % elongation, and hardness as 190.74 MPa, 0.58, and 87.2VHN, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The composite fabricated at 8\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80379352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230320155236
Rama Sharma
This article highlights the applications of nanotechnology in the detection of explosives. The increasing rise in terrorist acts throughout the globe has brought attention to the significance of locating hidden bombs and motivated new propelled breakthroughs to ensure public safety. Recognizing explosives and closely related-threatening combinations has already risen to the top of the priority list for contemporary national security and counterterrorism applications. Sensors based on nanotechnology have a fair probability of fulfilling all the criteria needed to be a practical solution for explosive trace detection. Nanowire/nanotube, nanomechanical devices, and electronic noses are three nanosensor technologies that have the most potential to develop into commercially viable technology platforms for the detection of trace explosives. Certain functionalized nanoparticles can exhibit different behaviors as a result of unique interactions with nitroaromatics. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been used as wearable chemical sensors. In this paper, the potential of nanosensors has been exposed that can be used to build a sensor system with high selectivity and sensitivity and appropriate platforms for signal transduction for the detection of explosives.
{"title":"Current Trends and Challenges in Explosives Detection Using Nanotechnology","authors":"Rama Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230320155236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230320155236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This article highlights the applications of nanotechnology in the detection of explosives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The increasing rise in terrorist acts throughout the globe has brought attention to the significance of locating hidden bombs and motivated new propelled breakthroughs to ensure public safety. Recognizing explosives and closely related-threatening combinations has already risen to the top of the priority list for contemporary national security and counterterrorism applications. Sensors based on nanotechnology have a fair probability of fulfilling all the criteria needed to be a practical solution for explosive trace detection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nanowire/nanotube, nanomechanical devices, and electronic noses are three nanosensor technologies that have the most potential to develop into commercially viable technology platforms for the detection of trace explosives. Certain functionalized nanoparticles can exhibit different behaviors as a result of unique interactions with nitroaromatics. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been used as wearable chemical sensors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this paper, the potential of nanosensors has been exposed that can be used to build a sensor system with high selectivity and sensitivity and appropriate platforms for signal transduction for the detection of explosives.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88399526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230320103910
Sree Sudha T Y, K. K. Sasanka, Harminder Singh, S. Varshney, P. Thangaraju, P. S. Timiri Shanmugam
The objective of this study is to review various biomaterials or implants used in ENT and their adverse effects on events that were noticed from the initial days to the present era. Relevant articles were searched from the databases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google were used to search for the data. Cochlear implant (CI) adequacy depends on biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory treatment, and reduction of fibrosis. Silicone is used in the otologic field, and its allergy is a rare cause of CI extrusion. Nitinol pistons are used in stapedotomy, and polyethylene (Teflon) grafts are used in partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) or total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP). Their complications include graft extrusion and residual perforation. Chronic sphenoid sinusitis is associated with Medpor porous polyethylene implants used for sellar reconstruction in skull-based surgeries. In vocal cord paralysis, injectable collagen preparations form submucosal deposits and dysphonia. Montgomery T-tubes are used in subglottic stenosis, and they produce granulation tissue. Metallic tracheostomy tubes cause the formation of secondary foreign bodies, and biofilms appear in double-lumen tracheostomy tubes. Even though several research studies have been carried out, still a modification of implant design is needed to minimize the complications and to further promote the quality of life of patients.
本研究的目的是回顾各种用于耳鼻喉科的生物材料或植入物及其从最初到现在所注意到的事件的不良影响。从数据库中检索了相关文章。使用PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science和Google来搜索数据。人工耳蜗(CI)的充分性取决于生物相容性、抗炎治疗和减少纤维化。硅胶用于耳科领域，其过敏是导致CI挤出的罕见原因。镍钛诺活塞用于镫骨切开术，聚乙烯(特氟隆)移植物用于部分听骨置换术(PORP)或全听骨置换术(TORP)。其并发症包括移植物挤压和残余穿孔。慢性蝶窦炎与在颅骨手术中用于鞍区重建的Medpor多孔聚乙烯植入物有关。在声带麻痹中，可注射的胶原制剂形成粘膜下沉积和发声障碍。蒙哥马利t型管用于声门下狭窄，它们产生肉芽组织。金属气管造口管引起二次异物的形成，双腔气管造口管中出现生物膜。尽管已经进行了一些研究，但仍然需要对植入物设计进行修改，以尽量减少并发症，进一步提高患者的生活质量。
{"title":"Otolaryngology Implants Usage and their Material Adverse Event Profile – A Narrative Review","authors":"Sree Sudha T Y, K. K. Sasanka, Harminder Singh, S. Varshney, P. Thangaraju, P. S. Timiri Shanmugam","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230320103910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230320103910","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objective of this study is to review various biomaterials or implants used in ENT and their adverse effects on events that were noticed from the initial days to the present era.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Relevant articles were searched from the databases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google were used to search for the data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Cochlear implant (CI) adequacy depends on biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory treatment, and reduction of fibrosis. Silicone is used in the otologic field, and its allergy is a rare cause of CI extrusion. Nitinol pistons are used in stapedotomy, and polyethylene (Teflon) grafts are used in partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) or total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP). Their complications include graft extrusion and residual perforation. Chronic sphenoid sinusitis is associated with Medpor porous polyethylene implants used for sellar reconstruction in skull-based surgeries. In vocal cord paralysis, injectable collagen preparations form submucosal deposits and dysphonia. Montgomery T-tubes are used in subglottic stenosis, and they produce granulation tissue. Metallic tracheostomy tubes cause the formation of secondary foreign bodies, and biofilms appear in double-lumen tracheostomy tubes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Even though several research studies have been carried out, still a modification of implant design is needed to minimize the complications and to further promote the quality of life of patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77601205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230314123738
S. Grover, Pooja Kadyan, Raj Kishore Sharma
To face the challenge of the finite nature of fossil fuels and large energy crises across the globe, there is an urgent requirement for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Moreover, it is essential to focus on energy storage in order to meet the demand of future generations. Among various energy storage devices such as fuel cells, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors, flywheels, etc., it is the supercapacitor device that has elicited extensive research interest recently because of prominent features like high power density, fast recharge capability, and long cycle life. The main objective of this article is to review the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor devices. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor device majorly depend on the electrode materials used, which include carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, and conducting polymers. In order to reduce energy shortages and environmental pressure, carbon materials derived from biomass/waste materials have been considered remarkable candidates for electrode materials with the advantages of high abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This review shows the complied study of various methodologies for the preparation of activated carbons derived from different biomass residues such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, which have been investigated in the past few years as electrochemical electrode materials for supercapacitors. Further, ongoing challenges and potential improvements in this area for creating efficient energy storage devices are also discussed. The goal of this review article is to aid in the creation of new insights for energy storage applications of biomass-generated carbons that will lead to sustainable energy development.
{"title":"Review on Biomass Derived Activated Carbons as Electrochemical Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Device","authors":"S. Grover, Pooja Kadyan, Raj Kishore Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230314123738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230314123738","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To face the challenge of the finite nature of fossil fuels and large energy crises across the globe, there is an urgent requirement for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Moreover, it is essential to focus on energy storage in order to meet the demand of future generations. Among various energy storage devices such as fuel cells, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors, flywheels, etc., it is the supercapacitor device that has elicited extensive research interest recently because of prominent features like high power density, fast recharge capability, and long cycle life. The main objective of this article is to review the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor devices. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor device majorly depend on the electrode materials used, which include carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, and conducting polymers. In order to reduce energy shortages and environmental pressure, carbon materials derived from biomass/waste materials have been considered remarkable candidates for electrode materials with the advantages of high abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This review shows the complied study of various methodologies for the preparation of activated carbons derived from different biomass residues such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, which have been investigated in the past few years as electrochemical electrode materials for supercapacitors. Further, ongoing challenges and potential improvements in this area for creating efficient energy storage devices are also discussed. The goal of this review article is to aid in the creation of new insights for energy storage applications of biomass-generated carbons that will lead to sustainable energy development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84551437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.2174/2666145416666230302114712
L. Pei, Xiaoyu Wang, Zizhan Sun, F. Tao, Xu Zhang
The aim is to synthesize Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials through a simple hydrothermal process and research the photocatalytic performance of the Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials for the gentian violet degradation. Sm (Er) doping is an effective strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of the organic pollutants. BaSn based nanorods possess wide band gap energy which limits the photocatalytic application. It is of important significance to research the feasibility of the improved photocatalytic performance of the BaSn based nanorods by doping with Sm (Er). The aim is to synthesize Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials through a simple hydrothermal process and research the photocatalytic performance of the Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials for the gentian violet degradation. Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials with poly-crystalline structure were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal process. The Sm (Er)-doped composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, solid diffuse reflectance spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Sm (Er) doping induces the morphological evolution of the BaSn based nanoscale materials from the nanorods to irregular nanoscale particles. Sm (Er) in the doped BaSn based nanoscale materials exists in the form of the cubic Sm2Sn2O7 and orthorhombic ErF3 phases. The band gap value is decreased with increasing the Sm (Er) dopant contents. Sm (Er)-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials with the Sm (Er) content of 8wt.% has the lowest band gap and shows the strongest light absorption ability. Comparing with the un-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials, the Sm (Er)-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for the gentian violet degradation. 8wt.% Sm-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials show the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the gentian violet. 20 mL gentian violet solution (concentration of 10 mg•L-1) can be totally degraded using 20 mg 8wt.% Sm-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials under the UV light illumination for 150 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Sm (Er)-doped BnSn based nanoscale materials can be attributed to the decreased band gap, enhanced light absorption ability and decrease of the recombination of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The Sm (Er)-doped BnSn based nanoscale materials show enhanced photocatalytic performance towards gentian violet.
{"title":"The photocatalytic performance of the BaSn-based nanoscale materials for the organic pollutants enhanced by Sm (Er) doping","authors":"L. Pei, Xiaoyu Wang, Zizhan Sun, F. Tao, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.2174/2666145416666230302114712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230302114712","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim is to synthesize Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials through a simple hydrothermal process and research the photocatalytic performance of the Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials for the gentian violet degradation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sm (Er) doping is an effective strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of the organic pollutants. BaSn based nanorods possess wide band gap energy which limits the photocatalytic application. It is of important significance to research the feasibility of the improved photocatalytic performance of the BaSn based nanorods by doping with Sm (Er).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim is to synthesize Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials through a simple hydrothermal process and research the photocatalytic performance of the Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials for the gentian violet degradation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sm (Er)-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials with poly-crystalline structure were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal process. The Sm (Er)-doped composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, solid diffuse reflectance spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sm (Er) doping induces the morphological evolution of the BaSn based nanoscale materials from the nanorods to irregular nanoscale particles. Sm (Er) in the doped BaSn based nanoscale materials exists in the form of the cubic Sm2Sn2O7 and orthorhombic ErF3 phases. The band gap value is decreased with increasing the Sm (Er) dopant contents. Sm (Er)-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials with the Sm (Er) content of 8wt.% has the lowest band gap and shows the strongest light absorption ability. Comparing with the un-doped BaSn based nanoscale materials, the Sm (Er)-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for the gentian violet degradation. 8wt.% Sm-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials show the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the gentian violet. 20 mL gentian violet solution (concentration of 10 mg•L-1) can be totally degraded using 20 mg 8wt.% Sm-doped BnSnbased nanoscale materials under the UV light illumination for 150 min.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Sm (Er)-doped BnSn based nanoscale materials can be attributed to the decreased band gap, enhanced light absorption ability and decrease of the recombination of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Sm (Er)-doped BnSn based nanoscale materials show enhanced photocatalytic performance towards gentian violet.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80034570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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