Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.2174/0126660822317882240719053530
A. Pannu, Ramesh K. Goyal, Kalicharan Sharma
Aim: This systematic review critically evaluates the efficacy of bibliotherapy in addressing mental health concerns across various populations and intervention modalities. Methods: A comprehensive bibliographic search was conducted, identifying 20 articles from databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, representing studies published in English between 1990 and 2022. The selected randomized clinical trials were subjected to rigorous evaluation using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool to assess methodological quality. Inclusion criteria focused on RCTs examining bibliotherapy programs for depression treatment. The selected studies were analyzed based on their comparison of bibliotherapy outcomes with standard treatments or no intervention. Follow-up periods ranging from 2 weeks to 3 years were considered. Results: Out of 413 retrieved results, 20 articles were included, reporting 3354 subjects. The methodological quality of the studies, assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool, was found to be sound. Bibliotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms in older patients as studied in 3 long-term bibliotherapy RCTs and 7 shortterm bibliotherapy RCTs. In young patients, 3 long-term bibliotherapy RCTs have shown significant improvement in depressive symptoms over 6 months to 2 years, whereas 7 short-term bibliotherapy RCTs also showed significant improvement within a brief timeframe. The review explores bibliotherapy's efficacy in managing occupational stress and its potential as a therapy for depression in populations with chronic physical illnesses. Conclusion: The findings imply that bibliotherapy could serve as an affordable and prompt intervention, potentially reducing the need for additional medications. However, the study emphasizes the importance of further research to strengthen the evidence base, particularly in diverse populations and settings.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Bibliotherapy in Depression Management: A\u0000Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials","authors":"A. Pannu, Ramesh K. Goyal, Kalicharan Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0126660822317882240719053530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822317882240719053530","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000 Aim: This systematic review critically evaluates the efficacy of bibliotherapy in\u0000addressing mental health concerns across various populations and intervention modalities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods: A comprehensive bibliographic search was conducted, identifying 20 articles\u0000from databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, representing studies published in\u0000English between 1990 and 2022. The selected randomized clinical trials were subjected to\u0000rigorous evaluation using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool to assess methodological quality.\u0000Inclusion criteria focused on RCTs examining bibliotherapy programs for depression\u0000treatment. The selected studies were analyzed based on their comparison of bibliotherapy\u0000outcomes with standard treatments or no intervention. Follow-up periods ranging from 2\u0000weeks to 3 years were considered.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 413 retrieved results, 20 articles were included, reporting 3354 subjects.\u0000The methodological quality of the studies, assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool,\u0000was found to be sound. Bibliotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms in older patients as studied in 3 long-term bibliotherapy RCTs and 7 shortterm bibliotherapy RCTs. In young patients, 3 long-term bibliotherapy RCTs have shown\u0000significant improvement in depressive symptoms over 6 months to 2 years, whereas 7\u0000short-term bibliotherapy RCTs also showed significant improvement within a brief\u0000timeframe. The review explores bibliotherapy's efficacy in managing occupational stress\u0000and its potential as a therapy for depression in populations with chronic physical illnesses.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The findings imply that bibliotherapy could serve as an affordable and\u0000prompt intervention, potentially reducing the need for additional medications. However,\u0000the study emphasizes the importance of further research to strengthen the evidence base,\u0000particularly in diverse populations and settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.2174/0126660822296212240531071733
Liana Spytska
Psychosis and neuroses are characterized by a state of mental imbalance and disturbances in thinking processes and have a significant impact on the lives of patients and their close environment. The article aims to study the assessment of the quality of life of people suffering from neurosis and psychosis using the Manchester Quality of Life Questionnaire, with components assessed using a seven-point Likert scale. The study was conducted using sociological methods, such as questionnaire surveys. The study involved 519 people aged 18 and over, of whom 369 were diagnosed with neurosis (183 men and 186 women) and 150 with psychosis (75 women and 75 men). The survey participants came from Ukraine (223), Poland (80), Lithuania (41), the Czech Republic (66), and Slovakia (71). The socio-demographic indicators of the respondents and their subjective assessment of the quality of life are studied. Patients diagnosed with psychosis rate their quality of life worse (3.74-1.35) than patients diagnosed with neurosis (4.33-2.11). The absence of influence of various socio-demographic indicators on the assessment of quality of life in those patients who were diagnosed with “neurosis” and the presence of such differences between some indicators in those patients who were diagnosed with “psychosis” were investigated. Patients diagnosed with neurosis were more likely to have higher education and employed than patients diagnosed with psychosis, have better living conditions, and were more likely to seek treatment voluntarily. However, the possibility of worsening symptoms in those patients who were diagnosed with neurosis should not be ruled out, and exacerbations should be prevented. Awareness and conscious treatment of patients is important to improve their symptoms and quality of life. Employment opportunities for patients with diagnoses should be explored to improve their quality of life and possibly improve their symptoms.
{"title":"Psychosis and Neurosis: Main Differences and Impact on Life","authors":"Liana Spytska","doi":"10.2174/0126660822296212240531071733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822296212240531071733","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Psychosis and neuroses are characterized by a state of mental imbalance\u0000and disturbances in thinking processes and have a significant impact on the lives\u0000of patients and their close environment. The article aims to study the assessment of the\u0000quality of life of people suffering from neurosis and psychosis using the Manchester Quality\u0000of Life Questionnaire, with components assessed using a seven-point Likert scale.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was conducted using sociological methods, such as questionnaire surveys.\u0000The study involved 519 people aged 18 and over, of whom 369 were diagnosed with\u0000neurosis (183 men and 186 women) and 150 with psychosis (75 women and 75 men). The\u0000survey participants came from Ukraine (223), Poland (80), Lithuania (41), the Czech Republic\u0000(66), and Slovakia (71). The socio-demographic indicators of the respondents and\u0000their subjective assessment of the quality of life are studied. Patients diagnosed with psychosis\u0000rate their quality of life worse (3.74-1.35) than patients diagnosed with neurosis\u0000(4.33-2.11).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The absence of influence of various socio-demographic indicators on the assessment\u0000of quality of life in those patients who were diagnosed with “neurosis” and the presence\u0000of such differences between some indicators in those patients who were diagnosed\u0000with “psychosis” were investigated. Patients diagnosed with neurosis were more likely to\u0000have higher education and employed than patients diagnosed with psychosis, have better\u0000living conditions, and were more likely to seek treatment voluntarily. However, the possibility\u0000of worsening symptoms in those patients who were diagnosed with neurosis should\u0000not be ruled out, and exacerbations should be prevented.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Awareness and conscious treatment of patients is important to improve their\u0000symptoms and quality of life. Employment opportunities for patients with diagnoses\u0000should be explored to improve their quality of life and possibly improve their symptoms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of media on body image and the development of eating disorders (EDs) has gained increasing attention in contemporary society. This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between media exposure, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating behaviors. We commence by elucidating the foundational concepts of body image, EDs, and positive body image, underlining their significance for both mental and physical well-being. The three most common EDs: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED), provide an overview of their distinct characteristics. The article delves into the profound impact of media in shaping contemporary beauty ideals and propagating unrealistic body expectations. The cause-and-effect relationship between media messages and body dissatisfaction, with specific attention to the prevalence of this issue among females in Western cultures has been covered. Furthermore, we explore the potential predisposing factors associated with media exposure that contribute to the development of EDs. This review highlights the critical role of media literacy education in empowering individuals to critically analyse and interpret media content, enabling them to make informed decisions about their media consumption. In addition, an attempt has been made to provide insights into the future of media and its impact on body image, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to better understand the evolving media landscape. Educators are recognized as pivotal in nurturing healthy body image among students, and school-based interventions can significantly contribute to promoting self-esteem, positive body image, and healthy lifestyle choices.
媒体对身体形象和饮食失调（EDs）发展的影响在当代社会日益受到关注。本文全面探讨了媒体接触、身体不满意和饮食失调行为之间错综复杂的关系。我们首先阐明了身体形象、ED 和积极身体形象的基本概念，强调了它们对身心健康的重要意义。文章深入探讨了媒体在塑造当代人的美丽理想和传播不切实际的身体期望方面的深远影响。文章探讨了媒体信息与身体不满意之间的因果关系，并特别关注了这一问题在西方文化女性中的普遍性。此外，我们还探讨了与媒体接触相关的潜在诱发因素，这些因素会导致 ED 的发生。这篇综述强调了媒介扫盲教育在增强个人批判性分析和解读媒介内容的能力方面所起的关键作用，使他们能够对自己的媒介消费做出明智的决定。此外，还试图对媒体的未来及其对身体形象的影响提出见解，强调有必要进行持续研究，以更好地了解不断发展的媒体环境。教育者被认为是培养学生健康身体形象的关键，而基于学校的干预措施可以极大地促进自尊、积极的身体形象和健康生活方式的选择。
{"title":"The Social Media Mirror: Understanding the Distortion of Eating\u0000Habits and Body Image in the Digital Age","authors":"M.D.S.A.D.I.Q.U.E. Hussain, Gurusha Bahl, Nikita Saraswat, Mohit Agarwal, Ajay Singh Bisht, Rahul Sharma, Gurvinder Singh, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0126660822295146240523114116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822295146240523114116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The influence of media on body image and the development of eating disorders\u0000(EDs) has gained increasing attention in contemporary society. This article offers a comprehensive\u0000exploration of the intricate relationship between media exposure, body dissatisfaction,\u0000and disordered eating behaviors. We commence by elucidating the foundational\u0000concepts of body image, EDs, and positive body image, underlining their significance for\u0000both mental and physical well-being. The three most common EDs: anorexia nervosa, bulimia\u0000nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED), provide an overview of their distinct characteristics.\u0000The article delves into the profound impact of media in shaping contemporary\u0000beauty ideals and propagating unrealistic body expectations. The cause-and-effect relationship\u0000between media messages and body dissatisfaction, with specific attention to the\u0000prevalence of this issue among females in Western cultures has been covered. Furthermore,\u0000we explore the potential predisposing factors associated with media exposure that\u0000contribute to the development of EDs. This review highlights the critical role of media\u0000literacy education in empowering individuals to critically analyse and interpret media content,\u0000enabling them to make informed decisions about their media consumption. In addition,\u0000an attempt has been made to provide insights into the future of media and its impact\u0000on body image, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to better understand the evolving\u0000media landscape. Educators are recognized as pivotal in nurturing healthy body image\u0000among students, and school-based interventions can significantly contribute to promoting\u0000self-esteem, positive body image, and healthy lifestyle choices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mothers, as vital and important individuals in their children's lives, experience various struggles, emotions, and experiences in relation to their child's autism diagnosis. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of mothers' experiences in dealing with the diagnosis of autism in their child using a phenomenological approach. In this study, a qualitative phenomenological approach was used, and purposeful sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. The participants were selected from mothers who sought their children's participation in rehabilitation classes at the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center in Hamedan, Iran. Unstructured interviews were conducted as the method of data collection. The descriptive method of Colaizzi was utilized for analyzing the obtained data. Twelve participants took part in this study. The average age of the participants was 35.16 years. The analysis of mothers' lived experiences in dealing with their child's autism diagnosis using a descriptive phenomenological approach revealed four main themes: fear of the child's future, worry about social harassment, emergence of emotional shock, and fear of trouble. The results of this study demonstrated that concern for the child's future, worry about social harm, experiencing emotional shock, and fear of being trapped were the major challenges faced by mothers upon learning about their child's positive autism diagnosis. Therefore, professionals, policymakers, and regulatory organizations should pay attention to the issues raised in parents' experiences in order to provide appropriate healthcare services for children with autism and their families.
{"title":"The Experience of Parents When they Find Out that their Child\u0000has Autism: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"Shirdel Zandi, E. Jenabi, Saeed Bashirian, Reza Mohammadi, Fatemeh Karbin, Salman Khazaei","doi":"10.2174/0126660822301547240415060803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822301547240415060803","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mothers, as vital and important individuals in their children's\u0000lives, experience various struggles, emotions, and experiences in relation to their child's\u0000autism diagnosis. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of mothers'\u0000experiences in dealing with the diagnosis of autism in their child using a\u0000phenomenological approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, a qualitative phenomenological approach was used, and purposeful\u0000sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. The participants were selected\u0000from mothers who sought their children's participation in rehabilitation classes at the\u0000Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center in Hamedan, Iran. Unstructured interviews\u0000were conducted as the method of data collection. The descriptive method of Colaizzi was\u0000utilized for analyzing the obtained data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twelve participants took part in this study. The average age of the participants\u0000was 35.16 years. The analysis of mothers' lived experiences in dealing with their child's\u0000autism diagnosis using a descriptive phenomenological approach revealed four main\u0000themes: fear of the child's future, worry about social harassment, emergence of emotional\u0000shock, and fear of trouble.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of this study demonstrated that concern for the child's future,\u0000worry about social harm, experiencing emotional shock, and fear of being trapped were the\u0000major challenges faced by mothers upon learning about their child's positive autism\u0000diagnosis. Therefore, professionals, policymakers, and regulatory organizations should pay\u0000attention to the issues raised in parents' experiences in order to provide appropriate\u0000healthcare services for children with autism and their families.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), are not only of interest to gamers but are increasingly being used in health care as well. Visual content is used in everyday life to enhance the user's visual input. Its medicinal uses have been extensively studied. It can be a promising surgical technique that requires considerable accuracy. Furthermore, the emotional engagement and sensation of participation in the AR program impact the level of the customer experience. These experiences may enhance the efficacy of AR in the management of psychiatric problems. This paper presents an overview of AR and reviews the latest medical applications in diagnosing and treating psychiatric disorders. However, it is fair to say that VR systems have easy delivery with well-controlled sensory motives. The prospect of VR systems is that they could be a new clinical tool for patients with certain psychiatric symptoms. Besides the lack of big observational studies and cost-effectiveness research, it appears that physicians will soon adopt this new technology.
增强现实（AR）、混合现实（MR）和虚拟现实（VR）等新技术不仅引起了游戏玩家的兴趣，也越来越多地应用于医疗保健领域。视觉内容在日常生活中被用来增强用户的视觉输入。人们对其医疗用途进行了广泛研究。它可以成为一种很有前途的外科技术，但需要相当高的精确度。此外，参与 AR 程序的情感投入和感觉也会影响客户体验的水平。本文概述了增强现实技术，并回顾了诊断和治疗精神疾病的最新医疗应用。然而，可以公平地说，VR 系统具有简便的交付方式和良好的感官动机。VR 系统的前景在于，它可以成为治疗某些精神症状患者的一种新的临床工具。除了缺乏大规模的观察研究和成本效益研究之外，医生们似乎很快就会采用这项新技术。
{"title":"Revolutionizing Psychiatric Care: Unleashing the Potential of\u0000Augmented and Virtual Reality for Diagnosis and Education","authors":"Md Sadique Hussain, Nikita Saraswat, Gurusha Bahl, Mohit Agrawal, Ajay Singh Bisht, Rahul Sharma, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0126660822285059240404040918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822285059240404040918","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000New technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and\u0000virtual reality (VR), are not only of interest to gamers but are increasingly being used in\u0000health care as well. Visual content is used in everyday life to enhance the user's visual input. Its medicinal uses have been extensively studied. It can be a promising surgical technique that requires considerable accuracy. Furthermore, the emotional engagement and\u0000sensation of participation in the AR program impact the level of the customer experience.\u0000These experiences may enhance the efficacy of AR in the management of psychiatric problems. This paper presents an overview of AR and reviews the latest medical applications in\u0000diagnosing and treating psychiatric disorders. However, it is fair to say that VR systems\u0000have easy delivery with well-controlled sensory motives. The prospect of VR systems is\u0000that they could be a new clinical tool for patients with certain psychiatric symptoms. Besides the lack of big observational studies and cost-effectiveness research, it appears that\u0000physicians will soon adopt this new technology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.2174/0126660822287649240326043815
F. Werner, R. Coveñas
Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are treated in most cases with antipsychotic drugs of the second generation. These drugs block dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors, i.e., D2 and 5-HT2A receptors, and cause different adverse effects, for example, movement disturbances of the extrapyramidal system and adverse effects of vital parameters and of the heart. These drugs treat positive symptoms in schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, negative symptoms. This review presents the development of newer antipsychotic drugs. References were taken from PubMed after using the following keywords: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, antipsychotic drug, neurotransmitter and neuropeptide. Among these newer antipsychotic drugs are cariprazine, brexipiprazole and lumateperone, which exert a partial agonistic effect at D2 and 5-HT2A receptors, pimavanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist which treats negative symptoms in schizophrenia as add-on therapy, olanzapine combined with samidorphan, which reduces weight gain, and M4 or M1 receptor agonists, for example, xanomeline with an antipsychotic effect combined with trospium, an anticholinergic drug. Neural networks were updated in order to deduce the antipsychotic mechanism of action of newer antipsychotic drugs, especially xanomeline. The newer antipsychotic drugs cariprazine, brexipiprazole and lumateperone show antipsychotic, antimanic and anti-depressive effects, however, the efficacy on psychotic symptoms in long-term treatment has not yet been examined. Pimavanserin reduces negative symptoms in schizophrenia as an additional pharmacotherapy to treat this disorder. Olanzapine combined with samidorphan exerts good antipsychotic effects and reduces weight gain. The new antipsychotic drug xanomeline, the antipsychotic effect of which is quite different from the antidopaminergic effect, treats positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Its mechanism of action was deduced from the neural networks presented. The long-term efficacy should still be examined. This review is focused on newer antipsychotic drugs. The long-term efficacy of cariprazine, brexipiprazole and lumateperone in the treatment of schizophrenia should be examined further. Neural networks in the brain areas involved in schizophrenia should be examined and updated furthermore. Newer antipsychotic drugs ,for example, xanomeline, an M4 or M1 receptor agonist, which has been combined with trospium, an anticholinergic drug, the mechanism of action of which can be derived from the neural network suggested in this review.
{"title":"The Secure Therapeutic Effects of Recently Developed Antipsychotic\u0000Drugs and Updated Neural Networks in Schizophrenia","authors":"F. Werner, R. Coveñas","doi":"10.2174/0126660822287649240326043815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822287649240326043815","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are treated in most\u0000cases with antipsychotic drugs of the second generation. These drugs block dopaminergic\u0000and serotonergic receptors, i.e., D2 and 5-HT2A receptors, and cause different adverse\u0000effects, for example, movement disturbances of the extrapyramidal system and adverse\u0000effects of vital parameters and of the heart. These drugs treat positive symptoms in\u0000schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, negative symptoms. This review presents the development\u0000of newer antipsychotic drugs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000References were taken from PubMed after using the following keywords:\u0000schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, antipsychotic drug, neurotransmitter and\u0000neuropeptide. Among these newer antipsychotic drugs are cariprazine, brexipiprazole\u0000and lumateperone, which exert a partial agonistic effect at D2 and 5-HT2A receptors, pimavanserin,\u0000a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist which treats negative symptoms in schizophrenia\u0000as add-on therapy, olanzapine combined with samidorphan, which reduces\u0000weight gain, and M4 or M1 receptor agonists, for example, xanomeline with an antipsychotic\u0000effect combined with trospium, an anticholinergic drug. Neural networks were\u0000updated in order to deduce the antipsychotic mechanism of action of newer antipsychotic\u0000drugs, especially xanomeline.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The newer antipsychotic drugs cariprazine, brexipiprazole and lumateperone\u0000show antipsychotic, antimanic and anti-depressive effects, however, the efficacy on psychotic\u0000symptoms in long-term treatment has not yet been examined. Pimavanserin reduces\u0000negative symptoms in schizophrenia as an additional pharmacotherapy to treat this\u0000disorder. Olanzapine combined with samidorphan exerts good antipsychotic effects and\u0000reduces weight gain. The new antipsychotic drug xanomeline, the antipsychotic effect of\u0000which is quite different from the antidopaminergic effect, treats positive and negative\u0000symptoms in schizophrenia. Its mechanism of action was deduced from the neural networks\u0000presented. The long-term efficacy should still be examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review is focused on newer antipsychotic drugs. The long-term efficacy\u0000of cariprazine, brexipiprazole and lumateperone in the treatment of schizophrenia\u0000should be examined further. Neural networks in the brain areas involved in schizophrenia\u0000should be examined and updated furthermore. Newer antipsychotic drugs ,for example,\u0000xanomeline, an M4 or M1 receptor agonist, which has been combined with trospium, an\u0000anticholinergic drug, the mechanism of action of which can be derived from the neural\u0000network suggested in this review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Migraine is a debilitating neuroinflammatory disorder. Patients with migraine often experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, which are associated with the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Curcumin has been shown to have regulatory effects on depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as analgesic properties through various mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nanocurcumin supplementation on depression, anxiety, stress, and clinical manifestations in patients with migraine. This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. A total of forty-four patients with episodic migraines were recruited for the trial. Stratified randomization was employed to ensure a balanced distribution of participants based on BMI and sex. The patients were equally assigned to two groups using permuted block randomization: 1) the intervention group, which received 80 mg of nano-curcumin, and 2) the placebo (control) group, which received a paraffin-based placebo. The intervention and control periods lasted for 2 months. Anthropometric and demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms (including headache frequency, duration, and severity as reported by the patients), as well as stress, anxiety, and depression scores (using the Dass-21 questionnaire), were recorded before and after the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22. For normally distributed data, paired t-tests and independent t-tests were utilized. Non-normal data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test. The chi-squared test was employed for categorical variables. To account for confounding factors, the ANCOVA test was conducted. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The intention-to-treat method was applied to address outliers and missing data. Based on the findings, the current study demonstrates that supplementation with nano-curcumin can effectively mitigate symptoms of depression and anxiety (p < 0.05). Regarding stress, a noticeable reduction within the nano-curcumin group was observed, although it did not reach statistical significance when compared between groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, nano-curcumin exhibited a significant decrease in the frequency, duration, and severity of headaches (p < 0.05). Our research findings have shown that supplementation with nano-curcumin can effectively decrease the frequency, severity, and duration of headaches while also alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety in comparison to the placebo group. Hence, curcumin exhibits significant potential as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the treatment of migraines.
偏头痛是一种使人衰弱的神经炎性疾病。偏头痛患者通常会感到抑郁、焦虑和压力水平升高，这与偏头痛发作的频率和严重程度有关。研究表明，姜黄素对抑郁、焦虑和压力有调节作用，并通过各种机制具有镇痛特性。本研究旨在评估纳米姜黄素补充剂对偏头痛患者抑郁、焦虑、压力和临床表现的影响。该研究以随机、双盲临床试验的形式进行，共招募了 44 名发作性偏头痛患者。试验采用了分层随机法，以确保参与者在体重指数和性别方面的均衡分布。采用包块随机法将患者平均分配到两组：1）干预组，服用 80 毫克纳米姜黄素；2）安慰剂（对照组），服用石蜡基安慰剂。干预期和对照期均为 2 个月。研究前后记录了人体测量和人口统计学数据、临床症状（包括患者报告的头痛频率、持续时间和严重程度）以及压力、焦虑和抑郁评分（使用 Dass-21 问卷）。收集到的数据使用 SPSS 22 进行分析。对于正态分布的数据，采用配对 t 检验和独立 t 检验；对于非正态分布的数据，采用 Wilcoxon 检验和 Mann-Whitney U 检验。对分类变量采用卡方检验。为考虑混杂因素，进行了方差分析。P值≤0.05被认为具有统计学意义。根据研究结果，本研究表明，补充纳米姜黄素能有效缓解抑郁和焦虑症状（p < 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，与安慰剂组相比，补充纳米姜黄素能有效降低头痛的频率、严重程度和持续时间，同时还能缓解抑郁和焦虑症状。因此，姜黄素作为一种辅助疗法，在加强偏头痛治疗方面具有显著的潜力。
{"title":"Efficacy of Nano-curcumin Supplementation on Depression,\u0000Anxiety, Stress and Clinical Symptoms in Migraine Patients: A\u0000Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial","authors":"Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi, M. Abdolahi, Malihe Sadat Rahimi Azghadi, Mohsen Sedighiyan","doi":"10.2174/0126660822285958240301034959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822285958240301034959","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Migraine is a debilitating neuroinflammatory disorder. Patients\u0000with migraine often experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, which are\u0000associated with the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Curcumin has been shown\u0000to have regulatory effects on depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as analgesic properties\u0000through various mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nanocurcumin\u0000supplementation on depression, anxiety, stress, and clinical manifestations in\u0000patients with migraine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. A\u0000total of forty-four patients with episodic migraines were recruited for the trial. Stratified\u0000randomization was employed to ensure a balanced distribution of participants based on\u0000BMI and sex. The patients were equally assigned to two groups using permuted block randomization:\u00001) the intervention group, which received 80 mg of nano-curcumin, and 2) the\u0000placebo (control) group, which received a paraffin-based placebo. The intervention and\u0000control periods lasted for 2 months. Anthropometric and demographic data, clinical signs\u0000and symptoms (including headache frequency, duration, and severity as reported by the\u0000patients), as well as stress, anxiety, and depression scores (using the Dass-21 questionnaire),\u0000were recorded before and after the study. The collected data were analyzed using\u0000SPSS 22. For normally distributed data, paired t-tests and independent t-tests were utilized.\u0000Non-normal data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test. The\u0000chi-squared test was employed for categorical variables. To account for confounding factors,\u0000the ANCOVA test was conducted. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically\u0000significant. The intention-to-treat method was applied to address outliers and missing data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the findings, the current study demonstrates that supplementation with\u0000nano-curcumin can effectively mitigate symptoms of depression and anxiety (p < 0.05).\u0000Regarding stress, a noticeable reduction within the nano-curcumin group was observed,\u0000although it did not reach statistical significance when compared between groups (p > 0.05).\u0000Moreover, nano-curcumin exhibited a significant decrease in the frequency, duration, and\u0000severity of headaches (p < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our research findings have shown that supplementation with nano-curcumin can\u0000effectively decrease the frequency, severity, and duration of headaches while also alleviating\u0000symptoms of depression and anxiety in comparison to the placebo group. Hence, curcumin exhibits\u0000significant potential as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the treatment of migraines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.2174/0126660822288158240228094043
Anda Gherghe, Kalina M L Fahey, Anita Cservenka
The goal of the current study was to examine how specific recent stressors are related to electronic nicotine product use among young adults. Despite increases in electronic nicotine product use among adults, stressors shaping the use of these products remain largely unknown. The current study examined the types and average severity of stressors endorsed between young adults with past 30-day electronic nicotine product use and young adults with no lifetime use, as well as the association between frequency of recent electronic nicotine product use and average severity of stressors. 175 current electronic nicotine product users and 333 lifetime abstainers of electronic nicotine products and cigarettes reported recent stressful experiences that occurred in the past six months, as well as lifetime and past 30-day substance use. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and regression analyses were performed. There were no significant group differences in the primary type of stressor experienced (p = 0.320) or average stress of the three recent stressful experiences reported (p = 0.246). There was no significant relationship between electronic nicotine product use and average stress of the three recent stressful experiences, controlling for demographic and substance use covariates (p = 0.150). Both current electronic nicotine product users and lifetime abstainers endorsed school, family, and romantic relationship stressors most frequently as their top stressors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine group differences in specific stressor categories and perceived stress between current electronic nicotine product users and lifetime abstainers of these products. Given the novel assessment of stressor types, the current study provides a critical starting point for research on this timely topic. In addition, due to the high overlap between stress and nicotine use, future studies should investigate different populations of electronic nicotine product users and other methods to assess stressful experiences.
{"title":"Recent Stressful Experiences and Electronic Nicotine Product Use\u0000Among Young Adults","authors":"Anda Gherghe, Kalina M L Fahey, Anita Cservenka","doi":"10.2174/0126660822288158240228094043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822288158240228094043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The goal of the current study was to examine how\u0000specific recent stressors are related to electronic nicotine product use among young adults.\u0000Despite increases in electronic nicotine product use among adults, stressors shaping the use\u0000of these products remain largely unknown. The current study examined the types and average severity of stressors endorsed between young adults with past 30-day electronic nicotine product use and young adults with no lifetime use, as well as the association between\u0000frequency of recent electronic nicotine product use and average severity of stressors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000175 current electronic nicotine product users and 333 lifetime abstainers of electronic nicotine products and cigarettes reported recent stressful experiences that occurred\u0000in the past six months, as well as lifetime and past 30-day substance use. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and regression analyses were performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There were no significant group differences in the primary type of stressor experienced (p = 0.320) or average stress of the three recent stressful experiences reported (p =\u00000.246). There was no significant relationship between electronic nicotine product use and\u0000average stress of the three recent stressful experiences, controlling for demographic and\u0000substance use covariates (p = 0.150). Both current electronic nicotine product users and\u0000lifetime abstainers endorsed school, family, and romantic relationship stressors most frequently as their top stressors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine group differences in specific stressor categories and perceived stress between current electronic nicotine product\u0000users and lifetime abstainers of these products. Given the novel assessment of stressor\u0000types, the current study provides a critical starting point for research on this timely topic.\u0000In addition, due to the high overlap between stress and nicotine use, future studies should\u0000investigate different populations of electronic nicotine product users and other methods to\u0000assess stressful experiences.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.2174/0126660822284733240229042550
Robert D. Friedberg, Megan Neelley, Tia Lee, Runze Chen, Isabella Xie, Joe Zucker, Alanna Greenberger
Exposure therapy is the gold standard treatment for anxiety and obsessivecompulsive disorders in children, adolescents, and adults. Inhibitory Learning Theory offers a nuanced and advanced perspective on exposure treatment positing that violating threat expectancies is more important than habituation. This paper highlights the effectiveness of inhibitory learning theory-guided exposure procedures for youth with anxiety and OCD, chronic pain, and eating disorders. A topical review focusing on the theoretical foundations of inhibitory learning theory, crucial augmentations of the approach, and outcomes with pediatric patients diagnosed with anxiety, eating, and pain disorders is presented. The literature review indicated that inhibitory learning theory-driven exposure produced beneficent outcomes in the identified populations. Various limitations and future directions were discussed. Limitations notwithstanding, inhibitory learning theory-led exposure represents a viable treatment option for pediatric patients with anxiety, eating, and chronic pain disorders.
{"title":"Paradigms and Practice Shifts: A Topical Narrative Review of the\u0000Evolving Face of Exposure-Based Treatment for Youth","authors":"Robert D. Friedberg, Megan Neelley, Tia Lee, Runze Chen, Isabella Xie, Joe Zucker, Alanna Greenberger","doi":"10.2174/0126660822284733240229042550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822284733240229042550","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Exposure therapy is the gold standard treatment for anxiety and obsessivecompulsive disorders in children, adolescents, and adults. Inhibitory Learning Theory offers a nuanced and advanced perspective on exposure treatment positing that violating\u0000threat expectancies is more important than habituation. This paper highlights the effectiveness of inhibitory learning theory-guided exposure procedures for youth with anxiety and\u0000OCD, chronic pain, and eating disorders. A topical review focusing on the theoretical\u0000foundations of inhibitory learning theory, crucial augmentations of the approach, and outcomes with pediatric patients diagnosed with anxiety, eating, and pain disorders is presented. The literature review indicated that inhibitory learning theory-driven exposure produced beneficent outcomes in the identified populations. Various limitations and future\u0000directions were discussed. Limitations notwithstanding, inhibitory learning theory-led exposure represents a viable treatment option for pediatric patients with anxiety, eating, and\u0000chronic pain disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.2174/0126660822284575240130053259
L. A. McInnes, Tobias F Marton
While the number of treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) has grown in recent years, the lack of quality data to guide optimal modality selection has lessened the potential impact of having a more diverse set of mechanistic approaches to treatment. The last attempt to investigate treatment sequencing for MDD was the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives for Relief of Depression Study (STAR*D), which gave rise to the concept of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as a failure to respond to two or more monoaminergic antidepressants. However, a recent reanalysis of the STAR*D data indicates that most patients do not remit even when treated with multiple traditional antidepressants. Given these new results, labeling the majority of patients as treatmentresistant is not appropriate or useful. If monoamine-based drugs are not that effective for the majority of MDD patients, then it is necessary to consider the mechanistically distinct pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options that have emerged recently, including brain stimulation, glutamate receptor modulators, and psychedelic medicines. While these new treatment modalities have the potential to enhance patient outcomes, clinicians and patients currently lack a framework to guide their choices other than cost, feasibility, personal preference, and certain medical contraindications. Here, we review alternative treatment modalities for monoamine non-responders and consider the possibility that there will be new first-line therapies for MDD. We will review how treatment decisions for these patients are currently being made and how developments in precision psychiatry may help guide rational treatment selection in the future.
{"title":"Considering New and Emerging Treatment Strategies for\u0000Depression: Beyond STAR*D and the Monoamines","authors":"L. A. McInnes, Tobias F Marton","doi":"10.2174/0126660822284575240130053259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822284575240130053259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000While the number of treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD)\u0000has grown in recent years, the lack of quality data to guide optimal modality selection has\u0000lessened the potential impact of having a more diverse set of mechanistic approaches to\u0000treatment. The last attempt to investigate treatment sequencing for MDD was the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives for Relief of Depression Study (STAR*D), which gave\u0000rise to the concept of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as a failure to respond to two or\u0000more monoaminergic antidepressants. However, a recent reanalysis of the STAR*D data\u0000indicates that most patients do not remit even when treated with multiple traditional antidepressants. Given these new results, labeling the majority of patients as treatmentresistant is not appropriate or useful. If monoamine-based drugs are not that effective for\u0000the majority of MDD patients, then it is necessary to consider the mechanistically distinct\u0000pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options that have emerged recently,\u0000including brain stimulation, glutamate receptor modulators, and psychedelic medicines.\u0000While these new treatment modalities have the potential to enhance patient outcomes, clinicians and patients currently lack a framework to guide their choices other than cost, feasibility, personal preference, and certain medical contraindications. Here, we review alternative treatment modalities for monoamine non-responders and consider the possibility\u0000that there will be new first-line therapies for MDD. We will review how treatment decisions for these patients are currently being made and how developments in precision psychiatry may help guide rational treatment selection in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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