Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.2174/0126660822284575240130053259
L. A. McInnes, Tobias F Marton
While the number of treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) has grown in recent years, the lack of quality data to guide optimal modality selection has lessened the potential impact of having a more diverse set of mechanistic approaches to treatment. The last attempt to investigate treatment sequencing for MDD was the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives for Relief of Depression Study (STAR*D), which gave rise to the concept of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as a failure to respond to two or more monoaminergic antidepressants. However, a recent reanalysis of the STAR*D data indicates that most patients do not remit even when treated with multiple traditional antidepressants. Given these new results, labeling the majority of patients as treatmentresistant is not appropriate or useful. If monoamine-based drugs are not that effective for the majority of MDD patients, then it is necessary to consider the mechanistically distinct pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options that have emerged recently, including brain stimulation, glutamate receptor modulators, and psychedelic medicines. While these new treatment modalities have the potential to enhance patient outcomes, clinicians and patients currently lack a framework to guide their choices other than cost, feasibility, personal preference, and certain medical contraindications. Here, we review alternative treatment modalities for monoamine non-responders and consider the possibility that there will be new first-line therapies for MDD. We will review how treatment decisions for these patients are currently being made and how developments in precision psychiatry may help guide rational treatment selection in the future.
{"title":"Considering New and Emerging Treatment Strategies for\u0000Depression: Beyond STAR*D and the Monoamines","authors":"L. A. McInnes, Tobias F Marton","doi":"10.2174/0126660822284575240130053259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822284575240130053259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000While the number of treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD)\u0000has grown in recent years, the lack of quality data to guide optimal modality selection has\u0000lessened the potential impact of having a more diverse set of mechanistic approaches to\u0000treatment. The last attempt to investigate treatment sequencing for MDD was the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives for Relief of Depression Study (STAR*D), which gave\u0000rise to the concept of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as a failure to respond to two or\u0000more monoaminergic antidepressants. However, a recent reanalysis of the STAR*D data\u0000indicates that most patients do not remit even when treated with multiple traditional antidepressants. Given these new results, labeling the majority of patients as treatmentresistant is not appropriate or useful. If monoamine-based drugs are not that effective for\u0000the majority of MDD patients, then it is necessary to consider the mechanistically distinct\u0000pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options that have emerged recently,\u0000including brain stimulation, glutamate receptor modulators, and psychedelic medicines.\u0000While these new treatment modalities have the potential to enhance patient outcomes, clinicians and patients currently lack a framework to guide their choices other than cost, feasibility, personal preference, and certain medical contraindications. Here, we review alternative treatment modalities for monoamine non-responders and consider the possibility\u0000that there will be new first-line therapies for MDD. We will review how treatment decisions for these patients are currently being made and how developments in precision psychiatry may help guide rational treatment selection in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.2174/0126660822244807231025082644
Caterina Romaniello, Kenneth Abrams, Salvatore Cardellicchio, Aldo Pezzuto, Michael Zvolensky, F. Cosci
Smokers’ expectancies about abstinence, that is the effects that smokers anticipate when they attempt to quit smoking, remain understudied. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between smoking abstinence expectations and subjective experience over time among individuals in smoking cessation treatment. A total of 215 adult smokers seeking treatment at two Italian third-level outpatient facilities were assessed at baseline and three-time points after the quit day (QD): 7 days, and 1 and 3 months. The following self-report instruments were administered: the Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Questionnaire (SAEQ), as a baseline measure of expectancies before quitting; the SAEQ-past, for assessing the actual occurrence of symptoms that were expected; the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, as a measure of withdrawal symptoms post-quitting. One and 3 months after the QD, participants reported fewer negative abstinence symptoms than expected, except for somatic symptoms, and fewer positive consequences than expected. A mismatch between smoking abstinence expectations and actual postquitting experiences was found, thus expectancies were violated. The present findings confirm the need to assess both abstinence expectancies and actual post-quitting experiences. Future studies should examine tailored interventions aimed at educating smokers about expectancies and post-quitting experiences.
{"title":"The Mismatch between Adult Smokers’ Abstinence Expectancies\u0000and Experiences at Outpatient Facilities: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Caterina Romaniello, Kenneth Abrams, Salvatore Cardellicchio, Aldo Pezzuto, Michael Zvolensky, F. Cosci","doi":"10.2174/0126660822244807231025082644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822244807231025082644","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Smokers’ expectancies about abstinence, that is the effects that\u0000smokers anticipate when they attempt to quit smoking, remain understudied. The aim of\u0000the present study was to examine the relation between smoking abstinence expectations\u0000and subjective experience over time among individuals in smoking cessation treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 215 adult smokers seeking treatment at two Italian third-level outpatient\u0000facilities were assessed at baseline and three-time points after the quit day (QD): 7\u0000days, and 1 and 3 months. The following self-report instruments were administered: the\u0000Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Questionnaire (SAEQ), as a baseline measure of expectancies\u0000before quitting; the SAEQ-past, for assessing the actual occurrence of symptoms\u0000that were expected; the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, as a measure of withdrawal\u0000symptoms post-quitting.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000One and 3 months after the QD, participants reported fewer negative abstinence\u0000symptoms than expected, except for somatic symptoms, and fewer positive consequences\u0000than expected. A mismatch between smoking abstinence expectations and actual postquitting\u0000experiences was found, thus expectancies were violated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present findings confirm the need to assess both abstinence expectancies\u0000and actual post-quitting experiences. Future studies should examine tailored interventions\u0000aimed at educating smokers about expectancies and post-quitting experiences.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0126660822277411240111103907
Peijin Liu, Shigao Huang
Autism rehabilitation is a global public health issue. Given the urgency and importance of promoting therapeutic interventions for autism, research into the rehabilitation of children with autism has swiftly become a focal point across medical, psychological, and educational circles. Clinical observations suggest that most children with autism demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to music compared to the general population, rendering music a novel therapeutic intervention. Decades of research into music therapy and autism have primarily focused on enhancing children's emotional state, communication skills, cognitive abilities, and behavioral imitation interaction. However, due to a lack of systematic theoretical expertise and interdisciplinary integration, there is currently no effective treatment method for autism. This review uses the piano as an example, summarizing the intervention methods of music games for children with autism, exploring new avenues and educational methods for rehabilitation, and outlining the feasibility of improving music therapy measures. This is a narrative review based on the relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar databases between 2000 to 2022. This work aims to encourage the broader application of music therapy among individuals with autism to aid their rehabilitation and integration into mainstream society.
自闭症康复是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。鉴于促进自闭症治疗干预的紧迫性和重要性，自闭症儿童康复研究已迅速成为医学界、心理学界和教育界的焦点。临床观察表明，与普通人相比，大多数自闭症儿童对音乐的敏感度更高，这使得音乐成为一种新型的治疗干预手段。几十年来，对音乐治疗和自闭症的研究主要集中在提高儿童的情绪状态、沟通技能、认知能力和行为模仿互动上。然而，由于缺乏系统的理论专业知识和跨学科整合，目前尚无有效的自闭症治疗方法。本综述以钢琴为例，总结音乐游戏对自闭症儿童的干预方法，探索康复治疗的新途径和教育方法，概述改进音乐治疗措施的可行性。这是一篇叙事性综述，基于 2000 年至 2022 年期间 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中的相关文献。这项工作旨在鼓励在自闭症患者中更广泛地应用音乐疗法，帮助他们康复并融入主流社会。
{"title":"The Application of Music Therapy in Children with Autism","authors":"Peijin Liu, Shigao Huang","doi":"10.2174/0126660822277411240111103907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822277411240111103907","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Autism rehabilitation is a global public health issue. Given the urgency and importance\u0000of promoting therapeutic interventions for autism, research into the rehabilitation\u0000of children with autism has swiftly become a focal point across medical, psychological,\u0000and educational circles. Clinical observations suggest that most children with autism\u0000demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to music compared to the general population, rendering\u0000music a novel therapeutic intervention. Decades of research into music therapy and\u0000autism have primarily focused on enhancing children's emotional state, communication\u0000skills, cognitive abilities, and behavioral imitation interaction. However, due to a lack of\u0000systematic theoretical expertise and interdisciplinary integration, there is currently no effective\u0000treatment method for autism. This review uses the piano as an example, summarizing\u0000the intervention methods of music games for children with autism, exploring new avenues\u0000and educational methods for rehabilitation, and outlining the feasibility of improving\u0000music therapy measures. This is a narrative review based on the relevant literature from\u0000PubMed and Google Scholar databases between 2000 to 2022. This work aims to encourage\u0000the broader application of music therapy among individuals with autism to aid their\u0000rehabilitation and integration into mainstream society.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0126660822277500240109050359
Shankar Ganesh M, V. N
Mental illness remains a global public health concern, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. However, barriers such as limited access to mental healthcare, stigma, and resource constraints hinder effective interventions and treatment. The fourth industrial age, marked by the integration of artificial intelligence technologies, offers innovative solutions to revolutionize mental health counseling and support. This review explores the challenges faced in traditional mental healthcare and proposes the integration of AI-generated health counseling as a transformative approach. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants present accessible, cost-effective alternatives that overcome geographical barriers and combat stigma. These chatbots employ natural language processing and machine learning to engage users in personalized and interactive conversations. Chatbots also offer continuous support, psychoeducation, and coping strategies. Virtual Reality Therapy leverages AI to create realistic simulations for exposure therapy, proving effective in treating anxiety disorders and PTSD. AI-driven voice assistants and virtual coaches enhance mental health counseling by delivering behavioral therapy and improving symptoms of depression and anxiety. They enhance accessibility, provide 24/7 support, and reduce stigma, offering personalized support tailored to individual needs. Integrating AI-generated health counseling in mental healthcare can bridge treatment gaps, improve accessibility, and strengthen the patient-provider relationship. AI serves as a valuable supplement, working collaboratively with human therapists to provide comprehensive care. Embracing AI technologies responsibly holds promise for the future of mental health counseling and offers transformative possibilities to address the global burden of mental illness.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Health Counseling For\u0000Mental Illness Patients","authors":"Shankar Ganesh M, V. N","doi":"10.2174/0126660822277500240109050359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822277500240109050359","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mental illness remains a global public health concern, affecting\u0000millions of individuals worldwide. However, barriers such as limited access to mental\u0000healthcare, stigma, and resource constraints hinder effective interventions and treatment.\u0000The fourth industrial age, marked by the integration of artificial intelligence technologies,\u0000offers innovative solutions to revolutionize mental health counseling and support.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review explores the challenges faced in traditional mental healthcare and\u0000proposes the integration of AI-generated health counseling as a transformative approach.\u0000AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants present accessible, cost-effective alternatives\u0000that overcome geographical barriers and combat stigma. These chatbots employ natural\u0000language processing and machine learning to engage users in personalized and interactive\u0000conversations. Chatbots also offer continuous support, psychoeducation, and coping strategies.\u0000Virtual Reality Therapy leverages AI to create realistic simulations for exposure therapy,\u0000proving effective in treating anxiety disorders and PTSD. AI-driven voice assistants\u0000and virtual coaches enhance mental health counseling by delivering behavioral therapy and\u0000improving symptoms of depression and anxiety.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000They enhance accessibility, provide 24/7 support, and reduce stigma, offering\u0000personalized support tailored to individual needs. Integrating AI-generated health counseling\u0000in mental healthcare can bridge treatment gaps, improve accessibility, and strengthen\u0000the patient-provider relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000AI serves as a valuable supplement, working collaboratively with human\u0000therapists to provide comprehensive care. Embracing AI technologies responsibly holds\u0000promise for the future of mental health counseling and offers transformative possibilities to\u0000address the global burden of mental illness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.2174/0126660822277544231207111352
S. Rahsepar, Golnaz Abbasi Karizaki, Sara Samadi, Vahid Jomehzadeh, Seyed Alireza Sadjadi, Amirhosein Mohammadpour, O. Arasteh, T. Johnston, A. Sahebkar
Bipolar disorder is a complex mental disorder with a multifactorial pathology. Meta-analyses have shown that bipolar disorder is associated with imbalanced oxidative status, which can contribute to disease progression. Therefore, restoring the oxidative imbalance could be beneficial in the treatment of bipolar disorder. The firstline pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder is lithium, anticonvulsants (particularly sodium valproate), and atypical antipsychotics. In the present review, we sought to describe the effects of these first-line medications on oxidative stress in bipolar patients. We systematically searched databases through January 2022, including the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, with no language or time restrictions. Eligible articles that assessed oxidative markers in bipolar patients following standard pharmacotherapy were included. According to Newcastle Ottawa and NIH scales, the overall quality of the included articles was low, and their heterogeneity prevented us from performing a meta-analysis. We found that standard medications, especially lithium, can potentially alleviate oxidative imbalance based on a reduction in oxidative markers, such as TBARs and MDA, although randomized clinical trials are needed to unequivocally confirm these results.
{"title":"The Effects of Standard Pharmacotherapy on Oxidative Stress\u0000Markers in Bipolar Patients: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Rahsepar, Golnaz Abbasi Karizaki, Sara Samadi, Vahid Jomehzadeh, Seyed Alireza Sadjadi, Amirhosein Mohammadpour, O. Arasteh, T. Johnston, A. Sahebkar","doi":"10.2174/0126660822277544231207111352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822277544231207111352","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Bipolar disorder is a complex mental disorder with a multifactorial pathology. Meta-analyses have shown that bipolar disorder is associated with imbalanced oxidative status, which can contribute to disease progression. Therefore, restoring\u0000the oxidative imbalance could be beneficial in the treatment of bipolar disorder. The firstline pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder is lithium, anticonvulsants (particularly sodium\u0000valproate), and atypical antipsychotics. In the present review, we sought to describe the\u0000effects of these first-line medications on oxidative stress in bipolar patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We systematically searched databases through January 2022, including the Web\u0000of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, with no language or time restrictions. Eligible\u0000articles that assessed oxidative markers in bipolar patients following standard pharmacotherapy were included.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to Newcastle Ottawa and NIH scales, the overall quality of the included\u0000articles was low, and their heterogeneity prevented us from performing a meta-analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We found that standard medications, especially lithium, can potentially alleviate oxidative imbalance based on a reduction in oxidative markers, such as TBARs and\u0000MDA, although randomized clinical trials are needed to unequivocally confirm these results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0126660822272097231227114220
Mandana Haghshenas, Elham Moein Poor
Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) presents with a constant unwelcome sensation of genital arousal. Moreover, restless genital syndrome (RGS) is one of the restless leg syndrome (RLS) variants. We aimed to clarify the differences between clinical diagnoses of these two similar conditions. Assessing the circadian pattern of symptoms, the simultaneous presence of RLS and restless bladder syndrome, exacerbation of symptoms with caffeine use, healing with magnesium use, and familial history of RLS helped us with the differentiation between PGAD and RGS. We propose to rule out the diagnosis of RGS in all patients with PGAD symptoms.
{"title":"Differentiation of Restless Genital Syndrome from Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"Mandana Haghshenas, Elham Moein Poor","doi":"10.2174/0126660822272097231227114220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822272097231227114220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) presents with a constant\u0000unwelcome sensation of genital arousal. Moreover, restless genital syndrome (RGS) is one\u0000of the restless leg syndrome (RLS) variants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We aimed to clarify the differences between clinical diagnoses of\u0000these two similar conditions. Assessing the circadian pattern of symptoms, the simultaneous\u0000presence of RLS and restless bladder syndrome, exacerbation of symptoms with caffeine\u0000use, healing with magnesium use, and familial history of RLS helped us with the\u0000differentiation between PGAD and RGS.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We propose to rule out the diagnosis of RGS in all patients with PGAD\u0000symptoms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on research evidence, intentional poisoning has a relatively high prevalence among people with psychiatric disorders, and the diagnosis of psychological disorders can be an important predictor of suicide attempts and their recurrence. Gender presents a determinant in the occurrence of psychiatric conditions and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide attempts, psychiatric disorders, and gender in individuals hospitalized due to intentional poisoning. This study used the data obtained from the disease registration program based on the data of the patients hospitalized due to intentional poisoning during a two-year followup (2021-2022), including a total of 658 patients. In this study, log-linear models were used to assess the relationships between the main variables that independently entered the model. The outputs of the log-linear model we reanalyzed as independent, two-way, threeway, and saturated models using relevant fit indices. Finally, the results of the best model were presented. Based on the conditional values retrieved from the final model, the risk of intentional poisoning was lower in women than in men after adjusting for the variables of a history of suicide attempts and the results of psychological assessment (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.37, p = < 0.001). The risk of suicide attempts in women suffering from underlying psychiatric disorders (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 0.81-2.99, p = 0.188) and in women without underlying psychiatric disease, which was not statistically significant (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.47-2.69, p = 0.785). Also, the results showed that the risk of psychiatric disorders in people who had a prior suicide attempt (OR= 1.88, 95% CI: 1.05-2.25, p = < 0.001) and in women (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.05-2.77, p = < 0.001) was statistically significant. Based on our findings, men suffering from underlying psychological disorders and prior suicide attempts had a higher risk for intentional poisoning. On the other hand, among people without a history of suicide attempts and without underlying psychological disorders, the risk of intentional poisoning was higher in women. Moreover, a positive history of suicide attempts in both genders significantly increases the risk of having a psychological disorder. Therefore, it seems that underlying psychological disorders and a positive history of suicide attempts render women more vulnerable to intentional poisoning than men. Overall, it is suggested to consider screening for psychological disorders as a preventive measure in individuals proven to have intentional poisoning and suicide attempts, especially in men.
{"title":"Interaction Effects between Intentional Poison, Suicide Attempts,\u0000Psychological Disorders, and Gender Using Log-linear Models\u0000Approach","authors":"Yousef Veisani, Maryam Kheiry, Hojjat Sayyadi, Ghobad Moradi","doi":"10.2174/0126660822270224231220063420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822270224231220063420","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Based on research evidence, intentional poisoning has a relatively\u0000high prevalence among people with psychiatric disorders, and the diagnosis of psychological\u0000disorders can be an important predictor of suicide attempts and their recurrence. Gender\u0000presents a determinant in the occurrence of psychiatric conditions and suicidal behaviors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide attempts, psychiatric\u0000disorders, and gender in individuals hospitalized due to intentional poisoning.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study used the data obtained from the disease registration program based on\u0000the data of the patients hospitalized due to intentional poisoning during a two-year followup\u0000(2021-2022), including a total of 658 patients. In this study, log-linear models were\u0000used to assess the relationships between the main variables that independently entered the\u0000model. The outputs of the log-linear model we reanalyzed as independent, two-way, threeway,\u0000and saturated models using relevant fit indices. Finally, the results of the best model\u0000were presented.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the conditional values retrieved from the final model, the risk of intentional\u0000poisoning was lower in women than in men after adjusting for the variables of a history\u0000of suicide attempts and the results of psychological assessment (OR=0.25, 95% CI:\u00000.16-0.37, p = < 0.001). The risk of suicide attempts in women suffering from underlying\u0000psychiatric disorders (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 0.81-2.99, p = 0.188) and in women without underlying\u0000psychiatric disease, which was not statistically significant (OR=1.07, 95% CI:\u00000.47-2.69, p = 0.785). Also, the results showed that the risk of psychiatric disorders in\u0000people who had a prior suicide attempt (OR= 1.88, 95% CI: 1.05-2.25, p = < 0.001) and in\u0000women (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.05-2.77, p = < 0.001) was statistically significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on our findings, men suffering from underlying psychological disorders\u0000and prior suicide attempts had a higher risk for intentional poisoning. On the other\u0000hand, among people without a history of suicide attempts and without underlying psychological\u0000disorders, the risk of intentional poisoning was higher in women. Moreover, a positive\u0000history of suicide attempts in both genders significantly increases the risk of having a\u0000psychological disorder. Therefore, it seems that underlying psychological disorders and a\u0000positive history of suicide attempts render women more vulnerable to intentional poisoning\u0000than men. Overall, it is suggested to consider screening for psychological disorders as a\u0000preventive measure in individuals proven to have intentional poisoning and suicide attempts,\u0000especially in men.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0126660822275897231211062850
H. T. Hashim, Mehr Muhammad Adeel Riaz, Askar Shah, Jaffar Shah, H. T. Ali, Ali Talib Hashim, Idris Sula
Drug and stimulant abuse is especially common in low and middle- income countries, such as Iraq and certain populations, such as highway drivers. Moreover, Iraq has high rates of traffic and road accidents. Our objective was to assess the associations of using stimulants with traffic events among highway drivers in Iraq. We used a cross-sectional study design, in which a self-administered questionnaire was distributed online on different social media platforms. The study included male highway drivers who used drugs from all provinces of Iraq. The questionnaire consisted of demographic questions and an addiction questionnaire about stimulants specially validated for the Arabic language. We followed a convenience sampling method to recruit participants. A total of 1700 participants from 18 provinces were included with a median (IQR) age of 34 (24:55) years. Around 58% used drugs for reasons other than medical indications, while 81% reported abusing prescription drugs. Amphetamine and cocaine were used by 52% and 20% of the participants, respectively. Around 84% of the drivers had at least 56 driving hours per week, while 87% were involved in illegal activities due to drug use. Most of the participants (78%) had accidents at least three times per month. Most of the participants had social and medical issues. Drug use, especially stimulant use, is a major contributor to road accidents and thus, increased morbidity and mortality rates in Iraq. Urgent policies and regulations are needed regarding the dispensing of drugs and the working hours of the drivers.
{"title":"Stimulant Drug Using, Road Traffic Accidents, and Illegal\u0000Activities among Highway Drivers in Iraq in 2022: A Nation-Wide\u0000Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"H. T. Hashim, Mehr Muhammad Adeel Riaz, Askar Shah, Jaffar Shah, H. T. Ali, Ali Talib Hashim, Idris Sula","doi":"10.2174/0126660822275897231211062850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822275897231211062850","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Drug and stimulant abuse is especially common in low and middle-\u0000income countries, such as Iraq and certain populations, such as highway drivers.\u0000Moreover, Iraq has high rates of traffic and road accidents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our objective was to assess the associations of using stimulants with traffic\u0000events among highway drivers in Iraq.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We used a cross-sectional study design, in which a self-administered questionnaire\u0000was distributed online on different social media platforms. The study included male\u0000highway drivers who used drugs from all provinces of Iraq. The questionnaire consisted of\u0000demographic questions and an addiction questionnaire about stimulants specially validated\u0000for the Arabic language. We followed a convenience sampling method to recruit participants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 1700 participants from 18 provinces were included with a median\u0000(IQR) age of 34 (24:55) years. Around 58% used drugs for reasons other than medical indications,\u0000while 81% reported abusing prescription drugs. Amphetamine and cocaine were\u0000used by 52% and 20% of the participants, respectively. Around 84% of the drivers had at\u0000least 56 driving hours per week, while 87% were involved in illegal activities due to drug\u0000use. Most of the participants (78%) had accidents at least three times per month. Most of\u0000the participants had social and medical issues.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Drug use, especially stimulant use, is a major contributor to road accidents\u0000and thus, increased morbidity and mortality rates in Iraq. Urgent policies and regulations\u0000are needed regarding the dispensing of drugs and the working hours of the drivers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0126660822272709231213062846
H. Ayadi, J. Boudabous, Ali Kerkeni, Mayssa Kraiem, Sourour Yaich, Y. Moalla
Clinical observations advocate for increasingly depressive disorders in children in Tunisia. However, no studies evaluating the prevalence of depression in Tunisian children have been published because of the lack of validated Arabic depression scale for children. Thus, we aimed to validate the Children’s Depression Inventory in its second edition (CDI-2). The present study was conducted on a representative sample of school-based Tunisian children in the city of Sfax. The sample was composed of 500 children aged 8– 12 years. The study took place in two phases. The first phase consisted of testing scales for participating children. During the second phase, children with depressive symptoms, according to the CDI-2, were invited for psychiatric interviews. Statistical evaluation included an assessment of the CDI-2 internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity. Multi-trait scaling analysis was used to examine item convergent and discriminant validity. The CDI-2 was reliable in terms of internal consistency (0.887), with item-total score correlations ranging from 0.311 to 0.674. All items exceeded the 0.4 criterion for convergent validity in all subscales. The mean total score of the CDI-2 for the whole sample was 12.59 (SD=9.28). CDI-2 and DSRS-C scores correlated 0.775. Correlations between DSRS-C scores and CDI-2 subscales ranged from 0.66 to 0.783. We concluded that the CDI-2 Arabic version has satisfactory psychometric properties and is reliable for use in the Tunisian pediatric population.
{"title":"Tunisian Validation of The Children’s Depression Inventory-2 in\u0000School-based Children","authors":"H. Ayadi, J. Boudabous, Ali Kerkeni, Mayssa Kraiem, Sourour Yaich, Y. Moalla","doi":"10.2174/0126660822272709231213062846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822272709231213062846","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Clinical observations advocate for increasingly depressive disorders in children in Tunisia. However, no studies evaluating the prevalence of depression in\u0000Tunisian children have been published because of the lack of validated Arabic depression\u0000scale for children.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thus, we aimed to validate the Children’s Depression Inventory in its second edition\u0000(CDI-2).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study was conducted on a representative sample of school-based Tunisian children in the city of Sfax. The sample was composed of 500 children aged 8– 12\u0000years. The study took place in two phases. The first phase consisted of testing scales for\u0000participating children. During the second phase, children with depressive symptoms, according to the CDI-2, were invited for psychiatric interviews. Statistical evaluation included an assessment of the CDI-2 internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent\u0000validity. Multi-trait scaling analysis was used to examine item convergent and discriminant\u0000validity. The CDI-2 was reliable in terms of internal consistency (0.887), with item-total\u0000score correlations ranging from 0.311 to 0.674. All items exceeded the 0.4 criterion for\u0000convergent validity in all subscales.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean total score of the CDI-2 for the whole sample was 12.59 (SD=9.28).\u0000CDI-2 and DSRS-C scores correlated 0.775. Correlations between DSRS-C scores and\u0000CDI-2 subscales ranged from 0.66 to 0.783.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We concluded that the CDI-2 Arabic version has satisfactory psychometric\u0000properties and is reliable for use in the Tunisian pediatric population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0126660822275034231214075211
Mohammad Hosein Hayavi-Haghighi, Somayeh Davoodi, Marjan Mosallanejad
Given the importance of anxiety management in pandemics, this study evaluated the effectiveness of telepsychiatry in reducing anxiety in outpatients with COVID-19 and their satisfaction. This RCT was conducted in a health center in which 188 COVID-19 outpatients participated. First, anxiety level was measured in both the intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Then, the IG was offered four educational contents via WhatsApp for four consecutive weeks. One month later, participants completed the BAI questionnaire again, and the CG completed a satisfaction questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests were applied. Psychosomatic complications were significantly reduced only in IG, but physical complications were reduced in both groups. Total anxiety also decreased significantly in both groups, but more significantly in IG (p < .001 for IG and p < .039 for CG). The efficacy of telepsychiatry in reducing anxiety in healthcare workers was greater than in other occupational groups. There was no significant relationship between other demographic variables and telepsychiatry effectiveness. Seventy-eight percent of IG participants had a high level of satisfaction and 70.3% expressed a high desire to receive telepsychiatry in the future. The most important advantages of telepsychiatry were observing social distance, saving time, and reducing costs. In addition, The most important challenges were the lack of face-to-face contact, the lack of previous experience, and the late response of the psychologist. Telepsychiatry effectively reduced moderate anxiety related to COVID-19 and provided high satisfaction.
{"title":"Effectiveness and Patient Satisfaction of Telepsychiatry Services\u0000for Reducing Anxiety in COVID-19 Outpatients: A Assessor\u0000Blinded RCT","authors":"Mohammad Hosein Hayavi-Haghighi, Somayeh Davoodi, Marjan Mosallanejad","doi":"10.2174/0126660822275034231214075211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822275034231214075211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Given the importance of anxiety management in pandemics, this\u0000study evaluated the effectiveness of telepsychiatry in reducing anxiety in outpatients with\u0000COVID-19 and their satisfaction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This RCT was conducted in a health center in which 188 COVID-19 outpatients\u0000participated. First, anxiety level was measured in both the intervention (IG) and control\u0000(CG) groups using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Then, the IG was offered four educational contents via WhatsApp for four consecutive weeks. One month later, participants\u0000completed the BAI questionnaire again, and the CG completed a satisfaction questionnaire.\u0000Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests were applied.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Psychosomatic complications were significantly reduced only in IG, but physical\u0000complications were reduced in both groups. Total anxiety also decreased significantly in\u0000both groups, but more significantly in IG (p < .001 for IG and p < .039 for CG). The efficacy of telepsychiatry in reducing anxiety in healthcare workers was greater than in other\u0000occupational groups. There was no significant relationship between other demographic\u0000variables and telepsychiatry effectiveness. Seventy-eight percent of IG participants had a\u0000high level of satisfaction and 70.3% expressed a high desire to receive telepsychiatry in the\u0000future. The most important advantages of telepsychiatry were observing social distance,\u0000saving time, and reducing costs. In addition, The most important challenges were the lack\u0000of face-to-face contact, the lack of previous experience, and the late response of the psychologist.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Telepsychiatry effectively reduced moderate anxiety related to COVID-19\u0000and provided high satisfaction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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