Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220829115417
J. J. Javela, María Antonia Londoño-Cortés, Maria Camila Idárraga-López, L. Cudris-Torres, R. Mercadillo
Understanding how people respond to societal problems requires analyzing the experience and expression of moral emotions (ME). Despite the fact that various research on moral emotions have been conducted in Latin America, this analysis has yet to be completed, despite the fact that it is particularly important due to its link to violence and inequality. The goal of this paper is to evaluate ME research in Latin America and discuss it within the context of a socio-cultural and socio-economic analysis of this region of the world. The PRISMA searching method was applied in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Redalyc databases. The findings revealed 58 publications in Latin America that dealt with moral feelings and were consequently studied. Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Chile are the countries that have tackled the issue the most. Compassion, devotion, and gratitude were the three most explored MS and associated themes. The impact of moral emotions on persons living in various Latin American environments, as well as their prosocial acts aimed at combating violence and inequality, is revealed.
{"title":"Moral Emotions in the Latin-America: A Socio-cultural and Socio-economic analysis","authors":"J. J. Javela, María Antonia Londoño-Cortés, Maria Camila Idárraga-López, L. Cudris-Torres, R. Mercadillo","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220829115417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220829115417","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Understanding how people respond to societal problems requires analyzing the experience and expression of moral emotions (ME). Despite the fact that various research on moral emotions have been conducted in Latin America, this analysis has yet to be completed, despite the fact that it is particularly important due to its link to violence and inequality.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The goal of this paper is to evaluate ME research in Latin America and discuss it within the context of a socio-cultural and socio-economic analysis of this region of the world. The PRISMA searching method was applied in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Redalyc databases.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The findings revealed 58 publications in Latin America that dealt with moral feelings and were consequently studied. Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Chile are the countries that have tackled the issue the most. Compassion, devotion, and gratitude were the three most explored MS and associated themes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The impact of moral emotions on persons living in various Latin American environments, as well as their prosocial acts aimed at combating violence and inequality, is revealed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44618869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220823153739
S. Kaman, Ankita Sharma, Romi Banerjee
We initiated a systematic review to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its long-term effects - in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases - on people with or without psychosis. We envisioned that this would give us an insight into effective clinical intervention methods for patients with psychosis during and after the pandemic. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the constant transformation of the SARS-COV-2 virus form, exposure to substantial psychosocial stress, environmental change, and isolation have led to the inference that the overall population's mental health could be affected, resulting in an increase in cases of psychosis. We selected fifteen papers that met our inclusion criteria, i.e., those that considered participants with or without psychiatric illness and exposed to SARS-COV-2 infection, for this review and were retrieved via Google, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO Database. There is a dearth of research in understanding how COVID-19 affects people with or without a prior personal history of psychosis. The systematic review summary provides insight into the state of knowledge. Insights from the systematic review have also been reviewed from the salutogenesis model's perspective. There is moderate evidence of new-onset psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in which some antipsychotics treated the psychotic symptoms of patients while treating for COVID-19. Suggestions and recommendations are made for preventive and promotive public health strategies. The Salutogenesis model and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) provide another preventive and promotive public health management approach.
{"title":"Association between COVID-19 Pandemic and Serious Mental Illness: Systematic Review within Salutogenesis Model for Public Health Management","authors":"S. Kaman, Ankita Sharma, Romi Banerjee","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220823153739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220823153739","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000We initiated a systematic review to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its long-term effects - in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases - on people with or without psychosis. We envisioned that this would give us an insight into effective clinical intervention methods for patients with psychosis during and after the pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the constant transformation of the SARS-COV-2 virus form, exposure to substantial psychosocial stress, environmental change, and isolation have led to the inference that the overall population's mental health could be affected, resulting in an increase in cases of psychosis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We selected fifteen papers that met our inclusion criteria, i.e., those that considered participants with or without psychiatric illness and exposed to SARS-COV-2 infection, for this review and were retrieved via Google, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO Database.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There is a dearth of research in understanding how COVID-19 affects people with or without a prior personal history of psychosis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The systematic review summary provides insight into the state of knowledge. Insights from the systematic review have also been reviewed from the salutogenesis model's perspective. There is moderate evidence of new-onset psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in which some antipsychotics treated the psychotic symptoms of patients while treating for COVID-19. Suggestions and recommendations are made for preventive and promotive public health strategies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Salutogenesis model and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) provide another preventive and promotive public health management approach.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220822163152
M. Colizzi, Giulia Antolini, Elena Puttini, R. Bortoletto, Carolina Begnini, L. Zoccante
Factitious Disorder is a condition included among psychiatric disorders, where symptoms are intentionally produced to seek medical attention. Its epidemiology, treatment, and outcome are largely unknown. To increase knowledge of the condition, we discuss a pediatric case where the patient feigned neuropsychiatric symptoms. A 15-year-old female adolescent presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms suggestive of rare conditions such as Delusional Misidentification Syndrome [i.e., Capgras and Fregoli syndromes] and Developmental Prosopagnosia as well as epileptic seizures. When a Delusional Misidentification Syndrome was suspected, she was treated with Risperidone. Due to suboptimal response, Alprazolam and Sertraline were added and then Risperidone was cross-titrated to Haloperidol. The condition severity led to her admission to an inpatient Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit. MRI scan and electroencephalographic recording were normal. The self- and parent-reported psychological assessment indicated several psychiatric symptoms. Instead, the clinician-administered Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology suggested a fake-bad profile and neuropsychiatric symptom simulation. Along with evidence of incongruent symptoms between the patient’s interviews, such investigations led to the diagnosis of Factitious Disorder. Psychopharmacological treatment was discontinued, and psychological support was offered to the patient and her parents. Increasing knowledge about Factitious Disorder is needed.
{"title":"Feigning Capgras Syndrome and Developmental Prosopagnosia: a rare case of Pediatric Factitious Disorder?","authors":"M. Colizzi, Giulia Antolini, Elena Puttini, R. Bortoletto, Carolina Begnini, L. Zoccante","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220822163152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220822163152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Factitious Disorder is a condition included among psychiatric disorders, where symptoms are intentionally produced to seek medical attention. Its epidemiology, treatment, and outcome are largely unknown.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To increase knowledge of the condition, we discuss a pediatric case where the patient feigned neuropsychiatric symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A 15-year-old female adolescent presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms suggestive of rare conditions such as Delusional Misidentification Syndrome [i.e., Capgras and Fregoli syndromes] and Developmental Prosopagnosia as well as epileptic seizures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000When a Delusional Misidentification Syndrome was suspected, she was treated with Risperidone. Due to suboptimal response, Alprazolam and Sertraline were added and then Risperidone was cross-titrated to Haloperidol. The condition severity led to her admission to an inpatient Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit. MRI scan and electroencephalographic recording were normal. The self- and parent-reported psychological assessment indicated several psychiatric symptoms. Instead, the clinician-administered Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology suggested a fake-bad profile and neuropsychiatric symptom simulation. Along with evidence of incongruent symptoms between the patient’s interviews, such investigations led to the diagnosis of Factitious Disorder. Psychopharmacological treatment was discontinued, and psychological support was offered to the patient and her parents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Increasing knowledge about Factitious Disorder is needed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44065765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220822161347
Jorge Eduardo Navarro- Obeid, Efraín Javier De la Hoz-Granadillo, María Laura Vergara Álvarez
The world health organization has indicated that the problem of COVID-19 and confinement generated strong psychological impacts on the world population. Much of the research has focused on studying mental health in different population groups, leaving aside a positive mental health perspective. The intention of the present research was to establish positive mental health profiles in confined women due to COVID-19 during 2020. The factors of personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problema-solving, self-actualization, and interpersonal relationships were assessed through the application of Lluch's positive mental health scale, in a sample of 202 confined women in the Department of Sucre, Colombia, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. In addition, cluster analysis models were applied to identify psychological profiles of positive mental health and characterize sociodemographic variables, the selected model was evaluated and validated using the statistical technique of discriminant analysis using Minitab 18 software showed a positive mental health differentiation in women from which four psychological profiles of positive mental health could be identified, with scores of 14.10 in profile 1, 11.41 in profile 2, 9.15 in profile 3, and 7.56 in profile 4. The positive mental health factors used showed an ability to discriminate in 92.6% of the cases in the profiles. the identified profiles are significant and important to characterize psychometric profiles of positive mental health of confined women, which are important results for their diagnosis and the development of public policies for their treatment.
{"title":"Psychological Profiles Of Positive Mental Health Of Women In Situation Of Confinement Due To Covid-19","authors":"Jorge Eduardo Navarro- Obeid, Efraín Javier De la Hoz-Granadillo, María Laura Vergara Álvarez","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220822161347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220822161347","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The world health organization has indicated that the problem of COVID-19 and confinement generated strong psychological impacts on the world population. Much of the research has focused on studying mental health in different population groups, leaving aside a positive mental health perspective.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The intention of the present research was to establish positive mental health profiles in confined women due to COVID-19 during 2020.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The factors of personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problema-solving, self-actualization, and interpersonal relationships were assessed through the application of Lluch's positive mental health scale, in a sample of 202 confined women in the Department of Sucre, Colombia, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. In addition, cluster analysis models were applied to identify psychological profiles of positive mental health and characterize sociodemographic variables, the selected model was evaluated and validated using the statistical technique of discriminant analysis using Minitab 18 software\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000showed a positive mental health differentiation in women from which four psychological profiles of positive mental health could be identified, with scores of 14.10 in profile 1, 11.41 in profile 2, 9.15 in profile 3, and 7.56 in profile 4. The positive mental health factors used showed an ability to discriminate in 92.6% of the cases in the profiles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000the identified profiles are significant and important to characterize psychometric profiles of positive mental health of confined women, which are important results for their diagnosis and the development of public policies for their treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220822154558
S. Bhatt, Tanuj Upadhyay, C. Patil, K. Pai, D. Chellappan, K. Dua
Oxidative stress (OS) is a chief contributing factor in the pathological advancement of Schizophrenia (SCZ). In recent years, OS has emerged as an important aspect in the SCZ research and provides abundant opportunities and expectation for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to novel treatment strategies. The increased OS and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to damage of cellular macromolecules. The excessive OS is associated with several physiological processes such as dysfunction of mitochondria and neuroglia, inflammation, underactive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the abnormalities of fast-spiking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons. The method adopted for the study are mainly based on the secondary search through a systemic literature review. The role of various anti-oxidants including vitamins are discussed in the reduction of SCZ. Various preclinical and clinical evidence are also suggesting the involvement of OS and ROS in the progression of the disease. Recent human trials have shown that treatment with antioxidants to be effective in ameliorating symptoms and delaying the progression of SCZ pathology. The studies demonstrated that Innate and dietary antioxidants have shown beneficial effects by reducing the severity of positive symptoms (PS) and/or negative symptoms (NS) of SCZ. The present review critically evaluates the effect of antioxidants and highlights the role of OS in SCZ.
氧化应激(OS)是导致精神分裂症(SCZ)病理进展的主要因素。近年来，OS已成为SCZ研究的一个重要方面，为更好地了解其病理生理提供了丰富的机会和期望，从而可能导致新的治疗策略。活性氧的增加和活性氧(ROS)的形成导致细胞大分子的损伤。过量的OS与线粒体和神经胶质细胞功能障碍、炎症、n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体活性低下和快速脉冲γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)中间神经元异常等生理过程有关。本研究采用的方法主要是通过系统的文献综述进行二次检索。讨论了包括维生素在内的各种抗氧化剂在降低SCZ中的作用。各种临床前和临床证据也表明OS和ROS参与了疾病的进展。最近的人体试验表明抗氧化剂治疗在改善症状和延缓SCZ病理进展方面是有效的。研究表明，先天抗氧化剂和膳食抗氧化剂通过降低SCZ阳性症状(PS)和/或阴性症状(NS)的严重程度而显示出有益的效果。本文对抗氧化剂的作用进行了批判性评价，并强调了OS在SCZ中的作用。
{"title":"Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiological Progression of Schizophrenia","authors":"S. Bhatt, Tanuj Upadhyay, C. Patil, K. Pai, D. Chellappan, K. Dua","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220822154558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220822154558","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oxidative stress (OS) is a chief contributing factor in the pathological advancement of Schizophrenia (SCZ). In recent years, OS has emerged as an important aspect in the SCZ research and provides abundant opportunities and expectation for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to novel treatment strategies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The increased OS and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to damage of cellular macromolecules. The excessive OS is associated with several physiological processes such as dysfunction of mitochondria and neuroglia, inflammation, underactive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the abnormalities of fast-spiking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The method adopted for the study are mainly based on the secondary search through a systemic literature review. The role of various anti-oxidants including vitamins are discussed in the reduction of SCZ.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Various preclinical and clinical evidence are also suggesting the involvement of OS and ROS in the progression of the disease. Recent human trials have shown that treatment with antioxidants to be effective in ameliorating symptoms and delaying the progression of SCZ pathology. The studies demonstrated that Innate and dietary antioxidants have shown beneficial effects by reducing the severity of positive symptoms (PS) and/or negative symptoms (NS) of SCZ.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present review critically evaluates the effect of antioxidants and highlights the role of OS in SCZ.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220822121039
E. Jenabi, Mahdieh Seyedi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei
There are few studies in the world on the duration of breastfeeding and the risk of autism. To our knowledge, no study has yet explained the association between breastfeeding duration and ASD in Iran. The present study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and the risk of ASD in offspring in the west of Iran. This case-control study was performed on 100 children aged 3-14 years who had a medical record in the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center and the Autism Association of Hamadan and were diagnosed with autism according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders [DSM-5] criteria. The control group included healthy children who had active family record in comprehensive health service centers. All analyzes were performed using Stata software version 14. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. After adjusting for other variables, each increase in the month of breastfeeding was associated with a 5% decrease in odds of ASD [OR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.99], P=0.03]. The odds of ASD in boys were significantly higher [OR=3.85 [95% CI: 1.91, 7.76], P<0.001]. Moreover, drug use [OR=0.01], history of autism [OR=6.62], history of psychiatry disorder [OR=7.2] were significantly associated with increased odds of ASD [P<0.05]. These findings showed that breastfeeding duration can be a protective factor for ASD. Therefore, policymakers and health staff can reduce the risk of autism by promoting increased breastfeeding duration, especially for children with high risk for autism.
{"title":"Is breastfeeding duration associated with risk of developing ASD?","authors":"E. Jenabi, Mahdieh Seyedi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220822121039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220822121039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There are few studies in the world on the duration of breastfeeding and the risk of autism. To our knowledge, no study has yet explained the association between breastfeeding duration and ASD in Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and the risk of ASD in offspring in the west of Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This case-control study was performed on 100 children aged 3-14 years who had a medical record in the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center and the Autism Association of Hamadan and were diagnosed with autism according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders [DSM-5] criteria. The control group included healthy children who had active family record in comprehensive health service centers. All analyzes were performed using Stata software version 14. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After adjusting for other variables, each increase in the month of breastfeeding was associated with a 5% decrease in odds of ASD [OR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.99], P=0.03]. The odds of ASD in boys were significantly higher [OR=3.85 [95% CI: 1.91, 7.76], P<0.001]. Moreover, drug use [OR=0.01], history of autism [OR=6.62], history of psychiatry disorder [OR=7.2] were significantly associated with increased odds of ASD [P<0.05].\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings showed that breastfeeding duration can be a protective factor for ASD. Therefore, policymakers and health staff can reduce the risk of autism by promoting increased breastfeeding duration, especially for children with high risk for autism.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42918152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220816100950
Marie-Sarah Girard, Julien Morizot
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition associated with numerous individual and collective negative consequences. According to several etiological theories and retrospective research, child maltreatment (CM) may be considered a central factor explaining BPD development. In order to verify this hypothesis, a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies was conducted. Following searches in five electronic databases, 19 articles that examined the relationship between CM (i.e., physical, sexual and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and BPD (i.e., diagnosis or severity score) were selected. Overall, the results only partly confirm the hypothesis that CM is a risk factor for BPD. Evidence for a prospective relationship between CM and later BPD is stronger in studies using a symptom count compared to a categorical diagnosis. However, the small number of studies precludes assessing the differential impacts between CM types and BPD. Available prospective longitudinal studies do not unequivocally support the idea that CM is a robust risk factor for BPD. Future research needs are discussed.
{"title":"Is Child Maltreatment a Risk Factor for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies","authors":"Marie-Sarah Girard, Julien Morizot","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220816100950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220816100950","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition associated with numerous individual and collective negative consequences. According to several etiological theories and retrospective research, child maltreatment (CM) may be considered a central factor explaining BPD development.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In order to verify this hypothesis, a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies was conducted.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Following searches in five electronic databases, 19 articles that examined the relationship between CM (i.e., physical, sexual and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and BPD (i.e., diagnosis or severity score) were selected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, the results only partly confirm the hypothesis that CM is a risk factor for BPD. Evidence for a prospective relationship between CM and later BPD is stronger in studies using a symptom count compared to a categorical diagnosis. However, the small number of studies precludes assessing the differential impacts between CM types and BPD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Available prospective longitudinal studies do not unequivocally support the idea that CM is a robust risk factor for BPD. Future research needs are discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220812114149
J. Morillo, V. Morillo, Maria Angelica Marquina, Milagros Rojas, M. Nava
The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on the population of the world, disrupting healthcare systems around the globe and leading to human and material losses. While different vaccines have been approved in record time, there continues to be a high number of daily new cases and patients face a wide range of presentations of the disease, from asymptomatic to potentially fatal. Therefore, the search for therapeutic agents that can aid in the management and control of the disease has become one of the main goals for researchers and clinicians. As an inflammatory disease, targets for the treatment of COVID-19 have largely involved the immune system. Inflammation has also been associated with mental health disorders, and studies have shown the potential involvement of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of depression. As a consequence, the hypothesis of using antidepressants and other psychotropics for the treatment of COVID-19 has emerged. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular pathways that could be involved as well as the emergent evidence that has been reported by studies performed since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. While it has been observed that there are potential therapeutic pathways for the use of antidepressants in the treatment of COVID-19, additional studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psychotropics in this disease.
{"title":"Use Of Psychotropics In Covid-19 – Another Anti-Inflammatory Pathway?","authors":"J. Morillo, V. Morillo, Maria Angelica Marquina, Milagros Rojas, M. Nava","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220812114149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220812114149","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on the population of the world, disrupting healthcare systems around the globe and leading to human and material losses. While different vaccines have been approved in record time, there continues to be a high number of daily new cases and patients face a wide range of presentations of the disease, from asymptomatic to potentially fatal. Therefore, the search for therapeutic agents that can aid in the management and control of the disease has become one of the main goals for researchers and clinicians. As an inflammatory disease, targets for the treatment of COVID-19 have largely involved the immune system. Inflammation has also been associated with mental health disorders, and studies have shown the potential involvement of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of depression. As a consequence, the hypothesis of using antidepressants and other psychotropics for the treatment of COVID-19 has emerged. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular pathways that could be involved as well as the emergent evidence that has been reported by studies performed since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. While it has been observed that there are potential therapeutic pathways for the use of antidepressants in the treatment of COVID-19, additional studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psychotropics in this disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220802122605
Z. Zanjani, Maryam Jandaghian, V. Ghorbani, S. Alvani, Sanaz Joekar
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's psychological functioning, including how the cope with anxiety. This study aimed to assess the role of coping styles on the relationship of COVID-19 anxiety and Washing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (W-OCD) symptoms. A cross-sectional study was performed on 420 people living in Kashan city (Iran) from March to April 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method due to the difficulties brought about by COVID-19 and completed the contamination subscale of Padua Inventory, Covid-19 anxiety inventory, and coping strategies scale. Data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS- 22. The results revealed that emotion focused, somatization and social support coping strategies were significantly associated with W-OCD symptoms. Also, there was a significant correlation between the Covid-19 anxiety with the W-OCD symptoms. SEM result revealed that emotion focused and somatization coping strategies positively mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and W-OCD symptoms. Emotion focused and somatization coping strategies increase W-OCD symptoms following COVID-19 anxiety. Psycho education interventions addressing COVID-19's physical and psychological impacts on health, discriminating the rational and adaptive behavior and obsessive and compulsive behaviors, restricting the information gathering from numerous sources which may lead to increased negative emotions might be helpful.
{"title":"COVID-19 anxiety and washing obsessive-compulsive symptoms: stress coping styles as a mediator..","authors":"Z. Zanjani, Maryam Jandaghian, V. Ghorbani, S. Alvani, Sanaz Joekar","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220802122605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220802122605","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's psychological functioning, including how the cope with anxiety. This study aimed to assess the role of coping styles on the relationship of COVID-19 anxiety and Washing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (W-OCD) symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional study was performed on 420 people living in Kashan city (Iran) from March to April 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method due to the difficulties brought about by COVID-19 and completed the contamination subscale of Padua Inventory, Covid-19 anxiety inventory, and coping strategies scale. Data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS- 22.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results revealed that emotion focused, somatization and social support coping strategies were significantly associated with W-OCD symptoms. Also, there was a significant correlation between the Covid-19 anxiety with the W-OCD symptoms. SEM result revealed that emotion focused and somatization coping strategies positively mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and W-OCD symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Emotion focused and somatization coping strategies increase W-OCD symptoms following COVID-19 anxiety. Psycho education interventions addressing COVID-19's physical and psychological impacts on health, discriminating the rational and adaptive behavior and obsessive and compulsive behaviors, restricting the information gathering from numerous sources which may lead to increased negative emotions might be helpful.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220802112458
Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția, Adela Hanga
Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. Due to the possibility of relatively robust control over clinical symptoms, the focus of care for schizophrenia patients has shifted from institutionalized to community-based outpatient treatment options. While this change in paradigm allows affected individuals to socialize and take part in everyday activities, it has also increased the burden on family caregivers. At the same time, the interpretation of self-reported quality of life scores can be challenging due to known influencing factors like changes in internal standards, values, and goals. We present the theory of response shift as an adaptive mechanism that summarizes these complex changes and explains the seemingly contradicting long-term findings regarding quality of life ratings in informal caregivers. This state-of-the-art narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of the most critical factors that negatively impact the quality of life of caregivers and to summarize the current evidence, if any, of the response shifts in nonprofessional family caregivers. To our knowledge it is the first time that response shift and its impact on quality of life in family caregivers of patients is reviewed in this way.
{"title":"Response Shift as a Possible Obstacle in Assessing Perceived Quality of Life and Burden of Care in Informal Caregivers of Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review","authors":"Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția, Adela Hanga","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220802112458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220802112458","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. Due to the possibility of relatively robust control over clinical symptoms, the focus of care for schizophrenia patients has shifted from institutionalized to community-based outpatient treatment options. While this change in paradigm allows affected individuals to socialize and take part in everyday activities, it has also increased the burden on family caregivers. At the same time, the interpretation of self-reported quality of life scores can be challenging due to known influencing factors like changes in internal standards, values, and goals. We present the theory of response shift as an adaptive mechanism that summarizes these complex changes and explains the seemingly contradicting long-term findings regarding quality of life ratings in informal caregivers.\u0000This state-of-the-art narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of the most critical factors that negatively impact the quality of life of caregivers and to summarize the current evidence, if any, of the response shifts in nonprofessional family caregivers. To our knowledge it is the first time that response shift and its impact on quality of life in family caregivers of patients is reviewed in this way.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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