Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230316144225
P. Theofilou
Parental stress and depression are factors that significantly affect the exercise of the parental role and have an impact on the upbringing of children and their quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between the dependent variables of quality of life, anxiety and depression in relation to the demographic characteristics, as an independent variable, in the entire sample before the implementation of parent counseling. A sample of 160 parents was collected to participate. The psychometric tools have been used are: The Spielberger Stress Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck depression Inventory (BDI), and the Health and well-being Questionnaire (The RAND 36-Item Healthy Survey, SF-36, Version 1.0). It was found that men have better quality of life in both physical and emotional health, lower anxiety and depression. A positive correlation between age and emotional health was found. Younger parents have more anxiety, depression and generally poorer emotional health than older parents. It was found that men have better quality of life in both physical and emotional health, lower anxiety and depression. A positive correlation between age and emotional health was found. Younger parents have more anxiety, depression and generally poorer emotional health than older parents.
{"title":"Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life among Parents Attending School Counseling Programs: Are they Effected by Sociodemographic Characteristics?","authors":"P. Theofilou","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230316144225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230316144225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Parental stress and depression are factors that significantly affect the exercise of the parental role and have an impact on the upbringing of children and their quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between the dependent variables of quality of life, anxiety and depression in relation to the demographic characteristics, as an independent variable, in the entire sample before the implementation of parent counseling. A sample of 160 parents was collected to participate. The psychometric tools have been used are: The Spielberger Stress Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck depression Inventory (BDI), and the Health and well-being Questionnaire (The RAND 36-Item Healthy Survey, SF-36, Version 1.0). It was found that men have better quality of life in both physical and emotional health, lower anxiety and depression. A positive correlation between age and emotional health was found. Younger parents have more anxiety, depression and generally poorer emotional health than older parents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was found that men have better quality of life in both physical and emotional health, lower anxiety and depression. A positive correlation between age and emotional health was found. Younger parents have more anxiety, depression and generally poorer emotional health than older parents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230302142608
Rajat Hegde, P. Gai, Smita Hegde, S. Kulkarni, Kusal K. Das
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between an organism's reactive oxygen species [ROS] production and antioxidant defence capacity. Long-term oxidative stress contributes to cellular ageing and plays a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Several investigations indicated that oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of ASD. Present study was undertaken to record the association of GSTTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype among the autistic population of India. Genomic DNA was isolated from 108 autistic children along with healthy age-matched control. The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA were analysed. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was analysed using polymerase chain reaction with internal positive control. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0. Present study included 85 males and 23 females with a mean age of 11.7±3.5 and 75 males and 33 females with a mean age of 11±2.0 in the control group. 32 (29.6%) autistic cases showed null genotypes for GSTT1 and 21(19.4%) autistic children showed null genotypes for GSTM1. 3 (2.85%) control children showed a null genotype for GSTT1 and 5 (4.6%) control children showed a null genotype for GSTM1. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were observed to be significantly associated with the risk of autism (p value-0.0001, OR-14.73, 95% CI 4.35-49.90) and (p value-0.003, OR-4.731, 95% CI 1.71-13.08) respectively. The findings of our study suggested that GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype is one of the potential risk factors for autism through oxidative stress mechanism in our population. None
氧化应激是机体活性氧(ROS)产生与抗氧化防御能力之间的失衡。长期氧化应激有助于细胞衰老，并在多种疾病的发病机制中发挥作用。一些研究表明，氧化应激在ASD的发病机制中起作用。本研究旨在记录GSTTT1和GSTM1零基因型在印度自闭症人群中的关联。研究人员从108名自闭症儿童和年龄匹配的健康对照组中分离出基因组DNA。分析分离基因组DNA的质量和数量。采用聚合酶链反应分析GSTT1和GSTM1零基因型，内阳性对照。采用SPSS 15.0进行统计学分析。本研究纳入男性85例，女性23例，平均年龄11.7±3.5岁;对照组男性75例，女性33例，平均年龄11±2.0岁。32例(29.6%)自闭症患儿GSTT1基因型为零，21例(19.4%)自闭症患儿GSTM1基因型为零。3例(2.85%)对照儿童GSTT1基因型为零，5例(4.6%)对照儿童GSTM1基因型为零。GSTT1和GSTM1零基因型分别与自闭症风险显著相关(p值0.0001,OR-14.73, 95% CI 4.35 ~ 49.90)和(p值0.003,OR-4.731, 95% CI 1.71 ~ 13.08)。本研究结果提示GSTT1和GSTM1零基因型通过氧化应激机制是我国人群自闭症的潜在危险因素之一。没有一个
{"title":"Glutathione S Transferase Theta1 and Mu1 (GSTT1 and GSTM1 ) deletion among autistic population of India","authors":"Rajat Hegde, P. Gai, Smita Hegde, S. Kulkarni, Kusal K. Das","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230302142608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230302142608","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oxidative stress is an imbalance between an organism's reactive oxygen species [ROS] production and antioxidant defence capacity. Long-term oxidative stress contributes to cellular ageing and plays a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Several investigations indicated that oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of ASD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Present study was undertaken to record the association of GSTTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype among the autistic population of India.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Genomic DNA was isolated from 108 autistic children along with healthy age-matched control. The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA were analysed. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was analysed using polymerase chain reaction with internal positive control. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Present study included 85 males and 23 females with a mean age of 11.7±3.5 and 75 males and 33 females with a mean age of 11±2.0 in the control group. 32 (29.6%) autistic cases showed null genotypes for GSTT1 and 21(19.4%) autistic children showed null genotypes for GSTM1. 3 (2.85%) control children showed a null genotype for GSTT1 and 5 (4.6%) control children showed a null genotype for GSTM1. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were observed to be significantly associated with the risk of autism (p value-0.0001, OR-14.73, 95% CI 4.35-49.90) and (p value-0.003, OR-4.731, 95% CI 1.71-13.08) respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The findings of our study suggested that GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype is one of the potential risk factors for autism through oxidative stress mechanism in our population.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000None\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/266608221901230124145026
Domenico De Berardis
{"title":"Meet the Section Editor","authors":"Domenico De Berardis","doi":"10.2174/266608221901230124145026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/266608221901230124145026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136173521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/266608221901230124143557
R. Badgaiyan
{"title":"Preface","authors":"R. Badgaiyan","doi":"10.2174/266608221901230124143557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/266608221901230124143557","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230224141323
Louis Cojandaraj, Pearl Pinto, Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu, M. Sadasivam
Clozapine is the most effective drug for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, showing a good response in the treatment of patients with resistant schizophrenia, especially in reducing violent, aggressive, and suicidal tendencies. However, treatment with clozapine has been associated with hyperlipidemia especially high triglycerides, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. An elevated level of lipids has a direct impact on the improvement of symptoms in schizophrenics treated with clozapine. Although the mechanism is not clear, there is a possibility of serum lipids play a major part in enhancing clozapine's therapeutic activity. The effect of clozapine on phospholipids might indicate that this rise is related to its therapeutic benefit as well. Moreover, increased fatty acids accompanied by a sharp rise in triglycerides, point towards the possible involvement of lipases, which are involved in the storage and release of fatty acids and triglycerides in the adipose tissue. An increase in hepatic lipid synthesis can be another cause of hyperlipidemia and lead to weight gain over a certain period. Lipogenesis and myelin synthesis can also become targets in schizophrenia since myelination and synaptogenesis are essential in the central nervous system. Hence, the upregulation of several genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis focused, which are proven to be controlled by Sterol regulating element-binding protein transcription factors (SREBP). The antipsychotic drug Clozapine activates this SREBP system. This activation increases lipogenesis which can be one of the mechanisms of action, which in turn could explain the metabolic side effects produced by clozapine.
{"title":"Conceivable Mechanisms of Clozapine Propagated Dyslipidemia- A Short Review","authors":"Louis Cojandaraj, Pearl Pinto, Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu, M. Sadasivam","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230224141323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230224141323","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Clozapine is the most effective drug for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, showing a good response in the treatment of patients with resistant schizophrenia, especially in reducing violent, aggressive, and suicidal tendencies. However, treatment with clozapine has been associated with hyperlipidemia especially high triglycerides, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. An elevated level of lipids has a direct impact on the improvement of symptoms in schizophrenics treated with clozapine. Although the mechanism is not clear, there is a possibility of serum lipids play a major part in enhancing clozapine's therapeutic activity. The effect of clozapine on phospholipids might indicate that this rise is related to its therapeutic benefit as well. Moreover, increased fatty acids accompanied by a sharp rise in triglycerides, point towards the possible involvement of lipases, which are involved in the storage and release of fatty acids and triglycerides in the adipose tissue. An increase in hepatic lipid synthesis can be another cause of hyperlipidemia and lead to weight gain over a certain period. Lipogenesis and myelin synthesis can also become targets in schizophrenia since myelination and synaptogenesis are essential in the central nervous system. Hence, the upregulation of several genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis focused, which are proven to be controlled by Sterol regulating element-binding protein transcription factors (SREBP). The antipsychotic drug Clozapine activates this SREBP system. This activation increases lipogenesis which can be one of the mechanisms of action, which in turn could explain the metabolic side effects produced by clozapine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47798690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230120104856
Georgios Kafas, K. Umla-Runge
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)is a psychiatric condition that affects approximately 2% of the population worldwide. It can present many challenges and can therefore be difficult to treat successfully by mental health professionals. The aim of this systematic review was to detect whether repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS] is an effective intervention for the management of BPD to the point where there would be a reduction of the BPD symptoms and challenging behaviour. A literature search was conducted systematically using the following databases: PROSPERO, PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE LIBRARY, SCOPUS, EMBASE and CLINICALTRIALS.GOV. Included studies were primary research studies of adult patients with a diagnosis of BPD who received rTMS treatment. Nine studies were identified which ranged from a case report to a randomised controlled trial (RCT). While rTMS improved certain symptoms of BPD patients, such as affective instability, impulsivity and outbursts of anger; overall, some results lacked statistical significance and, due to the lack of robust evidence, it is uncertain if rTMS is an effective intervention for BPD. rTMS treatment showed some promising results in reducing the severity of symptoms for a number of patients. Studies varied with regard to the location of the target stimulation site, including different prefrontal brain regions and the cerebellum, as well as other rTMS protocol characteristics. These methodological differences in the application of the intervention and their impact on BPD symptomatology need to be explored more systematically in future research. Higher quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed in order to assess further the effectiveness of rTMS interventions on BPD symptoms.
边缘型人格障碍（BPD）是一种影响全球约2%人口的精神疾病。它可能带来许多挑战，因此很难由心理健康专业人员成功治疗。本系统综述的目的是检测重复性经颅磁刺激（rTMS）是一种有效的BPD治疗干预措施，可以减少BPD症状和挑战性行为。文献检索系统地使用以下数据库进行：PROSPERO、PUBMED、GOOGLE SCHOLAR、WEB of SCIENCE、COCHRANE LIBRARY、SCOPUS、EMBASE和CLINICALTRIALS.GOV接受rTMS治疗的诊断为BPD的患者。确定了9项研究，从病例报告到随机对照试验（RCT）。rTMS改善了BPD患者的某些症状，如情感不稳定、冲动和愤怒的爆发；总体而言，一些结果缺乏统计学意义，并且由于缺乏有力的证据，不确定rTMS是否是BPD的有效干预措施。rTMS治疗在降低许多患者症状严重程度方面显示出一些有希望的结果。关于目标刺激部位的位置，包括不同的前额叶脑区域和小脑，以及其他rTMS协议特征，研究各不相同。这些干预措施应用的方法差异及其对BPD症状学的影响需要在未来的研究中进行更系统的探索。需要更大样本量的高质量研究，以进一步评估rTMS干预对BPD症状的有效性。
{"title":"A Narrative Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Treatment and Management of Borderline Personality Disorder","authors":"Georgios Kafas, K. Umla-Runge","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230120104856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230120104856","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)is a psychiatric condition that affects approximately 2% of the population worldwide. It can present many challenges and can therefore be difficult to treat successfully by mental health professionals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this systematic review was to detect whether repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS] is an effective intervention for the management of BPD to the point where there would be a reduction of the BPD symptoms and challenging behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A literature search was conducted systematically using the following databases: PROSPERO, PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE LIBRARY, SCOPUS, EMBASE and CLINICALTRIALS.GOV. Included studies were primary research studies of adult patients with a diagnosis of BPD who received rTMS treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nine studies were identified which ranged from a case report to a randomised controlled trial (RCT). While rTMS improved certain symptoms of BPD patients, such as affective instability, impulsivity and outbursts of anger; overall, some results lacked statistical significance and, due to the lack of robust evidence, it is uncertain if rTMS is an effective intervention for BPD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000rTMS treatment showed some promising results in reducing the severity of symptoms for a number of patients. Studies varied with regard to the location of the target stimulation site, including different prefrontal brain regions and the cerebellum, as well as other rTMS protocol characteristics. These methodological differences in the application of the intervention and their impact on BPD symptomatology need to be explored more systematically in future research. Higher quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed in order to assess further the effectiveness of rTMS interventions on BPD symptoms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48813843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230118142926
Masoomeh Dadkhah, S. Shafia, Sahand Talei, Soheila Molaei, Vahid Asghariazar
A large body of literature indicates that the novel coronavirus disease (COVI D-19) was, and still is, a stressful and traumatic experience for different groups of people. Exposure to unexpected deaths or fear of death increases the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) anxiety disorder. Understanding the relationship between PTSD and SARS-CoV-2 infection can help reduce the risk of developing psychiatric diseases, especially anxiety disorders. Here, we used the central mega databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer, and Science Direct. We explored the articles based on keywords and related articles. Social isolation stress during quarantine and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via increased cortisol synthesis and release seems to be key findings in current literature. Evidence shows that induced neuroendocrine changes in patients with COVID-19 can cause psychiatric diseases related to fear and anxiety. Studies suspect that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland can be targeted by the infection and thereby could be a player in inducing psychiatric disorders. Here, we discuss the relationship between Covid-19 and post-traumatic stress disorder from psycho-neuroendocrine-immune aspects and highlight the pro-inflammatory cytokines as mediators in the CNS-related processes, hoping to provide insights into the pathophysiology of PTSD.
{"title":"Psycho-neuroendocrine-immune aspects of COVID-19 and its relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder","authors":"Masoomeh Dadkhah, S. Shafia, Sahand Talei, Soheila Molaei, Vahid Asghariazar","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230118142926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230118142926","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A large body of literature indicates that the novel coronavirus disease (COVI D-19) was, and still is, a stressful and traumatic experience for different groups of people. Exposure to unexpected deaths or fear of death increases the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) anxiety disorder. Understanding the relationship between PTSD and SARS-CoV-2 infection can help reduce the risk of developing psychiatric diseases, especially anxiety disorders. Here, we used the central mega databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer, and Science Direct. We explored the articles based on keywords and related articles. Social isolation stress during quarantine and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via increased cortisol synthesis and release seems to be key findings in current literature. Evidence shows that induced neuroendocrine changes in patients with COVID-19 can cause psychiatric diseases related to fear and anxiety. Studies suspect that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland can be targeted by the infection and thereby could be a player in inducing psychiatric disorders. Here, we discuss the relationship between Covid-19 and post-traumatic stress disorder from psycho-neuroendocrine-immune aspects and highlight the pro-inflammatory cytokines as mediators in the CNS-related processes, hoping to provide insights into the pathophysiology of PTSD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42557878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230116100934
Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția, Adela Hanga
Historically, formal thought disorder (FTD) has been considered one of the distinctive key symptoms of schizophrenia and is still regarded as an important early warning sign and a marker of illness severity with solid predictive value. Recent studies found that the presence of FTD is predictive of the subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia and often precedes the frank clinical picture by several months. Much effort has been put into developing scales that can reliably detect FTD and can be readily applied in routine clinical practice. This narrative review investigated the use of FTD as a screening tool to assess risk in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. The results show that the use of these scales in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic individuals during clinical contact and counseling is still an exception, despite their uniquely heightened vulnerability profile. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the application of FTD screening methods in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic individuals has been reviewed in a structured way.
{"title":"Current State of Application of Formal Thought Disorder Screening Methods in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia: \u0000A Narrative Review","authors":"Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția, Adela Hanga","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230116100934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230116100934","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, formal thought disorder (FTD) has been considered one of the distinctive key symptoms of schizophrenia and is still regarded as an important early warning sign and a marker of illness severity with solid predictive value. Recent studies found that the presence of FTD is predictive of the subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia and often precedes the frank clinical picture by several months. Much effort has been put into developing scales that can reliably detect FTD and can be readily applied in routine clinical practice. This narrative review investigated the use of FTD as a screening tool to assess risk in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. The results show that the use of these scales in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic individuals during clinical contact and counseling is still an exception, despite their uniquely heightened vulnerability profile. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the application of FTD screening methods in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic individuals has been reviewed in a structured way.","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230111145821
Janthima Methaneethorn
Atypical antipsychotic quetiapine (QTP) exhibits high pharmacokinetic variability and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis is one of the approaches used to characterize factors influencing QTP pharmacokinetic variability. Though QTP is not regarded as a narrow therapeutic index drug, knowledge of this area is of importance. Thus, this review was conducted to summarize significant predictors for QTP pharmacokinetic variability identified using a PopPK analysis and to explore any knowledge gaps to be investigated. PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete databases were searched for eligible studies, and 75 articles were identified. Of these, only five studies were included as they were conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects approach. This review found that only limited predictors for QTP pharmacokinetics were identified, with body weight being a predictor for the volume of distribution and age and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase being predictors for QTP clearance. None of the studies included elderly patients aged >65 years, and thus factors associated with aging were not investigated. Also, most of the participants in the PopPK analyses were from clinical trials which might not reflect real-world patients e.g., the impacts of polypharmacy may not be available. Moreover, while a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model explaining QTP exposure and clinical response using the scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is available, knowledge relevant to the relationship between exposure and QTP side effects has not been explored. Based on this limited information, future PopPK research encompassing a wide range of patient characteristics is required.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230106143424
Ajit Kumar Thakur, Nikhila Shekhar, Sakshi Tyagi
Background: Autism, a neurodevelopment disorder that was regarded as insignificant in the past is thereby now recognized as a major problem with an increasing prevalence over the past 50 years affecting 1 out of every 160 children worldwide. Recent accumulating evidence indicates that autism is a consequence of the fusion of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic components. Due to the lack of effective pharmacotherapy, alternative approaches are being explored for their beneficial effect on autistic symptoms. Methods: A literature review was performed identifying previously published clinical studies that were set up as an alternative therapy for alleviating the symptoms of autism. The data were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: A total of 13 kinds of interventions including video modelling, play therapy, music therapy, yoga, social skills training, sensory integration (SIT), scalp acupuncture, medical clowning, animal-assisted activity, theatre-based intervention, Tai Chu Chuan training, novel mattress technology, and magnetic resonance imaging were found to be affecting the symptoms associated with autism. Conclusion: From sufficient clinical evidence, it was estimated that alternative approaches such as music therapy and play therapy have the most beneficial effect in mitigating the symptoms to an extent.
{"title":"Alternative Approaches For The Management Of Autism: A Narrative Review","authors":"Ajit Kumar Thakur, Nikhila Shekhar, Sakshi Tyagi","doi":"10.2174/2666082219666230106143424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082219666230106143424","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism, a neurodevelopment disorder that was regarded as insignificant in the past is thereby now recognized as a major problem with an increasing prevalence over the past 50 years affecting 1 out of every 160 children worldwide. Recent accumulating evidence indicates that autism is a consequence of the fusion of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic components. Due to the lack of effective pharmacotherapy, alternative approaches are being explored for their beneficial effect on autistic symptoms. Methods: A literature review was performed identifying previously published clinical studies that were set up as an alternative therapy for alleviating the symptoms of autism. The data were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: A total of 13 kinds of interventions including video modelling, play therapy, music therapy, yoga, social skills training, sensory integration (SIT), scalp acupuncture, medical clowning, animal-assisted activity, theatre-based intervention, Tai Chu Chuan training, novel mattress technology, and magnetic resonance imaging were found to be affecting the symptoms associated with autism. Conclusion: From sufficient clinical evidence, it was estimated that alternative approaches such as music therapy and play therapy have the most beneficial effect in mitigating the symptoms to an extent.","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135276447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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