Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666211220153312
A. K. Saini, P. Wal, A. Wal, R. Pal, Om Prakash Verma
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that was earlier intended to treat only patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but researchers have found DBT to treat several psychological disorders, including depression. The article aims to review the clinical shreds of evidence regarding the use of DBT to treat depression. PubMed literature search was done by applying the year filter range, 2010 to 2021. Another filter applied was "Randomized controlled trial", so that the strength of evidence could be enhanced. The keywords used were "Dialectical Behavior Therapy" AND "Depression 33 articles were found, out of which only 20 relevant articles were reviewed. DBT was found to alleviate depressive symptoms associated with different psychological disorders like bipolar disorder and BPD but the number of studies that validated the afore-mentioned were less than those studies which showed that DBT had no significant effect on the patients with depressive difficulties. The long-term effect of DBT for treating depression is under a suspect, as studies showed DBT got ineffective during the follow-ups DBT shows benefits in depression but further studies are still required to validate this concretely as DBT did not show a significant effect when compared to its control counterparts. There is much need for future studies which can evaluate the long-term efficacy of DBT in depression is another challenging area because follow-up data did not favor DBT.
{"title":"A Narrative Review on Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Patients with Depressive Difficulties","authors":"A. K. Saini, P. Wal, A. Wal, R. Pal, Om Prakash Verma","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666211220153312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666211220153312","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that was earlier intended to treat only patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but researchers have found DBT to treat several psychological disorders, including depression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The article aims to review the clinical shreds of evidence regarding the use of DBT to treat depression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000PubMed literature search was done by applying the year filter range, 2010 to 2021. Another filter applied was \"Randomized controlled trial\", so that the strength of evidence could be enhanced. The keywords used were \"Dialectical Behavior Therapy\" AND \"Depression\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 33 articles were found, out of which only 20 relevant articles were reviewed. DBT was found to alleviate depressive symptoms associated with different psychological disorders like bipolar disorder and BPD but the number of studies that validated the afore-mentioned were less than those studies which showed that DBT had no significant effect on the patients with depressive difficulties. The long-term effect of DBT for treating depression is under a suspect, as studies showed DBT got ineffective during the follow-ups\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 DBT shows benefits in depression but further studies are still required to validate this concretely as DBT did not show a significant effect when compared to its control counterparts. There is much need for future studies which can evaluate the long-term efficacy of DBT in depression is another challenging area because follow-up data did not favor DBT.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47665316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211213154729
Mohadese Saffari, Milad Salaj Mahmoudi, Ehsan Razyani, Mina Shayestefar
Internet addiction, which is a result of increasing inevitable use of the Internet and smart phones, causes discomfort and serious social and occupational problems, consequently that can lead to some mental disorders such as depression. On the other hand, depression and Internet addiction are factors affecting students' academic performance. This study aimed to investigate Internet addiction, depression and their relation with academic failure in students of Semnan Allied Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, all students who were in the 3rd and higher semesters were examined. Three questionnaires (demographic, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Internet Addiction Test by Young) were used. The academic failure was assessed using the student's grade point average in the previous 3 semesters. Collected data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics methods at significance level of 0.05. 170 students participated in this study. The correlation between depression and grade point average changes was negative (r=-0.19) and significant (p=0.01). Moreover, a positive (r=0.39) and significant (p=0.01) correlation was observed between depression and Internet addiction scores. Binary logistic regression analysis also indicated that students' depression score (P=0.04, OR1.04, CI 95%=1-1.08) and sex (P=0.008, OR=0.37, CI 95% = 0.17-0.77) can predict academic failure. Due to the observation of Internet addiction and depression in the students and effects of these disorders on their academic performance, it is necessary to educate students and families, identify risk factors and provide solutions to deal with it.
网络成瘾是越来越多不可避免地使用互联网和智能手机的结果，会引起不适以及严重的社会和职业问题，从而导致一些精神障碍，如抑郁症。另一方面，抑郁和网络成瘾是影响学生学习成绩的因素。本研究旨在调查Semnan Allied Medical Sciences学生的网络成瘾、抑郁及其与学业失败的关系。使用了三份问卷（人口学、Beck抑郁量表和Young的网络成瘾测试）。使用学生前3个学期的平均成绩来评估学业失败。通过描述性和推断统计学方法对收集的数据进行分析，显著性水平为0.05.170。抑郁与平均绩点变化呈负相关（r=-0.19）和显著相关（p=0.01），抑郁与网络成瘾评分呈正相关（r=0.39）和极显著相关（p=0.01）。二元逻辑回归分析还表明，学生的抑郁评分（P=0.04，OR1.04，CI 95%CI 1-1.08）和性别（P=0.008，OR=0.37，CI 95%CI=0.17-0.77）可以预测学业失败。鉴于对学生网络成瘾和抑郁的观察，以及这些障碍对他们学习成绩的影响，有必要教育学生和家庭，识别风险因素并提供应对方案。
{"title":"Internet Addiction, Depression and Relation with Academic Failure in Students of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran","authors":"Mohadese Saffari, Milad Salaj Mahmoudi, Ehsan Razyani, Mina Shayestefar","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211213154729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211213154729","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Internet addiction, which is a result of increasing inevitable use of the Internet and smart phones, causes discomfort and serious social and occupational problems, consequently that can lead to some mental disorders such as depression. On the other hand, depression and Internet addiction are factors affecting students' academic performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to investigate Internet addiction, depression and their relation with academic failure in students of Semnan Allied Medical Sciences.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this cross-sectional study, all students who were in the 3rd and higher semesters were examined. Three questionnaires (demographic, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Internet Addiction Test by Young) were used. The academic failure was assessed using the student's grade point average in the previous 3 semesters. Collected data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics methods at significance level of 0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000170 students participated in this study. The correlation between depression and grade point average changes was negative (r=-0.19) and significant (p=0.01). Moreover, a positive (r=0.39) and significant (p=0.01) correlation was observed between depression and Internet addiction scores. Binary logistic regression analysis also indicated that students' depression score (P=0.04, OR1.04, CI 95%=1-1.08) and sex (P=0.008, OR=0.37, CI 95% = 0.17-0.77) can predict academic failure.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Due to the observation of Internet addiction and depression in the students and effects of these disorders on their academic performance, it is necessary to educate students and families, identify risk factors and provide solutions to deal with it. \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41430901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to examine childbirth self-efficacy levels with potential moderating variables. The systematic searches were conducted in nine databases in July 2019. The PRISMA checklist was used. The quality of studies was evaluated by two researchers. The random-effect model was used in the present meta-analysis. The heterogeneity tests and moderator analyses were performed. There were 18 eligible articles. Results indicated that childbirth self-efficacy levels do not change based on parity (Q=0.784, p=0.376 for efficacy expectancy, Q=0.190, p=0.663 for outcome expectancy). The between-study variance was not significant for subdimensions of CBSEI (Qb = 1.531, p = .216), which means no significant difference between OE and EE levels was found. The between-study variance was not significant for OE levels (Qb = 0.333, p = .847), which means no significant difference was found between Outcome-AL, Outcome-SS, and OE-16. The moderator analysis, including Efficacy-AL, Efficacy-SS, and EE-16 presented a higher pooled mean score for EE-16 (111.56; 95% CI = 98.66 to 124.46). However, the between-study variance was not significant for EE levels (Qb = 4.240, p = .120). Despite the moderator analysis, the finding of high heterogeneity suggests the need for further studies which examine the concept of childbirth self-efficacy with additional variables. The study presents that childbirth self-efficacy levels do not change based on parity, stages of labor and subdimensions of CBSEI. Researchers need to examine the concept of childbirth self-efficacy with new variables for further clarify of concept.
{"title":"Evaluation of Childbirth Self-Efficacy in Pregnant Women with Variables: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ayse Deliktas Demirci, Merve Kochan, Kamile Kabukçuoğlu","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211210102459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211210102459","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The present study aims to examine childbirth self-efficacy levels with potential moderating variables. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The systematic searches were conducted in nine databases in July 2019. The PRISMA checklist was used. The quality of studies was evaluated by two researchers. The random-effect model was used in the present meta-analysis. The heterogeneity tests and moderator analyses were performed. There were 18 eligible articles. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results indicated that childbirth self-efficacy levels do not change based on parity (Q=0.784, p=0.376 for efficacy expectancy, Q=0.190, p=0.663 for outcome expectancy). The between-study variance was not significant for subdimensions of CBSEI (Qb = 1.531, p = .216), which means no significant difference between OE and EE levels was found. The between-study variance was not significant for OE levels (Qb = 0.333, p = .847), which means no significant difference was found between Outcome-AL, Outcome-SS, and OE-16. The moderator analysis, including Efficacy-AL, Efficacy-SS, and EE-16 presented a higher pooled mean score for EE-16 (111.56; 95% CI = 98.66 to 124.46). However, the between-study variance was not significant for EE levels (Qb = 4.240, p = .120). Despite the moderator analysis, the finding of high heterogeneity suggests the need for further studies which examine the concept of childbirth self-efficacy with additional variables. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study presents that childbirth self-efficacy levels do not change based on parity, stages of labor and subdimensions of CBSEI. Researchers need to examine the concept of childbirth self-efficacy with new variables for further clarify of concept. \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46531754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211210101653
Kasorn Muijeen, Rangsiman Soonthornchaiya, H. Butcher
Depressive disorder is a disease with widespread incidence and has shown an annual increase, while depression relapse is also rising continually due to multiple causes. In Thailand, although many studies have been conducted to prevent depression incidence and relapse, there is little known about the meaning of depression relapse in adult Thai patients. An exploration of the direct experiences of adult Thai patients seems a suitable way to gather data for a care system development. The objective of this study is to describe the perceptions of adult Thai patients concerning their experience of depression relapse and its management among adult patients with depressive disorder in the Thai context. This research is a qualitative study using the directed content analysis approach. In-depth interviews with 20 adult Thai patients with depressive disorders that had direct experience with depression relapse were the data collection method used in this study. The interviews allowed the participants to talk about their experiences with depression relapse and how to manage depressive symptoms; the interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes. Two themes emerged from the study. First, the experience of depression relapse is the feeling of something pulling away from happiness. Second, managing depression relapse. Depression relapse among adult Thai patients with depressive disorder is an experience causing patients to feel that they are losing their happiness again. Care and management of depression relapse by each patient differ, despite being in the same social contexts. Therefore, depression relapse risk assessment is important in the care of each patient in order to design more effective care.
{"title":"The Experience of Depression Relapse among Adult Thai Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Kasorn Muijeen, Rangsiman Soonthornchaiya, H. Butcher","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211210101653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211210101653","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Depressive disorder is a disease with widespread incidence and has shown an annual increase, while depression relapse is also rising continually due to multiple causes. In Thailand, although many studies have been conducted to prevent depression incidence and relapse, there is little known about the meaning of depression relapse in adult Thai patients. An exploration of the direct experiences of adult Thai patients seems a suitable way to gather data for a care system development.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this study is to describe the perceptions of adult Thai patients concerning their experience of depression relapse and its management among adult patients with depressive disorder in the Thai context. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This research is a qualitative study using the directed content analysis approach. In-depth interviews with 20 adult Thai patients with depressive disorders that had direct experience with depression relapse were the data collection method used in this study. The interviews allowed the participants to talk about their experiences with depression relapse and how to manage depressive symptoms; the interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two themes emerged from the study. First, the experience of depression relapse is the feeling of something pulling away from happiness. Second, managing depression relapse.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Depression relapse among adult Thai patients with depressive disorder is an experience causing patients to feel that they are losing their happiness again. Care and management of depression relapse by each patient differ, despite being in the same social contexts. Therefore, depression relapse risk assessment is important in the care of each patient in order to design more effective care. \u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48938221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211210102029
Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția
Care for schizophrenia patients over the past few decades has shifted from inpatient treatment in mental institutions towards outpatient treatment options. While this has the potential to allow patients a more regular life with the ability to work and socialize, it has increased the burden on family caregivers. This state-of-the-art narrative review summarizes the most important factors, besides the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, that impact the quality of life of caregivers negatively. These factors include the impact of the disease on household income and socioeconomic status, anxiety, stigma, negative changes in family dynamics as well as an overall reduction of social and family contacts.
{"title":"Quality of Life in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review","authors":"Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211210102029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211210102029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Care for schizophrenia patients over the past few decades has shifted from inpatient treatment in mental institutions towards outpatient treatment options. While this has the potential to allow patients a more regular life with the ability to work and socialize, it has increased the burden on family caregivers. This state-of-the-art narrative review summarizes the most important factors, besides the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, that impact the quality of life of caregivers negatively. These factors include the impact of the disease on household income and socioeconomic status, anxiety, stigma, negative changes in family dynamics as well as an overall reduction of social and family contacts.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42613382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211207101624
S. Yampolskaya, Roxann McNeish, Quynh Tran
This study focused on describing profiles of children placed in out-of-home care. Research has shown that children placed in out-of-home care have numerous problems related to trauma associated with child maltreatment and behavioral health. However, they often do not receive adequate care. Prior research suggested that to improve outcomes for these children it is essential to address co-occurring problems and tailor services to their individual needs. This, however, can be a serious challenge to service providers due to the lack of information about behavioral health profiles and maltreatment histories as well as patterns of service use. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of children with similar mental health profiles and examine service use patterns amongst these groups. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to describe the profile of children with similar behavioral health characteristics and service patterns. Two distinct groups were identified: Children with Multiple Needs and Children in Families with Complex Needs. Children with Multiple Needs had a much higher rate of mental health diagnoses, caregiver loss, a higher number of emergency room visits for behavioral health reasons, and spending substantially more days in inpatient psychiatric care. Children in Families with Complex Needs had a much higher probability of experiencing neglect, having parents with substance abuse problems, and having a history of domestic violence. These findings suggest that Children with Multiple Needs represent the most vulnerable population and specific strategies should be developed to address co-occurring needs of these children by utilizing community-based services and the least restrictive settings. Implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"Patterns of Service Use and Behavioral Health Profile of Children Placed in Out-of-Home Care","authors":"S. Yampolskaya, Roxann McNeish, Quynh Tran","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211207101624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211207101624","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study focused on describing profiles of children placed in out-of-home care. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Research has shown that children placed in out-of-home care have numerous problems related to trauma associated with child maltreatment and behavioral health. However, they often do not receive adequate care. Prior research suggested that to improve outcomes for these children it is essential to address co-occurring problems and tailor services to their individual needs. This, however, can be a serious challenge to service providers due to the lack of information about behavioral health profiles and maltreatment histories as well as patterns of service use. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of children with similar mental health profiles and examine service use patterns amongst these groups. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to describe the profile of children with similar behavioral health characteristics and service patterns. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two distinct groups were identified: Children with Multiple Needs and Children in Families with Complex Needs. Children with Multiple Needs had a much higher rate of mental health diagnoses, caregiver loss, a higher number of emergency room visits for behavioral health reasons, and spending substantially more days in inpatient psychiatric care. Children in Families with Complex Needs had a much higher probability of experiencing neglect, having parents with substance abuse problems, and having a history of domestic violence. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings suggest that Children with Multiple Needs represent the most vulnerable population and specific strategies should be developed to address co-occurring needs of these children by utilizing community-based services and the least restrictive settings. Implications of the findings are discussed.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47704067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211207102342
Z. Mahmoodi, Kian Javadi Koshesh, Ghaffar Almasi, S. Pournajaf, H. Rastad, Nooshin Ghavidel
Psychological problems, such as post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), are among the most important complications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in people. Studying the social determinants of health (SDH) and its impact on the populations during the crisis will help governments deal better with health emergencies so that every person can have an equal opportunity to stay healthy. To determine what factors affect PTSS, we conducted a study to investigate the association between structural determinants of health and PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 370 people referred to a selected laboratory between June and July 2020 in Karaj province, Iran. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 8-item inventory was used to evaluate the PTSS and its subscales, including intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance in the participants. Overall, 51.2% of participants were male, and 17.3% were positive for the IgM or IgG COVID-19 test. The most common symptoms in these patients were weakness, myalgia, cough, anosmia, and fever. The prevalence of total PTSS, intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance symptoms were 7.1%, 25.7%, 41.6%, and 16.2%, respectively. In univariable regression analysis, female gender (p-value=0.01, 95%CI (2.25-0.31)), un-employment (p-value=0.011, 95%CI (0.37-2.81)), having symptoms of COVID-19 disease (p-value=0.000, 95%CI (.82-2.75)), underlying chronic disease, were directly associated with PTSS. Results showed that sex and occupation as structural determinants of health could affect PTSS in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in the multivariable model, having symptoms of the COVID-19 disease and underlying disease affected PTSS.
{"title":"Association Between Structural Determinants of Health and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Z. Mahmoodi, Kian Javadi Koshesh, Ghaffar Almasi, S. Pournajaf, H. Rastad, Nooshin Ghavidel","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211207102342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211207102342","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Psychological problems, such as post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), are among the most important complications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in people. Studying the social determinants of health (SDH) and its impact on the populations during the crisis will help governments deal better with health emergencies so that every person can have an equal opportunity to stay healthy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To determine what factors affect PTSS, we conducted a study to investigate the association between structural determinants of health and PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We conducted a cross-sectional study on 370 people referred to a selected laboratory between June and July 2020 in Karaj province, Iran. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 8-item inventory was used to evaluate the PTSS and its subscales, including intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance in the participants. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, 51.2% of participants were male, and 17.3% were positive for the IgM or IgG COVID-19 test. The most common symptoms in these patients were weakness, myalgia, cough, anosmia, and fever. The prevalence of total PTSS, intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance symptoms were 7.1%, 25.7%, 41.6%, and 16.2%, respectively. In univariable regression analysis, female gender (p-value=0.01, 95%CI (2.25-0.31)), un-employment (p-value=0.011, 95%CI (0.37-2.81)), having symptoms of COVID-19 disease (p-value=0.000, 95%CI (.82-2.75)), underlying chronic disease, were directly associated with PTSS. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results showed that sex and occupation as structural determinants of health could affect PTSS in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in the multivariable model, having symptoms of the COVID-19 disease and underlying disease affected PTSS.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211122155401
Catarina Magalhães Porto, Natalia Santos Barbosa da Silva, Cecília Magalhães Porto Lira, Rayana Porpino Magalhães, José Luiz Oliveira Magalhães, Tatiana de Paula Santana da Silva, E. Sougey
One of the risk factors for suicide includes the presence of depressive disorder and symptoms, which may be related to the reduction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels. In this scenario, evidence shows vitamin D deficiency as an important aspect, directly related to depressive disorder chronicity. To assess the association between Vitamin D serum levels and the intensity of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of depressed patients. A cross-sectional study with 146 patients aged between 18 and 59, seen in two psychiatry ambulatories. Data collection involved measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and assessment of the intensity of depressive symptoms and suicide risk. In the sample, 35% presented low Vitamin D serum levels and, in these individuals, the incidence of family history of Depressive Disorder (95.2%) and chronicity of severe depressive symptoms (47.8%) was higher. As to suicidal behavior, both groups presented high active suicide risk, with higher rates in the group with hypovitaminosis D. Only suicidal ideation was linked to lower Vitamin D levels (67.4% p= 0,005). In this study, hypovitaminosis D was associated with negative mental health outcomes, such as more severe chronicity of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior, characterized by active suicidal ideation.
{"title":"Analysis of Suicidal Behavior and Chronicity of Depressive Symptoms in the Presence of Hypovitaminosis D","authors":"Catarina Magalhães Porto, Natalia Santos Barbosa da Silva, Cecília Magalhães Porto Lira, Rayana Porpino Magalhães, José Luiz Oliveira Magalhães, Tatiana de Paula Santana da Silva, E. Sougey","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211122155401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211122155401","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000One of the risk factors for suicide includes the presence of depressive disorder and symptoms, which may be related to the reduction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels. In this scenario, evidence shows vitamin D deficiency as an important aspect, directly related to depressive disorder chronicity. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To assess the association between Vitamin D serum levels and the intensity of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of depressed patients. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional study with 146 patients aged between 18 and 59, seen in two psychiatry ambulatories. Data collection involved measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and assessment of the intensity of depressive symptoms and suicide risk. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the sample, 35% presented low Vitamin D serum levels and, in these individuals, the incidence of family history of Depressive Disorder (95.2%) and chronicity of severe depressive symptoms (47.8%) was higher. As to suicidal behavior, both groups presented high active suicide risk, with higher rates in the group with hypovitaminosis D. Only suicidal ideation was linked to lower Vitamin D levels (67.4% p= 0,005). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, hypovitaminosis D was associated with negative mental health outcomes, such as more severe chronicity of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior, characterized by active suicidal ideation. \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47326642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211122154608
V. Khode, Girish Babu, A. Gadad, Satish Patil, K. Ruikar, Keerti B
Depressive disorder (DD) is a state of multiple neuro-psychological deficits. cognitive testing has proven beneficial in guiding treatment of depression. Since these neuro-cognitive testings require great deal of time and skill, measuring Reaction time (RT) can prove an alternative method of measure of cognition. RT is a sensitive tool to measure attention and execution. In our study whole body choice reaction time (WBCRT) is divided in to 2 chronoscopic readings WBCRT-C1and WBCRT-C2. WBCRT-C1 measures time required for central processing in the central nervous system which includes cognition and WBCRT-C2 measures total RT includes central processing and peripheral processing. Objective of the study was to measure and compare WBCRT-C1 in DD and controls, and to assess the correlation between WBCRT-C1 with MMSE and HAM-A score. Hospital based case-control study was conducted on total 68 young subjects, 34 subjects of DD aged between 18-45yrs their reaction times were compared with similar number of age and sex matched controls. WBCRT-C1 was more delayed in patients of DD (807±245 ms) than in controls (579±99ms). A significant correlation was found between WBCRT-C1 and MMSE (r=-0.7371, p=0.0001), HAM-A scores (r=0.3395 p=0.0046). WBCRT-C1 could be a quantitative tool to assess cognitive dysfunction in DD.
{"title":"Whole Body Choice Reaction Time (WBCRT-C1) to Detect Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Depressive Disorder (DD): A Case-Control Study","authors":"V. Khode, Girish Babu, A. Gadad, Satish Patil, K. Ruikar, Keerti B","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211122154608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211122154608","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Depressive disorder (DD) is a state of multiple neuro-psychological deficits. cognitive testing has proven beneficial in guiding treatment of depression. Since these neuro-cognitive testings require great deal of time and skill, measuring Reaction time (RT) can prove an alternative method of measure of cognition. RT is a sensitive tool to measure attention and execution. In our study whole body choice reaction time (WBCRT) is divided in to 2 chronoscopic readings WBCRT-C1and WBCRT-C2. WBCRT-C1 measures time required for central processing in the central nervous system which includes cognition and WBCRT-C2 measures total RT includes central processing and peripheral processing.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective of the study was to measure and compare WBCRT-C1 in DD and controls, and to assess the correlation between WBCRT-C1 with MMSE and HAM-A score.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Hospital based case-control study was conducted on total 68 young subjects, 34 subjects of DD aged between 18-45yrs their reaction times were compared with similar number of age and sex matched controls. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000WBCRT-C1 was more delayed in patients of DD (807±245 ms) than in controls (579±99ms). A significant correlation was found between WBCRT-C1 and MMSE (r=-0.7371, p=0.0001), HAM-A scores (r=0.3395 p=0.0046).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 WBCRT-C1 could be a quantitative tool to assess cognitive dysfunction in DD.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41944365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-09DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211109113920
Abdolhakim Jorbonyan, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Mahshid Foroghan, S. Mehrkian
The most effective modality for presbycusis is using hearing aids. However, the rate of adoption and use of hearing aids among the elderly is not in line with the expectations. This review investigates the current evidence to identify factors affecting the adoption and use of hearing aids among the elderly with hearing loss. This is a systematic review whose sample includes English articles published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2015 to October 2020. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus electronic databases. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed by two independent reviewers. In the 22 studies included in this review, a number of factors, including demographic status (economic status and level of education), auditory factors (hearing loss severity, presence of tinnitus, and the sound quality of hearing aids), attitudinal and psychosocial factors (self-perceived hearing problems, perceived self-efficacy, perceived benefit, support from significant others, and extrovert and ambivert personality types) were identified as variables potentially impacting the adoption and use of hearing aids. The results show that demographic, attitudinal, and psychosocial factors, as well as auditory factors, play an influential role in the adoption and use rate of hearing aids among older populations suffering from hearing loss. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these factors in order to formulate hearing healthcare policies and adopt targeted and appropriate interventions in the process of prescribing, adjusting, and evaluating hearing aids. The protocol of this systematic review was published in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number: CRD42021227684 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021227684)
老年性耳聋最有效的治疗方法是使用助听器。然而，老年人对助听器的采用率和使用率并不符合预期。本综述调查了目前的证据，以确定影响老年听力损失患者采用和使用助听器的因素。这是一项系统综述，样本包括2015年1月至2020年10月在同行评议期刊上发表的英文文章。检索在PubMed、Web of Science、ProQuest和Scopus电子数据库中进行。研究选择、数据提取和质量评估由两名独立审稿人完成。在本综述纳入的22项研究中，许多因素，包括人口状况(经济状况和教育水平)，听觉因素(听力损失严重程度，耳鸣的存在和助听器的音质)，态度和社会心理因素(自我感知的听力问题，感知的自我效能，感知的利益，重要他人的支持，外向和中向人格类型)被确定为可能影响助听器采用和使用的变量。结果表明，人口因素、态度因素、社会心理因素以及听力因素对老年听力损失人群助听器的采用和使用率有重要影响。因此，有必要考虑这些因素，以便制定听力保健政策，并在助听器的处方、调整和评估过程中采取有针对性和适当的干预措施。本系统评价的方案发表在国际前瞻性系统评价注册杂志(PROSPERO)上，注册号:CRD42021227684 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021227684)。
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Adoption and Use of Hearing Aids among Older Adults: A Systematic Review","authors":"Abdolhakim Jorbonyan, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Mahshid Foroghan, S. Mehrkian","doi":"10.2174/2666082217666211109113920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082217666211109113920","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 The most effective modality for presbycusis is using hearing aids. However, the rate of adoption and use of hearing aids among the elderly is not in line with the expectations. This review investigates the current evidence to identify factors affecting the adoption and use of hearing aids among the elderly with hearing loss. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is a systematic review whose sample includes English articles published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2015 to October 2020. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus electronic databases. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed by two independent reviewers. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the 22 studies included in this review, a number of factors, including demographic status (economic status and level of education), auditory factors (hearing loss severity, presence of tinnitus, and the sound quality of hearing aids), attitudinal and psychosocial factors (self-perceived hearing problems, perceived self-efficacy, perceived benefit, support from significant others, and extrovert and ambivert personality types) were identified as variables potentially impacting the adoption and use of hearing aids. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The results show that demographic, attitudinal, and psychosocial factors, as well as auditory factors, play an influential role in the adoption and use rate of hearing aids among older populations suffering from hearing loss. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these factors in order to formulate hearing healthcare policies and adopt targeted and appropriate interventions in the process of prescribing, adjusting, and evaluating hearing aids.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The protocol of this systematic review was published in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number: CRD42021227684 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021227684)\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46097322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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