Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220406134545
E. Jenabi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei, Sepideh Zareian, Ronak Hamzehei, K. Razjouyan, Hadi Zarafshan, Mahdieh Seyedi, S. Nouri, Mohammad Rezaei, Zahra Moradi Pourghavam, N. Babakhani
There are few epidemiological data regarding the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) screening program in Iran and as yet screening for children at age 18 months has been not performed. The present study aimed to perform a screening program for children with ASD in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted for screening children with ASD. The age and stages Questionnaire-18 (ASQ-18) month questionnaire was sent via a mobile-based application to all parents of children. If the child’s score was below the cutoff, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) questionnaire was mailed. For those with positive M-CHATs, the M-CHAT/F Follow-up interview was performed. Finally, children with ASD according to The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and examination were diagnosed. Of these children, 1221 (48%) were girls and 1341 (52%) were boys. Of the parent respondents, 232 (9%) children had a positive ASQ-18 questionnaire. For this purpose, the M-CHAT was sent to the parents of these children. Of the 232 children with ASQ positive, 179 (77.1%) parents completed M-CHAT. On the M-CHAT, 43 (24.0%) children screened positive and 136 (76.0%) children passed on M-CHAT-R screening. In this stage of the 43 screen-positive children, health care providers asked parents to refer to their children for performing the M-CHAT at follow-up. For a total of 33 children, the M-CHAT Follow-up was performed. Of these samples, 7 children had positive M-CHAT Follow-up. Therefore, ADI-R was conducted for these children to diagnose ASD. In the end, based on ADI-R and diagnostic evaluation performed by the child and adolescent psychologists, 7 children had ASD. The findings of the present study show that a mobile-based application can be utilized for screening children at risk of ASD. Therefore, We suggest that the application be used for screening children with ASD.
{"title":"Screening program for autism spectrum disorders in the west of Iran","authors":"E. Jenabi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei, Sepideh Zareian, Ronak Hamzehei, K. Razjouyan, Hadi Zarafshan, Mahdieh Seyedi, S. Nouri, Mohammad Rezaei, Zahra Moradi Pourghavam, N. Babakhani","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220406134545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220406134545","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There are few epidemiological data regarding the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) screening program in Iran and as yet screening for children at age 18 months has been not performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study aimed to perform a screening program for children with ASD in Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This cross-sectional study was conducted for screening children with ASD. The age and stages Questionnaire-18 (ASQ-18) month questionnaire was sent via a mobile-based application to all parents of children. If the child’s score was below the cutoff, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) questionnaire was mailed. For those with positive M-CHATs, the M-CHAT/F Follow-up interview was performed. Finally, children with ASD according to The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and examination were diagnosed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of these children, 1221 (48%) were girls and 1341 (52%) were boys. Of the parent respondents, 232 (9%) children had a positive ASQ-18 questionnaire. For this purpose, the M-CHAT was sent to the parents of these children. Of the 232 children with ASQ positive, 179 (77.1%) parents completed M-CHAT. On the M-CHAT, 43 (24.0%) children screened positive and 136 (76.0%) children passed on M-CHAT-R screening. In this stage of the 43 screen-positive children, health care providers asked parents to refer to their children for performing the M-CHAT at follow-up. For a total of 33 children, the M-CHAT Follow-up was performed. Of these samples, 7 children had positive M-CHAT Follow-up. Therefore, ADI-R was conducted for these children to diagnose ASD. In the end, based on ADI-R and diagnostic evaluation performed by the child and adolescent psychologists, 7 children had ASD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The findings of the present study show that a mobile-based application can be utilized for screening children at risk of ASD. Therefore, We suggest that the application be used for screening children with ASD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41343099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220401144747
Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția
Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. While control of positive clinical symptoms can be achieved relatively robustly, other clinical signs such as negative symptoms or cognitive problems can be more difficult to treat. This narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of how these and other factors impact a patient’s quality of life. Ample evidence shows that clinical symptoms of any kind have a negative impact on quality of life. Numerous factors, however, play an important role in the overall wellbeing of the patients in such a way that a mere focus on clinical symptom control is not enough to improve quality of life. These factors include psychological traits of the patient, socioeconomic factors such as education and employment status, gender ethnicity, medication side effects, stigma, and psychiatric comorbidities. Maximizing quality of life as the main treatment focus should, therefore, include a comprehensive approach that keeps all these factors and their complicated interplay in mind in order to deliver the best possible treatment.
{"title":"An overview of the Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia","authors":"Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220401144747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220401144747","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. While control of positive clinical symptoms can be achieved relatively robustly, other clinical signs such as negative symptoms or cognitive problems can be more difficult to treat. \u0000This narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of how these and other factors impact a patient’s quality of life. Ample evidence shows that clinical symptoms of any kind have a negative impact on quality of life. Numerous factors, however, play an important role in the overall wellbeing of the patients in such a way that a mere focus on clinical symptom control is not enough to improve quality of life. These factors include psychological traits of the patient, socioeconomic factors such as education and employment status, gender ethnicity, medication side effects, stigma, and psychiatric comorbidities. Maximizing quality of life as the main treatment focus should, therefore, include a comprehensive approach that keeps all these factors and their complicated interplay in mind in order to deliver the best possible treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220325103648
Yasar A. El-Sheikh, Katherine Miles, Eman Humaidat, Yazan Banat, Nada Ibrahim, Ghayd Suheimat
Differences in personality may have an impact on academic performance, however, academic assessments aim to measure knowledge, skills, and behavior domains rather than personality. To investigate the relation between personality traits and academic performance of medical students and evaluate if correlations between personality traits and examination scores are affected by gender or stage of study (pre-clinical versus clinical). This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to identify Big Five Model personality traits of medical students at the Hashemite University, Jordan. A stratified sampling technique, according to stage of study and gender, resulted in a sample of 307 medical students who completed the questionnaire. Grade Point Average (GPA) scores, as a measure of academic performance, were retrieved from the University database for each participant and data was analysed using SPSS 16.0. The correlation between personality traits and GPA score was investigated using Pearson coefficient. Two-way ANOVA testing investigated the effect of gender and stage of study and the interaction of these factors with personality traits on GPA. Only Conscientiousness had a significant positive correlation with GPA (r = .231, p < .001). Two-way ANOVA showed only Conscientiousness had a statistically significant effect on GPA (F (1, n=307) = 10.353, p = .001). Investigating the interaction between gender, stage of study and personality traits on GPA, showed only a statistically significant interaction effect between stage of study and openness on GPA (F (1, n=307) = 10.297, p =.001). Overall, personality traits did not unduly influence the assessment procedures, except a positive correlation of conscientiousness with academic performance and an interaction between openness and stage of study with academic performance. These findings, from a developing country, advance our understanding of correlations between personality traits and academic performance and may inform the development of equitable assessments in similar contexts worldwide.
性格的差异可能会对学业表现产生影响，然而，学业评估的目的是衡量知识、技能和行为领域，而不是个性。探讨医学生人格特质与学业成绩的关系，并评价人格特质与考试成绩的相关性是否受到性别或学习阶段(临床前与临床)的影响。本横断面研究采用在线问卷调查的方式来确定约旦哈希姆大学医学生的五大典型人格特征。分层抽样技术，根据研究阶段和性别，导致样本 307 医学生谁完成了问卷。平均绩点(GPA)分数，作为学业成绩的衡量标准，从大学数据库中检索每个参与者，并使用SPSS 16.0分析数据。采用Pearson系数分析人格特质与GPA成绩的相关性。双因素方差分析分析了性别、学习阶段以及这些因素与人格特质的交互作用对GPA的影响。只有责任心与GPA呈显著正相关(r = 0.231, p < 0.001)。双因素方差分析显示，只有责任心对GPA有显著影响(F (1, n=307) = 10.353, p = .001)。在性别、学习阶段和人格特质对GPA的交互作用调查中，只有学习阶段和开放性对GPA的交互作用有统计学意义(F (1, n=307) = 10.297, p = 0.001)。总体而言，除了严谨性与学业成绩呈正相关，开放性和学习阶段与学业成绩呈正相关外，人格特质对评估程序没有过度影响。这些发现来自一个发展中国家，促进了我们对人格特质和学习成绩之间相关性的理解，并可能为在世界范围内类似背景下制定公平评估提供信息。
{"title":"Correlation of Personality Traits and Academic Performance of Jordanian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Yasar A. El-Sheikh, Katherine Miles, Eman Humaidat, Yazan Banat, Nada Ibrahim, Ghayd Suheimat","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220325103648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220325103648","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Differences in personality may have an impact on academic performance, however, academic assessments aim to measure knowledge, skills, and behavior domains rather than personality.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To investigate the relation between personality traits and academic performance of medical students and evaluate if correlations between personality traits and examination scores are affected by gender or stage of study (pre-clinical versus clinical).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to identify Big Five Model personality traits of medical students at the Hashemite University, Jordan. A stratified sampling technique, according to stage of study and gender, resulted in a sample of 307 medical students who completed the questionnaire. Grade Point Average (GPA) scores, as a measure of academic performance, were retrieved from the University database for each participant and data was analysed using SPSS 16.0. The correlation between personality traits and GPA score was investigated using Pearson coefficient. Two-way ANOVA testing investigated the effect of gender and stage of study and the interaction of these factors with personality traits on GPA.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Only Conscientiousness had a significant positive correlation with GPA (r = .231, p < .001). Two-way ANOVA showed only Conscientiousness had a statistically significant effect on GPA (F (1, n=307) = 10.353, p = .001). Investigating the interaction between gender, stage of study and personality traits on GPA, showed only a statistically significant interaction effect between stage of study and openness on GPA (F (1, n=307) = 10.297, p =.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, personality traits did not unduly influence the assessment procedures, except a positive correlation of conscientiousness with academic performance and an interaction between openness and stage of study with academic performance. These findings, from a developing country, advance our understanding of correlations between personality traits and academic performance and may inform the development of equitable assessments in similar contexts worldwide.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.2174/266608221801220804093706
R. Badgaiyan
{"title":"Psychiatry Research has Moved Past COVID-19","authors":"R. Badgaiyan","doi":"10.2174/266608221801220804093706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/266608221801220804093706","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220301142201
Divya Baveja, J. Shukla, Srishti Srivastava
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one of the third wave therapies that came as a response to certain limitations of cognitive-behavioral therapies, and other existent psychotherapeutic models, which emphasizes changing the context of cognition rather than the content. ACT has a fast-growing evidence base, and its literature among the adolescent population is in its infancy. The authors attempted to consolidate findings of ACT’s effectiveness for clinical problems among the adolescent population. Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Sage, and ProQuest were searched for published studies and unpublished doctoral dissertations until April 2021. After adopting a two-staged screening process, 19 studies were selected, which included randomized controlled trials, case reports, and other quasi-experimental studies reporting results from ACT or ACT-based intervention given to a population of adolescents for any clinical conditions, or concern. The authors present a narrative systematic review of these 19 studies, including a methodological assessment. Results showed ACT to be effective in reducing objectively measured clinical symptoms, and interference caused by them. Subjective accounts by adolescents and caregivers also corroborated that. More, rigorous RCTs and comparisons with other active treatments are needed to improve the evidence base as such studies were few, and had some methodological flaws. The authors also discuss certain limitations in assessing the effectiveness of ACT in such studies. The ACT model could serve as a promising alternative approach to be used with adolescents across many concerns, with an emphasis on improving the quality of life, and their engagement with valued goals.
{"title":"Utility of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy among Adolescents – A Systematic Review","authors":"Divya Baveja, J. Shukla, Srishti Srivastava","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220301142201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220301142201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one of the third wave therapies that came as a response to certain limitations of cognitive-behavioral therapies, and other existent psychotherapeutic models, which emphasizes changing the context of cognition rather than the content. ACT has a fast-growing evidence base, and its literature among the adolescent population is in its infancy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The authors attempted to consolidate findings of ACT’s effectiveness for clinical problems among the adolescent population.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Sage, and ProQuest were searched for published studies and unpublished doctoral dissertations until April 2021. After adopting a two-staged screening process, 19 studies were selected, which included randomized controlled trials, case reports, and other quasi-experimental studies reporting results from ACT or ACT-based intervention given to a population of adolescents for any clinical conditions, or concern. The authors present a narrative systematic review of these 19 studies, including a methodological assessment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results showed ACT to be effective in reducing objectively measured clinical symptoms, and interference caused by them. Subjective accounts by adolescents and caregivers also corroborated that. More, rigorous RCTs and comparisons with other active treatments are needed to improve the evidence base as such studies were few, and had some methodological flaws. The authors also discuss certain limitations in assessing the effectiveness of ACT in such studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The ACT model could serve as a promising alternative approach to be used with adolescents across many concerns, with an emphasis on improving the quality of life, and their engagement with valued goals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220210143230
P. Šustová, Mabel Rodriguez
Background: In recent years, there has been an emerging interest in the overlap between schizophrenia and autism. The co-occurrence between these two disorders may be seen not only at a diagnostic level, but also as the presence of autistic traits in schizophrenia. There has been a rapid rise in the number of studies focusing on autistic traits in schizophrenia and their clinical associations. Objective: Here, we provide a review that summarizes the current findings and highlights gaps that may be addressed by future research. Results: Higher levels of autistic traits have been associated with earlier age of onset, longer duration of illness, resistance to treatment, and more severe cognitive deficit. Regarding social cognition and psychosocial functioning, the findings are mixed. Conclusion: Patients with prominent autistic traits seem to be overly more affected. Effect of autistic traits on social cognition and psychosocial functioning remains unclear, as well as their relationship with negative symptoms. Therefore, longitudinal studies are highly needed.
{"title":"Autistic Traits in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders","authors":"P. Šustová, Mabel Rodriguez","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220210143230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220210143230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Background: In recent years, there has been an emerging interest in the overlap between schizophrenia and autism. The co-occurrence between these two disorders may be seen not only at a diagnostic level, but also as the presence of autistic traits in schizophrenia. There has been a rapid rise in the number of studies focusing on autistic traits in schizophrenia and their clinical associations. Objective: Here, we provide a review that summarizes the current findings and highlights gaps that may be addressed by future research. Results: Higher levels of autistic traits have been associated with earlier age of onset, longer duration of illness, resistance to treatment, and more severe cognitive deficit. Regarding social cognition and psychosocial functioning, the findings are mixed. Conclusion: Patients with prominent autistic traits seem to be overly more affected. Effect of autistic traits on social cognition and psychosocial functioning remains unclear, as well as their relationship with negative symptoms. Therefore, longitudinal studies are highly needed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43431564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220126111415
Marcell Harhai, Laszlo G. Harsing, Jr
Being a historical issue that withstands multiple societal control measures, alcohol abuse remains a major healthcare problem. Despite worldwide efforts to limit consumption and educate people about its effects, consumption rates remain unchanged. Alcohol abuse arises from chronic alcohol exposure-caused permanent synaptic plasticity changes in the brain. These manifest in life-threatening withdrawal symptoms and drive relapse even after detoxification and treatment. Since ethanol has multiple targets in the human brain, it warrants a multiapproach therapy; here we introduce the potential therapeutic effects of glycine transporter subtype 1 inhibitors. We have listed the various glycine transporter 1 inhibitors used in studies of alcoholism and how they influenced glycine release from rat hippocampus was demonstrated in a preliminary study. Glycine transporters modulate both glutamatergic and glycinergic pathways: (i) glutamatergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the development of chronic changes in alcoholism as daily alcohol administration was shown to increase N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activity long-term, and (ii) ethanol has access to the dopaminergic reward system via glycine receptors, being an allosteric modulator of glycine receptors. This manuscript summarises the progress and development of glycine transporter 1 inhibitors, characterizing them by their mode of action, adverse effects, and discusses their clinical applicability. Furthermore, we highlight the progress in the latest clinical trials, outline currently applied treatment methods, and offer suggestions for implementing glycine transporter 1 inhibitors into the long-term treatment of alcohol abuse.
{"title":"An Overview of Glycine Transporter Subtype 1 Inhibitors Under Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation for the Treatment of Alcohol Abuse","authors":"Marcell Harhai, Laszlo G. Harsing, Jr","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220126111415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220126111415","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Being a historical issue that withstands multiple societal control measures, alcohol abuse remains a major healthcare problem. Despite worldwide efforts to limit consumption and educate people about its effects, consumption rates remain unchanged. Alcohol abuse arises from chronic alcohol exposure-caused permanent synaptic plasticity changes in the brain. These manifest in life-threatening withdrawal symptoms and drive relapse even after detoxification and treatment. Since ethanol has multiple targets in the human brain, it warrants a multiapproach therapy; here we introduce the potential therapeutic effects of glycine transporter subtype 1 inhibitors. We have listed the various glycine transporter 1 inhibitors used in studies of alcoholism and how they influenced glycine release from rat hippocampus was demonstrated in a preliminary study. Glycine transporters modulate both glutamatergic and glycinergic pathways: (i) glutamatergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the development of chronic changes in alcoholism as daily alcohol administration was shown to increase N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activity long-term, and (ii) ethanol has access to the dopaminergic reward system via glycine receptors, being an allosteric modulator of glycine receptors. This manuscript summarises the progress and development of glycine transporter 1 inhibitors, characterizing them by their mode of action, adverse effects, and discusses their clinical applicability. Furthermore, we highlight the progress in the latest clinical trials, outline currently applied treatment methods, and offer suggestions for implementing glycine transporter 1 inhibitors into the long-term treatment of alcohol abuse.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41357244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666211221090624
A. Rodríguez, Xabier Pérez de Mendiola Etxezarraga
The recurrent nature of Bipolar Disorder (BD) is the main cause of disability associated with the illness. Despite the proliferation of drugs approved for the maintenance phase of BD, the relapse rate is still high. The combination of drugs, especially the potentiation of mood-stabilizers with second-generation antipsychotics, may reduce the risk of relapse and rehospitalization. However, studies on the efficacy of specific combinations are scarce. The clinical case of a 28-year-old woman involuntarily admitted to an Acute Psychiatric Unit is presented. She suffers a manic postpartum episode with mixed and psychotic features. During the hospitalization, she is successfully treated with a combination of lithium plus olanzapine. In the discussion, a concise narrative review of the scientific literature on the efficacy of such a combination in BD is made. The association of lithium plus olanzapine is one of the combinations with most evidence on its efficacy in BD, especially in mixed-featured episodes. Tolerability concerns should not be an obstacle to its use, although they must be considered
{"title":"Lithium Plus Olanzapine: One of the Most Effective Combinations for Bipolar Disorder. A Case Report and a Concise Review of the Literature","authors":"A. Rodríguez, Xabier Pérez de Mendiola Etxezarraga","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666211221090624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666211221090624","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The recurrent nature of Bipolar Disorder (BD) is the main cause of disability associated with the illness. Despite the proliferation of drugs approved for the maintenance phase of BD, the relapse rate is still high. The combination of drugs, especially the potentiation of mood-stabilizers with second-generation antipsychotics, may reduce the risk of relapse and rehospitalization. However, studies on the efficacy of specific combinations are scarce.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The clinical case of a 28-year-old woman involuntarily admitted to an Acute Psychiatric Unit is presented. She suffers a manic postpartum episode with mixed and psychotic features. During the hospitalization, she is successfully treated with a combination of lithium plus olanzapine. In the discussion, a concise narrative review of the scientific literature on the efficacy of such a combination in BD is made.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The association of lithium plus olanzapine is one of the combinations with most evidence on its efficacy in BD, especially in mixed-featured episodes. Tolerability concerns should not be an obstacle to its use, although they must be considered\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666211220160326
H. Rezai, E. Sadeghian, F. Shamsaei, M. Ghafari
Aggression is one of the symptoms of bipolar disorder. This expression can be associated with negative personal and social effects This study aimed to determine the effect of anger management education on aggression in bipolar disorder. This semi-experimental study with a repeated measures design was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, 2018. Fifty-two bipolar type-1 disorder patients were randomly selected from the Psychiatric Ward of Farshian Hospital through the convenience sampling method. The anger management education intervention included four sessions. Also, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) was completed by the subjects before, immediately, and two weeks after the educational intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS16, using Mauchly’s sphericity test and the least significant difference. The mean aggression score was 61.38±11.59 before the intervention, which reduced to 27.18±8.61 and 18.86±6.45 immediately and two weeks after the intervention, respectively. The repeated measures test showed that the decreasing trend of scores was statistically significant (P<0.001). Moreover, pairwise comparison of study stages demonstrated a significant difference between the first and second stages (P<0.001) and the second and third stages (P<0.001). Anger management education reduced the level of aggression in bipolar type-1 disorder. Therefore, it can be incorporated into nursing care programs
{"title":"Effect of Anger Management Education on Aggression in Bipolar Disorder Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study","authors":"H. Rezai, E. Sadeghian, F. Shamsaei, M. Ghafari","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666211220160326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666211220160326","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Aggression is one of the symptoms of bipolar disorder. This expression can be associated with negative personal and social effects\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 This study aimed to determine the effect of anger management education on aggression in bipolar disorder.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This semi-experimental study with a repeated measures design was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, 2018. Fifty-two bipolar type-1 disorder patients were randomly selected from the Psychiatric Ward of Farshian Hospital through the convenience sampling method. The anger management education intervention included four sessions. Also, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) was completed by the subjects before, immediately, and two weeks after the educational intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS16, using Mauchly’s sphericity test and the least significant difference.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean aggression score was 61.38±11.59 before the intervention, which reduced to 27.18±8.61 and 18.86±6.45 immediately and two weeks after the intervention, respectively. The repeated measures test showed that the decreasing trend of scores was statistically significant (P<0.001). Moreover, pairwise comparison of study stages demonstrated a significant difference between the first and second stages (P<0.001) and the second and third stages (P<0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Anger management education reduced the level of aggression in bipolar type-1 disorder. Therefore, it can be incorporated into nursing care programs\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43814108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666211220164527
R. Penadés, Florencia Forte, G. Mezquida, Alexandre González Rodríguez, C. García-Rizo, R. Catalán, M. Bernardo
Suicide is probably one of the worst potential complications for people with schizophrenia. Even though the use of antipsychotic medication is essential in reducing suicidal behaviour, the use of psychological treatments seems to be in the same way necessary. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based form of psychotherapy that is constantly trying to synchronise with the latest recommendations from the research. The goal of the present work is to systematically review the scientific evidence from published studies testing the effectiveness of CBT designed to deal with suicide in patients with schizophrenia. We searched using multiple terms related to suicide prevention based on CBT in schizophrenia. Two databases (Medline and SCOPUS) were scrutinised for the electronic search and different reference lists from previous reviews were also hand checked. We identified 5 randomised and controlled trials of CBT that included suicide-related cognitions or behaviours as a primary outcome measure. CBT focusing on suicidal cognitions and behaviours was found to be effective in reducing suicidal ideation. As the number of studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria is small and the assessment of outcomes is heterogeneous, we did not perform a meta-analysis and we present results in a narrative way. Research on CBT focused on suicide prevention in patients with schizophrenia is promising but current evidence is notoriously insufficient. Although those therapies seemed to be efficacious in the prevention of suicide, scarcity of randomised clinical trials specifically focusing on suicide is probably the most important issue to be faced. Given the current evidence, clinicians should be familiar with CBT techniques focusing on suicidal cognitions. However, suicide prevention and treatment in those with schizophrenia is complex, and many other factors such as possible earlier use of clozapine, optimizing adherence to medication, and other psychosocial aspects should be addressed. Combination of different strategies appears to be mandatory.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Suicide in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review","authors":"R. Penadés, Florencia Forte, G. Mezquida, Alexandre González Rodríguez, C. García-Rizo, R. Catalán, M. Bernardo","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666211220164527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666211220164527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Suicide is probably one of the worst potential complications for people with schizophrenia. Even though the use of antipsychotic medication is essential in reducing suicidal behaviour, the use of psychological treatments seems to be in the same way necessary. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based form of psychotherapy that is constantly trying to synchronise with the latest recommendations from the research. The goal of the present work is to systematically review the scientific evidence from published studies testing the effectiveness of CBT designed to deal with suicide in patients with schizophrenia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We searched using multiple terms related to suicide prevention based on CBT in schizophrenia. Two databases (Medline and SCOPUS) were scrutinised for the electronic search and different reference lists from previous reviews were also hand checked.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We identified 5 randomised and controlled trials of CBT that included suicide-related cognitions or behaviours as a primary outcome measure. CBT focusing on suicidal cognitions and behaviours was found to be effective in reducing suicidal ideation. As the number of studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria is small and the assessment of outcomes is heterogeneous, we did not perform a meta-analysis and we present results in a narrative way.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Research on CBT focused on suicide prevention in patients with schizophrenia is promising but current evidence is notoriously insufficient. Although those therapies seemed to be efficacious in the prevention of suicide, scarcity of randomised clinical trials specifically focusing on suicide is probably the most important issue to be faced. Given the current evidence, clinicians should be familiar with CBT techniques focusing on suicidal cognitions. However, suicide prevention and treatment in those with schizophrenia is complex, and many other factors such as possible earlier use of clozapine, optimizing adherence to medication, and other psychosocial aspects should be addressed. Combination of different strategies appears to be mandatory.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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