Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220822154558
S. Bhatt, Tanuj Upadhyay, C. Patil, K. Pai, D. Chellappan, K. Dua
Oxidative stress (OS) is a chief contributing factor in the pathological advancement of Schizophrenia (SCZ). In recent years, OS has emerged as an important aspect in the SCZ research and provides abundant opportunities and expectation for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to novel treatment strategies. The increased OS and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to damage of cellular macromolecules. The excessive OS is associated with several physiological processes such as dysfunction of mitochondria and neuroglia, inflammation, underactive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the abnormalities of fast-spiking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons. The method adopted for the study are mainly based on the secondary search through a systemic literature review. The role of various anti-oxidants including vitamins are discussed in the reduction of SCZ. Various preclinical and clinical evidence are also suggesting the involvement of OS and ROS in the progression of the disease. Recent human trials have shown that treatment with antioxidants to be effective in ameliorating symptoms and delaying the progression of SCZ pathology. The studies demonstrated that Innate and dietary antioxidants have shown beneficial effects by reducing the severity of positive symptoms (PS) and/or negative symptoms (NS) of SCZ. The present review critically evaluates the effect of antioxidants and highlights the role of OS in SCZ.
氧化应激(OS)是导致精神分裂症(SCZ)病理进展的主要因素。近年来，OS已成为SCZ研究的一个重要方面，为更好地了解其病理生理提供了丰富的机会和期望，从而可能导致新的治疗策略。活性氧的增加和活性氧(ROS)的形成导致细胞大分子的损伤。过量的OS与线粒体和神经胶质细胞功能障碍、炎症、n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体活性低下和快速脉冲γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)中间神经元异常等生理过程有关。本研究采用的方法主要是通过系统的文献综述进行二次检索。讨论了包括维生素在内的各种抗氧化剂在降低SCZ中的作用。各种临床前和临床证据也表明OS和ROS参与了疾病的进展。最近的人体试验表明抗氧化剂治疗在改善症状和延缓SCZ病理进展方面是有效的。研究表明，先天抗氧化剂和膳食抗氧化剂通过降低SCZ阳性症状(PS)和/或阴性症状(NS)的严重程度而显示出有益的效果。本文对抗氧化剂的作用进行了批判性评价，并强调了OS在SCZ中的作用。
{"title":"Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiological Progression of Schizophrenia","authors":"S. Bhatt, Tanuj Upadhyay, C. Patil, K. Pai, D. Chellappan, K. Dua","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220822154558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220822154558","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oxidative stress (OS) is a chief contributing factor in the pathological advancement of Schizophrenia (SCZ). In recent years, OS has emerged as an important aspect in the SCZ research and provides abundant opportunities and expectation for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to novel treatment strategies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The increased OS and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to damage of cellular macromolecules. The excessive OS is associated with several physiological processes such as dysfunction of mitochondria and neuroglia, inflammation, underactive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the abnormalities of fast-spiking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The method adopted for the study are mainly based on the secondary search through a systemic literature review. The role of various anti-oxidants including vitamins are discussed in the reduction of SCZ.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Various preclinical and clinical evidence are also suggesting the involvement of OS and ROS in the progression of the disease. Recent human trials have shown that treatment with antioxidants to be effective in ameliorating symptoms and delaying the progression of SCZ pathology. The studies demonstrated that Innate and dietary antioxidants have shown beneficial effects by reducing the severity of positive symptoms (PS) and/or negative symptoms (NS) of SCZ.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present review critically evaluates the effect of antioxidants and highlights the role of OS in SCZ.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220822121039
E. Jenabi, Mahdieh Seyedi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei
There are few studies in the world on the duration of breastfeeding and the risk of autism. To our knowledge, no study has yet explained the association between breastfeeding duration and ASD in Iran. The present study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and the risk of ASD in offspring in the west of Iran. This case-control study was performed on 100 children aged 3-14 years who had a medical record in the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center and the Autism Association of Hamadan and were diagnosed with autism according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders [DSM-5] criteria. The control group included healthy children who had active family record in comprehensive health service centers. All analyzes were performed using Stata software version 14. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. After adjusting for other variables, each increase in the month of breastfeeding was associated with a 5% decrease in odds of ASD [OR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.99], P=0.03]. The odds of ASD in boys were significantly higher [OR=3.85 [95% CI: 1.91, 7.76], P<0.001]. Moreover, drug use [OR=0.01], history of autism [OR=6.62], history of psychiatry disorder [OR=7.2] were significantly associated with increased odds of ASD [P<0.05]. These findings showed that breastfeeding duration can be a protective factor for ASD. Therefore, policymakers and health staff can reduce the risk of autism by promoting increased breastfeeding duration, especially for children with high risk for autism.
{"title":"Is breastfeeding duration associated with risk of developing ASD?","authors":"E. Jenabi, Mahdieh Seyedi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220822121039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220822121039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There are few studies in the world on the duration of breastfeeding and the risk of autism. To our knowledge, no study has yet explained the association between breastfeeding duration and ASD in Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and the risk of ASD in offspring in the west of Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This case-control study was performed on 100 children aged 3-14 years who had a medical record in the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center and the Autism Association of Hamadan and were diagnosed with autism according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders [DSM-5] criteria. The control group included healthy children who had active family record in comprehensive health service centers. All analyzes were performed using Stata software version 14. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After adjusting for other variables, each increase in the month of breastfeeding was associated with a 5% decrease in odds of ASD [OR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.99], P=0.03]. The odds of ASD in boys were significantly higher [OR=3.85 [95% CI: 1.91, 7.76], P<0.001]. Moreover, drug use [OR=0.01], history of autism [OR=6.62], history of psychiatry disorder [OR=7.2] were significantly associated with increased odds of ASD [P<0.05].\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings showed that breastfeeding duration can be a protective factor for ASD. Therefore, policymakers and health staff can reduce the risk of autism by promoting increased breastfeeding duration, especially for children with high risk for autism.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42918152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220816100950
Marie-Sarah Girard, Julien Morizot
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition associated with numerous individual and collective negative consequences. According to several etiological theories and retrospective research, child maltreatment (CM) may be considered a central factor explaining BPD development. In order to verify this hypothesis, a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies was conducted. Following searches in five electronic databases, 19 articles that examined the relationship between CM (i.e., physical, sexual and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and BPD (i.e., diagnosis or severity score) were selected. Overall, the results only partly confirm the hypothesis that CM is a risk factor for BPD. Evidence for a prospective relationship between CM and later BPD is stronger in studies using a symptom count compared to a categorical diagnosis. However, the small number of studies precludes assessing the differential impacts between CM types and BPD. Available prospective longitudinal studies do not unequivocally support the idea that CM is a robust risk factor for BPD. Future research needs are discussed.
{"title":"Is Child Maltreatment a Risk Factor for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies","authors":"Marie-Sarah Girard, Julien Morizot","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220816100950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220816100950","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition associated with numerous individual and collective negative consequences. According to several etiological theories and retrospective research, child maltreatment (CM) may be considered a central factor explaining BPD development.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In order to verify this hypothesis, a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies was conducted.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Following searches in five electronic databases, 19 articles that examined the relationship between CM (i.e., physical, sexual and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and BPD (i.e., diagnosis or severity score) were selected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, the results only partly confirm the hypothesis that CM is a risk factor for BPD. Evidence for a prospective relationship between CM and later BPD is stronger in studies using a symptom count compared to a categorical diagnosis. However, the small number of studies precludes assessing the differential impacts between CM types and BPD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Available prospective longitudinal studies do not unequivocally support the idea that CM is a robust risk factor for BPD. Future research needs are discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220812114149
J. Morillo, V. Morillo, Maria Angelica Marquina, Milagros Rojas, M. Nava
The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on the population of the world, disrupting healthcare systems around the globe and leading to human and material losses. While different vaccines have been approved in record time, there continues to be a high number of daily new cases and patients face a wide range of presentations of the disease, from asymptomatic to potentially fatal. Therefore, the search for therapeutic agents that can aid in the management and control of the disease has become one of the main goals for researchers and clinicians. As an inflammatory disease, targets for the treatment of COVID-19 have largely involved the immune system. Inflammation has also been associated with mental health disorders, and studies have shown the potential involvement of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of depression. As a consequence, the hypothesis of using antidepressants and other psychotropics for the treatment of COVID-19 has emerged. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular pathways that could be involved as well as the emergent evidence that has been reported by studies performed since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. While it has been observed that there are potential therapeutic pathways for the use of antidepressants in the treatment of COVID-19, additional studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psychotropics in this disease.
{"title":"Use Of Psychotropics In Covid-19 – Another Anti-Inflammatory Pathway?","authors":"J. Morillo, V. Morillo, Maria Angelica Marquina, Milagros Rojas, M. Nava","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220812114149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220812114149","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on the population of the world, disrupting healthcare systems around the globe and leading to human and material losses. While different vaccines have been approved in record time, there continues to be a high number of daily new cases and patients face a wide range of presentations of the disease, from asymptomatic to potentially fatal. Therefore, the search for therapeutic agents that can aid in the management and control of the disease has become one of the main goals for researchers and clinicians. As an inflammatory disease, targets for the treatment of COVID-19 have largely involved the immune system. Inflammation has also been associated with mental health disorders, and studies have shown the potential involvement of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of depression. As a consequence, the hypothesis of using antidepressants and other psychotropics for the treatment of COVID-19 has emerged. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular pathways that could be involved as well as the emergent evidence that has been reported by studies performed since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. While it has been observed that there are potential therapeutic pathways for the use of antidepressants in the treatment of COVID-19, additional studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psychotropics in this disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220802122605
Z. Zanjani, Maryam Jandaghian, V. Ghorbani, S. Alvani, Sanaz Joekar
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's psychological functioning, including how the cope with anxiety. This study aimed to assess the role of coping styles on the relationship of COVID-19 anxiety and Washing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (W-OCD) symptoms. A cross-sectional study was performed on 420 people living in Kashan city (Iran) from March to April 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method due to the difficulties brought about by COVID-19 and completed the contamination subscale of Padua Inventory, Covid-19 anxiety inventory, and coping strategies scale. Data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS- 22. The results revealed that emotion focused, somatization and social support coping strategies were significantly associated with W-OCD symptoms. Also, there was a significant correlation between the Covid-19 anxiety with the W-OCD symptoms. SEM result revealed that emotion focused and somatization coping strategies positively mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and W-OCD symptoms. Emotion focused and somatization coping strategies increase W-OCD symptoms following COVID-19 anxiety. Psycho education interventions addressing COVID-19's physical and psychological impacts on health, discriminating the rational and adaptive behavior and obsessive and compulsive behaviors, restricting the information gathering from numerous sources which may lead to increased negative emotions might be helpful.
{"title":"COVID-19 anxiety and washing obsessive-compulsive symptoms: stress coping styles as a mediator..","authors":"Z. Zanjani, Maryam Jandaghian, V. Ghorbani, S. Alvani, Sanaz Joekar","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220802122605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220802122605","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's psychological functioning, including how the cope with anxiety. This study aimed to assess the role of coping styles on the relationship of COVID-19 anxiety and Washing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (W-OCD) symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional study was performed on 420 people living in Kashan city (Iran) from March to April 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method due to the difficulties brought about by COVID-19 and completed the contamination subscale of Padua Inventory, Covid-19 anxiety inventory, and coping strategies scale. Data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS- 22.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results revealed that emotion focused, somatization and social support coping strategies were significantly associated with W-OCD symptoms. Also, there was a significant correlation between the Covid-19 anxiety with the W-OCD symptoms. SEM result revealed that emotion focused and somatization coping strategies positively mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and W-OCD symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Emotion focused and somatization coping strategies increase W-OCD symptoms following COVID-19 anxiety. Psycho education interventions addressing COVID-19's physical and psychological impacts on health, discriminating the rational and adaptive behavior and obsessive and compulsive behaviors, restricting the information gathering from numerous sources which may lead to increased negative emotions might be helpful.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220802112458
Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția, Adela Hanga
Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. Due to the possibility of relatively robust control over clinical symptoms, the focus of care for schizophrenia patients has shifted from institutionalized to community-based outpatient treatment options. While this change in paradigm allows affected individuals to socialize and take part in everyday activities, it has also increased the burden on family caregivers. At the same time, the interpretation of self-reported quality of life scores can be challenging due to known influencing factors like changes in internal standards, values, and goals. We present the theory of response shift as an adaptive mechanism that summarizes these complex changes and explains the seemingly contradicting long-term findings regarding quality of life ratings in informal caregivers. This state-of-the-art narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of the most critical factors that negatively impact the quality of life of caregivers and to summarize the current evidence, if any, of the response shifts in nonprofessional family caregivers. To our knowledge it is the first time that response shift and its impact on quality of life in family caregivers of patients is reviewed in this way.
{"title":"Response Shift as a Possible Obstacle in Assessing Perceived Quality of Life and Burden of Care in Informal Caregivers of Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review","authors":"Jes Sebastian Völker, I. Micluția, Adela Hanga","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220802112458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220802112458","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. Due to the possibility of relatively robust control over clinical symptoms, the focus of care for schizophrenia patients has shifted from institutionalized to community-based outpatient treatment options. While this change in paradigm allows affected individuals to socialize and take part in everyday activities, it has also increased the burden on family caregivers. At the same time, the interpretation of self-reported quality of life scores can be challenging due to known influencing factors like changes in internal standards, values, and goals. We present the theory of response shift as an adaptive mechanism that summarizes these complex changes and explains the seemingly contradicting long-term findings regarding quality of life ratings in informal caregivers.\u0000This state-of-the-art narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of the most critical factors that negatively impact the quality of life of caregivers and to summarize the current evidence, if any, of the response shifts in nonprofessional family caregivers. To our knowledge it is the first time that response shift and its impact on quality of life in family caregivers of patients is reviewed in this way.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220801095440
Wai Yee Sin, Wai Nga Wong, Yi To Michelle Lo, Uen Ting Elizabeth Tse, Hoi Wai Helen Wong, Ka Yin Elizabeth Tung, Amy Dun-mi Fung, Michael Chih Chien Kuo
Independence in community living is an important aspect of rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Previous studies investigating relationships of coginitive, symptomatic, and demographic factors in community living ability of schizophrenia showed inconsistent findings. These findings may be due to variations in functional measures used or a heterogenous sample of participants recruited. To investigate the relationships of cognitive, symptomatic and demographic factors with community living skills for people with schizophrenia living in supported living facilities. This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty-seven adults with schizophrenia and 32 matched healthy controls were recruited. Both groups completed the Verbal Fluency Test, subtests of Cognistat, and the Color Trail Test. Additional assessments (i.e., Chinese version of St. Louis Inventory of Community Living Skills – SLICLS-C and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale – PANSS) were used to evaluate participants with schizophrenia. Cognitive profile was compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships of cognitive abilities, symptomatology, and demographic factors with community living skills in schizophrenia. Results showed that participants with schizophrenia performed worse than the control group in verbal fluency, visual memory, immediate memory, delayed memory, and executive function tests. Significant moderate correlations between SLICLS-C score and participants’ years of education, positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and PANSS total score were identified. Results indicated cognitive impairments are persistent in schizophrenia who are in remission and have been partially integrated back into the community. Cognitive deficits that people with schizophrenia experience might be stable over most of the course of the illness. Participants’ years of education, positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and PANSS total score might be important moderating variables to include in future investigations related to predicting community living performance in schizophrenia.
{"title":"Cognition, Symptomatology, and Community Living Skills in Schizophrenia","authors":"Wai Yee Sin, Wai Nga Wong, Yi To Michelle Lo, Uen Ting Elizabeth Tse, Hoi Wai Helen Wong, Ka Yin Elizabeth Tung, Amy Dun-mi Fung, Michael Chih Chien Kuo","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220801095440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220801095440","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Independence in community living is an important aspect of rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Previous studies investigating relationships of coginitive, symptomatic, and demographic factors in community living ability of schizophrenia showed inconsistent findings. These findings may be due to variations in functional measures used or a heterogenous sample of participants recruited.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To investigate the relationships of cognitive, symptomatic and demographic factors with community living skills for people with schizophrenia living in supported living facilities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty-seven adults with schizophrenia and 32 matched healthy controls were recruited. Both groups completed the Verbal Fluency Test, subtests of Cognistat, and the Color Trail Test. Additional assessments (i.e., Chinese version of St. Louis Inventory of Community Living Skills – SLICLS-C and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale – PANSS) were used to evaluate participants with schizophrenia. Cognitive profile was compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships of cognitive abilities, symptomatology, and demographic factors with community living skills in schizophrenia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results showed that participants with schizophrenia performed worse than the control group in verbal fluency, visual memory, immediate memory, delayed memory, and executive function tests. Significant moderate correlations between SLICLS-C score and participants’ years of education, positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and PANSS total score were identified.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results indicated cognitive impairments are persistent in schizophrenia who are in remission and have been partially integrated back into the community. Cognitive deficits that people with schizophrenia experience might be stable over most of the course of the illness. Participants’ years of education, positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and PANSS total score might be important moderating variables to include in future investigations related to predicting community living performance in schizophrenia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220722123532
S. Aljhani, Shahad Al Jameli, Fayzah AlHussan, M. Almutairi
Insomnia is considered one of the most common sleep disorders. One-third of the world’s population has one or more symptoms of insomnia, with 10% satisfying the criteria for clinical diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia among pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia and its association with self-medication. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed online by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, targeting pharmacists from different working areas in Saudi Arabia. The survey included socio-demographic data, level of education, working area, and work experience; use of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic sleeping aid; reasons for self-medication; and the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire. A total of 515 pharmacists participated in the study (male 53.4% vs. female 46.6%). The prevalence of clinically significant insomnia was 48.2%. Of these, 66.5% were mild, 29.8% were moderate, and 3.6% were severe. The prevalence of pharmacists currently using sleep aid medications was 22.7%. Factors associated with clinically significant insomnia were younger age (21 – 30 years), female sex, unmarried status, living in the central region, chronic diseases, history of psychiatric disorder, consultation with a health care professional, current use of sleep aid medications, and use of psychological and behavioral intervention as a sleeping aid. Insomnia is common among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia, but self-medication is uncommon. Of all pharmacists, female young adults who were not married and had a previous history of psychiatric disorders were greatly affected by insomnia and self-medicated the most.
{"title":"Insomnia and Self-medication among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Aljhani, Shahad Al Jameli, Fayzah AlHussan, M. Almutairi","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220722123532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220722123532","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Insomnia is considered one of the most common sleep disorders. One-third of the world’s population has one or more symptoms of insomnia, with 10% satisfying the criteria for clinical diagnosis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia among pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia and its association with self-medication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed online by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, targeting pharmacists from different working areas in Saudi Arabia. The survey included socio-demographic data, level of education, working area, and work experience; use of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic sleeping aid; reasons for self-medication; and the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 515 pharmacists participated in the study (male 53.4% vs. female 46.6%). The prevalence of clinically significant insomnia was 48.2%. Of these, 66.5% were mild, 29.8% were moderate, and 3.6% were severe. The prevalence of pharmacists currently using sleep aid medications was 22.7%. Factors associated with clinically significant insomnia were younger age (21 – 30 years), female sex, unmarried status, living in the central region, chronic diseases, history of psychiatric disorder, consultation with a health care professional, current use of sleep aid medications, and use of psychological and behavioral intervention as a sleeping aid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Insomnia is common among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia, but self-medication is uncommon. Of all pharmacists, female young adults who were not married and had a previous history of psychiatric disorders were greatly affected by insomnia and self-medicated the most.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43661701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220713122430
G. Sikharulidze, L. Ratiani, Mariam Sordia, Ė. I. Sikharulidze, Tinatin Khutsishvili, Khatuna Lejava, E. Vermetten
The global pandemic which the world has been facing for the past two years has demonstrated the need to study the effects of this virus on mental health. Various studies showed that COVID-19 could be a threat to people's mental health and physical health, but the findings are still very limited. The purpose of the study was to fill an existing gap in corresponding literature by analysing Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, somatic complaints, depression and anxiety in COVID-19 patients and studying their comorbidity to determine the impact of the virus on the patients’ mental well-being. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 took part in the study one month after their discharge from the hospital, accounting for 10% of all COVID-19 patients across Georgia during the research. PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) was used. Depression, somatic symptoms and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The results have shown that COVID-19, as a traumatic event, presents an association with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. A high prevalence of depression (38,6%), anxiety (34,9%), and somatic symptoms (47%) was displayed. The overall indirect effect of PTSD on somatic symptoms was significant through depression and anxiety: 0.16, 95% CI [0.08, 0.26]. According to the report, the indirect effect of PTSD on somatic symptoms of depression was 0.12, 95% CI [0.05, 0.20]. The study presents important findings on the relations between COVID-19 and mental health. Somatic complaints, depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were prevalent in participants after a month since they had COVID-19. Correlations between somatic complaints, anxiety, depression and PTSD were also demonstrated. Even with various limitations to this study, it shows how COVID-19 could affect mental health and prepares the groundwork for further, more detailed research, which is necessary.
{"title":"Comorbidity and Association of Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, Anxiety and Somatic Complaints in COVID-19 Georgian Patients at the Beginning of Pandemic","authors":"G. Sikharulidze, L. Ratiani, Mariam Sordia, Ė. I. Sikharulidze, Tinatin Khutsishvili, Khatuna Lejava, E. Vermetten","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220713122430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220713122430","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The global pandemic which the world has been facing for the past two years has demonstrated the need to study the effects of this virus on mental health. Various studies showed that COVID-19 could be a threat to people's mental health and physical health, but the findings are still very limited. The purpose of the study was to fill an existing gap in corresponding literature by analysing Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, somatic complaints, depression and anxiety in COVID-19 patients and studying their comorbidity to determine the impact of the virus on the patients’ mental well-being.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 took part in the study one month after their discharge from the hospital, accounting for 10% of all COVID-19 patients across Georgia during the research. PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) was used. Depression, somatic symptoms and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results have shown that COVID-19, as a traumatic event, presents an association with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. A high prevalence of depression (38,6%), anxiety (34,9%), and somatic symptoms (47%) was displayed. The overall indirect effect of PTSD on somatic symptoms was significant through depression and anxiety: 0.16, 95% CI [0.08, 0.26]. According to the report, the indirect effect of PTSD on somatic symptoms of depression was 0.12, 95% CI [0.05, 0.20].\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study presents important findings on the relations between COVID-19 and mental health. Somatic complaints, depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were prevalent in participants after a month since they had COVID-19. Correlations between somatic complaints, anxiety, depression and PTSD were also demonstrated. Even with various limitations to this study, it shows how COVID-19 could affect mental health and prepares the groundwork for further, more detailed research, which is necessary.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220713141318
Shiva Soraya, Ruohollah Seddigh, Fatemeh Hadi, Behnoosh Shahsavaripour, M. Saeidi, M. Haghshenas, M. Mohammadi, Hanieh Salehifar
Opioid agonist treatment, as the most effective treatment for opioid dependency, requires patient adherence for its effectiveness over the long run. Previous studies on psychiatric and non- psychiatric patients indicated that the patient`s temperament has had effect on their treatment compliance. Some studies on different types of addiction have attributed special temperament and character traits to these patients. This study aims to investigate the impact of temperament and characteristics on opioid treatment compliance. In this study, the relationship between demographic variables, type of medication therapy, and temperament and characteristics scales of patients against opioid agonists therapy compliance was examined In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients who had initiated the course of opioid agonist maintenance therapy underwent TCI 125-item test and were followed-up for 2 months regarding compliance. The data were inputted into SPSS 24. K-S and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to explore the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables, while for examining the relationship between qualitative variables with each other, Chi-square test was utilized. The significance level in the tests was considered p<0.05. The treatment compliance in this study was 67.2%. In patients who did not have treatment compliance, scores of novelty-seeking (16.7±7versus11.7±4, p<0.001), harm avoidance (16.5±5versus 11.8±5, p<0.0001), reward dependence (12.4±3 versus 10.2±3, p=0.005) and self-transcendence (10.6±2 versus 8.7±2 p=0.002) were higher, but in those who had suitable treatment compliance, scores of persistence (3.5±1 versus 2.3±1, p=0.004) and cooperativeness (17.6±3 versus14.8±4, p=0.004) were higher. Further, some temperament traits were different among patients undergoing treatment with buprenorphine versus methadone (scores of persistence, self-directedness and self-transcendence were higher in the group receiving buprenorphine, while scores of harm avoidance and cooperativeness were higher in the group under methadone treatment). There was also a significant relationship between gender (good compliance: female 100%, male 65%, poor compliance female 0%, male 35%; p=0.04), level of education (higher), as well as type of medication (buprenorphine) and treatment compliance. The results of this study can help to identify high-risk individuals for withdrawing opioid addiction. These people can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to have their personality traits modified. Investigation of the effect of performing these interventions on treatment compliance can be a subject of future study in this area. Also while there are differences in personality characteristics among cultures, this study investigated Iranian culture more precisely.
{"title":"The Impact of Temperament and Character on Treatment Compliance of Opioid Agonists","authors":"Shiva Soraya, Ruohollah Seddigh, Fatemeh Hadi, Behnoosh Shahsavaripour, M. Saeidi, M. Haghshenas, M. Mohammadi, Hanieh Salehifar","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220713141318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220713141318","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Opioid agonist treatment, as the most effective treatment for opioid dependency, requires patient adherence for its effectiveness over the long run. Previous studies on psychiatric and non- psychiatric patients indicated that the patient`s temperament has had effect on their treatment compliance. Some studies on different types of addiction have attributed special temperament and character traits to these patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to investigate the impact of temperament and characteristics on opioid treatment compliance. In this study, the relationship between demographic variables, type of medication therapy, and temperament and characteristics scales of patients against opioid agonists therapy compliance was examined\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients who had initiated the course of opioid agonist maintenance therapy underwent TCI 125-item test and were followed-up for 2 months regarding compliance. The data were inputted into SPSS 24. K-S and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to explore the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables, while for examining the relationship between qualitative variables with each other, Chi-square test was utilized. The significance level in the tests was considered p<0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The treatment compliance in this study was 67.2%. In patients who did not have treatment compliance, scores of novelty-seeking (16.7±7versus11.7±4, p<0.001), harm avoidance (16.5±5versus 11.8±5, p<0.0001), reward dependence (12.4±3 versus 10.2±3, p=0.005) and self-transcendence (10.6±2 versus 8.7±2 p=0.002) were higher, but in those who had suitable treatment compliance, scores of persistence (3.5±1 versus 2.3±1, p=0.004) and cooperativeness (17.6±3 versus14.8±4, p=0.004) were higher. Further, some temperament traits were different among patients undergoing treatment with buprenorphine versus methadone (scores of persistence, self-directedness and self-transcendence were higher in the group receiving buprenorphine, while scores of harm avoidance and cooperativeness were higher in the group under methadone treatment). There was also a significant relationship between gender (good compliance: female 100%, male 65%, poor compliance female 0%, male 35%; p=0.04), level of education (higher), as well as type of medication (buprenorphine) and treatment compliance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of this study can help to identify high-risk individuals for withdrawing opioid addiction. These people can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to have their personality traits modified. Investigation of the effect of performing these interventions on treatment compliance can be a subject of future study in this area. Also while there are differences in personality characteristics among cultures, this study investigated Iranian culture more precisely.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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