Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220624151657
Astrid Sofía Suárez-Barros, María del Pilar Morad-Haydar, J. Castillo-Bolaños, Alfredo Rojas-Otálora, Yomaira García Acuña, Yolima Alarcón-Vásquez, Yolanda Rosa Morales Castro, Ángela García-Navarro, Orlando González-Gutiérrez, Sarelys Avendaño Escobar, Victoria González Martelo, Elcie Támara-Arrázola, Y. J. Diaz-Lobo
The objective of this research was to reveal the feelings and tensions that characterize the family relationships of university students in times of pandemic and confinement conditions due to COVID-19. The method was qualitative and the feelings, tensions in the family and educational context of 584 university students were evaluated, from a qualitative proposal and a hermeneutic approach, anchored to the question: How have the affective manifestations been, in terms of feelings? and tensions, in the family relationships of university students, academically active, in the Caribbean Region of Colombia, during the mandatory confinement process derived from the COVID 19 pandemic?. The methodological design was structured from the concepts of the Grounded Theory, applied to the data obtained through virtual techniques and instruments, such as an online survey. The organization of the information to generate the results was made from descriptive, analytical and interpretive coding, supported by matrices and theoretical maps. there are feelings and tensions in three directions: Negative Feelings (in tension) such as anxiety, stress and depression, Positive feelings, joy, adaptation and ambiguous feelings, which show ambivalence and variability, which are reflected in family relationships and three senses: They have improved, remain the same and have worsened, according to each type, dynamics and characteristics of the family, associated with gender, coping mechanisms and socioeconomic level. Families were transformed as a result of the pandemic and relationships and interactions were found that exacerbated tensions or factors of protection and care among family members, with emotional overload, with stress from work and study.
{"title":"Family Relations of University Students in Times of Pandemic by COVID 19: Feelings and Tensions..","authors":"Astrid Sofía Suárez-Barros, María del Pilar Morad-Haydar, J. Castillo-Bolaños, Alfredo Rojas-Otálora, Yomaira García Acuña, Yolima Alarcón-Vásquez, Yolanda Rosa Morales Castro, Ángela García-Navarro, Orlando González-Gutiérrez, Sarelys Avendaño Escobar, Victoria González Martelo, Elcie Támara-Arrázola, Y. J. Diaz-Lobo","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220624151657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220624151657","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to reveal the feelings and tensions that characterize the family relationships of university students in times of pandemic and confinement conditions due to COVID-19. The method was qualitative and the feelings, tensions in the family and educational context of 584 university students were evaluated, from a qualitative proposal and a hermeneutic approach, anchored to the question: How have the affective manifestations been, in terms of feelings? and tensions, in the family relationships of university students, academically active, in the Caribbean Region of Colombia, during the mandatory confinement process derived from the COVID 19 pandemic?. The methodological design was structured from the concepts of the Grounded Theory, applied to the data obtained through virtual techniques and instruments, such as an online survey. The organization of the information to generate the results was made from descriptive, analytical and interpretive coding, supported by matrices and theoretical maps. there are feelings and tensions in three directions: Negative Feelings (in tension) such as anxiety, stress and depression, Positive feelings, joy, adaptation and ambiguous feelings, which show ambivalence and variability, which are reflected in family relationships and three senses: They have improved, remain the same and have worsened, according to each type, dynamics and characteristics of the family, associated with gender, coping mechanisms and socioeconomic level. Families were transformed as a result of the pandemic and relationships and interactions were found that exacerbated tensions or factors of protection and care among family members, with emotional overload, with stress from work and study.","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220617164153
Parul Agarwal, Richa Gupta, M. Alam
Stressors have a huge impact on ones well-being. It affects individual mental and physical health, if untreated. The response to these stresses is termed as a stress response. Based on the type and severity of the stimulus, stress can affect the various actions and functioning of the body called stress. This explains how important it becomes to detect the level of stress and treat it well. The best treatment for stress is to identify the factors causing stress and eliminate it in the initial stage. Various methods have been proposed to detect the level of stress. One of the common methods is by using wearable devices to capture EEG signals and use various proposed algorithms to detect the level of stress. However, there are cases where stress cannot be captured by non-invasive technologies. Besides, these technologies cannot determine the stress-causing factors. This paper proposes a methodology to cater to such cases and identify the factors causing stress in the patient. It can also act as a front line methodology to detect if the candidate is suffering from anxiety or stress. The use of fuzzy logic in various healthcare areas has become very evident. This is because it deals with a range of values. While, Petri nets is a network where the arc runs from place to transition and not between places and transitions. It is the best model to use in dynamic and concurrent activities of the system. Thus, combination of these 2 logics can provide an extremely competent basis for the implementation of computing reasoning processes and the modeling of systems with uncertainty. Thus, came Fuzzy Petri Nets (FPN). This paper proposes the use of FPN in designing a methodology for factors responsible for causing stress and furthers the level of stress in the patient. The methodology is developed by observing the process of food transfer in plants. The authors have also discussed afferent and efferent stress paths. This methodology proposed in this paper uses Fuzzy Petri Net. The algorithm designed in this paper has been named as the Sprouting tree algorithm by the authors. Designing the fault tree is the first and very important step for the correct determination of the level of the stress. The score generated using the Hamilton scale is fed as input to the AND/OR gate system to receive the value of stressor and thus drawing a fault tree. The transformation rules are applied to convert fault tree into the FPN. Then, we derive production rules and reachability matrix. These rules helps in normalizing the value obtained via fault tree so that they lie in range of fuzzy logic. FPN calculates the certainty factor (CF), which represents the state of stress in an individual. Therefore, the values obtained from FPN will finally build a tree which is named as Sprouting tree. The methodology proposed in this paper is absolutely new to detect the stress. The future of this work is to observe the accuracy of the proposed algorithm by implementing it with real dat
{"title":"Sprouting Tree for Physiological Stress Assessment Using Fuzzy Petri Net","authors":"Parul Agarwal, Richa Gupta, M. Alam","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220617164153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220617164153","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Stressors have a huge impact on ones well-being. It affects individual mental and physical health, if untreated. The response to these stresses is termed as a stress response. Based on the type and severity of the stimulus, stress can affect the various actions and functioning of the body called stress. This explains how important it becomes to detect the level of stress and treat it well. The best treatment for stress is to identify the factors causing stress and eliminate it in the initial stage. Various methods have been proposed to detect the level of stress. One of the common methods is by using wearable devices to capture EEG signals and use various proposed algorithms to detect the level of stress. However, there are cases where stress cannot be captured by non-invasive technologies. Besides, these technologies cannot determine the stress-causing factors. This paper proposes a methodology to cater to such cases and identify the factors causing stress in the patient. It can also act as a front line methodology to detect if the candidate is suffering from anxiety or stress. The use of fuzzy logic in various healthcare areas has become very evident. This is because it deals with a range of values. While, Petri nets is a network where the arc runs from place to transition and not between places and transitions. It is the best model to use in dynamic and concurrent activities of the system. Thus, combination of these 2 logics can provide an extremely competent basis for the implementation of computing reasoning processes and the modeling of systems with uncertainty. Thus, came Fuzzy Petri Nets (FPN). This paper proposes the use of FPN in designing a methodology for factors responsible for causing stress and furthers the level of stress in the patient. The methodology is developed by observing the process of food transfer in plants. The authors have also discussed afferent and efferent stress paths.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This methodology proposed in this paper uses Fuzzy Petri Net. The algorithm designed in this paper has been named as the Sprouting tree algorithm by the authors. Designing the fault tree is the first and very important step for the correct determination of the level of the stress. The score generated using the Hamilton scale is fed as input to the AND/OR gate system to receive the value of stressor and thus drawing a fault tree. The transformation rules are applied to convert fault tree into the FPN. Then, we derive production rules and reachability matrix. These rules helps in normalizing the value obtained via fault tree so that they lie in range of fuzzy logic. FPN calculates the certainty factor (CF), which represents the state of stress in an individual. Therefore, the values obtained from FPN will finally build a tree which is named as Sprouting tree.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The methodology proposed in this paper is absolutely new to detect the stress. The future of this work is to observe the accuracy of the proposed algorithm by implementing it with real dat","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220610141635
W. Alghamdi, S. Alzahrani
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the different demographic variables and other social, and health-related factors, and the coping styles used by the general population in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study involving 5,514 participants was conducted online over two weeks. An online questionnaire was distributed among attendees of a public awareness campaign. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: (1) sociodemographic variables and questions exploring the physical and mental health of the participants, along with COVID-19 related questions, and (2) the Brief COPE questionnaire to identify the coping styles used by participants. The most frequently used adaptive styles involved religion, acceptance, and positive reframing. As for the maladaptive styles, self-distraction, venting, and self-blame were the most frequently used. Comparing the means of coping styles, participants older than 60 and female participants more frequently used religion, acceptance, positive reframing, and active coping, while participants younger than 35 and male participants reported more frequent use of instrumental support and humor. Younger participants used all maladaptive coping styles more frequently than older participants; male and female participants appeared to use different maladaptive coping styles. People with mental health conditions showed less frequent use of adaptive coping styles and more frequent use of maladaptive coping styles. The findings of this study show that multiple sociodemographic and health variables such as age, gender, and the presence of mental health conditions may influence the type of coping styles people use during a crisis. These findings could offer a better understanding of how the general public is coping with this unique situation. This may help mental health care workers and public health officials provide appropriate support at both individual and general population levels during this pandemic.
{"title":"Sociodemographic correlates of coping styles among the general population in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"W. Alghamdi, S. Alzahrani","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220610141635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220610141635","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the different demographic variables and other social, and health-related factors, and the coping styles used by the general population in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional study involving 5,514 participants was conducted online over two weeks. An online questionnaire was distributed among attendees of a public awareness campaign. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: (1) sociodemographic variables and questions exploring the physical and mental health of the participants, along with COVID-19 related questions, and (2) the Brief COPE questionnaire to identify the coping styles used by participants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The most frequently used adaptive styles involved religion, acceptance, and positive reframing. As for the maladaptive styles, self-distraction, venting, and self-blame were the most frequently used. Comparing the means of coping styles, participants older than 60 and female participants more frequently used religion, acceptance, positive reframing, and active coping, while participants younger than 35 and male participants reported more frequent use of instrumental support and humor. Younger participants used all maladaptive coping styles more frequently than older participants; male and female participants appeared to use different maladaptive coping styles. People with mental health conditions showed less frequent use of adaptive coping styles and more frequent use of maladaptive coping styles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The findings of this study show that multiple sociodemographic and health variables such as age, gender, and the presence of mental health conditions may influence the type of coping styles people use during a crisis. These findings could offer a better understanding of how the general public is coping with this unique situation. This may help mental health care workers and public health officials provide appropriate support at both individual and general population levels during this pandemic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220609091232
Franco Tisocco, Alejandra Doolan, M. L. Vicente, Mercedes Fernández Liporace, A. Solano
While more than a year has passed since the COVID-19 outbreak, it is still a growing health concern. Moreover, ample consensus exists for the presence of not only a physical but also a psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those reported as hardest hit were individuals who had been infected with COVID-19. Survivors have exhibited a higher prevalence of psychological morbidity—i.e., PTSD, depression, and anxiety— as compared with the general population and health workers. Additionally, COVID-19 patients and survivors have been psychologically impacted by a staggering number of disease-related stressors. The study was aimed at analyzing COVID-19's impact on the psychological state of Argentinian disease survivors. Two hundred and ninety-six COVID-19 survivors (67.2% female; Mage = 44.81; SDage = 12.16) from a major Buenos Aires hospital completed a questionnaire and a set of psychological measures — COVID-19 emotional impact, psychological sequelae, disease-related stressors, PTSD, and psychological distress. The most impactful psychological sequelae and disease stressors revolved around having the disease awaiting test results, fear of infecting loved ones, being apart from family and friends during the disease, fear of physical sequelae and symptoms, and returning to isolation. PTSD prevalence rates were 33.8%. Survivor's psychological distress levels were moderately higher than pre-COVID-era general population levels, yet not significantly different to pre-COVID-era clinical inpatients. Female gender, age, and hospital admission emerged as significant predictors of increased adverse psychological outcomes. Due intervention on COVID-19 survivors is urgently needed, with particular attention to the alarming PTSD prevalence rates found in the study.
{"title":"The Psychological Sequelae of COVID-19 Among Disease Survivors in Argentina","authors":"Franco Tisocco, Alejandra Doolan, M. L. Vicente, Mercedes Fernández Liporace, A. Solano","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220609091232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220609091232","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000While more than a year has passed since the COVID-19 outbreak, it is still a growing health concern. Moreover, ample consensus exists for the presence of not only a physical but also a psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those reported as hardest hit were individuals who had been infected with COVID-19. Survivors have exhibited a higher prevalence of psychological morbidity—i.e., PTSD, depression, and anxiety— as compared with the general population and health workers. Additionally, COVID-19 patients and survivors have been psychologically impacted by a staggering number of disease-related stressors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was aimed at analyzing COVID-19's impact on the psychological state of Argentinian disease survivors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two hundred and ninety-six COVID-19 survivors (67.2% female; Mage = 44.81; SDage = 12.16) from a major Buenos Aires hospital completed a questionnaire and a set of psychological measures — COVID-19 emotional impact, psychological sequelae, disease-related stressors, PTSD, and psychological distress.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The most impactful psychological sequelae and disease stressors revolved around having the disease awaiting test results, fear of infecting loved ones, being apart from family and friends during the disease, fear of physical sequelae and symptoms, and returning to isolation. PTSD prevalence rates were 33.8%. Survivor's psychological distress levels were moderately higher than pre-COVID-era general population levels, yet not significantly different to pre-COVID-era clinical inpatients. Female gender, age, and hospital admission emerged as significant predictors of increased adverse psychological outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Due intervention on COVID-19 survivors is urgently needed, with particular attention to the alarming PTSD prevalence rates found in the study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220527120848
Mervin Chávez-Castillo, Pablo Durán, B. Garrido, Andrea Díaz, Daniel Escalona, Clímaco Cano
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic condition characterized by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue, capable of decreasing life expectancy. Chronically, the exacerbated inflammatory response interferes with the proper functioning of organs and tissues external to adipose tissue, becoming the cornerstone of various major metabolic imbalances in places such as the central nervous system. In this matter, obesity’s meta-inflammation indirectly affects brain regions related to psychiatric illnesses and cognitive function. Also, it has been established that several neurobiological mechanisms related to appetite regulation and impulse control disorders could explain the onset of obesity. Thus, because of the high prevalence of mental illnesses linked to obese patients and the fact that a bidirectional relation between these two entities has been observed, many efforts have been made to establish an effective and secure pharmacological approach for obesity. In this context, several psychotropics and appetite-suppressant drugs, along with lifestyle changes, have been highlighted as promising therapeutic tools against obesity.
{"title":"Obesity as a neurobiologic disorder: a heavyweight contender","authors":"Mervin Chávez-Castillo, Pablo Durán, B. Garrido, Andrea Díaz, Daniel Escalona, Clímaco Cano","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220527120848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220527120848","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic condition characterized by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue, capable of decreasing life expectancy. Chronically, the exacerbated inflammatory response interferes with the proper functioning of organs and tissues external to adipose tissue, becoming the cornerstone of various major metabolic imbalances in places such as the central nervous system. In this matter, obesity’s meta-inflammation indirectly affects brain regions related to psychiatric illnesses and cognitive function. Also, it has been established that several neurobiological mechanisms related to appetite regulation and impulse control disorders could explain the onset of obesity. Thus, because of the high prevalence of mental illnesses linked to obese patients and the fact that a bidirectional relation between these two entities has been observed, many efforts have been made to establish an effective and secure pharmacological approach for obesity. In this context, several psychotropics and appetite-suppressant drugs, along with lifestyle changes, have been highlighted as promising therapeutic tools against obesity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220519161736
K. Lawrence, Egbule Elizabeth Osita
The study investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral and reality group therapies in fostering human immunodeficiency virus/ voluntary counseling and testing among school-going adolescents in Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. A pre- and post-test true experimental control group design was observed. While 120 school-going adolescents from three randomly selected schools were recruited and randomly assigned to two treatments (Cognitive Behavior [37] and Reality [34] Therapies) and control [38] groups, with 11 dropout accounting for 9% alteration rate. The treatment last six weeks. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The instruments used for data collection were self-administered scales with a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.87 after an interval of three weeks. Data generated was analyzed using the inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that cognitive behaviour and reality therapies were significantly effective in fostering HIV/voluntary counselling and testing among school-going adolescents. That is, the two modes of group interventions improve the willingness of adolescents of these schools towards receiving counselling and performing testing for HIV. It was concluded that cognitive behaviour and reality therapies were found to be potent on school-going adolescents’ willingness toward HIV voluntary counselling and testing for prevention and treatment.
{"title":"Effects of Two Modes of Counseling Approaches on HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Among School-Going Adolescents","authors":"K. Lawrence, Egbule Elizabeth Osita","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220519161736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220519161736","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral and reality group therapies in fostering human immunodeficiency virus/ voluntary counseling and testing among school-going adolescents in Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A pre- and post-test true experimental control group design was observed. While 120 school-going adolescents from three randomly selected schools were recruited and randomly assigned to two treatments (Cognitive Behavior [37] and Reality [34] Therapies) and control [38] groups, with 11 dropout accounting for 9% alteration rate. The treatment last six weeks. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The instruments used for data collection were self-administered scales with a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.87 after an interval of three weeks. Data generated was analyzed using the inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance tested at a 0.05 level of significance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that cognitive behaviour and reality therapies were significantly effective in fostering HIV/voluntary counselling and testing among school-going adolescents. That is, the two modes of group interventions improve the willingness of adolescents of these schools towards receiving counselling and performing testing for HIV.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was concluded that cognitive behaviour and reality therapies were found to be potent on school-going adolescents’ willingness toward HIV voluntary counselling and testing for prevention and treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220518152339
Isabel A. Yoon, R. Conn, D. Galarneau
Given the side effect of weight gain in many psychiatric medications, a patient’s body image concerns may influence medication compliance, which can be critical in the psychiatric population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether demographic factors including age, race, and BMI have specific associations with body image satisfaction and medication adherence among women with severe psychiatric disorders. Clinical factors such as diagnosis and type of current psychiatric medications were also examined. Study participants included 112 women aged 18 to 88 who were admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit in New Orleans, Louisiana. Participants completed a brief questionnaire on body image and medication adherence, specifically developed for this study. Collected data were analyzed using T-tests, analysis of variance, correlations, and multivariable regression analysis to compare differences in body image score and medication adherence score by demographic and clinical factors. Age was associated with significant differences in body image score (F(2, 109) = 5.736, p = 0.004). African American race was associated with higher average BMI (t(39.99) = 3.375, p = 0.002) and self-esteem subscore (t(106) = 2.254, p = 0.026) but not associated with differences in body image score or medication adherence. Regression analysis showed that body image score significantly predicted medication adherence ( = 0.208, p = 0.037). Assessing how a patient feels about their weight while considering the potential differences in demographic groups may facilitate optimal medication selections and communication of treatment plans with psychiatric patients, which has implications on treatment adherence, disease course, and prognosis.
{"title":"The Relationship between Body Image, Demographics, and Medication Adherence among Women with Psychiatric Conditions","authors":"Isabel A. Yoon, R. Conn, D. Galarneau","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220518152339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220518152339","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Given the side effect of weight gain in many psychiatric medications, a patient’s body image concerns may influence medication compliance, which can be critical in the psychiatric population.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study was to investigate whether demographic factors including age, race, and BMI have specific associations with body image satisfaction and medication adherence among women with severe psychiatric disorders. Clinical factors such as diagnosis and type of current psychiatric medications were also examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Study participants included 112 women aged 18 to 88 who were admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit in New Orleans, Louisiana. Participants completed a brief questionnaire on body image and medication adherence, specifically developed for this study. Collected data were analyzed using T-tests, analysis of variance, correlations, and multivariable regression analysis to compare differences in body image score and medication adherence score by demographic and clinical factors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age was associated with significant differences in body image score (F(2, 109) = 5.736, p = 0.004). African American race was associated with higher average BMI (t(39.99) = 3.375, p = 0.002) and self-esteem subscore (t(106) = 2.254, p = 0.026) but not associated with differences in body image score or medication adherence. Regression analysis showed that body image score significantly predicted medication adherence ( = 0.208, p = 0.037).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Assessing how a patient feels about their weight while considering the potential differences in demographic groups may facilitate optimal medication selections and communication of treatment plans with psychiatric patients, which has implications on treatment adherence, disease course, and prognosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49547234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220513142002
A. T. Hodge, Suporn Sukpraprut-Braaten, Robert Strayhan
The use of psychedelic compounds to treat psychiatric disorders has become a very significant topic of research over the past several years. Psilocybin has raised to prominence as one of the most studied amongst these psychedelic compounds and multiple trials have already shown that it can be a safe and efficacious form of treatment for a variety of medical conditions. This study intends to perform a meta-analysis of data reported in clinical trials studying psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety. Articles were searched, screened, and ultimately selected using predetermined inclusion criteria. Data was collected from commonly used psychometric tests that measured mood and anxiety symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated comparing scores in these tests at baseline and control to experimental groups. Sub-group analysis was performed to assess psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety during short, medium, and long-term time frames. Statistical significance was achieved in the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms compared to controls in multiple subgroups. Heterogeneity of the effect sizes was calculated using an I2 value which showed low to moderate values. Multiple tools were used to assess for publication bias and none could be found. Although research on psilocybin is continuing to show promise, the evidence is still at a preliminary phase and more trials need to be conducted with larger patient populations over longer periods of time in order for psilocybin to potentially be approved for use in a community setting.
{"title":"The efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis","authors":"A. T. Hodge, Suporn Sukpraprut-Braaten, Robert Strayhan","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220513142002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220513142002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The use of psychedelic compounds to treat psychiatric disorders has become a very significant topic of research over the past several years. Psilocybin has raised to prominence as one of the most studied amongst these psychedelic compounds and multiple trials have already shown that it can be a safe and efficacious form of treatment for a variety of medical conditions. This study intends to perform a meta-analysis of data reported in clinical trials studying psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Articles were searched, screened, and ultimately selected using predetermined inclusion criteria. Data was collected from commonly used psychometric tests that measured mood and anxiety symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated comparing scores in these tests at baseline and control to experimental groups. Sub-group analysis was performed to assess psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety during short, medium, and long-term time frames.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Statistical significance was achieved in the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms compared to controls in multiple subgroups. Heterogeneity of the effect sizes was calculated using an I2 value which showed low to moderate values. Multiple tools were used to assess for publication bias and none could be found.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Although research on psilocybin is continuing to show promise, the evidence is still at a preliminary phase and more trials need to be conducted with larger patient populations over longer periods of time in order for psilocybin to potentially be approved for use in a community setting.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220513145349
Oscar Medina-Ortiz, Alejandro Oses Gil, Jenny Alcendra González, Juan Diego Vivas, María Parra Sánchez, Luis Parra Sánchez, Manuel Riaño-Garzón, M. Bautista-Sandoval, David Fraguas Herraez
Burnout syndrome is a clinical entity that can negatively affect healthcare workers, especially frontline medical staff. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to 150 emergency physicians in 2020 during the first months of the pandemic in a Venezuelan hospital. There are two limitations, the size of sample is small and the study physicians have poor social conditions that do not allow generalizing the results. determine the prevalence of burnout in emergency physicians at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. Over three quarters of the physicians surveyed (76.7%) experienced burnout and 55.3% had health problems due to stress. The higher the number of years working in the hospital and/or the lower the job satisfaction, the higher the burnout rate (p <0.05). A large number of physicians in Venezuela experienced burnout during the first months of the pandemic, but half of them believed they did not need psychological help. Prevalence of burnout was high among physicians with more years of service and among those with lower job satisfaction.
{"title":"Burnout Syndrome in Emergency Physicians in Venezuela early in the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Oscar Medina-Ortiz, Alejandro Oses Gil, Jenny Alcendra González, Juan Diego Vivas, María Parra Sánchez, Luis Parra Sánchez, Manuel Riaño-Garzón, M. Bautista-Sandoval, David Fraguas Herraez","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220513145349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220513145349","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Burnout syndrome is a clinical entity that can negatively affect healthcare workers, especially frontline medical staff.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to 150 emergency physicians in 2020 during the first months of the pandemic in a Venezuelan hospital. There are two limitations, the size of sample is small and the study physicians have poor social conditions that do not allow generalizing the results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000determine the prevalence of burnout in emergency physicians at the start of the covid-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Over three quarters of the physicians surveyed (76.7%) experienced burnout and 55.3% had health problems due to stress. The higher the number of years working in the hospital and/or the lower the job satisfaction, the higher the burnout rate (p <0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A large number of physicians in Venezuela experienced burnout during the first months of the pandemic, but half of them believed they did not need psychological help. Prevalence of burnout was high among physicians with more years of service and among those with lower job satisfaction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220512111146
Millie Nishikawa, J. Jin, Tiffany Ho, Roja Manohar, M. Sanches, Stefanie Cavalcanti, Hanjing Wu
COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Individuals with mental illnesses are disproportionately affected by additional complex health issues. This study aims to examine the knowledge and impact of COVID-19 among patients with mental disorders at the Harris County Psychiatric Center (HCPC). A retrospective review of surveys conducted for patients with mental illness at HCPC. Participants were surveyed on demographics, COVID-19 knowledge, and COVID-19 healthcare impact. The data was analyzed with SPSS 20 for Windows at a 0.05 significance level. A total of 46 patients were included in the study. We found that the patient population with mental disorders has different methods of obtaining information regarding COVID-19 and practices varying safety measures. To be precise, more women (52.2%) than men (21.7%) learned about COVID-19 through family and friends [p=0.032]. More Hispanic (21.4%) compared to non-Hispanic (0%) patients learned about COVID-19 through resources from the World Health Organization (WHO) [p=0.032]. Fewer African American (AA) patients avoided contact with people who were sick (39% vs. 81% Caucasian [p=0.01] and 100% Asian/Native American/Pacific Islander [ANAPI] patients [p=0.04]). We found more non-Hispanic (50.0%) vs. Hispanic (7.1%) patients reported that their personal time (time outside of work) was unchanged by COVID-19 [p=0.007]. More Hispanic (57.1%) vs. non-Hispanic (17.9%) patients reported increased time with family members [p=0.009]. Compared to Hispanic patients, more non-Hispanic patients reported unchanged difficulty scheduling appointments (46.4% vs. 7.1%) [p=0.015], obtaining prescription (71.4% vs. 35.7%) [p=0.045], and finding housing placement (53.6% vs. 21.4%) [p=0.047]. Furthermore, more Caucasian compared to AA patients reported more changes in how they feel (35.7% vs. 76.2%) [p=0.033], anxiety (52.6% vs. 0%) [p=0.002], stress (47.4% vs. 7.7%) [p=0.024], and sadness (30% vs. 0%) [p=0.031]. Finally, more ANAPI (67%) compared to AA patients (0%) reported increased anxiety [p=0.025]. Our findings suggest that African American patients report less knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and less impact on their mental health by the pandemic compared to other racial groups. Our findings suggest that African American patients may have limited knowledge of COVID-19 prevention compared to other races, Caucasian and Asian/Native American/Pacific Islander patients may have increased mood changes, and Hispanic patients may be experiencing more healthcare inequality amidst the pandemic. However, further investigation of the impending ramifications of the pandemic is warranted.
新冠肺炎大流行与抑郁症、焦虑症和自杀念头的增加有关。患有精神疾病的人受到其他复杂健康问题的影响尤为严重。本研究旨在检查哈里斯县精神病中心（HCPC）精神障碍患者对新冠肺炎的认识和影响。对HCPC对精神疾病患者进行的调查进行回顾性审查。参与者接受了人口统计、新冠肺炎知识和新冠肺炎医疗影响的调查。数据采用SPSS 20 for Windows进行分析，显著性水平为0.05。共有46名患者被纳入研究。我们发现，患有精神障碍的患者群体有不同的方法来获取有关新冠肺炎的信息，并采取不同的安全措施。确切地说，女性（52.2%）比男性（21.7%）更多地通过家人和朋友了解新冠肺炎[p=0.032]。西班牙裔（21.4%）比非西班牙族（0%）患者更多地通过世界卫生组织（世界卫生组织）的资源了解新冠肺炎[p=0.032].避免与病人接触的非裔美国人（AA）患者更少（39%对81%的高加索人[p=0.01]和100%的亚裔/美洲原住民/太平洋岛民[ANAPI]患者[p=0.04]。我们发现，更多的非西班牙裔（50.0%）患者与西班牙语（7.1%）患者报告他们的个人时间（工作以外的时间）因新冠肺炎而没有变化[p=0.007]，更多的非西班牙裔患者报告说，安排预约（46.4%对7.1%）[p=0.015]、获得处方（71.4%对35.7%）[p=0.045]和寻找住房安置（53.6%对21.4%）[p=0.47]的困难没有改变。此外，与AA患者相比，更多的高加索患者报告说他们的感觉发生了更多变化（35.7%对76.2%）[p=0.033]、焦虑（52.6%对0%）[p=0.002]，压力（47.4%对7.7%）[p=0.024]和悲伤（30%对0%）[p=0.031]。最后，与AA患者（0%）相比，更多的ANAPI（67%）报告焦虑增加[p=0.025]。我们的研究结果表明，与其他种族群体相比，非裔美国人患者报告对新冠肺炎预防的了解更少，疫情对他们心理健康的影响更小。我们的研究结果表明，与其他种族相比，非裔美国人患者对新冠肺炎预防的知识可能有限，高加索和亚裔/美洲原住民/太平洋岛民患者的情绪变化可能增加，西班牙裔患者在大流行期间可能经历更多的医疗不平等。然而，有必要对即将到来的疫情后果进行进一步调查。
{"title":"The Racial and Ethnic Differences in Impact and Knowledge of COVID-19 among Patients with Psychiatric Illnesses","authors":"Millie Nishikawa, J. Jin, Tiffany Ho, Roja Manohar, M. Sanches, Stefanie Cavalcanti, Hanjing Wu","doi":"10.2174/2666082218666220512111146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220512111146","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Individuals with mental illnesses are disproportionately affected by additional complex health issues. This study aims to examine the knowledge and impact of COVID-19 among patients with mental disorders at the Harris County Psychiatric Center (HCPC).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective review of surveys conducted for patients with mental illness at HCPC. Participants were surveyed on demographics, COVID-19 knowledge, and COVID-19 healthcare impact. The data was analyzed with SPSS 20 for Windows at a 0.05 significance level.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 46 patients were included in the study. We found that the patient population with mental disorders has different methods of obtaining information regarding COVID-19 and practices varying safety measures. To be precise, more women (52.2%) than men (21.7%) learned about COVID-19 through family and friends [p=0.032]. More Hispanic (21.4%) compared to non-Hispanic (0%) patients learned about COVID-19 through resources from the World Health Organization (WHO) [p=0.032]. Fewer African American (AA) patients avoided contact with people who were sick (39% vs. 81% Caucasian [p=0.01] and 100% Asian/Native American/Pacific Islander [ANAPI] patients [p=0.04]). We found more non-Hispanic (50.0%) vs. Hispanic (7.1%) patients reported that their personal time (time outside of work) was unchanged by COVID-19 [p=0.007]. More Hispanic (57.1%) vs. non-Hispanic (17.9%) patients reported increased time with family members [p=0.009]. Compared to Hispanic patients, more non-Hispanic patients reported unchanged difficulty scheduling appointments (46.4% vs. 7.1%) [p=0.015], obtaining prescription (71.4% vs. 35.7%) [p=0.045], and finding housing placement (53.6% vs. 21.4%) [p=0.047]. Furthermore, more Caucasian compared to AA patients reported more changes in how they feel (35.7% vs. 76.2%) [p=0.033], anxiety (52.6% vs. 0%) [p=0.002], stress (47.4% vs. 7.7%) [p=0.024], and sadness (30% vs. 0%) [p=0.031]. Finally, more ANAPI (67%) compared to AA patients (0%) reported increased anxiety [p=0.025].\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings suggest that African American patients report less knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and less impact on their mental health by the pandemic compared to other racial groups. Our findings suggest that African American patients may have limited knowledge of COVID-19 prevention compared to other races, Caucasian and Asian/Native American/Pacific Islander patients may have increased mood changes, and Hispanic patients may be experiencing more healthcare inequality amidst the pandemic. However, further investigation of the impending ramifications of the pandemic is warranted.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36711,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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