Lepidolite is a valuable mineral resource of lithium, rubidium and cesium. In this paper, A systematic investigation has been conducted on the integrated process of mechanical activation, sulfation roasting, and water leaching for the extraction of valuable metals from lepidolite concentrate. After mechanical activation, the lepidolite concentrate is mixed with sulfuric acid and roasted at low temperature, and then leached with water. The optimum process conditions were determined as follows: sulfuric acid concentration 80 %, acid-to-ore ratio 1:1, roasting temperature 300 °C, roasting time 5 h, water leaching temperature 80 °C, liquid-to-solid ratio 3:1, and water leaching time 2.5 h. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rates of Li, Rb, Cs, Al and K reached 92.16 %, 89.96 %, 93.44 %, 94.52 %, and 91.22 %, respectively. During the process of sulfation roasting, the alkali metal elements in the lepidolite were transformed into water soluble sulfate. After water leaching, only stable SiO2 remains in the slag phase, which is beneficial to the subsequent treatment and utilization of the slag phase. The kinetic studies revealed that the leaching process is dominated by the unreacted shrinking core model with a mixed control mechanism. This work presents a viable approach for the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals from lepidolite concentrate.
{"title":"Comprehensive extraction of valuable metals from lepidolite by mechanical activation and low temperature sulfation roasting","authors":"Wulin Chen , Boyi Xie , Qing Chen , Bohan Wei , Ruixiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lepidolite is a valuable mineral resource of lithium, rubidium and cesium. In this paper, A systematic investigation has been conducted on the integrated process of mechanical activation, sulfation roasting, and water leaching for the extraction of valuable metals from lepidolite concentrate. After mechanical activation, the lepidolite concentrate is mixed with sulfuric acid and roasted at low temperature, and then leached with water. The optimum process conditions were determined as follows: sulfuric acid concentration 80 %, acid-to-ore ratio 1:1, roasting temperature 300 °C, roasting time 5 h, water leaching temperature 80 °C, liquid-to-solid ratio 3:1, and water leaching time 2.5 h. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rates of Li, Rb, Cs, Al and K reached 92.16 %, 89.96 %, 93.44 %, 94.52 %, and 91.22 %, respectively. During the process of sulfation roasting, the alkali metal elements in the lepidolite were transformed into water soluble sulfate. After water leaching, only stable SiO<sub>2</sub> remains in the slag phase, which is beneficial to the subsequent treatment and utilization of the slag phase. The kinetic studies revealed that the leaching process is dominated by the unreacted shrinking core model with a mixed control mechanism. This work presents a viable approach for the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals from lepidolite concentrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108487"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stirling cycle machines are used in both motor and receiver cycles. The Stirling cycle engine has good potential for use due to advantages such as external combustion and fuel flexibility. This study presents a Dish/Stirling system to capture solar energy for electricity generation by optimizing its energy performance. The system comprises a solar collector to convert solar energy into heat, a Stirling engine to convert heat into mechanical energy, and an alternator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The Schmidt model with imperfect regeneration is used, taking into account work losses due to gas spring hysteresis. In addition, thermal losses from the solar collector are taken into account in this model. Numerical modeling was performed using MATLAB software. The impact of operational and design elements on the energy performance of the system are studied. Two objective functions were studied, namely solar electric power and solar electric energy efficiency. The results reveal that the present Dish/Stirling explores an improvement in solar electric energy efficiency of 7 % in particular in the absence of consideration of fluid friction losses. Optimum solar electric energy yield is 43.78 % at f = 18 Hz, a maximum electrical power is 10.85 kW at TE=400 K. Finally, the heat loss due to regenerator imperfections is greatest for the paraboloidal concentrator, with a value of 0.520 kW, while the smallest loss is that due to gas spring hysteresis, with a value of 0.045 kW. This system can be used for lighting in non-electrified areas.
{"title":"Energy optimization of a dish/stirling solar system for electricity generation","authors":"Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi , Germaine Mabou Ninkam , Francois Lanzetta , Flavian Emmanuel Sapnken , Mebarek-Oudina Fateh , Bleck Fredi Kamto Pomou , René Tchinda","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stirling cycle machines are used in both motor and receiver cycles. The Stirling cycle engine has good potential for use due to advantages such as external combustion and fuel flexibility. This study presents a Dish/Stirling system to capture solar energy for electricity generation by optimizing its energy performance. The system comprises a solar collector to convert solar energy into heat, a Stirling engine to convert heat into mechanical energy, and an alternator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The Schmidt model with imperfect regeneration is used, taking into account work losses due to gas spring hysteresis. In addition, thermal losses from the solar collector are taken into account in this model. Numerical modeling was performed using MATLAB software. The impact of operational and design elements on the energy performance of the system are studied. Two objective functions were studied, namely solar electric power and solar electric energy efficiency. The results reveal that the present Dish/Stirling explores an improvement in solar electric energy efficiency of 7 % in particular in the absence of consideration of fluid friction losses. Optimum solar electric energy yield is 43.78 % at f = 18 Hz, a maximum electrical power is 10.85 kW at T<sub>E</sub>=400 K. Finally, the heat loss due to regenerator imperfections is greatest for the paraboloidal concentrator, with a value of 0.520 kW, while the smallest loss is that due to gas spring hysteresis, with a value of 0.045 kW. This system can be used for lighting in non-electrified areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108501"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineering cementitious composite (ECC) panels are favored for their effectiveness and ease of installation. Grid-reinforced ECC panels combine the stiffness and flexural strength of grids with ECC’s strain-hardening behavior. Despite these advantages, the flexural performance of these panels can be compromised by premature debonding, which may occur before the design loads are reached. This study explores the grooving method (GM) in the form of externally-bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) to reduce such failures. Therefore, an optimal transverse groove arrangement for installing grid-reinforced ECC panels was adopted as a novel approach. First, direct tensile and four-point bending tests were conducted to study the flexural behavior, strain capacity, and tensile strength of both unreinforced and grid-reinforced ECC panels. Then, five reinforced concrete (RC) beams were constructed and tested under four-point bending to investigate the influence of ECC panels utilized for flexural retrofitting on the maximum load, failure mode, ductility, and energy dissipation. Polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers were incorporated into the ECC panels, and two types of grids (glass and steel) were used for panel reinforcement. The results showed that the displacement and energy ductility indices of the strengthened beams were enhanced by an average of 79 % and 51 %, respectively, compared to the reference. Notably, beams retrofitted with PVA and PP ECC panels demonstrated average improvements in maximum load capacities of 27 % and 20 %, respectively. Consequently, PP ECC demonstrated performance similar to PVA ECC, suggesting that PP fibers could be a cost-effective alternative while maintaining enhanced flexural performance. The study also validated an analytical method for calculating the nominal moment capacity of the RC beams, demonstrating satisfactory performance.
{"title":"Flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with grid-reinforced ECC panels using the EBROG technique","authors":"Alireza Saljoughian, Behnaz Arefian, Zeynab Ansari, Davood Mostofinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering cementitious composite (ECC) panels are favored for their effectiveness and ease of installation. Grid-reinforced ECC panels combine the stiffness and flexural strength of grids with ECC’s strain-hardening behavior. Despite these advantages, the flexural performance of these panels can be compromised by premature debonding, which may occur before the design loads are reached. This study explores the grooving method (GM) in the form of externally-bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) to reduce such failures. Therefore, an optimal transverse groove arrangement for installing grid-reinforced ECC panels was adopted as a novel approach. First, direct tensile and four-point bending tests were conducted to study the flexural behavior, strain capacity, and tensile strength of both unreinforced and grid-reinforced ECC panels. Then, five reinforced concrete (RC) beams were constructed and tested under four-point bending to investigate the influence of ECC panels utilized for flexural retrofitting on the maximum load, failure mode, ductility, and energy dissipation. Polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers were incorporated into the ECC panels, and two types of grids (glass and steel) were used for panel reinforcement. The results showed that the displacement and energy ductility indices of the strengthened beams were enhanced by an average of 79 % and 51 %, respectively, compared to the reference. Notably, beams retrofitted with PVA and PP ECC panels demonstrated average improvements in maximum load capacities of 27 % and 20 %, respectively. Consequently, PP ECC demonstrated performance similar to PVA ECC, suggesting that PP fibers could be a cost-effective alternative while maintaining enhanced flexural performance. The study also validated an analytical method for calculating the nominal moment capacity of the RC beams, demonstrating satisfactory performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108502"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108500
Ganesh Babu R , Geetha T S , Nedumaran A , Bashyam Sugumaran , Muralikrishnan P
The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming industries such as healthcare, transportation, and smart infrastructure, but it also amplifies critical concerns regarding data security, privacy, and device authentication. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms offer partial protection, yet they remain vulnerable to emerging quantum computing threats, posing significant risks to IoT systems. Addressing these challenges, this paper introduces FLQC-IoT, a novel security framework that integrates federated learning (FL) with quantum computing (QC) to provide robust, scalable, and future-ready protection. Unlike conventional centralized approaches, FLQC-IoT enables decentralized model training directly on IoT devices, safeguarding sensitive data from exposure. Quantum technologies are incorporated at multiple layers: quantum neural networks accelerate optimization tasks, while quantum key distribution and quantum homomorphic encryption ensure tamper-proof key exchange and secure communication. Furthermore, the framework adapts dynamically to emerging threats through real-time anomaly detection and distributed intelligence, significantly enhancing resilience. Experimental results demonstrate a 15.32 % reduction in computational overhead and a 21.45 % decrease in authentication rounds compared to state-of-the-art methods, highlighting the framework’s efficiency and practical readiness. These findings underscore the significance and transformative impact of FLQC-IoT, providing a scalable, privacy-preserving, and resilient approach to securing IoT networks across critical domains, including healthcare, university campus networks, smart infrastructure, and transportation.
{"title":"Integrating quantum computing with federated learning for enhanced security and privacy in IoT networks","authors":"Ganesh Babu R , Geetha T S , Nedumaran A , Bashyam Sugumaran , Muralikrishnan P","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming industries such as healthcare, transportation, and smart infrastructure, but it also amplifies critical concerns regarding data security, privacy, and device authentication. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms offer partial protection, yet they remain vulnerable to emerging quantum computing threats, posing significant risks to IoT systems. Addressing these challenges, this paper introduces FLQC-IoT, a novel security framework that integrates federated learning (FL) with quantum computing (QC) to provide robust, scalable, and future-ready protection. Unlike conventional centralized approaches, FLQC-IoT enables decentralized model training directly on IoT devices, safeguarding sensitive data from exposure. Quantum technologies are incorporated at multiple layers: quantum neural networks accelerate optimization tasks, while quantum key distribution and quantum homomorphic encryption ensure tamper-proof key exchange and secure communication. Furthermore, the framework adapts dynamically to emerging threats through real-time anomaly detection and distributed intelligence, significantly enhancing resilience. Experimental results demonstrate a 15.32 % reduction in computational overhead and a 21.45 % decrease in authentication rounds compared to state-of-the-art methods, highlighting the framework’s efficiency and practical readiness. These findings underscore the significance and transformative impact of FLQC-IoT, providing a scalable, privacy-preserving, and resilient approach to securing IoT networks across critical domains, including healthcare, university campus networks, smart infrastructure, and transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108510
Xiaobo Zhang , Yan Huan , Yihan Zhang , Chen Wang , Cheng Cheng , Jiarong Li
During flight the static electricity is created by the friction of airframe with environments. Besides, the aircraft tyres undergo heavy loads and super speeds at takeoff, landing, taxiing and braking, and hence are exposed to severe friction with the runway. Subsequently, it creates excessive electricity during this procedure. A stray electrical discharge can fail the electronic components on the airplane and cause disasters. Therefore, the aircraft tyres are made of conductive rubber, and which expel electricity to ground in time. There has been few publication presents the electrical conduction tests of aircraft tyres, and the present research shines a light on this topic. The electrical conductivity tests of five aircraft tyres are carried out at the Aviation Tyres Science Centre. The electrical resistance are measured under vertical loads and high and low tyre temperatures. The loading and temperature effects on electrical resistance are discussed in accordance with the experimental records. More importantly, from the perspectives of tyre design and manufacturing process, the solutions aimed at enhancing the electrical conductivity performance are also proposed in this paper.
{"title":"The impacts of loads and temperatures on aircraft tyres electrical conductivity performance","authors":"Xiaobo Zhang , Yan Huan , Yihan Zhang , Chen Wang , Cheng Cheng , Jiarong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During flight the static electricity is created by the friction of airframe with environments. Besides, the aircraft tyres undergo heavy loads and super speeds at takeoff, landing, taxiing and braking, and hence are exposed to severe friction with the runway. Subsequently, it creates excessive electricity during this procedure. A stray electrical discharge can fail the electronic components on the airplane and cause disasters. Therefore, the aircraft tyres are made of conductive rubber, and which expel electricity to ground in time. There has been few publication presents the electrical conduction tests of aircraft tyres, and the present research shines a light on this topic. The electrical conductivity tests of five aircraft tyres are carried out at the Aviation Tyres Science Centre. The electrical resistance are measured under vertical loads and high and low tyre temperatures. The loading and temperature effects on electrical resistance are discussed in accordance with the experimental records. More importantly, from the perspectives of tyre design and manufacturing process, the solutions aimed at enhancing the electrical conductivity performance are also proposed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108488
Ibtissam Bouarfa , Massaab El Ydrissi , Amine Moulay Taj , Mohamed Boujoudar , El Ghali Bennouna , Abdelmajid Jamil
This study evaluates sunflower, safflower, and rapeseed oils as alternative heat transfer fluids (HTFs) for medium-temperature parabolic trough collector (PTC) applications and compares their performance with Therminol VP-1 and Delcoterm E15. A validated thermal–hydraulic model (R² = 98.5 %), supported by experimental measurements on a 1.5 kWth PTC system in Morocco, was used to assess HTF behavior under three operational methodologies: fixed thermal power, fixed Reynolds number, and fixed mass flow rate. Results show that vegetable oils achieve slightly higher thermal efficiency (64–65 %) than synthetic fluids (62–63.5 %), attributed to their superior thermal conductivity and specific heat. Although their higher viscosity increases pumping demand, the associated penalty (12–15 W per 1.3 kWth) represents only 0.9–1.2 % of the useful thermal output, indicating minimal impact on overall system performance. At larger scales, vegetable oils offer substantial economic advantages: a 10 MWth solar field requires 400–450 k€ less initial HTF investment than synthetic oils. Application mapping shows that vegetable oils are best suited for industrial processes below 200 °C—common in food processing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals—while Delcoterm E15 remains optimal for 150–250 °C and Therminol VP-1 for >300 °C applications. These results demonstrate that vegetable oils provide a cost-effective, environmentally benign pathway for expanding solar industrial heat deployment, particularly in developing economies and small-to-medium enterprises.
{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of vegetable oils as heat transfer fluids for industrial solar thermal systems applications","authors":"Ibtissam Bouarfa , Massaab El Ydrissi , Amine Moulay Taj , Mohamed Boujoudar , El Ghali Bennouna , Abdelmajid Jamil","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates sunflower, safflower, and rapeseed oils as alternative heat transfer fluids (HTFs) for medium-temperature parabolic trough collector (PTC) applications and compares their performance with Therminol VP-1 and Delcoterm E15. A validated thermal–hydraulic model (R² = 98.5 %), supported by experimental measurements on a 1.5 kWth PTC system in Morocco, was used to assess HTF behavior under three operational methodologies: fixed thermal power, fixed Reynolds number, and fixed mass flow rate. Results show that vegetable oils achieve slightly higher thermal efficiency (64–65 %) than synthetic fluids (62–63.5 %), attributed to their superior thermal conductivity and specific heat. Although their higher viscosity increases pumping demand, the associated penalty (12–15 W per 1.3 kWth) represents only 0.9–1.2 % of the useful thermal output, indicating minimal impact on overall system performance. At larger scales, vegetable oils offer substantial economic advantages: a 10 MWth solar field requires 400–450 k€ less initial HTF investment than synthetic oils. Application mapping shows that vegetable oils are best suited for industrial processes below 200 °C—common in food processing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals—while Delcoterm E15 remains optimal for 150–250 °C and Therminol VP-1 for >300 °C applications. These results demonstrate that vegetable oils provide a cost-effective, environmentally benign pathway for expanding solar industrial heat deployment, particularly in developing economies and small-to-medium enterprises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108488"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108493
Zouhao Song , Jiawen Hu , Zhi Chen , Yifei Zhou , Guojun Zhang , Fenglin Han
This study proposes a new method for preparing the dual scale microstructures on the surface of oil grooves based on wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). Firstly, a simulation model for the thermal field and wear during the engagement process of wet friction clutch is established to analyze the temperature field distribution and wear amount. The influence of the speed differences on the engagement characteristics is also explored. Secondly, the method of preparing surface dual scale microstructures based on WEDM is briefly introduced. The surface dual scale microstructure includes discharge morphology (micrometer scale, anisotropic pits and protrusions) and surface texture (submillimeter scale). The optimal process parameters for WEDM are used to achieve the large surface roughness and the high surface texture forming rate. Finally, the experimental research is conducted on the improvement of wet clutch engagement characteristics by surface dual scale microstructures. The results of the confirmatory experimental show that: during the engagement process of wet friction clutch, the relative error between the temperature measurement value and the simulation value on the friction plate is 16.1 %. The prepared surface dual scale microstructure can effectively reduce the maximum temperature on the friction plate, increase the friction torque between friction pairs by 2.03–7.02 %, and decrease the wear amount of the friction plate by 18.28–21.51 %. Therefore, the surface dual scale microstructure proposed in this study can effectively improve the engagement characteristics of the high-performance wet friction clutches, which has good the application value for practical engineering.
{"title":"Enhancing the heat transfer performance on the oil groove surface of aviation friction plates using dual scale microstructures prepared by WEDM","authors":"Zouhao Song , Jiawen Hu , Zhi Chen , Yifei Zhou , Guojun Zhang , Fenglin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a new method for preparing the dual scale microstructures on the surface of oil grooves based on wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). Firstly, a simulation model for the thermal field and wear during the engagement process of wet friction clutch is established to analyze the temperature field distribution and wear amount. The influence of the speed differences on the engagement characteristics is also explored. Secondly, the method of preparing surface dual scale microstructures based on WEDM is briefly introduced. The surface dual scale microstructure includes discharge morphology (micrometer scale, anisotropic pits and protrusions) and surface texture (submillimeter scale). The optimal process parameters for WEDM are used to achieve the large surface roughness and the high surface texture forming rate. Finally, the experimental research is conducted on the improvement of wet clutch engagement characteristics by surface dual scale microstructures. The results of the confirmatory experimental show that: during the engagement process of wet friction clutch, the relative error between the temperature measurement value and the simulation value on the friction plate is 16.1 %. The prepared surface dual scale microstructure can effectively reduce the maximum temperature on the friction plate, increase the friction torque between friction pairs by 2.03–7.02 %, and decrease the wear amount of the friction plate by 18.28–21.51 %. Therefore, the surface dual scale microstructure proposed in this study can effectively improve the engagement characteristics of the high-performance wet friction clutches, which has good the application value for practical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108493"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morocco’s increasing dependence on seawater desalination to address chronic water scarcity demands sustainable energy solutions capable of operating in coastal environments. This study investigates the feasibility of using an Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) device as a renewable power source for desalination stations, with a case study in the wave-rich region of Dakhla. An analytical model was developed to describe the hydrodynamic, hydraulic, and electromechanical behavior of the system, and was validated through simulations. The proposed configuration, based on a scaled prototype, achieved a stable electrical output of 520 mW for the modeled dimensions, corresponding to a power density of 0.660 mW/cm³ under representative wave conditions (H = 3 m, T = 8 s). Parametric analysis highlighted the influence of wave frequency, stiffness, and damping on float displacement and power conversion, revealing an optimal frequency range where energy capture is maximized. These results demonstrate the system’s adaptability to Moroccan wave climates and its potential to power modular desalination units, with future work focusing on scaling strategies to meet the demands of full-scale desalination plants.
摩洛哥越来越依赖海水淡化来解决长期缺水问题，因此需要能够在沿海环境中运行的可持续能源解决方案。本研究调查了使用阿基米德波浪摆动（AWS）设备作为海水淡化站可再生能源的可行性，并以Dakhla波浪丰富的地区为例进行了研究。建立了一个分析模型来描述系统的水动力、液压和机电行为，并通过仿真进行了验证。所提出的配置基于缩放原型，在模型尺寸下实现了520 mW的稳定电输出，对应于代表性波浪条件（H = 3 m, T = 8 s）下的功率密度为0.660 mW/cm³。参数分析强调了波浪频率、刚度和阻尼对浮子位移和功率转换的影响，揭示了能量捕获最大化的最佳频率范围。这些结果证明了该系统对摩洛哥波浪气候的适应性及其为模块化海水淡化装置提供动力的潜力，未来的工作重点是扩大战略，以满足全面海水淡化厂的需求。
{"title":"Design, modeling, and simulation of Archimedes Wave Swing technology for renewable powering of seawater desalination plants in Dakhla City, Moroccan Atlantic coast","authors":"Hicham Mastouri , Meryiem Derraz , Mohammed Remaidi , Amine Ennawaoui , Chouaib Sayaghi , Chouaib Ennawaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morocco’s increasing dependence on seawater desalination to address chronic water scarcity demands sustainable energy solutions capable of operating in coastal environments. This study investigates the feasibility of using an Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) device as a renewable power source for desalination stations, with a case study in the wave-rich region of Dakhla. An analytical model was developed to describe the hydrodynamic, hydraulic, and electromechanical behavior of the system, and was validated through simulations. The proposed configuration, based on a scaled prototype, achieved a stable electrical output of 520 mW for the modeled dimensions, corresponding to a power density of 0.660 mW/cm³ under representative wave conditions (<em>H</em> = 3 m, <em>T</em> = 8 s). Parametric analysis highlighted the influence of wave frequency, stiffness, and damping on float displacement and power conversion, revealing an optimal frequency range where energy capture is maximized. These results demonstrate the system’s adaptability to Moroccan wave climates and its potential to power modular desalination units, with future work focusing on scaling strategies to meet the demands of full-scale desalination plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108490"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108494
Amir R. Ali , Miral Y. Selim
For humanoid robots to become effective collaborators in industrial environments, the ability to perform dexterous manipulation through a human-like sense of touch is paramount. However, many existing tactile sensors are limited by high costs, complex fabrication, or an inability to measure multi-axis forces, particularly the shear forces crucial for stable grasping and slip detection. This paper presents the complete design, characterization, and integration of a novel, low-cost multi-axial tactile sensor based on a multi-material architecture combining rigid, flexible, and soft polymers. The sensor's design effectively decouples normal and shear forces into three distinct channels, providing a differential, 180-degree out-of-phase output for unambiguous directional shear sensing. Experimental characterization demonstrated high performance, including a normal force sensitivity of 0.467 V/N and shear sensitivities exceeding 1.1 V/N. This resulted in an excellent force resolution capable of detecting changes as small as 3.79 gram-force (0.037 N), with a dynamic operational bandwidth of up to 150 Hz. The sensor was successfully integrated into the fingertips of the ARAtronica humanoid robot, enabling it to perform complex industrial tasks, including the haptic-guided operation of a CNC machine and a lathe, which would be unreliable without tactile feedback. The results validate our sensor as a practical and effective solution for enabling haptic dexterity, bringing humanoid robots a crucial step closer to becoming safe and capable collaborators in the factories of the future.
{"title":"Design and integration of a multi-axial tactile sensor for dexterous manipulation by humanoid robots for industrial applications","authors":"Amir R. Ali , Miral Y. Selim","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For humanoid robots to become effective collaborators in industrial environments, the ability to perform dexterous manipulation through a human-like sense of touch is paramount. However, many existing tactile sensors are limited by high costs, complex fabrication, or an inability to measure multi-axis forces, particularly the shear forces crucial for stable grasping and slip detection. This paper presents the complete design, characterization, and integration of a novel, low-cost multi-axial tactile sensor based on a multi-material architecture combining rigid, flexible, and soft polymers. The sensor's design effectively decouples normal and shear forces into three distinct channels, providing a differential, 180-degree out-of-phase output for unambiguous directional shear sensing. Experimental characterization demonstrated high performance, including a normal force sensitivity of 0.467 V/N and shear sensitivities exceeding 1.1 V/N. This resulted in an excellent force resolution capable of detecting changes as small as 3.79 gram-force (0.037 N), with a dynamic operational bandwidth of up to 150 Hz. The sensor was successfully integrated into the fingertips of the ARAtronica humanoid robot, enabling it to perform complex industrial tasks, including the haptic-guided operation of a CNC machine and a lathe, which would be unreliable without tactile feedback. The results validate our sensor as a practical and effective solution for enabling haptic dexterity, bringing humanoid robots a crucial step closer to becoming safe and capable collaborators in the factories of the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, solar PV systems have faced challenges in identifying and understanding losses, which are often limited by descriptive performance analysis. In this study, the thermal and electrical characteristics of a 684 kWp solar PV system are investigated under tropical climatic conditions in Thailand. A statistical analysis was performed using a box plot and the Pearson correlation method. Following that, a temperature sensitivity analysis was conducted using a non-descriptive platform to evaluate the Performance Ratio (PR) and efficiency across the four seasonal categories. It was found that in 2016, the recorded summer solar irradiance was 489 W/m², 753.5 W/m², and 918 W/m² for Quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively, indicating that Thailand has a rich solar energy potential. Due to tropical climatic conditions, solar irradiance has a significant impact on increasing the ambient temperature, which in turn raises the operating temperature of the PV module. During the winter periods, solar irradiance showed a strong positive correlation with current and power generation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. However, the monsoon period had a slight variation, with a range of 0.948. Similarly, the monsoon period experienced higher inverter power conversion loss due to frequent clouds. The highest and lowest power generation periods occurred during the presummer and monsoon seasons, with ranges of 3415.14 kWh and 1574.98 kWh, respectively. The Temperature Correction Factor (TCF) indicates that the impact of thermal effects on the solar farm was high. A TCF baseline of 40 °C shows a greater efficiency enhancement; however, it indicates an adverse effect on the Performance Ratio (PR). The highest efficiency of 17.43 % was achieved during the summer period, due to the lower temperature differences between the modified baseline operating temperature and the PV module. The corresponding PR was 0.71, comparatively 0.10 lower than TCF at 10 °C. Furthermore, it is recommended to cool the PV module operating temperature by approximately 10 °C to enhance the efficiency of the solar farm.
{"title":"Seasonal variation of thermal and electrical characteristics of 684 kW DC solar photovoltaic system in thailand: Statistical and performance evaluation","authors":"Karthikeyan Velmurugan , Chattariya Sirisamphanwong , Rattaporn Ngoenmeesri , Kongrit Mansiri , Buntoon Wiengmoon , Sirinuch Chindaruksa , Sukruedee Sukchai , Phairot Phanukan , Maruphong Konyu , Chatchai Sirisamphanwong","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, solar PV systems have faced challenges in identifying and understanding losses, which are often limited by descriptive performance analysis. In this study, the thermal and electrical characteristics of a 684 kWp solar PV system are investigated under tropical climatic conditions in Thailand. A statistical analysis was performed using a box plot and the Pearson correlation method. Following that, a temperature sensitivity analysis was conducted using a non-descriptive platform to evaluate the Performance Ratio (PR) and efficiency across the four seasonal categories. It was found that in 2016, the recorded summer solar irradiance was 489 W/m², 753.5 W/m², and 918 W/m² for Quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively, indicating that Thailand has a rich solar energy potential. Due to tropical climatic conditions, solar irradiance has a significant impact on increasing the ambient temperature, which in turn raises the operating temperature of the PV module. During the winter periods, solar irradiance showed a strong positive correlation with current and power generation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. However, the monsoon period had a slight variation, with a range of 0.948. Similarly, the monsoon period experienced higher inverter power conversion loss due to frequent clouds. The highest and lowest power generation periods occurred during the presummer and monsoon seasons, with ranges of 3415.14 kWh and 1574.98 kWh, respectively. The Temperature Correction Factor (TCF) indicates that the impact of thermal effects on the solar farm was high. A TCF baseline of 40 °C shows a greater efficiency enhancement; however, it indicates an adverse effect on the Performance Ratio (PR). The highest efficiency of 17.43 % was achieved during the summer period, due to the lower temperature differences between the modified baseline operating temperature and the PV module. The corresponding PR was 0.71, comparatively 0.10 lower than TCF at 10 °C. Furthermore, it is recommended to cool the PV module operating temperature by approximately 10 °C to enhance the efficiency of the solar farm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108491"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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