The primary unit in the hierarchy of Philippine local government is the barrio. The term, barrio, is employed to describe any and all sub-units of the municipalities which lie outside the poblacion (municipal center) as well as sub-divisions of some of the smaller chartered cities. This double use of the term leads to confusion, for the rural barrio differs considerably from a barrio located within an urban or semi-urban area. The latter closely resembles a ward or precinct in a small American city, while the former is more akin to the prototype of an Asian village. In this paper, barrio will be used only in reference to the rural units and where mentioned is made of barrios which are city units, the distinction will be made.
{"title":"The Philippine Barrio","authors":"J. Romani","doi":"10.2307/2941768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941768","url":null,"abstract":"The primary unit in the hierarchy of Philippine local government is the barrio. The term, barrio, is employed to describe any and all sub-units of the municipalities which lie outside the poblacion (municipal center) as well as sub-divisions of some of the smaller chartered cities. This double use of the term leads to confusion, for the rural barrio differs considerably from a barrio located within an urban or semi-urban area. The latter closely resembles a ward or precinct in a small American city, while the former is more akin to the prototype of an Asian village. In this paper, barrio will be used only in reference to the rural units and where mentioned is made of barrios which are city units, the distinction will be made.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132686171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A History of the Japanese Socialist Movement.","authors":"G. Totten, Sakisaka Itsuro","doi":"10.2307/2941783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128576971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1956-02-01DOI: 10.1017/s0021911800159017
AA American Anthropologist AER American Economic Review AHR American Historical Review AJS American Journal of Sociology AnnAA Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science APSR American Political Science Review AS Asiatische Studien {Etudes asiatiques) (Bern) ASR American Sociological Review BEFEO Bulletin de I'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient (Paris, Hanoi, Saigon) BMFEA Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (Stockholm) BMFJ Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise (ToKyo) BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (London) CHHP Tsing Hua Journal (Peking) CYYY Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology (Academia Sinica) FEQ Far Eastern Quarterly FES Far Eastern Survey GJ Geographical Journal (London) GR Geographical Review HJAS Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies IER Indian Economic Review (Delhi) IQ India Quarterly (New Delhi) JA Journal asiatique (Paris) JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JASBL Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal: Letters (Calcutta) JBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society JCRAS Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Colombo) JNCBRAS Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Shanghai) JOS Journal of Oriental Studies (Hong Kong) JQ Japan Quarterly (Tokyo) JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (London) JRCAS Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society (London) MDGNVO Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Naturund Vdlkerkunde Ostasiens MEJ Middle East Journal MK Minzokugaku kenkyu (Tokyo) MN Monumenta Nipponica (Tokyo) MR Modern Review (Calcutta) MS Monumenta Serica (Peking, Tokyo) MSOS Mitteilungen des Seminars ftir orientalische Sprachen (Berlin) MTB Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (Tokyo) OE Oriens Extremus (Wiesbaden) OP Occasional Papers, Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan OZ Ostasiatische Zeitschrift (Berlin) PA Pacific Affairs PHR Pacific Historical Review PQ Pakistan Quarterly (Karachi) PR Pakistan Review (Lahore) PSQ Political Science Quarterly RAA Revue des arts asiatiques (Paris) SHNP Shih-hsueh nien-pao (Peking) SWJA Southwestern Journal of Anthropology SZ Shigaku zasshi (Tokyo) TASJ Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan (Tokyo) TKBRAS Transactions of the Korean Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Seoul) TP T'oung pao (Leyden) WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes YCHP Yenching Journal of Chinese Studies (Peking) ZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenl&ndischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig)
美国人类学家美国经济评论美国历史评论美国社会学杂志美国政治与社会科学院年鉴美国政治学评论美国社会学评论亚洲研究(伯尔尼)美国社会学评论BEFEO法国极端东方学院公报(巴黎、河内)远东古物博物馆BMFEA公报(斯德哥尔摩)BMFJ法日联合公报(东京)BSOAS东方与非洲研究学院公报(伦敦)CHHP清华学报(北京)CYYY历史与语言研究所公报(中央研究院)FEQ远东季刊FES远东调查GJ地理杂志(伦敦)GR地理评论HJAS哈佛亚洲研究杂志IER印度经济评论(德里)IQ印度季刊(新德里)JA Journal asiatique(巴黎)JAOS美国东方学会期刊JASBL亚洲孟加拉学会期刊:Letters(加尔各答)JBRAS皇家亚洲学会孟买分会JCRAS皇家亚洲学会锡兰分会JCRAS期刊(科伦波)jcbras皇家亚洲学会华北分会期刊(上海)JOS东方研究期刊(香港)JQ日本季刊(东京)JRAS英国和爱尔兰皇家亚洲学会期刊(伦敦)JRCAS皇家中亚学会期刊(伦敦)MDGNVO Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft furm . Minzokugaku kenkyu(东京)m . Monumenta Nipponica(东京)m . Modern Review(加尔各答)m . Monumenta Serica(北京,东京)m . Mitteilungen des Seminars ftir orientalische Sprachen(柏林)m . MTB东京文库研究部回忆录(东京)e . Oriens Extremus(威斯巴登)OP偶刊,日本研究中心密歇根大学OZ Ostasiatische Zeitschrift(柏林)PA太平洋事务PHR太平洋历史评论PQ巴基斯坦季刊(卡拉奇)PR巴基斯坦评论(拉合尔)PSQ政治学季刊RAA亚洲艺术评论(巴黎)SHNP史学雪年报(北京)SWJA西南人类学杂志SZ Shigaku杂志(东京)TASJ日本亚洲学会汇刊(东京)TKBRAS皇家亚洲学会韩国分会汇刊(首尔)TP T'oung pao(莱顿)德国摩根与德意志德意志研究协会(莱比锡)
{"title":"Abbreviations for Titles of Periodicals","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0021911800159017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021911800159017","url":null,"abstract":"AA American Anthropologist AER American Economic Review AHR American Historical Review AJS American Journal of Sociology AnnAA Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science APSR American Political Science Review AS Asiatische Studien {Etudes asiatiques) (Bern) ASR American Sociological Review BEFEO Bulletin de I'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient (Paris, Hanoi, Saigon) BMFEA Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (Stockholm) BMFJ Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise (ToKyo) BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (London) CHHP Tsing Hua Journal (Peking) CYYY Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology (Academia Sinica) FEQ Far Eastern Quarterly FES Far Eastern Survey GJ Geographical Journal (London) GR Geographical Review HJAS Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies IER Indian Economic Review (Delhi) IQ India Quarterly (New Delhi) JA Journal asiatique (Paris) JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JASBL Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal: Letters (Calcutta) JBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society JCRAS Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Colombo) JNCBRAS Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Shanghai) JOS Journal of Oriental Studies (Hong Kong) JQ Japan Quarterly (Tokyo) JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (London) JRCAS Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society (London) MDGNVO Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Naturund Vdlkerkunde Ostasiens MEJ Middle East Journal MK Minzokugaku kenkyu (Tokyo) MN Monumenta Nipponica (Tokyo) MR Modern Review (Calcutta) MS Monumenta Serica (Peking, Tokyo) MSOS Mitteilungen des Seminars ftir orientalische Sprachen (Berlin) MTB Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (Tokyo) OE Oriens Extremus (Wiesbaden) OP Occasional Papers, Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan OZ Ostasiatische Zeitschrift (Berlin) PA Pacific Affairs PHR Pacific Historical Review PQ Pakistan Quarterly (Karachi) PR Pakistan Review (Lahore) PSQ Political Science Quarterly RAA Revue des arts asiatiques (Paris) SHNP Shih-hsueh nien-pao (Peking) SWJA Southwestern Journal of Anthropology SZ Shigaku zasshi (Tokyo) TASJ Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan (Tokyo) TKBRAS Transactions of the Korean Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Seoul) TP T'oung pao (Leyden) WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes YCHP Yenching Journal of Chinese Studies (Peking) ZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenl&ndischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig)","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114276073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Japanese Studies of Modern China: A Bibliographical Guide to Historical and Social-Science Research on the 19th and 20th Centuries . By John King Fairbank and Masataka Banno. Published for the Harvard-Yenching Institute. Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle, 1955. xviii, 331. $6.00.","authors":"W. Franke","doi":"10.2307/2941776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114323552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Veritable Record of the T'ang Emperor Shuntsung (February 28, 805-August 31, 805) Trans. BERNARD S. SOLOMON. Harvard-Yenching Institute Studies, XIII. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955. xxxi, 82. Appendix, Bibliography, Index. $3.00. Bernard S. Solomon has ably translated and annotated the "veritable record" of T'ang Emperor Shun-tsung, whose brief reign extended from February to August, 805. He states that the record is " . . . notable not only as the earliest surviving work of its genre, but also as the only T'ang dynasty example extant." This statement might be qualified, for in the Tzu-chih t'ung-chien k'ao-i, Ssu-ma Kuang quotes verbatim considerable portions of the "veritable record" of earlier T'ang emperors such as Hsiian-tsung (713-755) and Su-tsung (756-763). The term "veritable record" is misleading in this case, for Han Yii, the compiler of this chronicle of events in 805, was partial in his sympathies to one of the rival court cliques then struggling for bureaucratic supremacy. Since Han was an avowed critic of the faction led by Wang Shu-wen' and Wang P'ei, one should therefore treat his statements concerning them with considerable reserve. Dr. Solomon, however, transmits Han's prejudices concerning these two men, writing in his introduction (p. xi) that Wang P'ei was one "whose provincial dialect and ugliness made him appear something of a fool. . . . The other was Wang Shu-wen, a 'chess' expert and political dilettante who took himself rather seriously." The significant information divulged about Wang P'ei by Han Yu is not that he was "something of a fool," but rather that he "had a southern accent" (p. 55). Wang P'ei's confederate, Wang Shu-wen, was from Yueh Prefecture (Chiu T'ang shu [Po-na] 135.13a), located in modern Kuang-tung Province. Thus, the Wangs were both southerners, and the court conflict may have been between the "nouveau" literati in the growing population area of the south and the older-established northern literati of the capital region. This conflict might have merited some consideration in the Introduction.
《唐顺宗实录》(805年2月28日—805年8月31日)伯纳德·s·所罗门。哈佛-燕京学堂,13。剑桥,质量。:哈佛大学出版社,1955。章,82年版。附录、参考书目、索引。3.00美元。伯纳德·s·所罗门(Bernard S. Solomon)巧妙地翻译和注释了唐顺宗的“真实记录”,唐顺宗的短暂统治时间从805年2月到8月。他说,记录是“……值得注意的是,它不仅是现存最早的同类作品,也是唯一现存的唐代作品。”这句话可能是有限制的,因为在《子志前传》中,司马光逐字引用了相当一部分早期唐朝皇帝的“真实记录”,如显宗(713-755)和肃宗(756-763)。在这种情况下,“真实记录”一词具有误导性,因为这部公元805年编年史的编纂者韩乙对当时争夺官僚霸权的敌对宫廷派系之一表示了部分同情。汉既然是公开批评王叔文、王培培的人,那么他对王叔文、王培培的言论就应该有所保留。然而,所罗门博士传达了韩对这两个人的偏见,在他的介绍中(第xi页)写道,王裴是一个“乡下人的方言和丑陋使他看起来有点像傻瓜. . . .”另一位是王书文,他是一个‘象棋’专家和政治爱好者,对自己相当重视。”韩瑜透露的王培培的重要信息不是他“有点傻”,而是他“有南方口音”(第55页)。王培培的同党王树文是今广东境内的越府人(Chiu tang shu [Po-na] 135.13a)。因此,王氏家族都是南方人,朝廷冲突可能发生在南方人口增长地区的“新贵”文人与首都地区老牌的北方文人之间。这种冲突可能值得在引言中加以考虑。
{"title":"The Veritable Record of the T'ang Emperor Shun-tsung (February 28, 805–August 31, 805) Trans. Bernard S. Solomon. Harvard-Yenching Institute Studies, XIII. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955. xxxi, 82. Appendix, Bibliography, Index. $3.00.","authors":"H. Levy, Bernard S. Solomon","doi":"10.2307/2941778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941778","url":null,"abstract":"The Veritable Record of the T'ang Emperor Shuntsung (February 28, 805-August 31, 805) Trans. BERNARD S. SOLOMON. Harvard-Yenching Institute Studies, XIII. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955. xxxi, 82. Appendix, Bibliography, Index. $3.00. Bernard S. Solomon has ably translated and annotated the \"veritable record\" of T'ang Emperor Shun-tsung, whose brief reign extended from February to August, 805. He states that the record is \" . . . notable not only as the earliest surviving work of its genre, but also as the only T'ang dynasty example extant.\" This statement might be qualified, for in the Tzu-chih t'ung-chien k'ao-i, Ssu-ma Kuang quotes verbatim considerable portions of the \"veritable record\" of earlier T'ang emperors such as Hsiian-tsung (713-755) and Su-tsung (756-763). The term \"veritable record\" is misleading in this case, for Han Yii, the compiler of this chronicle of events in 805, was partial in his sympathies to one of the rival court cliques then struggling for bureaucratic supremacy. Since Han was an avowed critic of the faction led by Wang Shu-wen' and Wang P'ei, one should therefore treat his statements concerning them with considerable reserve. Dr. Solomon, however, transmits Han's prejudices concerning these two men, writing in his introduction (p. xi) that Wang P'ei was one \"whose provincial dialect and ugliness made him appear something of a fool. . . . The other was Wang Shu-wen, a 'chess' expert and political dilettante who took himself rather seriously.\" The significant information divulged about Wang P'ei by Han Yu is not that he was \"something of a fool,\" but rather that he \"had a southern accent\" (p. 55). Wang P'ei's confederate, Wang Shu-wen, was from Yueh Prefecture (Chiu T'ang shu [Po-na] 135.13a), located in modern Kuang-tung Province. Thus, the Wangs were both southerners, and the court conflict may have been between the \"nouveau\" literati in the growing population area of the south and the older-established northern literati of the capital region. This conflict might have merited some consideration in the Introduction.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"277 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120930876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The progress of India during the last fifty years in industrialization and urbanization, though considerable, has not significantly affected the predominantly agricultural and rural character of her society. Five out of every six persons live in villages and four out of every five of these live by agriculture. According to the census of 1951 there are 558,089 villages and 3,018 cities and towns in the Indian Union. Out of a total population of 357 millions, 295 millions or 83 percent live in villages and 62 millions or 17 percent in cities and towns.
{"title":"Village Government in India","authors":"N. Srinivasan","doi":"10.2307/2941766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941766","url":null,"abstract":"The progress of India during the last fifty years in industrialization and urbanization, though considerable, has not significantly affected the predominantly agricultural and rural character of her society. Five out of every six persons live in villages and four out of every five of these live by agriculture. According to the census of 1951 there are 558,089 villages and 3,018 cities and towns in the Indian Union. Out of a total population of 357 millions, 295 millions or 83 percent live in villages and 62 millions or 17 percent in cities and towns.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132208042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. H. M. join, Royama Masamichi, Ukai Nobunari, Tsuji Kiyoaki, Kawahara Jikichiro, Nakamura Kikuo
fallaciousness has been proved by the fact that the occupation-sponsored land reform has done away with the old landlord-tenant relationships without making the peasants into a democratic bourgeoisie. Furthermore, Ito points out that in the postwar period it is the Labor-Farmer Faction whose position has been systematized, particularly by Ouchi Tsutomu, professor at Tokyo University, who has formulated the theoretical position on which the Left Socialists have modeled their agrarian program. The communist position, on the other hand, Ito explains with very specific examples, has been breaking up from within during the postwar period, particularly over the question of whether land reform has brought about a fundamental change or whether feudalistic relationships still survive in a new form. The Left Socialist position on this question is amplified in Takeuchi Takeshi's chapter on the agrarian movement. That the Labor-Farmer Faction's stand itself is not completely unified, however, may be seen by comparing chapters where different authors recount the same events. Especially clear examples may be found in Takasawa Torao's chapter, the only one not mentioned so far, on combatting conciliationism. Perhaps because of his emphasis on the struggle against the right wing instead of against the left, Takasawa evaluates the campaign for the abortive February 1, 1947 general strike as a great one and gives the Socialists credit for leading it (p. 225), whereas Yokoyama does not attempt to make an evaluation of it one way or the other (pp. 74-75) and Nonaka claims (with greater truth) that it was led by the Communists and then blames them for what he considers a tactical blunder, harmful to the interests of labor in Japan (pp. 116-119). This and other instances of contradictory opinion and interpretation, however, only make this book more representative, for the Japanese Socialists are not only deeply split into the so-called right and left even within the reunited party but are also fragmented into smaller fractions within each wing and faction. Being the viewpoint of one faction, even though not entirely unified, this book is without doubt a calculated attempt to support and influence the whole socialist movement and for this purpose it has slanted history so as to place the limelight on those who became the leaders of the Left Socialists. Even if they were unimportant members of some organization in the past, their names are singled out for mention while more important persons and antagonists are omitted. Thus, while in no sense a scholarly, accurate, or thorough history of the socialist movement in Japan, this book can serve as a reference for the basic outlook of the Left Socialists on their own past and present and therefore can give more than just a hint as to their future course even in a reunited Socialist Party.
{"title":"Sōsenkyo no jittai [Facts on the general election] . Ed. by Rōyama Masamichi, Ukai Nobunari, Tsuji Kiyoaki, Kawahara Jikichirō, and Nakamura Kikuo. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1955. 9 + 207. 300 yen.","authors":"D. H. M. join, Royama Masamichi, Ukai Nobunari, Tsuji Kiyoaki, Kawahara Jikichiro, Nakamura Kikuo","doi":"10.2307/2941784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941784","url":null,"abstract":"fallaciousness has been proved by the fact that the occupation-sponsored land reform has done away with the old landlord-tenant relationships without making the peasants into a democratic bourgeoisie. Furthermore, Ito points out that in the postwar period it is the Labor-Farmer Faction whose position has been systematized, particularly by Ouchi Tsutomu, professor at Tokyo University, who has formulated the theoretical position on which the Left Socialists have modeled their agrarian program. The communist position, on the other hand, Ito explains with very specific examples, has been breaking up from within during the postwar period, particularly over the question of whether land reform has brought about a fundamental change or whether feudalistic relationships still survive in a new form. The Left Socialist position on this question is amplified in Takeuchi Takeshi's chapter on the agrarian movement. That the Labor-Farmer Faction's stand itself is not completely unified, however, may be seen by comparing chapters where different authors recount the same events. Especially clear examples may be found in Takasawa Torao's chapter, the only one not mentioned so far, on combatting conciliationism. Perhaps because of his emphasis on the struggle against the right wing instead of against the left, Takasawa evaluates the campaign for the abortive February 1, 1947 general strike as a great one and gives the Socialists credit for leading it (p. 225), whereas Yokoyama does not attempt to make an evaluation of it one way or the other (pp. 74-75) and Nonaka claims (with greater truth) that it was led by the Communists and then blames them for what he considers a tactical blunder, harmful to the interests of labor in Japan (pp. 116-119). This and other instances of contradictory opinion and interpretation, however, only make this book more representative, for the Japanese Socialists are not only deeply split into the so-called right and left even within the reunited party but are also fragmented into smaller fractions within each wing and faction. Being the viewpoint of one faction, even though not entirely unified, this book is without doubt a calculated attempt to support and influence the whole socialist movement and for this purpose it has slanted history so as to place the limelight on those who became the leaders of the Left Socialists. Even if they were unimportant members of some organization in the past, their names are singled out for mention while more important persons and antagonists are omitted. Thus, while in no sense a scholarly, accurate, or thorough history of the socialist movement in Japan, this book can serve as a reference for the basic outlook of the Left Socialists on their own past and present and therefore can give more than just a hint as to their future course even in a reunited Socialist Party.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ing about to limit himself to bare bones. A scholar, especially one who chooses a subject both dramatic and little known, ought occasionally to use the broad brush and to stick his neck out; and the author, who has spent a number of years and a very considerable ability in studying his subject, ia uniquely prepared to do this. Indeed, if those of Professor Lensen's caliber boggle at color, then students must content themselves with inferior black and whites of less able men. An exposition of the weak military and geographical position from which the Russians bargained would have added savor, while at the same time intricacies of the internal struggle for power in Japan might have been sketched in. The author points out that the Japanese negotiators were more afraid of their own government than of the Russians and that the government was afraid of its own people—but surely not all the people. The government was mortally afraid that the Mito clique would accuse it of selling Japan's birth-right but at the same time the Bakufu neglected to bring over on its side those merchants and daimyo eager for a Russian settlement.
{"title":"The Criminal Code of Japan . By Thomas L. Blakemore. Tokyo: Tuttle, 2nd ed., 1954. ix, 192.","authors":"D. Henderson","doi":"10.2307/2941786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941786","url":null,"abstract":"ing about to limit himself to bare bones. A scholar, especially one who chooses a subject both dramatic and little known, ought occasionally to use the broad brush and to stick his neck out; and the author, who has spent a number of years and a very considerable ability in studying his subject, ia uniquely prepared to do this. Indeed, if those of Professor Lensen's caliber boggle at color, then students must content themselves with inferior black and whites of less able men. An exposition of the weak military and geographical position from which the Russians bargained would have added savor, while at the same time intricacies of the internal struggle for power in Japan might have been sketched in. The author points out that the Japanese negotiators were more afraid of their own government than of the Russians and that the government was afraid of its own people—but surely not all the people. The government was mortally afraid that the Mito clique would accuse it of selling Japan's birth-right but at the same time the Bakufu neglected to bring over on its side those merchants and daimyo eager for a Russian settlement.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126917081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hurvitz, Taya Yoritoshi, O. Enichi, Funahashi Issai
{"title":"Dictionary of Buddhology.","authors":"L. Hurvitz, Taya Yoritoshi, O. Enichi, Funahashi Issai","doi":"10.2307/2941773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125576014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}