{"title":"The Life of the Buddha","authors":"Benjamin Rowland join, Anil de Silva-Vigier","doi":"10.2307/2941952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125217037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
complex scale, comparable conflicts between the desire of officials in underdeveloped countries for help and their shame at fully revealing the scope of the needs of their countrymen; fear, misunderstanding, indifference, and opposition among the beneficiaries; problems of communication in cooperative ventures; conflicts of authority and jurisdiction; problems of decision-making and of the execution of decisions; and, above all, the delicate interactions between the particular part of the economy or culture directly and immediately affected by technical aid, and other components. While each of these case histories presents failures, each also offers successes. The programs of the land reform in Taiwan, of the hookworm campaign in Ceylon, and of the introduction of democratic employment practices in Japan represent large measures of success. The reasons for both failures and successes are illuminating. The editors and contributors are to be commended for their initiative and competence in carrying through this project.
{"title":"Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan . By Ferdinand Kuhn. Illus. J. Graham Kaye. New York: Random House, 1955. v, 183. Index. $1.50.","authors":"G. Lensen","doi":"10.2307/2941958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941958","url":null,"abstract":"complex scale, comparable conflicts between the desire of officials in underdeveloped countries for help and their shame at fully revealing the scope of the needs of their countrymen; fear, misunderstanding, indifference, and opposition among the beneficiaries; problems of communication in cooperative ventures; conflicts of authority and jurisdiction; problems of decision-making and of the execution of decisions; and, above all, the delicate interactions between the particular part of the economy or culture directly and immediately affected by technical aid, and other components. While each of these case histories presents failures, each also offers successes. The programs of the land reform in Taiwan, of the hookworm campaign in Ceylon, and of the introduction of democratic employment practices in Japan represent large measures of success. The reasons for both failures and successes are illuminating. The editors and contributors are to be commended for their initiative and competence in carrying through this project.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131186155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indiana University Conference on Oriental-Western Literary Relations. Ed. HORST FRENZ and G. L. ANDERSON. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955. xii, 241. $4.50. The increase of interest in the study of literatures outside the European tradition, one of the happier developments in the academic world of recent years, led to the conference held in 1954 at Indiana University on "Oriental-Western Literary Relations." The present volume, based on papers delivered at this conference, is a praiseworthy publication and deserves the support of persons professionally interested in any oriental literatures. "Oriental" is admittedly a vague term. As used here, it includes literature written all the way from southern Spain to Japan, leaving as "Western" only the westernmost fringes of the Eurasian continent and the (until recently) uncivilized wilderness of America. It is obvious from the geographical extent of the "Orient" that its neglect in the teaching given at most universities is indefensible; it is also clear that the common "Oriental" heritage of a poet in Seville or Fez with one in Kyoto or Peking cannot have been very close. And yet there is a meaning in giving in one volume so broad a survey of non-European literatures. One of the common problems of "Oriental" writers in recent years, as we can gather from this book, has been the adoption of the colloquial language in place of a formal written language. This problem has varied from country to country, but that it has been faced alike by writers in Egypt, Bengal, China, and Japan deserves our attention, and in itself suggests a reason why the literature of the "Orient" at points seems skimpy when compared with European literature. It surely comes as a shock when (p. 225) a scholar of Chinese literature informs us that only one "Chinese novel of importance" remains to be translated, the other six already existing in English versions. Are there then only seven novels of importance in Chinese literature? And, we may ask, are there even that many (until recently at least) in Japanese literature? And none at all before the twentieth century in Arabic literature? One is tempted to form the conclusion that the writing of novels requires a mastery of colloquial prose, such as was widely achieved in seventeenth-century Europe, but which in China and Japan was achieved only sporadically by individual masters.
{"title":"Indiana University Conference on Oriental-Western Literary Relations . Ed. Horst Frenz and G. L. Anderson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955. xii, 241. $4.50.","authors":"D. Keene","doi":"10.2307/2941926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941926","url":null,"abstract":"Indiana University Conference on Oriental-Western Literary Relations. Ed. HORST FRENZ and G. L. ANDERSON. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955. xii, 241. $4.50. The increase of interest in the study of literatures outside the European tradition, one of the happier developments in the academic world of recent years, led to the conference held in 1954 at Indiana University on \"Oriental-Western Literary Relations.\" The present volume, based on papers delivered at this conference, is a praiseworthy publication and deserves the support of persons professionally interested in any oriental literatures. \"Oriental\" is admittedly a vague term. As used here, it includes literature written all the way from southern Spain to Japan, leaving as \"Western\" only the westernmost fringes of the Eurasian continent and the (until recently) uncivilized wilderness of America. It is obvious from the geographical extent of the \"Orient\" that its neglect in the teaching given at most universities is indefensible; it is also clear that the common \"Oriental\" heritage of a poet in Seville or Fez with one in Kyoto or Peking cannot have been very close. And yet there is a meaning in giving in one volume so broad a survey of non-European literatures. One of the common problems of \"Oriental\" writers in recent years, as we can gather from this book, has been the adoption of the colloquial language in place of a formal written language. This problem has varied from country to country, but that it has been faced alike by writers in Egypt, Bengal, China, and Japan deserves our attention, and in itself suggests a reason why the literature of the \"Orient\" at points seems skimpy when compared with European literature. It surely comes as a shock when (p. 225) a scholar of Chinese literature informs us that only one \"Chinese novel of importance\" remains to be translated, the other six already existing in English versions. Are there then only seven novels of importance in Chinese literature? And, we may ask, are there even that many (until recently at least) in Japanese literature? And none at all before the twentieth century in Arabic literature? One is tempted to form the conclusion that the writing of novels requires a mastery of colloquial prose, such as was widely achieved in seventeenth-century Europe, but which in China and Japan was achieved only sporadically by individual masters.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
are of little value to English-speaking users. For example, many types of airplanes are identified (though not all), but "runway" is not included. "Take-off" is included with an equivalent, but "to taxi" and "landing-gear" are only explained. In the field of linguistics one is surprised to find an entry for "phoneme" which is found only rarely in the latest editions of English dictionaries. However, the term is here incorrectly equated with "phone." "Linguist" and "philologist" have been equated and both are correctly distinguished from "polyglot," though this may be somewhat confusing to Vietnamese users since "linguist" is used to mean "polyglot" in most non-technical writings. But then so are we somewhat confused on this usage. All things considered this dictionary is a very ambitious undertaking which should prove very useful. It will surely not satisfy all the needs of all its users.
{"title":"The impact of the West on government in Thailand","authors":"David A. Wilson, W. Vella","doi":"10.2307/2941946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941946","url":null,"abstract":"are of little value to English-speaking users. For example, many types of airplanes are identified (though not all), but \"runway\" is not included. \"Take-off\" is included with an equivalent, but \"to taxi\" and \"landing-gear\" are only explained. In the field of linguistics one is surprised to find an entry for \"phoneme\" which is found only rarely in the latest editions of English dictionaries. However, the term is here incorrectly equated with \"phone.\" \"Linguist\" and \"philologist\" have been equated and both are correctly distinguished from \"polyglot,\" though this may be somewhat confusing to Vietnamese users since \"linguist\" is used to mean \"polyglot\" in most non-technical writings. But then so are we somewhat confused on this usage. All things considered this dictionary is a very ambitious undertaking which should prove very useful. It will surely not satisfy all the needs of all its users.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128496891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868 . Tr. and ed. W. G. Beasley. London: Oxford University Press, 1955. xii, 359. Appendices, Bibliography, Index. $8.00.","authors":"Robert S. Schwantes","doi":"10.2307/2941940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126580089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
economic and social sectors, it is not too clearly worked out nor is the precise meaning of "balance" readily apparent. In the important role the report assigns to enterprise and to institutional factors, there is clear evidence that growth theory needs to be concerned with more than the strictly economic factors involved in social change. But precisely which factors, and how to identify those that will be crucial in different cases, are questions not answered by the report. Such comments, of course, are more in the nature of reflections on the status of development economics, than criticism of the report. The Bank mission should not be criticized for failing to answer questions with which it was not concerned.
{"title":"English-Vietnamese Dictionary.","authors":"Robert Jones, Nguyên-vǎn-Khôn","doi":"10.2307/2941945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941945","url":null,"abstract":"economic and social sectors, it is not too clearly worked out nor is the precise meaning of \"balance\" readily apparent. In the important role the report assigns to enterprise and to institutional factors, there is clear evidence that growth theory needs to be concerned with more than the strictly economic factors involved in social change. But precisely which factors, and how to identify those that will be crucial in different cases, are questions not answered by the report. Such comments, of course, are more in the nature of reflections on the status of development economics, than criticism of the report. The Bank mission should not be criticized for failing to answer questions with which it was not concerned.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126585449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
honestly against our own standards of right and wrong. Comments Mr. Kuhn: "If there had been a United Nations in Perry's day—if there had been a Charter pledging nations not to use or threaten force—the Japan Expedition would have been regarded as a threat to world peace. Japan or some other nation could have brought the threat before the Security Council, and the United States would have been in the wrong. There cannot be the slightest doubt about it." (p. 158) Though the author concludes that "if any nation was to open Japan by the threat of force, probably it was fortunate that the United States did it" (p. 160), his book remains a model of objectivity for such popular presentation.
{"title":"Les cinq grandes religions du monde . By Helmut von Glasenapp. Translated from the German by Pierre Jundt. Paris: Payot, 1954. 558. 1,700 francs.","authors":"E. D. Saunders","doi":"10.2307/2941959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941959","url":null,"abstract":"honestly against our own standards of right and wrong. Comments Mr. Kuhn: \"If there had been a United Nations in Perry's day—if there had been a Charter pledging nations not to use or threaten force—the Japan Expedition would have been regarded as a threat to world peace. Japan or some other nation could have brought the threat before the Security Council, and the United States would have been in the wrong. There cannot be the slightest doubt about it.\" (p. 158) Though the author concludes that \"if any nation was to open Japan by the threat of force, probably it was fortunate that the United States did it\" (p. 160), his book remains a model of objectivity for such popular presentation.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"42 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115382059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China and the Cold War. A Study in International Politics . By Michael Lindsay (Lord Lindsay of Birker). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1955. xv, 286. Maps, Appendix, Index. $3.75.","authors":"H. Mcaleavy","doi":"10.2307/2941927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122054834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Clubb, Charles K. A. Wang, S. Chiu, Wen-Hui C. Chen, Charles K. A. Wang
by the Communists." He produces an example. General Wedemeyer in a speech in 1946 revealed his belief that the Chinese empire in the nineteenth century "consisted essentially of feudal dynasties, whose leaders, or warlords, paid tribute to the Emperor," and went on to praise the achievements of that great leader Chiang Kai-shek, who, he suggested, was devoted to the principle of free enterprise. I t is clear that General Wedemeyer would never pass an examination in Chinese history, and Lord Lindsay quite justly points out the error of supposing that the Kuomintang favoured free enterprise in the American sense. But, seriously, is this of the slightest importance? Does Lord Lindsay really think that mistakes of this kind, resulting from a lack of acquaintance with Chinese affairs, are to be mentioned in the same breath with the Communist fabrications? Why does he not simply prove his point by giving us an American falsification of Chinese history "quite as bad" as the Communist stories of germ warfare? Indeed, Lord Lindsay seems far too apt to make mountains out of molehills. For instance, it is common knowledge that the authorities in Chungking retained contact with some of the civil and military officials of the Wang Chingwei regime. We learn from Lord Lindsay that General Ho Ying-ch'in told the American Air Force that it would be safe for American airmen to make forced landings in certain areas held by "puppet" units, as he had sufficient authority with these latter to secure the return of any such Americans. To most people, all this would seem a commendable example of old-fashioned Chinese commonsense, but Lord Lindsay will have no truck with it and denounces it as "evidence of Kuomintang-Japanese collaboration." As Lord Lindsay tells us himself that General Ho was at pains to explain to his American friends that he was able to make such an arrangement only because the "puppet" troops had comparatively few Japanese attached to them, it is not easy to see how he can have arrived at such a conclusion. HENRY MCALEAVY School of Oriental and African Studies University of London
{"title":"Reactions in Communist China: An Analysis of Letters to Newspaper Editors.","authors":"O. Clubb, Charles K. A. Wang, S. Chiu, Wen-Hui C. Chen, Charles K. A. Wang","doi":"10.2307/2941928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941928","url":null,"abstract":"by the Communists.\" He produces an example. General Wedemeyer in a speech in 1946 revealed his belief that the Chinese empire in the nineteenth century \"consisted essentially of feudal dynasties, whose leaders, or warlords, paid tribute to the Emperor,\" and went on to praise the achievements of that great leader Chiang Kai-shek, who, he suggested, was devoted to the principle of free enterprise. I t is clear that General Wedemeyer would never pass an examination in Chinese history, and Lord Lindsay quite justly points out the error of supposing that the Kuomintang favoured free enterprise in the American sense. But, seriously, is this of the slightest importance? Does Lord Lindsay really think that mistakes of this kind, resulting from a lack of acquaintance with Chinese affairs, are to be mentioned in the same breath with the Communist fabrications? Why does he not simply prove his point by giving us an American falsification of Chinese history \"quite as bad\" as the Communist stories of germ warfare? Indeed, Lord Lindsay seems far too apt to make mountains out of molehills. For instance, it is common knowledge that the authorities in Chungking retained contact with some of the civil and military officials of the Wang Chingwei regime. We learn from Lord Lindsay that General Ho Ying-ch'in told the American Air Force that it would be safe for American airmen to make forced landings in certain areas held by \"puppet\" units, as he had sufficient authority with these latter to secure the return of any such Americans. To most people, all this would seem a commendable example of old-fashioned Chinese commonsense, but Lord Lindsay will have no truck with it and denounces it as \"evidence of Kuomintang-Japanese collaboration.\" As Lord Lindsay tells us himself that General Ho was at pains to explain to his American friends that he was able to make such an arrangement only because the \"puppet\" troops had comparatively few Japanese attached to them, it is not easy to see how he can have arrived at such a conclusion. HENRY MCALEAVY School of Oriental and African Studies University of London","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134402973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：