analysis of Indian economic change, although Henry Aubrey in an article in the December 1955 Number of the Journal of Economic History has illuminated part of the problem. It would be unfair, then, to expect Mr. Ornati to grapple systematically in his handbook with these complex and important theoretical issues. But it is unwise of him to ignore the richer and more sophisticated explanations that are necessary. It is just because the traditional analytic framework is in such a shambles, and because Mr. Ornati persists in using it, that his historical sections are inadequate for a proper understanding of the basic forces at work. At the same time, the functional aspects of Indian industrial labor problems can be found more accurately portrayed in recent volumes of the Indian Labour Yearbook. There is a useful Bibliography appended to the book. There is also a gracious Introduction by C. N. Vakil, Director of the School of Economics and Sociology, University of Bombay.
尽管亨利·奥布里在《经济史杂志》1955年12月号上的一篇文章阐明了部分问题，但他对印度经济变化的分析。因此，指望奥纳提先生在他的手册中系统地探讨这些复杂而重要的理论问题是不公平的。但他忽视必要的更丰富、更复杂的解释是不明智的。正因为传统的分析框架是如此的混乱，而奥纳提先生又坚持使用它，所以他的历史章节不足以使人正确地理解起作用的基本力量。与此同时，印度工业劳工问题的职能方面可以在最近几卷的《印度劳工年鉴》中找到更准确的描述。书后附有一份有用的参考书目。孟买大学经济与社会学院院长C. N. Vakil也作了亲切的介绍。
{"title":"Indian Village . By S. C. Dube. Foreword by Morris E. Opler. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1955. xiv, 248. Glossary, Bibliography, Index. $3.00.","authors":"Gitel P. Steed","doi":"10.2307/2941950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941950","url":null,"abstract":"analysis of Indian economic change, although Henry Aubrey in an article in the December 1955 Number of the Journal of Economic History has illuminated part of the problem. It would be unfair, then, to expect Mr. Ornati to grapple systematically in his handbook with these complex and important theoretical issues. But it is unwise of him to ignore the richer and more sophisticated explanations that are necessary. It is just because the traditional analytic framework is in such a shambles, and because Mr. Ornati persists in using it, that his historical sections are inadequate for a proper understanding of the basic forces at work. At the same time, the functional aspects of Indian industrial labor problems can be found more accurately portrayed in recent volumes of the Indian Labour Yearbook. There is a useful Bibliography appended to the book. There is also a gracious Introduction by C. N. Vakil, Director of the School of Economics and Sociology, University of Bombay.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129759316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
perhaps less rewarding than some of the preceding, more historical sections. Also, Professor Glasenapp seems more at home in considering Hinduism and Buddhism than he is in his study of Chinese Universalism or of Christianity and Islam. On the whole, his remarks on Christianity, if at times interesting, tend to be somewhat standard and his treatment of the sects of an extremely summary nature. His chapter of Islam is certainly more a portrait historique than a succinct synthesis of his thinking and that of other scholars on the subject. But despite the inevitable inequalities in treatment, which must characterize a work of this scope, Professor Glasenapp succeeds in bringing under one cover a useful summary of five of the great religions of the world. His remarks are those of an experienced scholar who has thought profoundly on man's speculation as it is reflected in his religious systems, and for this, students of the Far East as well as those of comparative religions are grateful.
{"title":"East-West Fire: Schopenhauer's Optimism and the Lankavatara Sutra . By Charles Muses. Indian Hills, Colo.: Falcon's Wing Press, 1956. 67. Appendices, Bibliography. $2.00.","authors":"C. Moore, C. Musès","doi":"10.2307/2941960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941960","url":null,"abstract":"perhaps less rewarding than some of the preceding, more historical sections. Also, Professor Glasenapp seems more at home in considering Hinduism and Buddhism than he is in his study of Chinese Universalism or of Christianity and Islam. On the whole, his remarks on Christianity, if at times interesting, tend to be somewhat standard and his treatment of the sects of an extremely summary nature. His chapter of Islam is certainly more a portrait historique than a succinct synthesis of his thinking and that of other scholars on the subject. But despite the inevitable inequalities in treatment, which must characterize a work of this scope, Professor Glasenapp succeeds in bringing under one cover a useful summary of five of the great religions of the world. His remarks are those of an experienced scholar who has thought profoundly on man's speculation as it is reflected in his religious systems, and for this, students of the Far East as well as those of comparative religions are grateful.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128602774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japanese Literature in the Meiji Era. Comp. and ed. by OKAZAKI YOSHIE; translated and adapted by V. H. VIGLIELMO. Century Cultural Council Series. Tokyo: Obunsha, 1955. xiv, 673. Plates, Index. $10.00. The appearance in English of an historical and critical interpretation of a significant body of modern Japanese literature edited by a Japanese scholar should be enthusiastically welcomed by the Western student. The recently published work, Japanese Literature in the Meiji Era, is such a study. It is, however, a striking example of failure in the effort to achieve a meaningful communication between two cultures. Because of the unusual circumstances under which it was produced, that should give to the book a special interest and significance, this failure is a particularly keen disappointment, and the reasons for it warrant some detailed consideration.
明治时期的日本文学。冈崎义惠编著;V. H. VIGLIELMO翻译改编。世纪文化理事会系列。东京:大阪，1955年。十四,673年。板块指数。10.00美元。由一位日本学者编辑的对日本现代文学的重要部分的历史和批判的英文解释的出现应该受到西方学生的热烈欢迎。最近出版的《明治时代的日本文学》就是这样一种研究。然而，这是一个在两种文化之间实现有意义的交流的努力失败的显著例子。由于它是在不寻常的情况下产生的，这应该给这本书一个特殊的兴趣和意义，这次失败是一个特别强烈的失望，它的原因值得一些详细的考虑。
{"title":"Some Problems in East-West Communication","authors":"R. H. Brower, Okazaki Yoshie, V. Viglielmo","doi":"10.2307/2941924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941924","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese Literature in the Meiji Era. Comp. and ed. by OKAZAKI YOSHIE; translated and adapted by V. H. VIGLIELMO. Century Cultural Council Series. Tokyo: Obunsha, 1955. xiv, 673. Plates, Index. $10.00. The appearance in English of an historical and critical interpretation of a significant body of modern Japanese literature edited by a Japanese scholar should be enthusiastically welcomed by the Western student. The recently published work, Japanese Literature in the Meiji Era, is such a study. It is, however, a striking example of failure in the effort to achieve a meaningful communication between two cultures. Because of the unusual circumstances under which it was produced, that should give to the book a special interest and significance, this failure is a particularly keen disappointment, and the reasons for it warrant some detailed consideration.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129913582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book anthology of japanese literature. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.
{"title":"Anthology of Japanese literature","authors":"D. Keene","doi":"10.2307/2941941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941941","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book anthology of japanese literature. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122373873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Korea tomorrow, land of the morning calm","authors":"K. Chung, M. Clark, Paul F. Douglass","doi":"10.2307/2941943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941943","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134163034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Baerwald, Harry K. Nishio, C. H. Uyehara, M. Royama, Shimako Royama, S. Ogata, A. Cole
broad familiarity with the basic problems of Japanese history and an intimate knowledge of the most recent research in the field. As a result, the author's extensive essay is in some ways far more useful than many of the lengthier and more detailed works which have been standard fare for years. For all of its merits, however, an educator must doubtless have serious reservations about Modem Japan. Since the book is manifestly not aimed at the scholar, it should properly be evaluated in terms of its objectives. In this respect, it is highly problematical that it has satisfactorily fulfilled its purpose. Rather than combining the values of scholarship and popular writing, Tiedemann's work falls between the two. Japanese history is ordinarily difficult enough for westerners to learn. Teaching of the subject calls, moreover, for special techniques. To expose a beginner in the field to a highly concentrated mass of political data, no matter how carefully pruned, will assuredly neither stimulate interests nor be productive of results. Exclusion of the cultural and avoidance of the interpretive are not, moreover, necessarily the wisest method. The best that may be hoped from a book like Modern Japan is that the layman may know something about Japanese history. Whether he will acquire some understanding of Japan and the Japanese is another matter. The documents assembled by Tiedemann to elaborate his text are valuable, if conventional. Though all of the eighteen selections have previously been published in English translation, it is convenient, since some of them are to be found only in works difficult of access, to have them so readily at hand. But considering the purpose for which they are presented, it is evident that the documents as a whole lack the balance so excellently maintained in the text. Thus, while the earlier materials highlight the search for principle and the struggle for power during the first half of the Meiji period, almost all of the remaining items, covering the years since 1889, are concerned with issues of foreign policy. In view of his unquestioned skill in the Japanese language, it is to be regretted that the author did not prepare some translations de novo.
{"title":"Comparative Platforms of Japan's Major Parties . Tr. and arranged by Cecil H. Uyehara, Michio and Shimako Royama, and Shijuro Ogata. Introduction by Allan B. Cole. Medford, Mass.: The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1955. v, 65 (mimeo.).","authors":"H. Baerwald, Harry K. Nishio, C. H. Uyehara, M. Royama, Shimako Royama, S. Ogata, A. Cole","doi":"10.2307/2941937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941937","url":null,"abstract":"broad familiarity with the basic problems of Japanese history and an intimate knowledge of the most recent research in the field. As a result, the author's extensive essay is in some ways far more useful than many of the lengthier and more detailed works which have been standard fare for years. For all of its merits, however, an educator must doubtless have serious reservations about Modem Japan. Since the book is manifestly not aimed at the scholar, it should properly be evaluated in terms of its objectives. In this respect, it is highly problematical that it has satisfactorily fulfilled its purpose. Rather than combining the values of scholarship and popular writing, Tiedemann's work falls between the two. Japanese history is ordinarily difficult enough for westerners to learn. Teaching of the subject calls, moreover, for special techniques. To expose a beginner in the field to a highly concentrated mass of political data, no matter how carefully pruned, will assuredly neither stimulate interests nor be productive of results. Exclusion of the cultural and avoidance of the interpretive are not, moreover, necessarily the wisest method. The best that may be hoped from a book like Modern Japan is that the layman may know something about Japanese history. Whether he will acquire some understanding of Japan and the Japanese is another matter. The documents assembled by Tiedemann to elaborate his text are valuable, if conventional. Though all of the eighteen selections have previously been published in English translation, it is convenient, since some of them are to be found only in works difficult of access, to have them so readily at hand. But considering the purpose for which they are presented, it is evident that the documents as a whole lack the balance so excellently maintained in the text. Thus, while the earlier materials highlight the search for principle and the struggle for power during the first half of the Meiji period, almost all of the remaining items, covering the years since 1889, are concerned with issues of foreign policy. In view of his unquestioned skill in the Japanese language, it is to be regretted that the author did not prepare some translations de novo.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mediums assert that they fall in a trance and in this condition lose their sense of feeling. Thus, fire walking, lying on a knife bed, climbing of sword ladders, perforation of both cheeks with long spears, and cutting of the tongue are often performed, and at least some of these activities are regarded as necessary to arouse the interest and participation of the worshippers in the cult. Elliott does not believe that these mediums are psychotics, as has been asserted of Siberian shamans; for him, to be a medium is a calling and a profession for which some ability is necessary, but also a good deal of hard training. Although the mediums are never paid for their work, they expect "gifts"; often, in addition, they have a financial interest in the temple or the cult organization. The most interesting part of the book is perhaps Elliott's analysis of the organizational aspects of these cults. A special chapter (Ch. iv) is devoted to a detailed description of one of the cults of the "Great Saint," and the Appendices bring some examples of invocations and oracles. Differing from analysts of secret religious societies in North China, the author seems to see very little true religious feeling behind these cults, although "there is much historical evidence to show that spirit mediumship represents the dominant religious orientation of the Chinese of the type who came to the South Seas during the days of mass emigration" (p. 164). There is, along with a general trend towards secularization, some decline of spirit-medium cults in Singapore, but "it is difficult to find an alternative to the orientation that spirit mediumship represents as a formative influence in religious ideas" (p. 167). While on the mainland, the new government, attacking such cults, believes that the new ideology presents such an alternative, no acceptable alternatives seem to be presented to the Singapore Chinese.
{"title":"Land of the Five Hundred Million: A Geography of China . By George B. Cressey. New York: McGraw Hill, 1955. xv, 387. Maps, Bibliography, Index. $10.00.","authors":"R. Murphey","doi":"10.2307/2941932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941932","url":null,"abstract":"The mediums assert that they fall in a trance and in this condition lose their sense of feeling. Thus, fire walking, lying on a knife bed, climbing of sword ladders, perforation of both cheeks with long spears, and cutting of the tongue are often performed, and at least some of these activities are regarded as necessary to arouse the interest and participation of the worshippers in the cult. Elliott does not believe that these mediums are psychotics, as has been asserted of Siberian shamans; for him, to be a medium is a calling and a profession for which some ability is necessary, but also a good deal of hard training. Although the mediums are never paid for their work, they expect \"gifts\"; often, in addition, they have a financial interest in the temple or the cult organization. The most interesting part of the book is perhaps Elliott's analysis of the organizational aspects of these cults. A special chapter (Ch. iv) is devoted to a detailed description of one of the cults of the \"Great Saint,\" and the Appendices bring some examples of invocations and oracles. Differing from analysts of secret religious societies in North China, the author seems to see very little true religious feeling behind these cults, although \"there is much historical evidence to show that spirit mediumship represents the dominant religious orientation of the Chinese of the type who came to the South Seas during the days of mass emigration\" (p. 164). There is, along with a general trend towards secularization, some decline of spirit-medium cults in Singapore, but \"it is difficult to find an alternative to the orientation that spirit mediumship represents as a formative influence in religious ideas\" (p. 167). While on the mainland, the new government, attacking such cults, believes that the new ideology presents such an alternative, no acceptable alternatives seem to be presented to the Singapore Chinese.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123080670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As Elsewhere in Southeast Asia, the Japanese occupation was a decisive factor in the shaping of political developments in Indonesia after 1945. It is indeed probable that the impact of those eventful forty months was greater in Indonesia than in Burma and the Philippines, both of which countries had progressed further toward autonomy and self-rule under Western colonial rule than had the Netherlands Indies. It is certainly no coincidence that Japan granted “independence” to these areas during 1943, while in Indonesia a guarded promise of the distant goal of such independence came only as the result of the adverse course of the Pacific War in the latter part of 1944, when Allied landings in Indonesia appeared a probability. It was not until September of that year that, on instructions from Tokyo, the military administration on Java took steps which facilitated the ultimate success of the nationalist revolution in Indonesia. An examination of Japanese policies during the early months of the occupation of Java, the center of Indonesian political life then and now, leaves little doubt that the fate of Indonesia would have been far different had Japan continued victorious in the war.
{"title":"The Beginnings of the Japanese Occupation of Java","authors":"H. Benda","doi":"10.2307/2941923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941923","url":null,"abstract":"As Elsewhere in Southeast Asia, the Japanese occupation was a decisive factor in the shaping of political developments in Indonesia after 1945. It is indeed probable that the impact of those eventful forty months was greater in Indonesia than in Burma and the Philippines, both of which countries had progressed further toward autonomy and self-rule under Western colonial rule than had the Netherlands Indies. It is certainly no coincidence that Japan granted “independence” to these areas during 1943, while in Indonesia a guarded promise of the distant goal of such independence came only as the result of the adverse course of the Pacific War in the latter part of 1944, when Allied landings in Indonesia appeared a probability. It was not until September of that year that, on instructions from Tokyo, the military administration on Java took steps which facilitated the ultimate success of the nationalist revolution in Indonesia. An examination of Japanese policies during the early months of the occupation of Java, the center of Indonesian political life then and now, leaves little doubt that the fate of Indonesia would have been far different had Japan continued victorious in the war.","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"17 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121058445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Mongol mission : narratives and letters of the Franciscan missionaries in Mongolia and China in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries","authors":"M. C. Rogers","doi":"10.2307/2941963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126171195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Grass Path . Tr. Yukuo Uyehara and Marjorie Sinclair. Illus. Shikō Munakata. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1955. xvi, 72. Illustrations. $3.00.","authors":"Edward Seidensticker, Yukuo Uyehara, M. Sinclair","doi":"10.2307/2941942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2941942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369319,"journal":{"name":"The Far Eastern Quarterly","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129330006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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