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Mitigating the Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Child Health: a Call to Action. 减轻COVID-19对全球儿童健康的影响:行动呼吁。
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00241-6
Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Ryan M McAdams, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Lineo Thahane, Sabrina M Butteris, James H Conway, Mandy Slutsker, Nicole E St Clair, Heather Haq

Purpose of review: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to affect individuals, communities, and health systems worldwide. Here, we highlight how COVID-19 threatens to jeopardize the tremendous gains made over the last few decades on improving children's health globally.

Recent findings: In contrast to adults, children with COVID-19 are less likely to develop severe disease requiring hospitalization or die as a direct result of infection. However, the pandemic will likely have other important health impacts disproportionately affecting vulnerable children globally. Possible effects include worsening of poverty and food insecurity; disruption of already strained routine child health services; damage to already imperiled healthcare workforces; a wave of mental health challenges; interruption of education; and increased risks of violence, abuse, exploitation, and neglect. These challenges notwithstanding, the response to COVID-19 may also provide opportunities, such as for health system strengthening, that could improve child health after the pandemic.

Summary: The negative impacts of COVID-19 on global child health may be substantial. However, these are not foregone conclusions and much can be done to mitigate the worst outcomes. Child health providers should advocate for an equitable response to COVID-19 that prioritizes the health of vulnerable children and furthers the gains made in global child health.

审查目的:严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)是2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的病因,继续影响全世界的个人、社区和卫生系统。在此,我们强调,COVID-19有可能危及过去几十年在改善全球儿童健康方面取得的巨大成就。最新发现:与成人相比,感染COVID-19的儿童不太可能发展为需要住院治疗的严重疾病或因感染而直接死亡。然而,这场大流行病可能会对全球弱势儿童产生其他严重的健康影响。可能的影响包括贫困和粮食不安全状况的恶化;中断本已紧张的常规儿童保健服务;对已经岌岌可危的医护人员造成损害;一波心理健康挑战;中断教育;暴力、虐待、剥削和忽视的风险也在增加。尽管存在这些挑战,但应对COVID-19也可能提供机会,例如加强卫生系统,从而改善大流行后的儿童健康。摘要:COVID-19对全球儿童健康的负面影响可能是巨大的。然而,这些并不是必然的结论,可以做很多事情来减轻最坏的结果。儿童卫生服务提供者应倡导公平应对COVID-19,优先考虑弱势儿童的健康,并进一步促进全球儿童卫生方面取得的成果。
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引用次数: 8
What Will Happen to Biomedical Research in Low-and-Middle Income Countries in the PostCOVID-19 World? covid -19后世界中低收入国家的生物医学研究将会发生什么?
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00223-0
Gustavo Fontecha, Ana L Sánchez

Scientific research is essential for a nation's development and is vital for generating solutions to population's health. Individual country's capacities to prevent and respond to public health issues, including health crises, is built with long-term investment in highly qualified professionals, infrastructure, and uninterrupted operating funding. Most Latin American countries, especially those at the bottom of the human development list, have limited capacity even though they are hot spots for tropical and other emerging infectious diseases. This weakness deepens these countries' dependence on nations with higher development and corresponding scientific capacity. The current COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on the health of the world's population and the global economy. Countries that lagged behind prior to the pandemic now face a myriad of additional challenges. On a more optimistic note, the pandemic could serve as a wake-up call for governments and funding agencies to strengthen scientific capacity around the world, so that we are better prepared to address the public health issues caused by current and prevalent diseases and by future diseases of pandemic potential.

科学研究对一个国家的发展至关重要,对解决人口健康问题至关重要。各国预防和应对公共卫生问题(包括卫生危机)的能力是建立在对高素质专业人员、基础设施和不间断业务资金的长期投资基础之上的。大多数拉丁美洲国家,特别是在人类发展名单上垫底的国家,能力有限,尽管它们是热带疾病和其他新发传染病的热点。这一弱点加深了这些国家对具有更高发展水平和相应科学能力的国家的依赖。当前,新冠肺炎疫情给世界人民健康和全球经济造成严重破坏。在大流行之前落后的国家现在面临着无数额外的挑战。从更乐观的角度来看,这次大流行可以为各国政府和供资机构敲响警钟,加强世界各地的科学能力,以便我们更好地准备应对当前和流行疾病以及未来可能大流行的疾病造成的公共卫生问题。
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引用次数: 0
Host-Pathogen Molecular Factors Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Rhizopus spp. in Diabetes Mellitus. 糖尿病根霉致病机制的宿主-病原体分子因素研究。
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00222-1
Berenice Morales-Franco, Mario Nava-Villalba, Edgar Octavio Medina-Guerrero, Yaír Adonaí Sánchez-Nuño, Perla Davila-Villa, Elsa Janneth Anaya-Ambriz, Claudia Lisette Charles-Niño

Purpose of review: Infectious diseases represent up to 12% of all deaths in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The development and progression of DM generate a chronic inflammatory state with unique characteristics that have been exploited by some pathogens; one of them is Rhizopus spp., a fungus considered the causative agent of mucormycosis. This disease has a poor prognosis with high mortality rates, and the apparition of resistant isolates each year has become a worrying concern. DM is an actual and continuing health problem, and for that reason, it is of foremost importance to study the pathogenesis of mucormycosis to generate new prevention and treatment strategies.

Recent findings: The worldwide incidence of mucormycosis has increased in recent years. The pathogenic mechanisms and factors identified in Rhizopus spp. are the cell wall, spore germination, proteins, and enzymes related to iron sequestration, CotH fungal protein, positive regulation of the GRP78 cell receptor, and immune evasion due to survival within phagocytes, among others. The physiopathology of DM offers favorable conditions for the successful replication of Rhizopus spp.

Summary: The main reason for increase of incidence of mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus spp. has been associated with the rise of worldwide prevalence of DM. Knowing the fungal pathogenic mechanisms as well as the relationships between Rhizopus with the microenvironment found in the human body will undoubtedly help generate better antifungals to enhance treatment outcomes. Nowadays, some strategies to combat the fungus are based on the knowledge of its proteins, cellular interactions, and iron metabolism.

综述目的:传染病占糖尿病(DM)患者死亡总数的12%。糖尿病的发展和进展产生一种具有独特特征的慢性炎症状态,已被一些病原体利用;其中之一是根霉,一种被认为是毛霉病的病原体的真菌。该病预后差,死亡率高,每年出现的耐药分离株已成为令人担忧的问题。糖尿病是一个现实的、持续的健康问题,因此,研究毛霉病的发病机制对制定新的预防和治疗策略至关重要。近年来,毛霉病在世界范围内的发病率有所上升。根霉的致病机制和因素包括细胞壁、孢子萌发、铁固相关的蛋白质和酶、CotH真菌蛋白、GRP78细胞受体的正调控、吞噬细胞内生存的免疫逃避等。摘要:根霉引起的毛霉病发病率增加的主要原因与全球范围内糖尿病患病率的上升有关,了解真菌致病机制以及根霉与人体内微环境的关系,无疑将有助于产生更好的抗真菌药物,提高治疗效果。如今,一些对抗真菌的策略是基于对其蛋白质、细胞相互作用和铁代谢的了解。
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引用次数: 54
An Aspect of Kumbh Mela Massive Gathering and COVID-19. 大壶大聚会与新冠疫情的一个侧面。
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00238-1
Sayed A Quadri, Prasad R Padala

Purpose of review: Kumbh Mela, a religious gathering of Hindus held in India, is the largest massive gathering event in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented healthcare crisis in recent times with effects reverberating in all spheres of human lives. India has registered the second highest number of COVID-19 cases. This paper aims to dwell in the religious and social background of Kumbh Mela massive gathering, as well as the ritualistic practices that could potentially entail public health risks in the current situation. It also aims to identify possible preparatory and interventional measures to evade such risks.

Recent findings: In recent years, the increase in the number of people attending the Kumbh Mela has been phenomenal. Congregants are put up at the holy sites for several days. The sheer number of people assembling at the religious venues poses a great challenge to manage the crowds, to cater to the requirements of basic amenities, and to meet their healthcare needs. Some of the ritualistic practices could heighten the risk for transmission of respiratory pathogens. The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated over the past few months in India. The pandemic is expected to sustain its tempo in India throughout the foreseeable future. Organization of the forthcoming Kumbh Mela needs meticulous planning.

Summary: Kumbh Mela is a Hindu religious gathering at the banks of India's rivers, held periodically. It witnesses assembly of huge numbers of people and has the potential to amplify the COVID-19 pandemic in India; this could overwhelm the healthcare system.

审查目的:大壶节是印度教徒在印度举行的宗教聚会,是世界上规模最大的大型聚会活动。COVID-19大流行是近年来前所未有的卫生保健危机,其影响波及人类生活的各个领域。印度的新冠肺炎病例数量位居第二。本文旨在探讨大壶节大规模集会的宗教和社会背景,以及在当前情况下可能带来公共卫生风险的仪式习俗。它还旨在确定可能的准备和干预措施,以避免这种风险。最近的发现:近年来,参加大壶节的人数显著增加。会众被安排在圣地住上几天。聚集在宗教场所的人数众多,对管理人群、满足基本设施的要求以及满足他们的医疗保健需求构成了巨大挑战。一些仪式性的做法可能会增加呼吸道病原体传播的风险。过去几个月,印度的COVID-19大流行有所升级。预计在可预见的未来,这一流行病将在印度保持其速度。即将到来的大壶节需要精心策划。概要:大壶节是在印度河岸举行的印度教宗教聚会,定期举行。它见证了大量人群的聚集,并有可能扩大印度的COVID-19大流行;这可能会使医疗系统不堪重负。
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引用次数: 21
Re-opening Sudan: the Balance Between Maintaining Daily Living and Avoiding the Next Peak of COVID-19. 重新开放苏丹:维持日常生活与避免下一个COVID-19高峰之间的平衡。
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00237-2
Nada Fadul, Mohamed E Hussein, Abdelaal A Fadul

Purpose of the review: To describe the intersectionality of healthcare and economy, and potential solutions to prevent the next peak of COVID-19 in Sudan.

Recent findings: Sudan has recently emerged from a 30-year dictatorship to face the COVID-19 pandemic in the midst of the worst economic crisis. Disease control measures that have been used in developed countries have been difficult to implement in Sudan due to economic, social, and structural challenges. There is a need for integration of data into the disease response plan and for community engagement to help with mitigation efforts. Youth-led community organizations were critical in the success of the Sudanese revolution. Their formal involvement in contact tracing and community awareness campaigns can be beneficial.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the surface many of the challenges facing the healthcare system in Sudan. Culturally tailored interventions are needed to prevent the next peak of COVID-19 in the country.

回顾的目的:描述医疗保健和经济的交叉性,以及在苏丹预防下一个COVID-19高峰的潜在解决方案。最近的调查结果:苏丹最近摆脱了30年的独裁统治,在最严重的经济危机中面对COVID-19大流行。由于经济、社会和结构方面的挑战,在发达国家使用的疾病控制措施在苏丹难以实施。需要将数据纳入疾病应对计划,并需要社区参与,以帮助开展缓解工作。青年领导的社区组织对苏丹革命的成功起了关键作用。他们正式参与接触者追踪和社区宣传运动可能是有益的。总结:2019冠状病毒病大流行使苏丹卫生保健系统面临的许多挑战浮出水面。需要针对不同文化的干预措施,以防止该国出现下一个COVID-19高峰。
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引用次数: 4
Vitamin D Status: Can It Affect the Risk of Infection and the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms? 维生素 D 状态:它能影响感染风险和 COVID-19 症状的严重程度吗?
IF 3.6 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00236-3
Nicole Paiz, Paula Alonso, Ana Luisa Portillo

Purpose of review: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, several academic studies have emerged that explore the importance of vitamin D in the development of the SARS-CoV2 infection. The basis of this interest comes from the established effect vitamin D status has on other acute respiratory infections, such as influenza. This article aims to determine the role and effect of vitamin D serum concentration in the prevalence and severity of COVID-19.

Recent findings: Several observational studies have demonstrated that suboptimal levels of vitamin D serum concentrations can significantly increase the risk of developing COVID-19 and lead to a more severe symptomatology. One study suggests, however, that supplementation of vitamin D could potentially increase the incidence of mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Summary: Vitamin D status could have an influential role in the development and progression of SARS-CoV2 infection. Further studies are warranted to understand fully the veracity and the extent of this association.

综述目的:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,有几项学术研究探讨了维生素 D 在 SARS-CoV2 感染发展过程中的重要性。这种兴趣的基础来自于维生素 D 状态对其他急性呼吸道感染(如流感)的既定影响。本文旨在确定维生素 D 血清浓度在 COVID-19 感染率和严重程度中的作用和影响:多项观察性研究表明,维生素 D 血清浓度低于理想水平会显著增加 COVID-19 的发病风险,并导致更严重的症状。然而,一项研究表明,补充维生素 D 有可能增加 COVID-19 患者的死亡率。总结:维生素 D 状态可能对 SARS-CoV2 感染的发生和发展有影响。要充分了解这种关联的真实性和程度,还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Vitamin D Status: Can It Affect the Risk of Infection and the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?","authors":"Nicole Paiz, Paula Alonso, Ana Luisa Portillo","doi":"10.1007/s40475-021-00236-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40475-021-00236-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, several academic studies have emerged that explore the importance of vitamin D in the development of the SARS-CoV2 infection. The basis of this interest comes from the established effect vitamin D status has on other acute respiratory infections, such as influenza. This article aims to determine the role and effect of vitamin D serum concentration in the prevalence and severity of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Several observational studies have demonstrated that suboptimal levels of vitamin D serum concentrations can significantly increase the risk of developing COVID-19 and lead to a more severe symptomatology. One study suggests, however, that supplementation of vitamin D could potentially increase the incidence of mortality in COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Vitamin D status could have an influential role in the development and progression of SARS-CoV2 infection. Further studies are warranted to understand fully the veracity and the extent of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":37441,"journal":{"name":"Current Tropical Medicine Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25558641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Malaria in the USA: How Vulnerable Are We to Future Outbreaks? 美国的疟疾:我们对未来的爆发有多脆弱?
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z
Kyndall C Dye-Braumuller, Mufaro Kanyangarara

Purpose of review: Malaria poses a threat to nearly half of the world's population, and recent literature in the USA is lacking regarding understanding risk for local outbreaks. This article aims to review Anopheles mosquito data, vector-borne disease outbreak preparedness, and human travel data from large international gateway cities in an effort to examine risk for localized outbreaks.

Recent findings: The majority of vector control organizations are widely unprepared for a vector-borne disease outbreak, and multiple mosquito species capable of transmitting malaria continue to persist throughout the USA.

Summary: Despite the lack of recent autochthonous cases in the USA, multiple risk factors suggest that local malaria outbreaks in the USA will continue to pose a public health threat due to large numbers of international travelers from endemic areas, multiple Anopheles spp. capable of transmitting the parasite, and unsatisfactory vector-borne disease outbreak preparedness. Climate conditions and recent changes in travel patterns will influence malaria across the globe.

综述目的:疟疾对世界上近一半的人口构成威胁,美国最近的文献缺乏对局部暴发风险的了解。本文旨在回顾来自大型国际门户城市的按蚊数据、媒介传播疾病暴发准备和人类旅行数据,以检查局部暴发的风险。最近的发现:大多数病媒控制组织对病媒传播的疾病爆发普遍没有准备,并且能够传播疟疾的多种蚊子继续在美国持续存在。摘要:尽管美国最近没有本土病例,但多种风险因素表明,由于大量来自流行地区的国际旅行者,能够传播寄生虫的多种按蚊,以及不满意的媒介传播疾病暴发准备,美国的局部疟疾暴发将继续构成公共卫生威胁。气候条件和最近旅行模式的变化将影响全球的疟疾。
{"title":"Malaria in the USA: How Vulnerable Are We to Future Outbreaks?","authors":"Kyndall C Dye-Braumuller,&nbsp;Mufaro Kanyangarara","doi":"10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Malaria poses a threat to nearly half of the world's population, and recent literature in the USA is lacking regarding understanding risk for local outbreaks. This article aims to review <i>Anopheles</i> mosquito data, vector-borne disease outbreak preparedness, and human travel data from large international gateway cities in an effort to examine risk for localized outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The majority of vector control organizations are widely unprepared for a vector-borne disease outbreak, and multiple mosquito species capable of transmitting malaria continue to persist throughout the USA.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Despite the lack of recent autochthonous cases in the USA, multiple risk factors suggest that local malaria outbreaks in the USA will continue to pose a public health threat due to large numbers of international travelers from endemic areas, multiple <i>Anopheles</i> spp. capable of transmitting the parasite, and unsatisfactory vector-borne disease outbreak preparedness. Climate conditions and recent changes in travel patterns will influence malaria across the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":37441,"journal":{"name":"Current Tropical Medicine Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38837977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
A Review of Leishmaniasis: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. 利什曼病的回顾:目前的知识和未来的方向。
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00232-7
Sarah Mann, Katherine Frasca, Sara Scherrer, Andrés F Henao-Martínez, Sabrina Newman, Poornima Ramanan, José A Suarez

Purpose of review: The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis. We will describe the most recent findings and suggest areas of further research in the leishmaniasis field.

Recent findings: This article reviews newer leishmaniasis tests (including rapid diagnostic tests using rK39 antibodies), vaccine candidates, and updated treatment recommendations.

Summary: While leishmaniasis is a complex disease, learning the prominent clinical manifestations and major parasite species can guide the recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

综述目的:本综述的目的是总结目前皮肤、粘膜和内脏利什曼病的流行病学、临床表现、诊断和治疗方面的知识。我们将描述最近的发现,并提出利什曼病领域进一步研究的领域。最新发现:本文综述了最新的利什曼病检测方法(包括使用rK39抗体的快速诊断检测)、候选疫苗和最新的治疗建议。摘要:利什曼病是一种复杂的疾病,了解其突出的临床表现和主要寄生虫种类可以指导诊断和治疗的建议。
{"title":"A Review of Leishmaniasis: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.","authors":"Sarah Mann,&nbsp;Katherine Frasca,&nbsp;Sara Scherrer,&nbsp;Andrés F Henao-Martínez,&nbsp;Sabrina Newman,&nbsp;Poornima Ramanan,&nbsp;José A Suarez","doi":"10.1007/s40475-021-00232-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-021-00232-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis. We will describe the most recent findings and suggest areas of further research in the leishmaniasis field.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This article reviews newer leishmaniasis tests (including rapid diagnostic tests using rK39 antibodies), vaccine candidates, and updated treatment recommendations.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>While leishmaniasis is a complex disease, learning the prominent clinical manifestations and major parasite species can guide the recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37441,"journal":{"name":"Current Tropical Medicine Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40475-021-00232-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 128
Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014-2015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas. 西印度群岛和东北亚马逊地区研究对了解2014-2015年美洲基孔肯雅热流行的贡献。
IF 5.4 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00242-5
Timothee Bonifay, Lidvine Godaert, Yanouk Epelboin, Dominique Rousset, Maylis Douine, Hélène Hilderal, Cyril Clavel, Sylvie Abel, Fatiha Najioullah, Laurence Fagour, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Marcus Lacerda, Raymond Cézaire, Narcisse Elenga, Moustapha Dramé, Bruno Hoen, André Cabié, Félix Djossou, Loïc Epelboin

Purpose of review: Although the chikungunya virus was discovered more than 60 years ago, it has only really been studied since the outbreak in La Reunion in 2005-2006. Ten years later, between 2014 and 2015, the chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas, affecting millions of people. The objective of this review is to describe the contributions of research on chikungunya virus infection gained from epidemic in the West Indies and the Guiana Shield.

Recent findings: Prevalence data were similar to those found in the Indian Ocean or Asia during epidemics. Clinically, there is now a better understanding of the typical, atypical, and severe forms. Several studies have insisted on the presence of neurological forms of chikungunya infection, such as encephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cases of septic shock due to chikungunya virus as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were described for the first time. Given the magnitude of the epidemic and the large number of people affected, this has led to a better description and new classifications of chikungunya virus infections in specific populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and children. Several studies also described the behavior of populations faced with an emerging disease.

Summary: Current epidemiological data from tropical regions highlights the risk of spreading emerging diseases at higher latitudes, especially concerning arboviruses, since the vector Aedes albopictus is already established in many parts of northern countries. A better understanding of the disease and its epidemic dynamics will foster better management, the crucial importance of which was demonstrated during the COVID-19 epidemic.

审查目的:虽然基孔肯雅病毒是在60多年前发现的,但直到2005-2006年留尼汪岛爆发疫情后才真正对其进行了研究。十年后,即2014年至2015年期间,基孔肯雅病毒在整个美洲传播,影响了数百万人。本文综述了基孔肯雅病毒感染在西印度群岛和圭亚那地盾流行的研究成果。最近的发现:流行率数据与流行病期间在印度洋或亚洲发现的数据相似。临床上,现在对典型、非典型和严重形式有了更好的理解。一些研究坚持认为存在神经系统形式的基孔肯雅感染,如脑炎或格林-巴罗综合征。基孔肯雅病毒引起的脓毒性休克和血栓性血小板减少性紫癜均为首次报道。鉴于这一流行病的规模和受影响的人数众多,这导致对孕妇、老人和儿童等特定人群的基孔肯雅病毒感染有了更好的描述和新的分类。几项研究还描述了面临新出现疾病的人群的行为。摘要:目前来自热带地区的流行病学数据强调了在高纬度地区传播新发疾病的风险,特别是关于虫媒病毒,因为媒介白纹伊蚊已经在北方国家的许多地区确立。更好地了解该疾病及其流行动态将促进更好的管理,这在COVID-19流行期间得到了证明。
{"title":"Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014-2015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas.","authors":"Timothee Bonifay,&nbsp;Lidvine Godaert,&nbsp;Yanouk Epelboin,&nbsp;Dominique Rousset,&nbsp;Maylis Douine,&nbsp;Hélène Hilderal,&nbsp;Cyril Clavel,&nbsp;Sylvie Abel,&nbsp;Fatiha Najioullah,&nbsp;Laurence Fagour,&nbsp;Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes,&nbsp;Marcus Lacerda,&nbsp;Raymond Cézaire,&nbsp;Narcisse Elenga,&nbsp;Moustapha Dramé,&nbsp;Bruno Hoen,&nbsp;André Cabié,&nbsp;Félix Djossou,&nbsp;Loïc Epelboin","doi":"10.1007/s40475-021-00242-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-021-00242-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Although the chikungunya virus was discovered more than 60 years ago, it has only really been studied since the outbreak in La Reunion in 2005-2006. Ten years later, between 2014 and 2015, the chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas, affecting millions of people. The objective of this review is to describe the contributions of research on chikungunya virus infection gained from epidemic in the West Indies and the Guiana Shield.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prevalence data were similar to those found in the Indian Ocean or Asia during epidemics. Clinically, there is now a better understanding of the typical, atypical, and severe forms. Several studies have insisted on the presence of neurological forms of chikungunya infection, such as encephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cases of septic shock due to chikungunya virus as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were described for the first time. Given the magnitude of the epidemic and the large number of people affected, this has led to a better description and new classifications of chikungunya virus infections in specific populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and children. Several studies also described the behavior of populations faced with an emerging disease.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current epidemiological data from tropical regions highlights the risk of spreading emerging diseases at higher latitudes, especially concerning arboviruses, since the vector <i>Aedes albopictus</i> is already established in many parts of northern countries. A better understanding of the disease and its epidemic dynamics will foster better management, the crucial importance of which was demonstrated during the COVID-19 epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":37441,"journal":{"name":"Current Tropical Medicine Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40475-021-00242-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39111031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Arbovirus Rash in the Febrile Returning Traveler as a Diagnostic Clue. 作为诊断线索的发热回国旅行者身上的虫媒病毒皮疹》(Arbovirus Rash in the Febrile Returning Traveler as a Diagnostic Clue.
IF 3.6 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00229-2
Eduardo Wong, José Antonio Suárez, Laura Naranjo, María Mercedes Castrejón-Alba

Purpose of review: This review aims to describe briefly the general information of arboviruses dengue, Zika, and chikungunya infections and emphasize the clinical manifestations of each, to help identify and make a quick diagnosis of each.

Recent findings: The most relevant advances in the study of these arboviruses' infections have been in the epidemiological distribution, mainly due to international travel, migration, and climate change; in the clinical manifestations of these diseases, the development of clinical decision-making software, which can help improve the management and outcomes of these patients; and in the prevention of this disease.

Summary: Although arboviruses infections constitute a clinical challenge for the attending physician in the scope of a febrile returning traveler, a thorough clinical history and exam can help to aid diagnostic reasoning. The characteristics of the rash are a very helpful clue in the evaluation of these patients. Currently, there are clinical decision aid tools that help to get the diagnosis more quickly.

综述的目的:本综述旨在简要描述登革热、寨卡和基孔肯雅虫媒病毒感染的一般信息,并强调每种病毒的临床表现,以帮助识别和快速诊断每种病毒:摘要:尽管虫媒病毒感染对主治医生来说是一个临床挑战,但在发热的回国旅行者范围内,全面的临床病史和检查有助于帮助诊断推理。皮疹的特征是评估这些患者的一个非常有用的线索。目前,有一些临床决策辅助工具有助于更快地做出诊断。
{"title":"Arbovirus Rash in the Febrile Returning Traveler as a Diagnostic Clue.","authors":"Eduardo Wong, José Antonio Suárez, Laura Naranjo, María Mercedes Castrejón-Alba","doi":"10.1007/s40475-021-00229-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40475-021-00229-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to describe briefly the general information of arboviruses dengue, Zika, and chikungunya infections and emphasize the clinical manifestations of each, to help identify and make a quick diagnosis of each.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The most relevant advances in the study of these arboviruses' infections have been in the epidemiological distribution, mainly due to international travel, migration, and climate change; in the clinical manifestations of these diseases, the development of clinical decision-making software, which can help improve the management and outcomes of these patients; and in the prevention of this disease.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Although arboviruses infections constitute a clinical challenge for the attending physician in the scope of a febrile returning traveler, a thorough clinical history and exam can help to aid diagnostic reasoning. The characteristics of the rash are a very helpful clue in the evaluation of these patients. Currently, there are clinical decision aid tools that help to get the diagnosis more quickly.</p>","PeriodicalId":37441,"journal":{"name":"Current Tropical Medicine Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7900380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25421423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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