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Re-opening Sudan: the Balance Between Maintaining Daily Living and Avoiding the Next Peak of COVID-19. 重新开放苏丹:维持日常生活与避免下一个COVID-19高峰之间的平衡。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00237-2
Nada Fadul, Mohamed E Hussein, Abdelaal A Fadul

Purpose of the review: To describe the intersectionality of healthcare and economy, and potential solutions to prevent the next peak of COVID-19 in Sudan.

Recent findings: Sudan has recently emerged from a 30-year dictatorship to face the COVID-19 pandemic in the midst of the worst economic crisis. Disease control measures that have been used in developed countries have been difficult to implement in Sudan due to economic, social, and structural challenges. There is a need for integration of data into the disease response plan and for community engagement to help with mitigation efforts. Youth-led community organizations were critical in the success of the Sudanese revolution. Their formal involvement in contact tracing and community awareness campaigns can be beneficial.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the surface many of the challenges facing the healthcare system in Sudan. Culturally tailored interventions are needed to prevent the next peak of COVID-19 in the country.

回顾的目的:描述医疗保健和经济的交叉性,以及在苏丹预防下一个COVID-19高峰的潜在解决方案。最近的调查结果:苏丹最近摆脱了30年的独裁统治,在最严重的经济危机中面对COVID-19大流行。由于经济、社会和结构方面的挑战,在发达国家使用的疾病控制措施在苏丹难以实施。需要将数据纳入疾病应对计划,并需要社区参与,以帮助开展缓解工作。青年领导的社区组织对苏丹革命的成功起了关键作用。他们正式参与接触者追踪和社区宣传运动可能是有益的。总结:2019冠状病毒病大流行使苏丹卫生保健系统面临的许多挑战浮出水面。需要针对不同文化的干预措施,以防止该国出现下一个COVID-19高峰。
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引用次数: 4
Vitamin D Status: Can It Affect the Risk of Infection and the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms? 维生素 D 状态:它能影响感染风险和 COVID-19 症状的严重程度吗?
IF 3.6 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00236-3
Nicole Paiz, Paula Alonso, Ana Luisa Portillo

Purpose of review: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, several academic studies have emerged that explore the importance of vitamin D in the development of the SARS-CoV2 infection. The basis of this interest comes from the established effect vitamin D status has on other acute respiratory infections, such as influenza. This article aims to determine the role and effect of vitamin D serum concentration in the prevalence and severity of COVID-19.

Recent findings: Several observational studies have demonstrated that suboptimal levels of vitamin D serum concentrations can significantly increase the risk of developing COVID-19 and lead to a more severe symptomatology. One study suggests, however, that supplementation of vitamin D could potentially increase the incidence of mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Summary: Vitamin D status could have an influential role in the development and progression of SARS-CoV2 infection. Further studies are warranted to understand fully the veracity and the extent of this association.

综述目的:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,有几项学术研究探讨了维生素 D 在 SARS-CoV2 感染发展过程中的重要性。这种兴趣的基础来自于维生素 D 状态对其他急性呼吸道感染(如流感)的既定影响。本文旨在确定维生素 D 血清浓度在 COVID-19 感染率和严重程度中的作用和影响:多项观察性研究表明,维生素 D 血清浓度低于理想水平会显著增加 COVID-19 的发病风险,并导致更严重的症状。然而,一项研究表明,补充维生素 D 有可能增加 COVID-19 患者的死亡率。总结:维生素 D 状态可能对 SARS-CoV2 感染的发生和发展有影响。要充分了解这种关联的真实性和程度,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Leishmaniasis: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. 利什曼病的回顾:目前的知识和未来的方向。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00232-7
Sarah Mann, Katherine Frasca, Sara Scherrer, Andrés F Henao-Martínez, Sabrina Newman, Poornima Ramanan, José A Suarez

Purpose of review: The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis. We will describe the most recent findings and suggest areas of further research in the leishmaniasis field.

Recent findings: This article reviews newer leishmaniasis tests (including rapid diagnostic tests using rK39 antibodies), vaccine candidates, and updated treatment recommendations.

Summary: While leishmaniasis is a complex disease, learning the prominent clinical manifestations and major parasite species can guide the recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

综述目的:本综述的目的是总结目前皮肤、粘膜和内脏利什曼病的流行病学、临床表现、诊断和治疗方面的知识。我们将描述最近的发现,并提出利什曼病领域进一步研究的领域。最新发现:本文综述了最新的利什曼病检测方法(包括使用rK39抗体的快速诊断检测)、候选疫苗和最新的治疗建议。摘要:利什曼病是一种复杂的疾病,了解其突出的临床表现和主要寄生虫种类可以指导诊断和治疗的建议。
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引用次数: 128
Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014-2015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas. 西印度群岛和东北亚马逊地区研究对了解2014-2015年美洲基孔肯雅热流行的贡献。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00242-5
Timothee Bonifay, Lidvine Godaert, Yanouk Epelboin, Dominique Rousset, Maylis Douine, Hélène Hilderal, Cyril Clavel, Sylvie Abel, Fatiha Najioullah, Laurence Fagour, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Marcus Lacerda, Raymond Cézaire, Narcisse Elenga, Moustapha Dramé, Bruno Hoen, André Cabié, Félix Djossou, Loïc Epelboin

Purpose of review: Although the chikungunya virus was discovered more than 60 years ago, it has only really been studied since the outbreak in La Reunion in 2005-2006. Ten years later, between 2014 and 2015, the chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas, affecting millions of people. The objective of this review is to describe the contributions of research on chikungunya virus infection gained from epidemic in the West Indies and the Guiana Shield.

Recent findings: Prevalence data were similar to those found in the Indian Ocean or Asia during epidemics. Clinically, there is now a better understanding of the typical, atypical, and severe forms. Several studies have insisted on the presence of neurological forms of chikungunya infection, such as encephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cases of septic shock due to chikungunya virus as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were described for the first time. Given the magnitude of the epidemic and the large number of people affected, this has led to a better description and new classifications of chikungunya virus infections in specific populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and children. Several studies also described the behavior of populations faced with an emerging disease.

Summary: Current epidemiological data from tropical regions highlights the risk of spreading emerging diseases at higher latitudes, especially concerning arboviruses, since the vector Aedes albopictus is already established in many parts of northern countries. A better understanding of the disease and its epidemic dynamics will foster better management, the crucial importance of which was demonstrated during the COVID-19 epidemic.

审查目的:虽然基孔肯雅病毒是在60多年前发现的,但直到2005-2006年留尼汪岛爆发疫情后才真正对其进行了研究。十年后,即2014年至2015年期间,基孔肯雅病毒在整个美洲传播,影响了数百万人。本文综述了基孔肯雅病毒感染在西印度群岛和圭亚那地盾流行的研究成果。最近的发现:流行率数据与流行病期间在印度洋或亚洲发现的数据相似。临床上,现在对典型、非典型和严重形式有了更好的理解。一些研究坚持认为存在神经系统形式的基孔肯雅感染,如脑炎或格林-巴罗综合征。基孔肯雅病毒引起的脓毒性休克和血栓性血小板减少性紫癜均为首次报道。鉴于这一流行病的规模和受影响的人数众多,这导致对孕妇、老人和儿童等特定人群的基孔肯雅病毒感染有了更好的描述和新的分类。几项研究还描述了面临新出现疾病的人群的行为。摘要:目前来自热带地区的流行病学数据强调了在高纬度地区传播新发疾病的风险,特别是关于虫媒病毒,因为媒介白纹伊蚊已经在北方国家的许多地区确立。更好地了解该疾病及其流行动态将促进更好的管理,这在COVID-19流行期间得到了证明。
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引用次数: 2
Arbovirus Rash in the Febrile Returning Traveler as a Diagnostic Clue. 作为诊断线索的发热回国旅行者身上的虫媒病毒皮疹》(Arbovirus Rash in the Febrile Returning Traveler as a Diagnostic Clue.
IF 3.6 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00229-2
Eduardo Wong, José Antonio Suárez, Laura Naranjo, María Mercedes Castrejón-Alba

Purpose of review: This review aims to describe briefly the general information of arboviruses dengue, Zika, and chikungunya infections and emphasize the clinical manifestations of each, to help identify and make a quick diagnosis of each.

Recent findings: The most relevant advances in the study of these arboviruses' infections have been in the epidemiological distribution, mainly due to international travel, migration, and climate change; in the clinical manifestations of these diseases, the development of clinical decision-making software, which can help improve the management and outcomes of these patients; and in the prevention of this disease.

Summary: Although arboviruses infections constitute a clinical challenge for the attending physician in the scope of a febrile returning traveler, a thorough clinical history and exam can help to aid diagnostic reasoning. The characteristics of the rash are a very helpful clue in the evaluation of these patients. Currently, there are clinical decision aid tools that help to get the diagnosis more quickly.

综述的目的:本综述旨在简要描述登革热、寨卡和基孔肯雅虫媒病毒感染的一般信息,并强调每种病毒的临床表现,以帮助识别和快速诊断每种病毒:摘要:尽管虫媒病毒感染对主治医生来说是一个临床挑战,但在发热的回国旅行者范围内,全面的临床病史和检查有助于帮助诊断推理。皮疹的特征是评估这些患者的一个非常有用的线索。目前,有一些临床决策辅助工具有助于更快地做出诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions. 人类Q热在圭亚那盾和巴西:最近的发现和遗留的问题。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00243-4
Loïc Epelboin, Carole Eldin, Pauline Thill, Vincent Pommier de Santi, Philippe Abboud, Gaëlle Walter, Alessia Melzani, Paule Letertre-Gibert, Lucas Perez, Magalie Demar, Mathilde Boutrou, Jorlan Fernandes, Julman Rosiris Cermeño, Maria Mercedes Panizo, Stephen Gs Vreden, Félix Djossou, Emmanuel Beillard, Jacobus H de Waard, Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos

Purpose of review: In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent.

Recent findings: Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions.

Summary: Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.

综述目的:在这篇综述中,我们报告了巴西和圭亚那盾(位于南美洲东北部的亚马逊地区)人类Q热的知识状况。在法属圭亚那,这种疾病的发病率是世界上最高的,而在其他国家,这种疾病实际上是不存在的。最近的发现:最近的发现主要是在法属圭亚那,在那里发现了一种独特的菌株MST17;它可能比通常发现的那些具有特别明显的肺向性、神秘的动物宿主、令人质疑的地理分布的病毒更具毒性。摘要:Q热是一种由伯纳克希菌引起的细菌性人畜共患病,在世界范围内已有报道。在圭亚那地盾,一个主要被亚马逊森林覆盖的地区,包括委内瑞拉的玻利瓦尔国、圭亚那、苏里南、法属圭亚那和巴西的阿马佩尔国,情况非常不同。虽然法属圭亚那是世界上报告该病发病率最高的区域,只有一个感染克隆(MST 117)和独特的流行病学周期,但该区域其他国家几乎从未报告过该病。病例的缺失引发了许多问题,可能是由于大量诊断不足。研究应全面估计该地区这种疾病的真正负担。
{"title":"Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions.","authors":"Loïc Epelboin,&nbsp;Carole Eldin,&nbsp;Pauline Thill,&nbsp;Vincent Pommier de Santi,&nbsp;Philippe Abboud,&nbsp;Gaëlle Walter,&nbsp;Alessia Melzani,&nbsp;Paule Letertre-Gibert,&nbsp;Lucas Perez,&nbsp;Magalie Demar,&nbsp;Mathilde Boutrou,&nbsp;Jorlan Fernandes,&nbsp;Julman Rosiris Cermeño,&nbsp;Maria Mercedes Panizo,&nbsp;Stephen Gs Vreden,&nbsp;Félix Djossou,&nbsp;Emmanuel Beillard,&nbsp;Jacobus H de Waard,&nbsp;Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos","doi":"10.1007/s40475-021-00243-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-021-00243-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":37441,"journal":{"name":"Current Tropical Medicine Reports","volume":"8 3","pages":"173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40475-021-00243-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39066640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Giardia duodenalis Virulence - "To Be, or Not To Be". 十二指肠贾第虫毒力-“生存,还是毁灭”。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00248-z
Raúl Argüello-García, M Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Here, we review recent progress made on the genetic characterization of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> assemblages and their relationship with virulence. We also discuss the implications of virulence factors in the pathogenesis of giardiasis, and advances in the development of vaccines and drugs based on knowledge of virulence markers.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The use of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies as well as whole genome sequencing (WGS) from single cysts has allowed the assembly of the draft genome sequences for assemblages C and D of <i>G. duodenalis</i>. These findings, along with the published genomes for assemblages A, B, and E, have allowed comparative genomic investigations. In addition, the use of these methodologies for the characterization of the secretomes of trophozoite-epithelial cell interactions for assemblages A/B has led to the identification of virulence markers including energy metabolism enzymes, proteinases, high-cysteine membrane proteins (HCMPs), and variant surface proteins (VSPs). Recently, some drugs and vaccines, targeting virulence factors have been developed, offering possible alternatives to current treatment and prevention options against giardiasis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Among the nine recognized species of <i>Giardia</i>, <i>G. duodenalis</i> stands out because of its broad spectrum of hosts and its socio-economic importance. This species comprises eight genetic assemblages (A to H), of which A and B are zoonotic, and the other assemblages have narrow host specificities. Assemblages A and B may be considered as the most virulent ones, but the existence of asymptomatic carriers and considerable genetic variability within and among these assemblages hampers the definition of common virulence factors. The attachment of <i>Giardia</i> trophozoites to epithelial cells and structural cytoskeleton components of the adhesive disk, such as giardins or tubulins, is proposed to play key roles, but toxins have not yet been precisely defined. However, recent transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the secretomes of trophozoites representing assemblages A and B and interacting with particular epithelial cell lines have defined a series of virulence factors, including glycolytic (e.g., enolase) and arginolytic (e.g., arginine deiminase) enzymes, cysteine proteases (e.g., giardipain-1) and VSPs (e.g., VSP9B10A). Other factors, such as HCMPs and tenascins, have been consistently found to be excreted/secreted, but their role(s) in the pathogenesis of giardiasis has not yet been elucidated. Interestingly, recent investigations of single cysts representing assemblages C and D using advanced sequencing and informatic methods have suggested that the transcription/expression profiles of virulence factors vary both within and between assemblages, thus assemblage-specific molecules might allow adaptation to the microenvironment within the host. Importantly, some dr
综述目的:本文综述了十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫组合的遗传特征及其与毒力关系的最新进展。我们还讨论了毒力因素在贾第虫病发病机制中的意义,以及基于毒力标记物的疫苗和药物开发的进展。最近发现:利用转录组学和蛋白质组学技术以及单囊全基因组测序(WGS),可以组装十二指肠螺杆菌C和D组合的草图基因组序列。这些发现,连同已发表的组合A、B和E的基因组,使比较基因组研究成为可能。此外,利用这些方法表征滋养体-上皮细胞A/B组合相互作用的分泌组,已经鉴定出包括能量代谢酶、蛋白酶、高半胱氨酸膜蛋白(HCMPs)和变异表面蛋白(VSPs)在内的毒力标记。最近,已经开发了一些针对毒力因子的药物和疫苗,为目前针对贾第虫病的治疗和预防方案提供了可能的替代方案。摘要:在已知的九种贾第虫中,十二指肠贾第虫因其广泛的寄主范围和社会经济重要性而脱颖而出。该物种包括8个遗传组合(A至H),其中A和B是人畜共患的,其他组合具有狭窄的宿主特异性。组合A和B可能被认为是最具毒性的组合,但这些组合内部和之间存在无症状携带者和相当大的遗传变异性阻碍了共同毒力因子的定义。贾第鞭毛虫滋养体附着于上皮细胞和粘附盘的结构细胞骨架成分,如贾第鞭毛虫或微管蛋白,被认为起关键作用,但毒素尚未得到精确定义。然而,最近对代表A和B组合并与特定上皮细胞系相互作用的滋养体分泌组的转录组学和蛋白质组学分析已经确定了一系列毒力因子,包括糖酵解(如烯醇酶)和精氨酸分解(如精氨酸脱亚胺酶)酶、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(如鞭毛虫痛-1)和vsp(如VSP9B10A)。其他因素,如HCMPs和tenascin,一直被发现是排泄/分泌的,但它们在贾第虫病发病机制中的作用尚未阐明。有趣的是,最近使用先进的测序和信息学方法对代表组合C和D的单个包囊进行的研究表明,毒力因子的转录/表达谱在组合内部和组合之间都是不同的,因此组合特异性分子可能允许适应宿主内的微环境。重要的是,一些对贾第鞭虫富含半胱氨酸的蛋白质有活性的药物,包括贾第鞭虫痛-1、VSPs和精氨酸脱亚胺酶,已被证明是半胱氨酸修饰化合物如双硫胺、l -大麻素和大蒜素的靶标。另一方面,vsp目前被认为是关键的候选疫苗,因为它们在啮齿动物和狗身上引起对贾第鞭毛虫的保护。总的来说,这篇综述表明,需要做更多的工作来识别、表征和理解贾第鞭毛虫毒力因子的作用,并评估它们作为药物和疫苗靶点的有效性。明确的、先进的组学和信息学工具应该有助于这一未来的努力,重点是针对不同组合的常见和/或独特的毒力因子,以开发针对贾第鞭毛虫的新的有效干预措施。
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引用次数: 13
A Review of the Scientific Contributions of Nepal on COVID-19. 尼泊尔对新冠肺炎的科学贡献综述
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00247-0
Rupesh Raut, Ranjit Sah, Kritika Dixit, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Zenteno Marco, Kuldeep Dhama, Yashpal Singh Malik, Ruchi Tiwari, D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Angel Lee

Purpose of review: There has been a high influx of publications on the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 worldwide in the recent few months as very little was known about them. Nepal too had a substantial number of publications on the same, and there was a need to track the most relevant and impactful to the scientific community through bibliometric analysis.

Recent findings: A total of 72 publications were analyzed. Bagmati Pradesh (88%) and its district, Kathmandu (77%), was with the most publications. There were no publications from Gandaki and Karnali Province. Most of the publications were in the international medical journals (82%), 53% chose European journals to publish, and 15.27% were related to and published in psychology journals. The majority were original articles (39%) and mostly related to public health (20.83%). 59.7% of the papers had Nepalese as the first author. Most of them were affiliated with Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital and Patan Academy of Health Sciences.

Summary: Our analysis suggests a need to shift the type of studies from observational studies to studies oriented more towards the therapeutic and clinical trials of available medicines and patient care management. Similarly, the bibliometric analysis gives an overall picture of Nepali medical research's publication status around the globe.

综述目的:近几个月来,由于人们对SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19知之甚少,全球范围内关于它们的出版物大量涌入。尼泊尔也有大量这方面的出版物,有必要通过文献计量分析跟踪对科学界最相关和最具影响力的出版物。最近的发现:总共分析了72篇出版物。巴格马蒂邦(88%)及其地区加德满都(77%)的出版物最多。没有来自甘达基和卡纳利省的出版物。大部分发表在国际医学期刊上(82%),53%选择在欧洲期刊发表,15.27%与心理学期刊相关并发表。大多数是原创文章(39%),大多数与公共卫生相关(20.83%)。59.7%的论文以尼泊尔人为第一作者。其中大多数隶属于特里布万大学教学医院和帕坦卫生科学院。总结:我们的分析表明,有必要将研究类型从观察性研究转变为更侧重于现有药物和患者护理管理的治疗性和临床试验的研究。同样,文献计量分析提供了尼泊尔医学研究在全球出版状况的总体情况。
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引用次数: 5
Refugee Health During COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. 2019冠状病毒病和未来大流行期间的难民健康状况。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00245-2
Jessica Saifee, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Steven R Lowenstein

Purpose of review: This commentary summarizes recent literature pertaining to healthcare challenges and needs during the current pandemic among refugees and asylum seekers residing in a host country. We conducted a literature review to identify barriers to shielding these structurally marginalized populations from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recent findings: Many populations, including refugees, migrants, and asylum seekers, endure structural vulnerabilities in refugee camps and during their resettlement. These structural vulnerabilities include fear of contacting the healthcare system, cultural differences, housing insecurity, food insecurity, discrimination, lack of health insurance, health illiteracy and lack of readily available, and culturally appropriate educational materials. During pandemics, displaced persons suffer disproportionately from poorly managed chronic diseases, economic hardships isolation, and mental illnesses, in addition to the threats posed by the infectious agent.

Summary: Underserved groups, including refugee populations, shoulder a disproportionate burden of disease during pandemics. In order to mitigate the impact of preventable chronic illnesses and also reduce the spread of COVID-19 and other easily-transmissible and deadly viruses during pandemics, governments and public health authorities need to implement policies that allow refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced persons to be fully incorporated into their respective healthcare systems, so that they can be supported and protected and to reduce the amplifying networks of transmission.

审查目的:本评论总结了与当前疫情期间居住在东道国的难民和寻求庇护者面临的保健挑战和需求有关的最新文献。我们进行了一项文献综述,以确定使这些结构上被边缘化的人群免受COVID-19大流行影响的障碍。最近的调查结果:包括难民、移民和寻求庇护者在内的许多人在难民营和重新安置期间都存在结构性脆弱性。这些结构性脆弱性包括害怕接触卫生保健系统、文化差异、住房不安全、粮食不安全、歧视、缺乏医疗保险、卫生文盲以及缺乏现成的和文化上适当的教育材料。在大流行病期间,流离失所者除了受到传染病的威胁外,还不成比例地遭受管理不善的慢性病、经济困难、孤立和精神疾病的折磨。摘要:在大流行期间,包括难民人口在内的得不到充分服务的群体承担着不成比例的疾病负担。为了减轻可预防慢性疾病的影响,并减少COVID-19和其他易传播和致命病毒在大流行期间的传播,各国政府和公共卫生当局需要实施政策,使难民、寻求庇护者和流离失所者完全纳入各自的卫生保健系统,以便他们能够得到支持和保护,并减少传播网络的扩大。
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引用次数: 23
Subcutaneous Mycoses in Travelers. 旅行者的皮下真菌病。
IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00216-z
Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Alexandro Bonifaz

Purpose of review: The increase in international travel in recent decades has contributed to the risk of acquiring diseases considered endemic to a region or country and the change in the epidemiology of these diseases. Endemic mycoses that may be acquired by travelers in the short or long term are endemic subcutaneous mycoses such as sporotrichosis and lobomycosis, while endemic systemic mycoses are a group of serious diseases including histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis. Herein, we review the current knowledge and highlight the most important aspects of these fungal infections in travelers.

Recent findings: The most relevant advances in the study of these mycoses involve the epidemiological distribution; human mycoses can be fatal and there are few antifungal drugs available, increasing drug resistance, and a risk of emerging fungal diseases associated with climate change, as well as the increasing virulence, and the diagnostic strategies that may be limited in many countries.

Summary: Although endemic mycoses are relatively rare, they should be considered as potentially travel-related illnesses. A recent or late trip to an endemic country may guide the clinical suspicion, an early diagnosis, and the institution of effective therapy.

审查目的:近几十年来,国际旅行的增加增加了感染某一区域或国家认为是地方性疾病的风险,并改变了这些疾病的流行病学。旅行者短期或长期可能感染的地方性真菌病是地方性皮下真菌病,如孢子菌病和白血病,而地方性全身真菌病是一组严重疾病,包括组织浆菌病和球孢子菌病。在这里,我们回顾了目前的知识,并强调了旅行者中这些真菌感染的最重要方面。最新发现:这些真菌病的研究最相关的进展包括流行病学分布;人类真菌病可能是致命的,可用的抗真菌药物很少,耐药性增加,与气候变化有关的新发真菌疾病的风险,以及日益增加的毒力,以及许多国家可能有限的诊断策略。摘要:虽然地方性真菌病相对罕见,但应将其视为潜在的旅行相关疾病。最近或晚些时候到流行国家旅行可指导临床怀疑、早期诊断和制定有效治疗。
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Current Tropical Medicine Reports
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