Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.2.233241
Ng Kim Seng, Mohd Khairul Ahmad, Noor Kamalia Abd Hamed, Faridah Abu Bakar, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, Suriani Abu Bakar, Azmi Mohamed, Masaru Shimomura
EuD4TEA crystals have a few fascinating properties, such as photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence. Both phenomena occur when external excitation is performed on EuD4TEA crystals. Photoluminescence is excited by external light radiation, whereas mechanoluminescence is stimulated by an external mechanical force applied to it. EuD4TEA has easily been prepared only by standard crystallisation using dibenzoylmethane, europium nitrate hexahydrate, and triethylamine. This research mainly focused on the solvent for the synthesis of EuD4TEA crystals. The solvents used were ethanol and acetone. Acetone has the main credit for producing much higher-quality EuD4TEA crystals in certain aspects. Acetone-based end products are larger and have higher light emission under excitation.
{"title":"Synthesisation of Photo-Mechanoluminescence Crystal of Europium Dibenzoylmethide Triethylamine (EuD4TEA) with Different Solvent","authors":"Ng Kim Seng, Mohd Khairul Ahmad, Noor Kamalia Abd Hamed, Faridah Abu Bakar, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, Suriani Abu Bakar, Azmi Mohamed, Masaru Shimomura","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.2.233241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.233241","url":null,"abstract":"EuD4TEA crystals have a few fascinating properties, such as photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence. Both phenomena occur when external excitation is performed on EuD4TEA crystals. Photoluminescence is excited by external light radiation, whereas mechanoluminescence is stimulated by an external mechanical force applied to it. EuD4TEA has easily been prepared only by standard crystallisation using dibenzoylmethane, europium nitrate hexahydrate, and triethylamine. This research mainly focused on the solvent for the synthesis of EuD4TEA crystals. The solvents used were ethanol and acetone. Acetone has the main credit for producing much higher-quality EuD4TEA crystals in certain aspects. Acetone-based end products are larger and have higher light emission under excitation.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water pollution has been identified as one of serious environmental problem that has a negative impact on aquatic animals and plants, terrestrial plants and animals, and human health. Effective pollution management and decision-making require an understanding of the intricate dynamics of water contamination in our environment. There are many workable measures that can be adopted to control the menace. Mathematically, water pollution can be modelled using differential equations through management. In order to describe the pollution of water bodies using a system of differential equations. We deployed compartment models to capture the dynamic of pollution in lakes, rivers, and other water bodies. The model compartmentalizes various forms of water pollution and combines them with purification measures. With this strategy, we showed how water pollutants behave in diverse environmental contexts by providing useful knowledge for putting pollution management measures into practice by solving the compartmental model using the Euler method and the Runge-Kutta of Order 4 numerical method (RK4). The quality of results obtained by applying the two mentioned numerical methods is queried based on how they respond to different values of step size (h), which represents the interval at which the numerical methods approximate the solution trajectory. Our findings demonstrate that both numerical approaches are viable for solving compartmental equations by computing compartment values over a specified time interval. Despite the practicability of both methods, it is noteworthy that Runge-Kutta of order 4 consistently emerges as the more effective numerical method in solving our compartmental model when compared with Euler formula, particularly when step sizes are moderately large. The Runge-Kutta method's robustness and efficiency in accurately approximating solutions over the specified time range make us conclude that it is more preferable to the Euler method for practical implementations of compartmental models with moderately large time steps.
水污染已被确定为严重的环境问题之一，对水生动植物、陆生动植物和人类健康都有负面影响。有效的污染管理和决策需要了解我们环境中水污染的复杂动态。有许多可行的措施可以用来控制这一威胁。在数学上，水污染可以通过管理使用微分方程来模拟。为了用微分方程系统来描述水体污染，我们采用了分区模型来捕捉水体污染的动态变化。我们采用分区模型来捕捉湖泊、河流和其他水体的污染动态。该模型将各种形式的水污染分门别类，并与净化措施相结合。通过这一策略，我们展示了水污染物在不同环境中的表现，为将污染管理措施付诸实践提供了有用的知识，具体方法是使用欧拉法和 Runge-Kutta of Order 4 数值方法（RK4）求解分区模型。我们根据步长（h）的不同值（步长表示数值方法近似求解轨迹的间隔），对应用上述两种数值方法所获得结果的质量进行了质询。我们的研究结果表明，这两种数值方法都可以通过计算指定时间间隔内的区间值来求解区间方程。尽管这两种方法都很实用，但值得注意的是，与欧拉公式相比，阶次为 4 的 Runge-Kutta 数值方法在求解隔室模型时始终更为有效，尤其是当步长适中时。Runge-Kutta 方法在指定时间范围内精确逼近解的稳健性和高效性使我们得出结论，在时间步长适中的分室模型的实际应用中，Runge-Kutta 方法比欧拉方法更为可取。
{"title":"Compartmental Equations Hybrid Model for Modelling Water Pollution Transmission","authors":"Putsadee Pornphol, Porpattama Hammachukiattikul, Rajarathinam Vadivel, Salaudeen Abdulwaheed Adebayo, Saratha Sathasivam","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.3050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.3050","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution has been identified as one of serious environmental problem that has a negative impact on aquatic animals and plants, terrestrial plants and animals, and human health. Effective pollution management and decision-making require an understanding of the intricate dynamics of water contamination in our environment. There are many workable measures that can be adopted to control the menace. Mathematically, water pollution can be modelled using differential equations through management. In order to describe the pollution of water bodies using a system of differential equations. We deployed compartment models to capture the dynamic of pollution in lakes, rivers, and other water bodies. The model compartmentalizes various forms of water pollution and combines them with purification measures. With this strategy, we showed how water pollutants behave in diverse environmental contexts by providing useful knowledge for putting pollution management measures into practice by solving the compartmental model using the Euler method and the Runge-Kutta of Order 4 numerical method (RK4). The quality of results obtained by applying the two mentioned numerical methods is queried based on how they respond to different values of step size (h), which represents the interval at which the numerical methods approximate the solution trajectory. Our findings demonstrate that both numerical approaches are viable for solving compartmental equations by computing compartment values over a specified time interval. Despite the practicability of both methods, it is noteworthy that Runge-Kutta of order 4 consistently emerges as the more effective numerical method in solving our compartmental model when compared with Euler formula, particularly when step sizes are moderately large. The Runge-Kutta method's robustness and efficiency in accurately approximating solutions over the specified time range make us conclude that it is more preferable to the Euler method for practical implementations of compartmental models with moderately large time steps.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.1.8398
Safa Waleed Shakir, Sarah Saad Mohammed Jawad, Zainab Abdulmaged Khalaf
Capturing Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been the most crucial issue due to the dangerous impact of emissions of CO2 on the warming of globe and climate change. A novel class of solvent has been effectively employed in absorption technology in recent decades to eliminate CO2. The process of employing nanofluids to enhance CO2 uptake is receiving a lot of attention. However, other studies are needed to enhance the nanofluid absorption rate. The purpose of this study was to use nanofluid (based on amines) to optimize the absorption process for CO2 from flue gas. The technique was designed to extract CO2 from exhaust gas. This paper discusses the removal of CO2 from flue gas and parameter adjustments that increase overall removal efficiency. The nanoparticle concentration, stirring speed, and nanoparticle size were all varied during the tests. The experimental design using Taguchi method was applied to determine the optimal conditions of nanofluid for the process of absorption. Taguchi experimental design to investigate the perfect setting for the highest possible rate of CO2 absorption. The best settings were found to be a nanoparticle beginning concentration of 0.01 vol%, a stirrer speed of 4 rpm, and a nano size of 60 nm, according to the results of multiple regression and signal to noise ratio (S/N). Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the relative significance of each factor. The results show that the proportion of contributions were as follows: mixing speed (rpm) 46.56%, nano concentration (vol.%) 4.33%, and nano size (nm) 43.18%. The most useful parameter was the mixing speed (rpm). The experimental and anticipated values agreed well with regression analysis (R2=97.26%), and the findings of the confirmation test demonstrated that the CO2 absorption rate was 0.0029 g/s; a success that is highly advantageous for industrial uses.
{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of Nanofluids on the Improvement in CO2 Absorption using Taguchi Method","authors":"Safa Waleed Shakir, Sarah Saad Mohammed Jawad, Zainab Abdulmaged Khalaf","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.8398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.8398","url":null,"abstract":"Capturing Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been the most crucial issue due to the dangerous impact of emissions of CO2 on the warming of globe and climate change. A novel class of solvent has been effectively employed in absorption technology in recent decades to eliminate CO2. The process of employing nanofluids to enhance CO2 uptake is receiving a lot of attention. However, other studies are needed to enhance the nanofluid absorption rate. The purpose of this study was to use nanofluid (based on amines) to optimize the absorption process for CO2 from flue gas. The technique was designed to extract CO2 from exhaust gas. This paper discusses the removal of CO2 from flue gas and parameter adjustments that increase overall removal efficiency. The nanoparticle concentration, stirring speed, and nanoparticle size were all varied during the tests. The experimental design using Taguchi method was applied to determine the optimal conditions of nanofluid for the process of absorption. Taguchi experimental design to investigate the perfect setting for the highest possible rate of CO2 absorption. The best settings were found to be a nanoparticle beginning concentration of 0.01 vol%, a stirrer speed of 4 rpm, and a nano size of 60 nm, according to the results of multiple regression and signal to noise ratio (S/N). Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the relative significance of each factor. The results show that the proportion of contributions were as follows: mixing speed (rpm) 46.56%, nano concentration (vol.%) 4.33%, and nano size (nm) 43.18%. The most useful parameter was the mixing speed (rpm). The experimental and anticipated values agreed well with regression analysis (R2=97.26%), and the findings of the confirmation test demonstrated that the CO2 absorption rate was 0.0029 g/s; a success that is highly advantageous for industrial uses.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ground Air Heat Exchanger (GAHE) is a sustainable, environment friendly, and efficient device that can be used for both heating and cooling applications. Careful design of GAHE enables efficient exploit of the earth interior energy. The design of a GAHE relies on the constant temperature of the earth interior which allows consistent and reliable source of geothermal energy. By harnessing this renewable energy, a sustainable solution for heating and cooling needs is attained while minimizing the impact on environment. In this study, the performance of GAHE was examined using ANSYS Fluent 19 R1 and SOLID WORK 16.0 software. The efficiency and Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the ETHE have been investigated. The effect of air flow rate and operation conditions on the outlet air temperature have been studied. GAHE is made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe of 0.1 m diameter, 0.005 m thickness and 18 m horizontal length. Computer simulations were carried out for five different air velocities (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/s) at various operation conditions. Results show that the 18 m pipe length is adequate to attain useful air outlet temperature giving COP values between 0.5 and 1.3. The length of the horizontal part of GAHE can be further increased for air velocities between 3 and 5 m/s. Comparison between the results obtained by the CFD model and experimental work demonstrated that the CFD model is capable of producing results with acceptable accuracy. This suggests that the CFD software can accurately model the performance of the GAHE under different operation conditions. Increasing the length of the horizontal part of the GAHE can improve its COP when higher air velocities are used.
{"title":"Thermal Performance of Earth Air Heat Exchanger for Geothermal Energy Application in Hot Climate using CFD Simulation","authors":"Faeza Mahdi Hadi, Muntadher Hashim Abed, Karrar Abed Hammoodi","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.99117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.99117","url":null,"abstract":"The Ground Air Heat Exchanger (GAHE) is a sustainable, environment friendly, and efficient device that can be used for both heating and cooling applications. Careful design of GAHE enables efficient exploit of the earth interior energy. The design of a GAHE relies on the constant temperature of the earth interior which allows consistent and reliable source of geothermal energy. By harnessing this renewable energy, a sustainable solution for heating and cooling needs is attained while minimizing the impact on environment. In this study, the performance of GAHE was examined using ANSYS Fluent 19 R1 and SOLID WORK 16.0 software. The efficiency and Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the ETHE have been investigated. The effect of air flow rate and operation conditions on the outlet air temperature have been studied. GAHE is made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe of 0.1 m diameter, 0.005 m thickness and 18 m horizontal length. Computer simulations were carried out for five different air velocities (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/s) at various operation conditions. Results show that the 18 m pipe length is adequate to attain useful air outlet temperature giving COP values between 0.5 and 1.3. The length of the horizontal part of GAHE can be further increased for air velocities between 3 and 5 m/s. Comparison between the results obtained by the CFD model and experimental work demonstrated that the CFD model is capable of producing results with acceptable accuracy. This suggests that the CFD software can accurately model the performance of the GAHE under different operation conditions. Increasing the length of the horizontal part of the GAHE can improve its COP when higher air velocities are used.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.1.156165
Muhammad Abdul Mun'aim Mohd Idrus, Aniq Danish Azli, Md Redzuan Zoolfakar, Raa Khimi Shuib, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Asmalina Mohamed Saat
This paper investigates the effect of temperature on the physical properties of Kapok fiber web formed via the hot-pressing method. The kapok web was prepared using the Ashford drum carder. Test samples were subjected to heat treatment in a hydraulic hot-press under three different temperatures (160, 170, and 180°C), heating durations (5, 7.5, and 10 min), and pressures (500, 750, and 1000 psi). This study was conducted to clarify the tensile properties of kapok fabrics under optimal hot-press-forming process parameters such as temperature, heating time, and pressure; here, the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array experimental design was adopted for the optimization. The surface morphologies and tensile properties of kapok fabrics were investigated. The optimum combination of process factors was obtained through signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis. Furthermore, analysis of variance was employed to determine the importance of the process parameter levels. Moreover, regression analysis was adopted to mathematically model the metamorphism of tensile properties with process parameters. A set of confirmation tests was also conducted, and the results verified the presented models. This study results showed that all three processing factors had significant influences on the tensile strength of the carded nonwoven kapok. The combination of hot-pressing parameters to obtain the optimum tensile strength was obtained as follows: 170°C temperature, 1000 psi pressure, and 10 min heating time.
{"title":"Optimization of the Effect of Hydraulic Hot-Pressing-Process Parameters on Tensile Properties of Kapok Fiber Nonwoven Web Based on Taguchi Experimental Design","authors":"Muhammad Abdul Mun'aim Mohd Idrus, Aniq Danish Azli, Md Redzuan Zoolfakar, Raa Khimi Shuib, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Asmalina Mohamed Saat","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.156165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.156165","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of temperature on the physical properties of Kapok fiber web formed via the hot-pressing method. The kapok web was prepared using the Ashford drum carder. Test samples were subjected to heat treatment in a hydraulic hot-press under three different temperatures (160, 170, and 180°C), heating durations (5, 7.5, and 10 min), and pressures (500, 750, and 1000 psi). This study was conducted to clarify the tensile properties of kapok fabrics under optimal hot-press-forming process parameters such as temperature, heating time, and pressure; here, the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array experimental design was adopted for the optimization. The surface morphologies and tensile properties of kapok fabrics were investigated. The optimum combination of process factors was obtained through signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis. Furthermore, analysis of variance was employed to determine the importance of the process parameter levels. Moreover, regression analysis was adopted to mathematically model the metamorphism of tensile properties with process parameters. A set of confirmation tests was also conducted, and the results verified the presented models. This study results showed that all three processing factors had significant influences on the tensile strength of the carded nonwoven kapok. The combination of hot-pressing parameters to obtain the optimum tensile strength was obtained as follows: 170°C temperature, 1000 psi pressure, and 10 min heating time.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.1.6982
Narendraan Rao Subba Rao, Ahmad Mubarak Tajul Arifin, Mazian Mohammad, Ishkrizat Taib, Shaktivell M. Letchumanan
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) considered as unique material as it is proven have the best mechanical properties which can be used as a wrapping. This composite material will be evaluated as a wrapping material using SolidWork version 2021 software. Elbow has been chosen as component to be wrapped as it is one of the most critical parts in a pipeline system. Thus, this research focuses on 90-degree butt welded elbows. The study evaluated different lamination and thickness of CFRP as a wrapping framework for elbows. Static analysis also was stimulated to analyze the stress and strain exerted on elbows at extrados location. Based on static analysis simulation from SolidWork software, lamination orientation of (0º) with 6 layers exhibit lowest stress for all the pressure tested ranging from 0.86MPa to 19.65MPa for 90-degree defected elbow at extrados location. Besides, comparing CFRP and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), CFRP showed it able to reduce stress compared to GFRP when tested on the same defected elbow. Lastly, the flow simulation in CFD showed there were no leakages especially on defected area and no sudden changes on pressure, velocity, and temperature.
{"title":"Preliminary Study on Optimization Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer as Wrapping Structure at 90-degree Elbows Piping System via Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Narendraan Rao Subba Rao, Ahmad Mubarak Tajul Arifin, Mazian Mohammad, Ishkrizat Taib, Shaktivell M. Letchumanan","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.6982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.6982","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) considered as unique material as it is proven have the best mechanical properties which can be used as a wrapping. This composite material will be evaluated as a wrapping material using SolidWork version 2021 software. Elbow has been chosen as component to be wrapped as it is one of the most critical parts in a pipeline system. Thus, this research focuses on 90-degree butt welded elbows. The study evaluated different lamination and thickness of CFRP as a wrapping framework for elbows. Static analysis also was stimulated to analyze the stress and strain exerted on elbows at extrados location. Based on static analysis simulation from SolidWork software, lamination orientation of (0º) with 6 layers exhibit lowest stress for all the pressure tested ranging from 0.86MPa to 19.65MPa for 90-degree defected elbow at extrados location. Besides, comparing CFRP and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), CFRP showed it able to reduce stress compared to GFRP when tested on the same defected elbow. Lastly, the flow simulation in CFD showed there were no leakages especially on defected area and no sudden changes on pressure, velocity, and temperature.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.1.181192
Norashikin Salleh, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Sabrina M. Yahaya, Rosmamuhamadani Ramli
A hybrid of zeolite Y-gelatin film as an oral dosage form for the natural anticancer drug was achieved by homogenously incorporating the drug-loaded zeolite Y into the gelatin solution. Drug ability was analyzed using computational and experimental approaches, drug encapsulation efficiency via the BET method, and possible interactions by FTIR analyses. Zerumbone released was done in both pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 mimicking the human gastrointestinal tract conditions for 24 hrs and subjected to kinetics study via suitable mathematical models to determine what governs the drug release with the results indicating that a sustained delivery of once-daily oral dosage form could be achieved.
{"title":"Kinetic and Mechanism of Zerumbone Release from Cross-linked Gelatin-Zeolite Y Hybrid for Oral Anticancer Drug Delivery","authors":"Norashikin Salleh, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Sabrina M. Yahaya, Rosmamuhamadani Ramli","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.181192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.181192","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid of zeolite Y-gelatin film as an oral dosage form for the natural anticancer drug was achieved by homogenously incorporating the drug-loaded zeolite Y into the gelatin solution. Drug ability was analyzed using computational and experimental approaches, drug encapsulation efficiency via the BET method, and possible interactions by FTIR analyses. Zerumbone released was done in both pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 mimicking the human gastrointestinal tract conditions for 24 hrs and subjected to kinetics study via suitable mathematical models to determine what governs the drug release with the results indicating that a sustained delivery of once-daily oral dosage form could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work aims to examine the influence of magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity on the onset of ferroconvection (FC) in a horizontal porous layer saturated with a quiescent ferrofluid (FF) and subjected to a uniform vertical magnetic field. It is assumed that the porous boundaries at the bottom and top are rigid-paramagnetic. The thermal conditions consist of a constant heat flux at the lower surface and a convective boundary condition at the upper surface, encompassing fixed temperature and uniform heat flux cases. The application of the Galerkin technique to the resulting eigenvalue problem reveals that the stability region expands as the porous parameter, Biot number, MFD viscosity parameter and magnetic susceptibility increase in magnitude. Conversely, the stability region contracts as the magnetic number and non-linearity of magnetization increase. Furthermore, it is noted that under uniform heat flux boundary conditions, the criterion for the initiation of ferroconvection remains unaffected by the non-linearity of fluid magnetization.
{"title":"Saturated Porous Ferroconvection in a Ferrofluid Layer with Viscosity as a Function of Magnetic Field: Focus on Convective Boundary Condition","authors":"Rajagopalan Suprabha, Chikkabagilu Rudraiah Mahesha, Chikkanalluru Erappa Nanjundappa","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.126142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.126142","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to examine the influence of magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity on the onset of ferroconvection (FC) in a horizontal porous layer saturated with a quiescent ferrofluid (FF) and subjected to a uniform vertical magnetic field. It is assumed that the porous boundaries at the bottom and top are rigid-paramagnetic. The thermal conditions consist of a constant heat flux at the lower surface and a convective boundary condition at the upper surface, encompassing fixed temperature and uniform heat flux cases. The application of the Galerkin technique to the resulting eigenvalue problem reveals that the stability region expands as the porous parameter, Biot number, MFD viscosity parameter and magnetic susceptibility increase in magnitude. Conversely, the stability region contracts as the magnetic number and non-linearity of magnetization increase. Furthermore, it is noted that under uniform heat flux boundary conditions, the criterion for the initiation of ferroconvection remains unaffected by the non-linearity of fluid magnetization.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of a single dimple with an arch-type turbulator on heat transfer and fluid friction. The square duct has a 4:1 aspect ratio. Reynolds numbers range from 10,000 to 35,000 depending on hydraulic diameter, maintaining as 0.5 aspect ratio between duct height and dimple diameter. Dimple depth to print diameter ratio is 0.3, which is maintained constant. Two different types of arch turbulators are tested in the first half of the dimple to improve the fluid velocities and heat transfer. The turbulators used in the investigations are both curved and straight type. Curved arch turbulators included angles are 45°, 60°, or 90°, whereas straight arch turbulators are inclined to the surface at a 12° angle. At the dimple's leading edge, an arch turbulator is installed. The experimental findings are displayed as Nusselt number, normalized Nusselt number, friction factor, normalized friction factor, and thermal performance. According to the experimental findings, turbulators with a 60° curved arch operate better than those with 45° and 90° curved arches. Compared to all other arch turbulators, the straight arch turbulator achieves the highest thermal performance.
{"title":"The Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Investigations of Single Dimple with Straight and Curved Arch Turbulator within in a Duct","authors":"Sandeep Sadashiv Kore, Manoj Kumar Chaudhary, Parimal Sharad Bhambare, Dinesh Keloth Kaithari","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.206216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.206216","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of a single dimple with an arch-type turbulator on heat transfer and fluid friction. The square duct has a 4:1 aspect ratio. Reynolds numbers range from 10,000 to 35,000 depending on hydraulic diameter, maintaining as 0.5 aspect ratio between duct height and dimple diameter. Dimple depth to print diameter ratio is 0.3, which is maintained constant. Two different types of arch turbulators are tested in the first half of the dimple to improve the fluid velocities and heat transfer. The turbulators used in the investigations are both curved and straight type. Curved arch turbulators included angles are 45°, 60°, or 90°, whereas straight arch turbulators are inclined to the surface at a 12° angle. At the dimple's leading edge, an arch turbulator is installed. The experimental findings are displayed as Nusselt number, normalized Nusselt number, friction factor, normalized friction factor, and thermal performance. According to the experimental findings, turbulators with a 60° curved arch operate better than those with 45° and 90° curved arches. Compared to all other arch turbulators, the straight arch turbulator achieves the highest thermal performance.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of Hall current diffusion, thermo-activation energy, and other parameters on the flow characteristics of an electrically conducting Jeffrey nanofluid. The Jeffrey nanofluid flow occurs across a continually expanding surface, and additional factors like thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and inclined plates are included in the analysis. A vertically installed transverse magnetic field is assumed to have a modest Reynolds number. The controlling partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. These equations are then numerically solved using the Matlab bvp4c module. This study aims to analyze the impact of many factors, including the Hall current factor, the thermal radiation factor, the heat source/sink factor, the Brownian motion factor, the thermophoresis parameter, and the magnetization, on the velocity, concentration, and temperature. To do this, graphical representations will be used as a means of visualizing and discussing the impacts, as mentioned earlier. To get a deeper understanding of the internal dynamics of the emerging parameters, a numerical computation is conducted to determine the local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction coefficient along the x and z axes. Research findings have shown that the flow velocity exhibits a decreasing trend as the linear and nonlinear thermal radiation components rise. Furthermore, augmenting the values of the Brownian motion parameter will lead to a reduction in the concentration profile of the nanoparticle.
本研究探讨了霍尔电流扩散、热激活能量和其他参数对导电杰弗里纳米流体流动特性的影响。杰弗里纳米流体流过一个持续膨胀的表面，热辐射、发热/吸热和倾斜板等其他因素也被纳入分析。假定垂直安装的横向磁场具有适度的雷诺数。利用适当的相似变换将控制偏微分方程转换为非线性常微分方程。然后使用 Matlab bvp4c 模块对这些方程进行数值求解。本研究旨在分析霍尔电流系数、热辐射系数、热源/散热系数、布朗运动系数、热泳参数和磁化率等多种因素对速度、浓度和温度的影响。为此，如前所述，将使用图形表示法来直观显示和讨论这些影响。为了更深入地了解新出现参数的内部动态，将进行数值计算，以确定沿 x 轴和 z 轴的局部努塞尔特数、舍伍德数和表皮摩擦系数。研究结果表明，随着线性和非线性热辐射成分的增加，流速呈下降趋势。此外，布朗运动参数值的增加将导致纳米粒子浓度曲线的降低。
{"title":"Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Mixed Convection MHD Flow with the Impacts of Hall Current and Diffusion Thermo in the Presence of Brownian Motion and Thermophoresis","authors":"Bingi Suneetha, Ramachandra Reddy Vaddemani, Damodara Reddy Annapureddy, Giulio Lorenzini","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.1.5168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.5168","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of Hall current diffusion, thermo-activation energy, and other parameters on the flow characteristics of an electrically conducting Jeffrey nanofluid. The Jeffrey nanofluid flow occurs across a continually expanding surface, and additional factors like thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and inclined plates are included in the analysis. A vertically installed transverse magnetic field is assumed to have a modest Reynolds number. The controlling partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. These equations are then numerically solved using the Matlab bvp4c module. This study aims to analyze the impact of many factors, including the Hall current factor, the thermal radiation factor, the heat source/sink factor, the Brownian motion factor, the thermophoresis parameter, and the magnetization, on the velocity, concentration, and temperature. To do this, graphical representations will be used as a means of visualizing and discussing the impacts, as mentioned earlier. To get a deeper understanding of the internal dynamics of the emerging parameters, a numerical computation is conducted to determine the local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction coefficient along the x and z axes. Research findings have shown that the flow velocity exhibits a decreasing trend as the linear and nonlinear thermal radiation components rise. Furthermore, augmenting the values of the Brownian motion parameter will lead to a reduction in the concentration profile of the nanoparticle.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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