Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.116.2.112
Huzaifa Azam, William Pao, Muhammad Sohail, Umair Khan
Multiphase flow induced vibrations is a serious safety issue in oil and gas industries due to its undesirable vibration. Currently, there is a lack of usable data that could help to predict the magnitude of multiphase flow induced vibration in pipe inclined at various angles. The objective of this paper is to determine the magnitude of vibration in two-phase flow in pipe at inclination angle of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. Air to water superficial velocity ratio of 1.25 was selected for this purpose because it is the value that causes the flow to change abruptly from slug to churn flow and vice versa, depending on the orientation angle. The flow conduit is selected to be a stainless-steel pipe with an internal diameter of 52.5 mm (2 inches). The vibrations are monitored at the pipe section of length 38D from the inlet. Maximum longitudinal vibrations were observed in 0° orientation. 60° encountered the maximum amplitude vibrational frequency in transverse direction but being at a higher frequency. The suggested model can be used to evaluate the FSI impact of unstable vibrations for any piping orientation and diameter.
{"title":"Effect of Orientation on Two-phase Slug Flow Induced Vibrations","authors":"Huzaifa Azam, William Pao, Muhammad Sohail, Umair Khan","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.116.2.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.112","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase flow induced vibrations is a serious safety issue in oil and gas industries due to its undesirable vibration. Currently, there is a lack of usable data that could help to predict the magnitude of multiphase flow induced vibration in pipe inclined at various angles. The objective of this paper is to determine the magnitude of vibration in two-phase flow in pipe at inclination angle of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. Air to water superficial velocity ratio of 1.25 was selected for this purpose because it is the value that causes the flow to change abruptly from slug to churn flow and vice versa, depending on the orientation angle. The flow conduit is selected to be a stainless-steel pipe with an internal diameter of 52.5 mm (2 inches). The vibrations are monitored at the pipe section of length 38D from the inlet. Maximum longitudinal vibrations were observed in 0° orientation. 60° encountered the maximum amplitude vibrational frequency in transverse direction but being at a higher frequency. The suggested model can be used to evaluate the FSI impact of unstable vibrations for any piping orientation and diameter.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.116.2.112130
F. Jikol, Mohd Zaid, Y. M. Arifin, Mohd Azli Salim, S. Herawan
To improve the physicochemical properties of biodiesel, researchers have been mixing pure biodiesel with neat diesel to produce blended fuels with certain blending ratios. However, one of the issues when combining ordinary diesel with biodiesel is the formation of deposits. In this study, the hot surface deposition test (HSDT) method was employed to investigate the effect of the mixing ratio on the deposition of diesel fuel (DF) and its blends with Malaysian palm oil biodiesel (B10-B50). The accumulated fuel deposits produced by the test fuels up to ND=16000 droplets were studied based on visual inspection and the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the deposits’ composition. Generally, the higher the blend ratio, the more deposits were formed on the hot plate. Furthermore, a greater mass of deposits was produced during the wet condition (timp=3 seconds) test compared to that of the dry condition (timp=7 seconds) test. Deposits’ distribution area produced by the B30, B40, and B50 fuels were larger and appeared to be oily/greasy. Meanwhile, deposits produced by DF, B10, and B20 seem to be dry. The radius of the solid deposit was also larger during the wet condition test. For dry condition test at droplet ND=16000, the mass of deposit produced was 3.7mg (4mm radius) for DF, 3.9mg (5mm radius) for B10, 17.1mg (9mm radius) for B20, 24.0mg (9mm radius) for B30, 25.1mg (9mm radius) for B40, and 28.8mg (7mm radius) for B50. On the other hand, for the wet condition test, the mass of the deposit generated was 4.4mg (4mm radius) for DF, 8.9mg (7mm radius) for B10, 20.4mg (11mm radius) for B20, 31.1mg (13mm radius) for B30, 62.4mg (15mm radius) for B40, and 58.2mg (13mm radius) for B50, respectively. Additionally, the SEM analysis showed that the deposits’ composition for each test fuel primarily consists of carbon (>65%), with relatively lower oxygen concentration (<35%). The dry and wet condition also has a significant impact on the various deposits’ morphology.
{"title":"The Effect of Palm Oil Biodiesel-Neat Diesel (B10-B50) Mixing Ratio on Physical Mechanism of Fuel Deposits Developed on Heated Al Surface","authors":"F. Jikol, Mohd Zaid, Y. M. Arifin, Mohd Azli Salim, S. Herawan","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.116.2.112130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.112130","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the physicochemical properties of biodiesel, researchers have been mixing pure biodiesel with neat diesel to produce blended fuels with certain blending ratios. However, one of the issues when combining ordinary diesel with biodiesel is the formation of deposits. In this study, the hot surface deposition test (HSDT) method was employed to investigate the effect of the mixing ratio on the deposition of diesel fuel (DF) and its blends with Malaysian palm oil biodiesel (B10-B50). The accumulated fuel deposits produced by the test fuels up to ND=16000 droplets were studied based on visual inspection and the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the deposits’ composition. Generally, the higher the blend ratio, the more deposits were formed on the hot plate. Furthermore, a greater mass of deposits was produced during the wet condition (timp=3 seconds) test compared to that of the dry condition (timp=7 seconds) test. Deposits’ distribution area produced by the B30, B40, and B50 fuels were larger and appeared to be oily/greasy. Meanwhile, deposits produced by DF, B10, and B20 seem to be dry. The radius of the solid deposit was also larger during the wet condition test. For dry condition test at droplet ND=16000, the mass of deposit produced was 3.7mg (4mm radius) for DF, 3.9mg (5mm radius) for B10, 17.1mg (9mm radius) for B20, 24.0mg (9mm radius) for B30, 25.1mg (9mm radius) for B40, and 28.8mg (7mm radius) for B50. On the other hand, for the wet condition test, the mass of the deposit generated was 4.4mg (4mm radius) for DF, 8.9mg (7mm radius) for B10, 20.4mg (11mm radius) for B20, 31.1mg (13mm radius) for B30, 62.4mg (15mm radius) for B40, and 58.2mg (13mm radius) for B50, respectively. Additionally, the SEM analysis showed that the deposits’ composition for each test fuel primarily consists of carbon (>65%), with relatively lower oxygen concentration (<35%). The dry and wet condition also has a significant impact on the various deposits’ morphology.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.116.2.172191
Shamitha, Asha Crasta, Sher Afghan Khan
This study focuses on analyzing pressure distribution across the wing surface under different flight conditions. The distribution of surface pressure plays a crucial role in determining the performance of a delta wing. The outcomes of this research will be beneficial for stability assessment and enhancing performance during the aircraft design phase. The paper illustrates the impact of high supersonic Mach numbers, angles of incidence, and specific locations along the three-dimensional delta wing. Strips located at various span-wise positions are treated independently based on a strip theory, which when combined with hypersonic similitude, results in a piston theory. It is important to note that the current theory is only valid when the shock wave remains attached. Viscosity and wave reflection effects have not been taken into account in this particular study. The parameters considered in the study are the Mach numbers (M) in the range 4 to 7. Furthermore, consideration is given to the Angle of Incidence (θ), which varies between 5° to 25°. Along the Wings chord from 0.2 to 1, different points (h) record the pressure results (P2/P1). For numerical simulations, CFD was used, and simulated results at hypersonic Mach numbers matched well with analytical results.
{"title":"Influence of Sweep Angle on the Surface Pressure of Delta Wing Along Pivot Positions at Hypersonic Mach Numbers","authors":"Shamitha, Asha Crasta, Sher Afghan Khan","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.116.2.172191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.172191","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on analyzing pressure distribution across the wing surface under different flight conditions. The distribution of surface pressure plays a crucial role in determining the performance of a delta wing. The outcomes of this research will be beneficial for stability assessment and enhancing performance during the aircraft design phase. The paper illustrates the impact of high supersonic Mach numbers, angles of incidence, and specific locations along the three-dimensional delta wing. Strips located at various span-wise positions are treated independently based on a strip theory, which when combined with hypersonic similitude, results in a piston theory. It is important to note that the current theory is only valid when the shock wave remains attached. Viscosity and wave reflection effects have not been taken into account in this particular study. The parameters considered in the study are the Mach numbers (M) in the range 4 to 7. Furthermore, consideration is given to the Angle of Incidence (θ), which varies between 5° to 25°. Along the Wings chord from 0.2 to 1, different points (h) record the pressure results (P2/P1). For numerical simulations, CFD was used, and simulated results at hypersonic Mach numbers matched well with analytical results.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.116.2.88101
Darbhasayanam Srinivasacharya, Gorantla Saritha
This paper deals with a steady mixed convection flow past a horizontal thin needle submerged in Casson fluid. The flow-governing equations are changed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations utilizing proper transforms. Employing successive linearization, the resulting equations are linearized, and then the Chebyshev spectral collocation technique is implemented. The effects of needle size and mixed convection parameter on stream on velocity and temperature, together with graphical representations of the coefficient of skin friction and local heat transfer rate, are presented. It is found that temperature decreases as needle size decreases but velocity, the coefficient of skin friction, and the Nusselt number improve for both aiding and opposing flow scenarios.
{"title":"Mixed Convection Flow of a Casson Fluid Past a Thin Needle","authors":"Darbhasayanam Srinivasacharya, Gorantla Saritha","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.116.2.88101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.88101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a steady mixed convection flow past a horizontal thin needle submerged in Casson fluid. The flow-governing equations are changed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations utilizing proper transforms. Employing successive linearization, the resulting equations are linearized, and then the Chebyshev spectral collocation technique is implemented. The effects of needle size and mixed convection parameter on stream on velocity and temperature, together with graphical representations of the coefficient of skin friction and local heat transfer rate, are presented. It is found that temperature decreases as needle size decreases but velocity, the coefficient of skin friction, and the Nusselt number improve for both aiding and opposing flow scenarios.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.116.2.192199
Radhiah, Siti Amra, Zulfikar, Nelly Safitri
A steam power plant is a power production system that uses water as a working fluid to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. This STEAM POWER PLANT prototype is a power plant that uses linked equipment (components) such as boilers, compress cylinders, flywheel, generator, and load. A structural and functional approach was used in the investigation. Water is poured into the boiler and heated until it becomes steam. And the steam is channelled to the iron pipe by opening the boiler valve, then pressurized steam enters through the compress cylinder valve so that the compress cylinder moves and rotates the flywheel, then the pulley connected to the flywheel then also rotate and be connected to the generator via the van belt, so that the generator rotates causes the generator to work converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, to see changes in rotation, load vale to operate a compression cylinder without load, a pressure of 20 psi with a rotation of 466 rpm at a steam temperature of 113oC is required and takes 25 minutes to warm up.
{"title":"Design and Construction of Steam Power Plant Prototype (Performance Analysis of Boiler System and Compress Cylinder)","authors":"Radhiah, Siti Amra, Zulfikar, Nelly Safitri","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.116.2.192199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.192199","url":null,"abstract":"A steam power plant is a power production system that uses water as a working fluid to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. This STEAM POWER PLANT prototype is a power plant that uses linked equipment (components) such as boilers, compress cylinders, flywheel, generator, and load. A structural and functional approach was used in the investigation. Water is poured into the boiler and heated until it becomes steam. And the steam is channelled to the iron pipe by opening the boiler valve, then pressurized steam enters through the compress cylinder valve so that the compress cylinder moves and rotates the flywheel, then the pulley connected to the flywheel then also rotate and be connected to the generator via the van belt, so that the generator rotates causes the generator to work converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, to see changes in rotation, load vale to operate a compression cylinder without load, a pressure of 20 psi with a rotation of 466 rpm at a steam temperature of 113oC is required and takes 25 minutes to warm up.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.116.2.2740
Nemah Sahib Mohammed Husien, Nagham Mahmood Aljamali
The nanostructures of materials are those that have intermediate sizes between molecular structures and between microstructures (micrometric in size). When describing nanostructures, it is necessary to distinguish between the number of dimensions according to the nanometer scale. The surfaces of the nano-textures are one-dimensional according to the nanometer scale, with the surface thickness of the object ranging between [0.1 and 100] nanometers. And nanotubes are two-dimensional according to the nanometer scale, the diameter of the tube ranges between [0.1 and 100] nanometers, and its length may be greater than that. Finally, the three-dimensional spherical nanoparticles are on the nanometer scale, where each spatial dimension of the particle ranges between [0.1 and 100] nm. The terms nanoparticles and ultrafine particles are often used synonymously even though ultrafine particles can reach into the micrometric range. The term 'nanostructure' is often used when referring to magnetic technology., All Nano Analytical reagents analysed by instrumental analysis that gave clear evidences of their chemical structures via many technical instruments like (FT IR-Spectra, 1H.NMR-Spectra, 13C.NMR-Spectra, and Nano-Study by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).
{"title":"Designation of Nano-Analytical Reagents and Evaluation of Nano-Applications","authors":"Nemah Sahib Mohammed Husien, Nagham Mahmood Aljamali","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.116.2.2740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.2740","url":null,"abstract":"The nanostructures of materials are those that have intermediate sizes between molecular structures and between microstructures (micrometric in size). When describing nanostructures, it is necessary to distinguish between the number of dimensions according to the nanometer scale. The surfaces of the nano-textures are one-dimensional according to the nanometer scale, with the surface thickness of the object ranging between [0.1 and 100] nanometers. And nanotubes are two-dimensional according to the nanometer scale, the diameter of the tube ranges between [0.1 and 100] nanometers, and its length may be greater than that. Finally, the three-dimensional spherical nanoparticles are on the nanometer scale, where each spatial dimension of the particle ranges between [0.1 and 100] nm. The terms nanoparticles and ultrafine particles are often used synonymously even though ultrafine particles can reach into the micrometric range. The term 'nanostructure' is often used when referring to magnetic technology., All Nano Analytical reagents analysed by instrumental analysis that gave clear evidences of their chemical structures via many technical instruments like (FT IR-Spectra, 1H.NMR-Spectra, 13C.NMR-Spectra, and Nano-Study by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The usage of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is currently being phased out since both substances cause ozone depletion and global warming potential. Many investigations have been conducted in recent years to develop environmentally acceptable alternative refrigerants. Dimethyl ether (DME) is a good contender among the various alternative refrigerants because it has minimal ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). The performance of dimethyl ether as an alternative refrigerant to R134a was evaluated in this study. This study compared the performance of a freezer while using R134a and when using dimethyl ether. The use of dimethyl ether was varied based on mass, namely 60 grams, 70 grams, and 80 grams, or in percentages as much as 40%, 46.7%, and 53.3% of the total mass if R134a. The results showed that using dimethyl ether instead of R134a improved freezer performance. Based on the mass variation, it was found that the chilling time using 80 grams of DME is almost the same as R134a. Even, the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is higher than R134a. Therefore, R134a can be substituted by 53.3% mass of DME in a freezer.
{"title":"The Use of Dimethyl Ether (DME) as a Substitute for R134a","authors":"Windy Hermawan Mitrakusuma, Parisya Premiera Rosulindo, Mawaddati Sofah, Cecep Sunardi, Andriyanto Setyawan","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.2.222232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.222232","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is currently being phased out since both substances cause ozone depletion and global warming potential. Many investigations have been conducted in recent years to develop environmentally acceptable alternative refrigerants. Dimethyl ether (DME) is a good contender among the various alternative refrigerants because it has minimal ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). The performance of dimethyl ether as an alternative refrigerant to R134a was evaluated in this study. This study compared the performance of a freezer while using R134a and when using dimethyl ether. The use of dimethyl ether was varied based on mass, namely 60 grams, 70 grams, and 80 grams, or in percentages as much as 40%, 46.7%, and 53.3% of the total mass if R134a. The results showed that using dimethyl ether instead of R134a improved freezer performance. Based on the mass variation, it was found that the chilling time using 80 grams of DME is almost the same as R134a. Even, the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is higher than R134a. Therefore, R134a can be substituted by 53.3% mass of DME in a freezer.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.2.141157
Bavanasi Pradeep Kumar, Sangapatnam Suneetha
In this paper, analyze the impact of Diffusion thermo and thermal diffusion with heat and mass transfer inherent of thermally radiant Williamson nanofluid over a stretyching surface through a porous medium under the convective boundary condition in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction has been studied. The coefficients of Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions are also taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a couple of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformation equations; these equations are then solved numerically with the use of the conventional fourth-order Runge Kutta method accompanied by the shooting technique. As a result, the effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are discussed with the aid of graphs and tables. This study has been directly applied in the pharmaceutical industry, microfluidic technology, microbial improved oil recovery, modelling oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and many other fields. Further, to check the accuracy and validation of the present results, satisfactory concurrence is observed with the existing literature.
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Diffusion Thermo and Thermal Diffusion on MHD Convective Flow of Williamson Nanofluid on a Stretching Surface Through a Porous Medium in the Presence Chemical Reaction and Thermal Radiation","authors":"Bavanasi Pradeep Kumar, Sangapatnam Suneetha","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.2.141157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.141157","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, analyze the impact of Diffusion thermo and thermal diffusion with heat and mass transfer inherent of thermally radiant Williamson nanofluid over a stretyching surface through a porous medium under the convective boundary condition in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction has been studied. The coefficients of Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions are also taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a couple of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformation equations; these equations are then solved numerically with the use of the conventional fourth-order Runge Kutta method accompanied by the shooting technique. As a result, the effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are discussed with the aid of graphs and tables. This study has been directly applied in the pharmaceutical industry, microfluidic technology, microbial improved oil recovery, modelling oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and many other fields. Further, to check the accuracy and validation of the present results, satisfactory concurrence is observed with the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.115.2.113140
Ummid Isamiya Shaikh, Dhanapal Kamble, Sandeep Kore
The thermal concerns, such as capacity loss, uneven temperature distribution and thermal runaway of the battery packs made of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) used in electric vehicles (EV), limits its applicability, especially in situations of high-power demand. This article analyses the causes of heat generation in lithium-ion battery packs, focusing on their dominance over total heat generation. It discusses the thermal issues arising from heat generation, their root causes, and influencing parameters. Further, it examines the effect of cooling systems on peak battery temperature and temperature uniformity, as well as their design, operating, and performance parameters. The review suggests that, when designing a cooling system, entropic heating should be considered alongside Joule heating during low discharge rates and high temperatures, which are the conditions that prevail when an EV cruises on highways in hot weather. Capacity fade of battery is caused by temperature-dependent factors such as the growth of the SEI layer, rise in separator resistance, and active material loss. Hence an effective battery cooling system should maintain a temperature range of 15°C to 35°C and ‘ΔTmax’ below 6°C. Out of the reviewed cooling systems, air cooling is found to be simple and cost effective, but inefficient for large battery packs. PCM based cooling technique offers greater temperature uniformity but is sensitive to melting point. Liquid cooling is most efficient but adds cost and complexity. Evaporative cooling can serve as a middle ground between air and liquid cooling with further research to put it into practice. The future research in battery thermal management may focus lowering the energy consumption of the cooling systems by taking into account, the precise cooling needs as per the modes of battery operation.
电动汽车（EV）使用的锂离子电池组（LIB）存在容量损失、温度分布不均和热失控等热问题，限制了其适用性，尤其是在高功率需求的情况下。本文分析了锂离子电池组发热的原因，重点关注其在总发热量中的主导地位。文章讨论了发热引起的热问题、其根本原因和影响参数。此外，文章还探讨了冷却系统对电池峰值温度和温度均匀性的影响，以及冷却系统的设计、运行和性能参数。综述建议，在设计冷却系统时，除考虑低放电率和高温时的焦耳热外，还应考虑熵热。电池容量衰减是由温度相关因素造成的，如 SEI 层的增长、隔膜电阻的上升和活性材料的损耗。因此，有效的电池冷却系统应将温度范围保持在 15°C 至 35°C，"ΔTmax "应低于 6°C。在已审查的冷却系统中，空气冷却简单且成本效益高，但对于大型电池组来说效率较低。基于 PCM 的冷却技术具有更高的温度均匀性，但对熔点比较敏感。液体冷却效率最高，但增加了成本和复杂性。蒸发冷却可作为空气冷却和液体冷却的中间方案，但需要进一步研究才能付诸实践。电池热管理方面的未来研究可能会侧重于降低冷却系统的能耗，具体做法是根据电池的运行模式考虑精确的冷却需求。
{"title":"A Review on Cooling Methods of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Applications","authors":"Ummid Isamiya Shaikh, Dhanapal Kamble, Sandeep Kore","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.2.113140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.113140","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal concerns, such as capacity loss, uneven temperature distribution and thermal runaway of the battery packs made of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) used in electric vehicles (EV), limits its applicability, especially in situations of high-power demand. This article analyses the causes of heat generation in lithium-ion battery packs, focusing on their dominance over total heat generation. It discusses the thermal issues arising from heat generation, their root causes, and influencing parameters. Further, it examines the effect of cooling systems on peak battery temperature and temperature uniformity, as well as their design, operating, and performance parameters. The review suggests that, when designing a cooling system, entropic heating should be considered alongside Joule heating during low discharge rates and high temperatures, which are the conditions that prevail when an EV cruises on highways in hot weather. Capacity fade of battery is caused by temperature-dependent factors such as the growth of the SEI layer, rise in separator resistance, and active material loss. Hence an effective battery cooling system should maintain a temperature range of 15°C to 35°C and ‘ΔTmax’ below 6°C. Out of the reviewed cooling systems, air cooling is found to be simple and cost effective, but inefficient for large battery packs. PCM based cooling technique offers greater temperature uniformity but is sensitive to melting point. Liquid cooling is most efficient but adds cost and complexity. Evaporative cooling can serve as a middle ground between air and liquid cooling with further research to put it into practice. The future research in battery thermal management may focus lowering the energy consumption of the cooling systems by taking into account, the precise cooling needs as per the modes of battery operation.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entropy generation is a thermodynamic system attribute representing the direction or result of spontaneous changes within the system. This article uses an entropy generation analysis to examine the thermodynamic optimum in square cavities. Numerous studies have documented using entropy generation analysis as an evaluation measure. This research will utilise entropy generation in various types of convective heat transfer under multiple factors. Furthermore, the problem formulation and outcomes regarding entropy generation in square cavities are presented and summarised in a table. To summarise, the primary goal in dealing with this problem is to get an ideal configuration that maximises energy efficiency through minimising entropy generation and enhancing heat transfer rate. This review study sets the framework for future investigations into entropy production analysis to boost energy efficiency.
{"title":"A Review of Entropy Generation in Rectangular Cavities","authors":"Azlina Jumadi, Norazam Arbin, Habibis Saleh, Seripah Awang Kechil","doi":"10.37934/arfmts.115.2.178221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.178221","url":null,"abstract":"Entropy generation is a thermodynamic system attribute representing the direction or result of spontaneous changes within the system. This article uses an entropy generation analysis to examine the thermodynamic optimum in square cavities. Numerous studies have documented using entropy generation analysis as an evaluation measure. This research will utilise entropy generation in various types of convective heat transfer under multiple factors. Furthermore, the problem formulation and outcomes regarding entropy generation in square cavities are presented and summarised in a table. To summarise, the primary goal in dealing with this problem is to get an ideal configuration that maximises energy efficiency through minimising entropy generation and enhancing heat transfer rate. This review study sets the framework for future investigations into entropy production analysis to boost energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":37460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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