The least significant of all ancient settlements called Athenai was located east of Trapezous on the Pontic coast. It maintained its name well into the 20 th century, when its successor was renamed Pazar . That Arrian provides us with the first (surviving) description of this chorion is due to a storm that compelled him to anchor parts of the Roman fleet in its little harbour (AD 132). In the 6 th century, Prokopios mentions the village only to refute the local tradition that it had been founded by its more famous namesake. Scholars have shared this skepticism and thus largely relegated Pontic Athens to footnotes or condemned it to complete oblivion. But nothing is more plausible than regarding it as a result of Perikles’ expedition to the Euxine (ca. 437/35 BC). Athenai may have a pre-history as a Milesian apoikia called Limne . Less certain is the role it played after the breakdown of Athenian thalassocracy (405 BC). It probably stood under Sinopean hegemony, before being absorbed into the Pontic kingdom in the early-2 nd century BC. By then, however, Pontic Athens had shared the economic downturn of the area between Trapezous and Phasis. It lived on as a village regardless, and thus demonstrates that a polichnion could escape the historical record for centuries without ceasing to exist.
{"title":"Pontic Athens: an Athenian Emporion in Its Geo-Historical Context","authors":"A. Coşkun","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.602897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.602897","url":null,"abstract":"The least significant of all ancient settlements called Athenai was located east of Trapezous on the Pontic coast. It maintained its name well into the 20 th century, when its successor was renamed Pazar . That Arrian provides us with the first (surviving) description of this chorion is due to a storm that compelled him to anchor parts of the Roman fleet in its little harbour (AD 132). In the 6 th century, Prokopios mentions the village only to refute the local tradition that it had been founded by its more famous namesake. Scholars have shared this skepticism and thus largely relegated Pontic Athens to footnotes or condemned it to complete oblivion. But nothing is more plausible than regarding it as a result of Perikles’ expedition to the Euxine (ca. 437/35 BC). Athenai may have a pre-history as a Milesian apoikia called Limne . Less certain is the role it played after the breakdown of Athenian thalassocracy (405 BC). It probably stood under Sinopean hegemony, before being absorbed into the Pontic kingdom in the early-2 nd century BC. By then, however, Pontic Athens had shared the economic downturn of the area between Trapezous and Phasis. It lived on as a village regardless, and thus demonstrates that a polichnion could escape the historical record for centuries without ceasing to exist.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80272179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Inscriptions from the Museum of Eskişehir","authors":"N. E. Akyürek Şahin, Hüseyin Uzunoğlu","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.565707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.565707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87676351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A king’s own son, named Mops (or Mucks?): about fantasy inscriptions, antique storytelling and name records between Pylos and Karatepe","authors":"Diether Schürr","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.499180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.499180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89764173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A statue base with honorary inscription for P. Claudius Calpurnianus, the priest of Asclepius","authors":"Aygün Ekin Meriç, B. Dreyer","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.502869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.502869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85396344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadece Efes yakinlarindaki Belevi Mausoleumu’nda degil ayni zamanda Roma’daki Nero’nun sarayindaki (= Domus Aurea) dosemelerde Phaethon (Φαέθων) efsanesi islenmistir. Bu durum, bunlari yapan ustalar tarafindan yeni bir altin cag yaratmak amaciyla yeniden dogmus Mithras olarak aciklanacaktir. Pergamon altarindaki Telephos frizine benzer sekilde, bu iki yerde de birden fazla bolumde anlatilmak uzere Phaethon ve kiz kardesleri Heliadlar efsanesinin gosterilmesinin planlandigi varsayilmaktadir. Phaethon’un kustahlikla suclanip, cezasinin ve felaketinin Zeus tarafindan verildigi bati versiyonu degil de, Mithras kultu inancina gore dunyanin ates ile harap edilisinde (ἐκπύρωσις) ogulun babasi tarafindan kurban edilisini benimseyen dogu versiyonu gosteriliyor olmalidir. Mithras, Kosmokrator, “Persia’daki Asurlu Phaethon” (Nonnos), olarak yeni altin cagi ( aurea aetas ) garantilemektedir. Guzel sanatlarda sanatcilarin Antik Cag’dan Ronesans’a (Michelangelo) ve modern zamana (Goethe) bati edebiyati orneklerini (Ovidus, Philostratos) takip etmesi sasirtici degildir. Sadece Almanya Dieburg’da bulunan anfiglifik (“her yonden islemeli”) kabartma Mithras kultune ait bir yorumun var oldugunu kanitlamaktadir (Nonnos, Dio Chrysostomos). Bu durum Halikarnassos ve ayni sekilde Belevi’de yer alan mezarlarin sadece bir hukumdar icin degil, hanedanlar icin insa edildigi dusuncesine karsit degildir. Bu sebeple Hekatomnoslar ve Antigonoslar icin yapilan anit mezarlarda, iktidarda olan hukumdarlarin gomu ve onlarin kultu icin lahitler ve heykeller bulunan ust katinda ve hanedanin normal aile uyeleri icin podyumunda cesitli alanlara ihtiyac vardi.
{"title":"Χρυσᾶ τῶν Ἡλιάδων τὰ δάκρυα. Golden flow the tears of the Heliades or the mithric interpretation of the Phaeton myth","authors":"Jürgen Borchhardt","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.513176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.513176","url":null,"abstract":"Sadece Efes yakinlarindaki Belevi Mausoleumu’nda degil ayni zamanda Roma’daki Nero’nun sarayindaki (= Domus Aurea) dosemelerde Phaethon (Φαέθων) efsanesi islenmistir. Bu durum, bunlari yapan ustalar tarafindan yeni bir altin cag yaratmak amaciyla yeniden dogmus Mithras olarak aciklanacaktir. Pergamon altarindaki Telephos frizine benzer sekilde, bu iki yerde de birden fazla bolumde anlatilmak uzere Phaethon ve kiz kardesleri Heliadlar efsanesinin gosterilmesinin planlandigi varsayilmaktadir. Phaethon’un kustahlikla suclanip, cezasinin ve felaketinin Zeus tarafindan verildigi bati versiyonu degil de, Mithras kultu inancina gore dunyanin ates ile harap edilisinde (ἐκπύρωσις) ogulun babasi tarafindan kurban edilisini benimseyen dogu versiyonu gosteriliyor olmalidir. Mithras, Kosmokrator, “Persia’daki Asurlu Phaethon” (Nonnos), olarak yeni altin cagi ( aurea aetas ) garantilemektedir. Guzel sanatlarda sanatcilarin Antik Cag’dan Ronesans’a (Michelangelo) ve modern zamana (Goethe) bati edebiyati orneklerini (Ovidus, Philostratos) takip etmesi sasirtici degildir. Sadece Almanya Dieburg’da bulunan anfiglifik (“her yonden islemeli”) kabartma Mithras kultune ait bir yorumun var oldugunu kanitlamaktadir (Nonnos, Dio Chrysostomos). Bu durum Halikarnassos ve ayni sekilde Belevi’de yer alan mezarlarin sadece bir hukumdar icin degil, hanedanlar icin insa edildigi dusuncesine karsit degildir. Bu sebeple Hekatomnoslar ve Antigonoslar icin yapilan anit mezarlarda, iktidarda olan hukumdarlarin gomu ve onlarin kultu icin lahitler ve heykeller bulunan ust katinda ve hanedanin normal aile uyeleri icin podyumunda cesitli alanlara ihtiyac vardi.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77124757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovations and economic development in the Roman Empire","authors":"H. Schneider","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.504891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.504891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74659427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carian sδisa and a Lycian toponym","authors":"Zsolt Simon","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.467208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.467208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73102531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koray Konuk, Diether Schurr ve Frank Kolb tarafindan yayimlanan birkac yeni calismaya cevap olarak yazar, Erbbina’nin hâkimiyetinin bitisi ile Perikle’nin yukselisi arasinda Ksanthos Vadisi’nin tarihini yeniden kurgulamak ve bu donemdeki temel politik figurlerin silsilesini olusturmak icin I. O. 4. yy’dan itibaren Orta ve Bati Likya’daki mevcut numismatik kanitlari bir araya getirmektedir. Yazar Weχssere adinda ikiden az (ve ayni zamanda fazla) yonetici olmadigi seklindeki geleneksel hipotezi savunmaktadir. Bu yoneticilerden ilki, olasilikla ondan Ksanthos kentini almis olan Kheriga’nin bir cagdasiydi. Esasen yasli adasinin bir oglu ya da akrabasi olmasi muhtemel olan ikincisi Orta Likya’dan Ksanthos Vadisi’ni isgal etmis ve I. O. 4. yuzyilin basinda tiran Erbbina’nin hâkimiyetine son vermisti. Ayni sekilde belgelenen figurler Aruwatijesi ve Ddẽntimi olasilikla ortak hukumdar ya da onlarin vekilleriyken, yazar Waχssebllimi, Waχssepddimi ve Uχssepddimi’nin muhtemelen sirasiyla yasli ve genc Weχssere tarafindan kullanilan birlesik isim formlarindan baska bir sey olarak gorulemeyecegi dusuncesini tasimaktadir. Ayrica yazar, numismatik malzemenin de isaret ettigi gibi, her ikisinin de Perikle tarafindan bozguna ugratilmasindan once Mithrapata ve Artumpara arasindaki bir catisma olabilecegi sonucuna ulasmaktadir.
{"title":"Opponents and successors of the Xanthian dynasty in Western Lycia: The Weχssere questions reconsidered","authors":"Wilhelm Müseler","doi":"10.37095/GEPHYRA.538128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/GEPHYRA.538128","url":null,"abstract":"Koray Konuk, Diether Schurr ve Frank Kolb tarafindan yayimlanan birkac yeni calismaya cevap olarak yazar, Erbbina’nin hâkimiyetinin bitisi ile Perikle’nin yukselisi arasinda Ksanthos Vadisi’nin tarihini yeniden kurgulamak ve bu donemdeki temel politik figurlerin silsilesini olusturmak icin I. O. 4. yy’dan itibaren Orta ve Bati Likya’daki mevcut numismatik kanitlari bir araya getirmektedir. Yazar Weχssere adinda ikiden az (ve ayni zamanda fazla) yonetici olmadigi seklindeki geleneksel hipotezi savunmaktadir. Bu yoneticilerden ilki, olasilikla ondan Ksanthos kentini almis olan Kheriga’nin bir cagdasiydi. Esasen yasli adasinin bir oglu ya da akrabasi olmasi muhtemel olan ikincisi Orta Likya’dan Ksanthos Vadisi’ni isgal etmis ve I. O. 4. yuzyilin basinda tiran Erbbina’nin hâkimiyetine son vermisti. Ayni sekilde belgelenen figurler Aruwatijesi ve Ddẽntimi olasilikla ortak hukumdar ya da onlarin vekilleriyken, yazar Waχssebllimi, Waχssepddimi ve Uχssepddimi’nin muhtemelen sirasiyla yasli ve genc Weχssere tarafindan kullanilan birlesik isim formlarindan baska bir sey olarak gorulemeyecegi dusuncesini tasimaktadir. Ayrica yazar, numismatik malzemenin de isaret ettigi gibi, her ikisinin de Perikle tarafindan bozguna ugratilmasindan once Mithrapata ve Artumpara arasindaki bir catisma olabilecegi sonucuna ulasmaktadir.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89473850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu yazi 1400 yilindan 1800 yilina kadarki donem ile, suphesiz baska isimler de mevcut olmak uzere, antik metinlerin transkripsiyonlarini da yapmis olan 60’tan fazla Avrupali’nin antik eserlere yonelik etkinliklerini kapsamaktadir. Hikâye ayrica, onlarin malzemeyi bulan ve zaman zaman da yazitlarin Kucuk Asya’dan goturulmesini saglayan aracilarini, Osmanli tanidiklarini, rehberlerini, koyluleri ve Yunan rahiplerini de icermektedir. Ayni zamanda, bununla baglantili olarak bu antika meraklilari tarafindan “mermer”, antik elyazmalari, madalyonlar-sikkeler, yazili degerli taslar ve diger yazili materyallerin toplanmasi da konuya dahil edilmistir. Bu malzemelerin bir kismi Kucuk Asya’dan alindiginda tasima esnasinda denizde kaybolurken, bazi antik yazitlar da hasar gormus, Avrupa’daki savaslar esnasinda kaybolmus ya da yok edilmistir. Yazitlara iliskin en erken calismalar Ciriaco de Pizzicolli’nin 15. yuzyildaki transkripsiyonlari ve Pierre Belon tarafindan 1546-9 yillari arasinda yapilan birkac yazit transkripsiyonudur. Fakat Avrupali akademisyenler Kucuk Asya’daki gunumuze ulasan antik epigrafik belgelerin onemini, Agria (Eger) Piskopos’u Antonius Verantius’un Res Gestae Divi Augusti transkripsiyonu, ayni yazitin 1555 yilinda Busbecq’in Ankara’daki hizmetkârlari tarafindan yapilan kopyasinin yayilmasi ve bunun 1579 yilindan itibaren surekli yayimlanmasi sonrasinda kavramislardir. 17. yuzyilin baslarindan itibaren sayisi gittikce artan Avrupali antika meraklilari, buyuk kismi Troas, Ege’nin kiyi bolgeleri ve Kucuk Asya’nin temel ticaret yollari boyunca gorulebilen yazitlarin kayit altina alma gorevini de ustlenmislerdir. Soz konusu antik yazitlara dair kayitli Osmanli goruslerinin cesitliligi, yapilan transkripsiyonlar, bu yazitlarin zaman zaman berat sahibi Avrupalilarca goturulmeleri; metindeki ya da metnin kontekstindeki sorun, matbu baski ile birlikte gelen yazit yayininda olusan durumlar; epigrafik estampajlardan onceki yuzyillarda transkripsiyonu gerceklestirilen yazitlarda gorulen uydurmalar ve hatalara dair bazi ornekler dikkate alinmistir.
{"title":"On early antiquarians in Asia Minor to the start of the 19th century","authors":"T. Duggan","doi":"10.37095/GEPHYRA.505338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/GEPHYRA.505338","url":null,"abstract":"Bu yazi 1400 yilindan 1800 yilina kadarki donem ile, suphesiz baska isimler de mevcut olmak uzere, antik metinlerin transkripsiyonlarini da yapmis olan 60’tan fazla Avrupali’nin antik eserlere yonelik etkinliklerini kapsamaktadir. Hikâye ayrica, onlarin malzemeyi bulan ve zaman zaman da yazitlarin Kucuk Asya’dan goturulmesini saglayan aracilarini, Osmanli tanidiklarini, rehberlerini, koyluleri ve Yunan rahiplerini de icermektedir. Ayni zamanda, bununla baglantili olarak bu antika meraklilari tarafindan “mermer”, antik elyazmalari, madalyonlar-sikkeler, yazili degerli taslar ve diger yazili materyallerin toplanmasi da konuya dahil edilmistir. Bu malzemelerin bir kismi Kucuk Asya’dan alindiginda tasima esnasinda denizde kaybolurken, bazi antik yazitlar da hasar gormus, Avrupa’daki savaslar esnasinda kaybolmus ya da yok edilmistir. Yazitlara iliskin en erken calismalar Ciriaco de Pizzicolli’nin 15. yuzyildaki transkripsiyonlari ve Pierre Belon tarafindan 1546-9 yillari arasinda yapilan birkac yazit transkripsiyonudur. Fakat Avrupali akademisyenler Kucuk Asya’daki gunumuze ulasan antik epigrafik belgelerin onemini, Agria (Eger) Piskopos’u Antonius Verantius’un Res Gestae Divi Augusti transkripsiyonu, ayni yazitin 1555 yilinda Busbecq’in Ankara’daki hizmetkârlari tarafindan yapilan kopyasinin yayilmasi ve bunun 1579 yilindan itibaren surekli yayimlanmasi sonrasinda kavramislardir. 17. yuzyilin baslarindan itibaren sayisi gittikce artan Avrupali antika meraklilari, buyuk kismi Troas, Ege’nin kiyi bolgeleri ve Kucuk Asya’nin temel ticaret yollari boyunca gorulebilen yazitlarin kayit altina alma gorevini de ustlenmislerdir. Soz konusu antik yazitlara dair kayitli Osmanli goruslerinin cesitliligi, yapilan transkripsiyonlar, bu yazitlarin zaman zaman berat sahibi Avrupalilarca goturulmeleri; metindeki ya da metnin kontekstindeki sorun, matbu baski ile birlikte gelen yazit yayininda olusan durumlar; epigrafik estampajlardan onceki yuzyillarda transkripsiyonu gerceklestirilen yazitlarda gorulen uydurmalar ve hatalara dair bazi ornekler dikkate alinmistir.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78671443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rome in the North","authors":"H. Kloft","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.537835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.537835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87683875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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