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Stereotyping and vilifying the other behind the mask of humour – when a chicken smells of fear 在幽默的面具下对他人进行刻板印象和诋毁——当一只鸡闻到恐惧的味道时
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.4.701
Rashid Yahiaoui
Audiovisual texts are social semiotic constructions that arbitrate reality according to a set of discursive patterns and established beliefs. Therefore, it is natural for translators to re-create and manipulate audiovisual texts to overcome challenges pertaining to religion, culture, and politics, which are the three intrinsic determinants of positioning in any translation project. Leaning on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a methodological approach, this paper aims to investigate how stereotypes and disparagement humour about Arabs and Muslims are dealt with in translating a segment from Family Guy into Arabic. The focus of the paper is on examining ideology-related shifts, and how and to what degree the students manipulated or mitigated religio-cultural barriers, as well as on assessing the role of visuals in the decision-making process. The students’ translations denote the inextricable intertwining of their authoritative voices and the act of translation, that is, some students consciously attempted to expose the writers’ intentions, while others subverted the text as a protective and resistive measure against the anti-Islamic, racist, sexual humour of the show.
视听文本是一种社会符号学结构,它根据一套话语模式和既定信念来仲裁现实。因此,为了克服宗教、文化和政治方面的挑战,译者自然会对视听文本进行再创作和操作,这是任何翻译项目定位的三个内在决定因素。本文以批评性话语分析(CDA)为方法论,旨在探讨在将《恶搞之家》中的一段翻译成阿拉伯语时,对阿拉伯人和穆斯林的刻板印象和贬抑幽默是如何处理的。本文的重点是研究与意识形态相关的转变,以及学生如何以及在多大程度上操纵或减轻宗教文化障碍,以及评估视觉在决策过程中的作用。学生们的翻译表明了他们的权威声音和翻译行为之间不可分割的交织,也就是说,一些学生有意识地试图揭露作者的意图,而另一些学生则颠覆文本,作为对节目中反伊斯兰、种族主义和性幽默的保护和抵抗措施。
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引用次数: 0
Avant-garde humour as ideological supplement 前卫幽默作为意识形态补充
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.663
Alejandro Romero-Reche
In 1939, when the Spanish civil war had recently ended, avant-garde humorists Miguel Mihura and Tono published an absurdist propaganda ‘novel’, María de la Hoz [María of the Sickle], about the republican zone during the conflict. Unlike other Francoist propaganda pieces of the time, it did not focus on the violence or the alleged moral degeneracy of the ‘reds’ but rather on what its authors perceived as the absurdity of egalitarianism and the progressive ideals. The novel, while not contradicting the emerging official ideology, conspicuously overlooked some of its key tenets, particularly those related to nationalism, Catholicism and Franco’s leadership. This article contextualises María de la Hoz in the development process of Spanish avant-garde humour and in Francoist propaganda fiction during and immediately after the civil war in order to analyse the ideological stance it represented and, potentially, reinforced. As a political piece, the book seems to convey the position of an affluent middle class who did not enthusiastically believe in Francoism but preferred it to the republican alternative, caricatured as a communist regime by nationalist propaganda.
1939年,西班牙内战刚刚结束,先锋幽默作家米格尔·米胡拉和托诺出版了一部荒诞派宣传“小说”《镰刀的玛丽亚》,讲述了冲突期间的共和国地区。与当时的其他法语宣传片不同,它没有关注“红色”的暴力或所谓的道德堕落,而是关注其作者所认为的平等主义和进步理想的荒谬。这部小说虽然没有与新兴的官方意识形态相矛盾,但明显忽视了其中的一些关键原则,尤其是与民族主义、天主教和佛朗哥领导层有关的原则。本文将玛丽亚·德拉霍兹置于西班牙先锋幽默的发展过程中,以及内战期间和内战后的法语宣传小说中,以分析其所代表的意识形态立场,并可能得到加强。作为一篇政治文章,这本书似乎传达了富裕中产阶级的立场,他们并不热衷于信奉法语,但更喜欢法语,而不是被民族主义宣传讽刺为共产主义政权的共和党。
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引用次数: 0
Travel-related humour and COVID-19 与旅行相关的幽默和COVID-19
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.659
Anja Pabel, Maja Turnšek
This study aims to provide an overview of humorous travel-related memes shared during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 80 Internet memes were content analysed for emergent themes. The findings reveal three major themes: playful aggression, making fun of one’s longing for travel, and making fun of new travel realities. The identified themes were linked to the existing literature to better understand the memes being studied. The analysis of memes provides a methodologically agile way to study conditions that may otherwise be overlooked, e.g., peoples’ travel-related desires and concerns while in lockdown. 
本研究旨在概述COVID-19大流行期间分享的幽默旅行相关表情包。共有80个网络模因被分析为新兴主题。调查结果揭示了三个主要主题:好玩的攻击性,取笑自己对旅行的渴望,以及取笑新的旅行现实。确定的主题与现有文献相关联,以更好地理解正在研究的模因。模因分析提供了一种方法上灵活的方法来研究可能被忽视的情况,例如,人们在封锁期间与旅行相关的愿望和担忧。
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引用次数: 0
Irony in fashion memes 时尚表情包中的讽刺
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.676
Kristina Stankevičiūtė
The practice of fashion memes is a rather fresh exercise on the fashion scene, and it has been enjoyed by both the audiences and the brands. Fashion media have turned their attention to the phenomenon as well, addressing its scope, authorship and function from various angles. Scholarly research of the field is very scarce, though. The article seeks to contribute to the emerging field of fashion meme research by analysing a Lithuanian author of original fashion memes, a self-proclaimed fashion critic the Pink Poodle – an imaginary social media personality active on Facebook and Instagram platforms. The subjects of Pink Poodle memes are objects of media photographs from local and global public events (such as the Presidential Inauguration or an international cinema festival opening, Grammy Awards, Oscars) that demonstrate, from Poodle’s perspective, disagreements with fashion and/or aesthetics in general. The aim of the article is to reflect on the function of irony and sarcasm of the fashion meme as an instrument for fashion criticism, and the role of (visual) irony on the perception of fashion in the contemporary society. The text also addresses the role of independent fashion criticism that the practice of fashion meme creation seems to provide, and the function that this kind of intermediary between fashion and its audiences may perform.
时尚模因的实践在时尚界是一种相当新鲜的做法,受到了观众和品牌的欢迎。时尚媒体也开始关注这一现象,从不同的角度讨论它的范围、作者和功能。然而,该领域的学术研究非常少。这篇文章试图通过分析立陶宛原创时尚表情包作者、自称时尚评论家的粉红贵宾犬(Pink Poodle)——一个活跃在Facebook和Instagram平台上的虚构社交媒体人物,为时尚表情包研究的新兴领域做出贡献。粉色贵宾犬表情包的主题是当地和全球公共活动(如总统就职典礼或国际电影节开幕式,格莱美奖,奥斯卡奖)的媒体照片对象,从贵宾犬的角度来看,这些照片表明了与时尚和/或美学的分歧。本文的目的是反思时尚模因作为一种时尚批评工具的反讽和讽刺的功能,以及(视觉)反讽在当代社会对时尚的感知中的作用。本文还讨论了时尚模因创作的实践似乎提供的独立时尚批评的作用,以及这种时尚与其受众之间的中介可能发挥的功能。
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引用次数: 0
A supportive climate may protect well-being from negative humour events 支持性的氛围可以保护幸福感免受负面幽默事件的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.599
Ana Junça Silva, A. Caetano, R. Rueff Lopes
This study investigated: (a) the mediating role of affect between  humour events and well-being at work and (b) the moderating role of psychological work climate in the indirect relationship between humour events and well-being at work, via affect. The moderated mediation model was tested through a study with 93 full-time employees. We used regressions and bootstrapping analyses to test the moderated mediation model. The findings indicated a significant association between  humour events and well-being at work with affect as a mediator. Moreover, psychological work climate was found to significantly moderate the indirect relationship between  humour events and well-being at work via affect, such that it become stronger when individuals were in a positive psychological work climate. This paper adds considerable evidence of the relationship between humour-related events and their impact on individuals’ well-being. Psychological work climate strengthens the association between affect and well-being after humour events.  
本研究考察了情感在幽默事件与工作幸福感之间的中介作用,以及心理工作氛围通过情感在幽默事件与工作幸福感之间的间接关系中的调节作用。通过对93名全职员工的研究,对有调节的中介模型进行了检验。我们使用回归和自举分析来检验有调节的中介模型。研究结果表明,幽默事件和工作幸福感之间存在着显著的关联,情感是其中的中介。此外,我们还发现心理工作氛围通过情感显著调节幽默事件与工作幸福感之间的间接关系,当个体处于积极的心理工作氛围中时,这种关系变得更强。这篇论文为幽默相关事件及其对个人幸福感的影响之间的关系提供了大量证据。心理工作氛围加强了幽默事件后情绪与幸福感之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
An intercultural pragmatic approach to English-Russian and English-German renditions of the formulaic "That’s what she said"-punchline in telecinematic discourse 从跨文化语用角度解读英俄和英德对电视电影话语中“That’s she say”这句话的演绎
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.686
Monika Kirner-Ludwig, Aleksandra V. Soboleva
This paper takes an intercultural approach to identifying and discussing rendition strategies of one specific punchline recurrent in scripted telecinematic discourse: That’s what she said. While this formulaic punchline demonstrates a relatively high salience in the US, particularly in oral and scripted genres, it issues more than one challenge to translators seeking to render it for other speech communities in a manner that acknowledges and retains the source pattern’s complexity as a discursively triggered and formulaic pragmatic idiom. We shall focus here on two specific target cultures, i.e. the Russian and the German, in demonstrating the challenges that this complex and linguistically as well as cognitively multi-faceted formula poses for its appropriation into either cultural sphere. Our study is based on a self-compiled parallel dataset of context-embedded source occurrences of That’s what she said and their renditions into German and Russian, thus offering immediately contrastive insights into the rendition strategies that translators have been employing to interculturally transfer this highly evasive idiomatic formula from one speech community to others.
本文采用跨文化的方法来识别和讨论在剧本电视电影话语中反复出现的一个特定笑点的再现策略:这就是她所说的。虽然这句公式化的妙语在美国表现出相对较高的突出性,尤其是在口语和脚本文体中,但它对译者提出了不止一个挑战,他们试图以承认并保留源模式作为一种话语触发和公式化的语用习语的复杂性的方式为其他言语群体呈现它。在这里,我们将重点关注两种特定的目标文化,即俄语和德语,以展示这种复杂的、语言上以及认知上的多方面公式对其融入任何一种文化领域所带来的挑战。我们的研究基于一个自行编译的平行数据集,该数据集包含了她所说的That’s what的上下文嵌入源事件及其德语和俄语的翻译,从而为译者在跨文化地将这种高度回避的惯用语从一个语言群体转移到另一个语言社区时所采用的翻译策略提供了即时的对比见解。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of laughter yoga on working memory 大笑瑜伽对工作记忆的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.597
M. S. Rahman, Farida Binte Wali
A growing body of evidence suggests that there is a link between laughter and memory. However, no research has been done to show a link between simulated laughter (laughter yoga) and the enhancement of working memory. Because laughter has numerous benefits, we examined whether simulated laughter can improve healthy adults’ working memory (WM). A total of 30 participants (15 experimental and 15 control) were enrolled in this study. The research design was experimental and pretest-posttest with a control group. Participants in the laughter yoga intervention group had eight sessions twice a week for four weeks, whereas the control group received no intervention. We assessed all participants before and after laughter activity with the WM measures (Corsi Block Test and Digit Span). The laughter intervention programme focused on simulated laughter (laughter yoga) without relying on humour, jokes, or comedy. The results revealed a significant improvement in the memory of both visual and verbal WM performances in the experimental group after the intervention programme. In contrast, the study found no significant differences in the control group. Simulated laughter intervention is the easiest, practical, and cost-efficient method that seems to affect WM positively.
越来越多的证据表明,笑和记忆之间存在联系。然而,还没有研究表明模拟大笑(大笑瑜伽)与增强工作记忆之间的联系。因为笑有很多好处,我们研究了模拟笑是否能改善健康成年人的工作记忆。共有30名参与者(15名实验参与者和15名对照参与者)参与了这项研究。研究设计是实验性的,与对照组进行前测后测。大笑瑜伽干预组的参与者每周两次,共八次,持续四周,而对照组则没有接受干预。我们用WM测量(Corsi块测试和数字跨度)对所有参与者在大笑活动前后进行了评估。笑干预计划专注于模拟笑(笑瑜伽),而不依赖幽默、笑话或喜剧。结果显示,干预方案后,实验组的视觉和言语WM表现记忆都有显著改善。相比之下,研究发现对照组没有显著差异。模拟笑声干预是最简单、实用、成本效益高的方法,似乎对WM有积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Covidly humorous memes Covidly幽默模因
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.688
Mohamed Mifdal
The analysis of memes posted on Moroccan Facebook pages during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic shows that the use of humour by Moroccans is not only motivated by achieving mirth but it also vehicles critical views about issues of common concern debated in the digital public sphere. Some of these memes were used to cope with fear and uncertainty. However, most memes harboured mixed feelings about the situation and were used for social control and the expression of conflict and resistance, addressing issues of behaviour, governance and communication. This article uses a social semiotic approach to analyse the collected memes (460 from personal and communal pages) as a multimodal discourse in terms of context, culture, and media affordances. This article contends that the study of these memes can be a key to understanding how Moroccans used humour to cope with danger and radical uncertainty, build identification and strengthen social cohesion. It also highlights the polyvocality of humour in times of the pandemic and the gradual shift from inclusive, conformist and sympathetic humour to disparaging, exclusive and challenging humour as the pandemic lingered, consensus began to crack, social control was challenged and injunctive norms were replaced by survival values. The results show how these memes are indicative of the way humour changes mechanisms and functions in terms of contingent motivations. 
对新冠肺炎第一波疫情期间摩洛哥脸书页面上发布的模因的分析表明,摩洛哥人使用幽默不仅是为了获得欢乐,而且还传播了对数字公共领域辩论的共同关注问题的批评观点。其中一些模因被用来应对恐惧和不确定性。然而,大多数模因对这种情况怀有复杂的感情,并被用于社会控制以及冲突和抵抗的表达,涉及行为、治理和沟通问题。本文采用社会符号学方法,从语境、文化和媒体可供性的角度,将收集到的模因(460个来自个人和公共页面)作为一种多模式话语进行分析。本文认为,对这些模因的研究可以成为理解摩洛哥人如何利用幽默来应对危险和激进的不确定性、建立认同感和加强社会凝聚力的关键。它还强调了在疫情期间幽默的多元性,以及随着疫情的持续,共识开始破裂,社会控制受到挑战,禁令规范被生存价值观取代,从包容、顺从和同情的幽默逐渐转变为轻蔑、排外和富有挑战性的幽默。研究结果表明,这些模因是如何指示幽默在偶然动机方面改变机制和功能的。
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引用次数: 0
“E is for Ernest who choked on a peach” " E是被桃子噎住的欧内斯特"
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.665
Nikola Novaković
In Edward Gorey’s numerous scenes of breakfasts, lunches, dinners, and afternoon teas, food and drink often feature with more or less prominence and are sometimes even found in the titles of his books, such as in The Fatal Lozenge (1960) or The Unknown Vegetable (1995). Their seemingly innocent appearance is often tied to violence or death: a head is discovered in a breadbox, a woman murders her husband by lacing his tea with atropine, a boy dies of exposure after being punished for “splashing his soup”, and several characters are consumed by more or less fantastic creatures. And yet, throughout all such gruesome events, Gorey’s characteristically playful and absurd humour adds levity to scenes of food-related death, misery, downfall, and even murder. Whether much attention is drawn to such events (such as in The Unknown Vegetable, where the entire story revolves around the discovery of a giant turnip-like vegetable that leads to a woman being buried alive) or whether they are merely mentioned in offhanded comments, Gorey couches them in a frame of the ridiculous and the nonsensical. It is therefore the aim of this paper to explore how Gorey achieves this curious combination of the grotesque and the humorous in scenes revolving around food, and how this approach extends to a general confusion of tone in his darkly funny, seriocomic creations in which any manner of horror may be lurking in peaches, cakes, crackers, boiled turnips, a recipe for fudge, a family picnic, or under a haunted tea cosy.
在爱德华·戈里的早餐、午餐、晚餐和下午茶的众多场景中,食物和饮料往往或多或少地引人注目,有时甚至出现在他的书的标题中,如《致命的含片》(1960年)或《未知的蔬菜》(1995年)。他们看似无辜的外表往往与暴力或死亡有关:在面包盒中发现了一个头,一名女子在丈夫的茶里加阿托品后谋杀了丈夫,一名男孩因“泼汤”而受到惩罚后死于暴露,几个角色或多或少被神奇的生物吞噬。然而,在所有这些可怕的事件中,戈里特有的顽皮和荒谬的幽默为与食物有关的死亡、痛苦、堕落甚至谋杀的场景增添了轻松。无论人们对这些事件的关注程度如何(比如在《未知的蔬菜》中,整个故事都围绕着一种巨大的萝卜状蔬菜的发现,这种蔬菜导致一名妇女被活埋),还是仅仅在随意的评论中提到了这些事件,戈里都将其置于荒谬和荒谬的框架中。因此,本文的目的是探索戈里是如何在围绕食物的场景中实现这种怪诞和幽默的奇怪结合的,以及这种方法是如何在他黑色幽默、系列化的创作中延伸到普遍的音调混乱的,在这些创作中,任何形式的恐怖都可能潜伏在桃子、蛋糕、饼干、煮萝卜、软糖配方、家庭野餐,或者在闹鬼的茶室里。
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引用次数: 0
The humour factor 幽默因素
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.3.652
Matilde Eiroa
This article analyses the social reaction to Francisco Franco’s exhumation from his burial place in the Valley of the Fallen at the end of 2019. This decision was taken by virtue of compliance with the so-called Historical Memory Law approved in 2007 and generated a great social debate. Apart from opinions in favour and against that decision coming from the political spectrum of the left and right, respectively, we observed a new attitude, that of humour, present in tweets and memes. By analyzing a collection of memes that circulated in Twitter and WhatsApp groups, our research shows that the new media have brought in content and symbolism that ridicule the late dictator, trivialise the treatment given to the “Caudillo” [Leader] of Spain for nearly four decades and contribute to an uninhibited interpretation of memory policies.  
本文分析了2019年底弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥在堕落谷墓地被挖掘的社会反应。这一决定是根据2007年批准的所谓《历史记忆法》做出的,并引发了巨大的社会争论。除了分别来自左翼和右翼政治光谱的赞成和反对这一决定的意见外,我们观察到推特和模因中出现了一种新的态度,即幽默。通过分析推特和WhatsApp群组中流传的一组模因,我们的研究表明,新媒体引入了嘲笑已故独裁者的内容和象征意义,淡化了近四十年来西班牙“Caudillo”(领导人)受到的待遇,并有助于对记忆政策进行无拘无束的解释。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Humour Research
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