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Spotting Acronyms and Initialisms with the Help of Informatics 在信息学的帮助下发现缩略语和首字母
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0025
Attila Imre
Abstract The growing popularity of streaming services has led to innumerable audiovisual material available for the audience. As movies, documentaries, or TV shows are part of the entertainment industry, they aim at reaching viewers worldwide with the help of dubbed and subtitled versions. Our aim is to collect the acronyms used in the transcripts/subtitles of several American political TV shows (24, Designated Survivor, House of Cards, and The West Wing) and analyse their translated versions into Hungarian. However, the strenuous activity of opening each subtitle file one by one and browsing through them to spot and collect the acronyms and initialisms would result in countless mouse clicks. Hence, a specific software (SRT Manager) was designed to speed up the process. As the majority of definitions regarding acronyms and initialisms focus on the fact that they result from the combination of at least two capital letters, once the software gets the input (multiple subtitle files of entire seasons), it provides all the consecutive two- or more capital letter instances (with or without periods) found in the raw data, such as AA or A.A. Further statistical data (the source file of each instance, counting all unique values and numbering occurrences, and adding sample lines from the subtitle) also saves a lot of time and energy, as it can easily be exported to spreadsheet programs for further data analysis.
流媒体服务的日益普及,为观众提供了无数的视听材料。由于电影、纪录片或电视节目都是娱乐产业的一部分,它们的目标是通过配音和字幕版本吸引全球观众。我们的目标是收集几部美国政治电视节目(《24小时》、《指定幸存者》、《纸牌屋》和《白宫风云》)的字幕中使用的首字母缩略词,并分析它们的匈牙利语翻译版本。但是,一个一个地打开每个字幕文件,通过浏览来发现和收集缩略词和首字母的繁重活动会导致无数次鼠标点击。因此,设计了一个特定的软件(SRT Manager)来加速这个过程。由于大多数关于首字母缩写和首字母缩写的定义都关注于它们至少由两个大写字母组合而成的事实,一旦软件获得输入(整个季节的多个字幕文件),它就会提供原始数据中发现的所有连续的两个或更多大写字母实例(带或不带句号),例如AA或a.a。进一步的统计数据(每个实例的源文件,计算所有唯一值并编号出现次数,从副标题中添加样行也节省了大量的时间和精力,因为它可以很容易地导出到电子表格程序中进行进一步的数据分析。
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引用次数: 0
The Metaphor of Light – Perspectives on Conceptual Metaphors 光的隐喻——概念隐喻的透视
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0027
M. Damian
Abstract The language of perception, regarded from the perspective of the sensory modality principle, is common to all humans within similar cultural backgrounds. Its conceptualization, from a semantic standpoint is, however, language-specific. With this view in mind, the prime objective of this study is to investigate, from a cognitive linguistic perspective, various kinds of visual properties experienced in connection with the perceptual metaphor of LIGHT. Its cultural and emotional dimensions will be approached as an integrative part of the context provided by Anthony Doerr’s novel All the Light We Cannot See (2014). The present investigation attempts to shed “light” upon the potential embodiment of meaning assigned to the metaphors of perception in a twofold, intrafield (Matisoff 1978, Evans & Wilkins 2000) and transfield standpoint. The conceptualization of the metaphor of light is observed in a contextualized approach of a single language (English), its secondary objective being that of providing the basis for a larger cross-linguistic investigation of similar matters on English–Romanian corpora.
从感觉情态原理的角度来看,感知语言是在相似文化背景下的所有人类所共有的。然而,从语义的角度来看,它的概念化是特定于语言的。基于这一观点,本研究的主要目的是从认知语言学的角度探讨与光的感知隐喻相关的各种视觉特性。它的文化和情感维度将作为安东尼·多尔的小说《所有我们看不见的光》(2014)所提供的背景的一个组成部分来探讨。本研究试图从内场(Matisoff 1978, Evans & Wilkins 2000)和跨场的双重观点来“阐明”赋予感知隐喻的意义的潜在体现。光隐喻的概念化是在一种单一语言(英语)的语境化方法中观察到的,其次要目标是为在英语-罗马尼亚语料库中对类似问题进行更大的跨语言调查提供基础。
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引用次数: 0
On the Importance of Raising Collocational Awareness in Translation Practices 论提高搭配意识在翻译实践中的重要性
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0014
T. Nagy
Abstract The knowledge of medium-strength and field-specific collocations is a prerequisite for sounding native-like and as such an essential skill to have for future translators. While students are usually familiar with the use of idioms and fixed expressions, they may struggle with recognizing and also producing collocations, especially the ones they do not encounter with enough frequency. They may tend to overuse certain common word combinations and often create constructions through false analogy that result in unnatural sounding language. In order to acquire collocations, students need to notice them first – noticing, either incidental or guided, is considered to be an essential step in this process. After presenting some of the factors that hinder the accidental noticing of collocations, which also motivates the necessity for the teacher’s guidance, the paper gives examples of exercises that can help to draw students’ attention to collocations. An important objective is to raise students’ collocational awareness and also to motivate them to use resources that allow the noticing of collocations (collocation dictionaries, electronic databases, electronic corpora). A task-based approach as understood by Ellis (2003) combined with the theoretical considerations of the lexical approach (Lewis 1993) can be suitable for this purpose; the exercises presented are based on general and also semi-specialized texts and target students studying translation and working with the Hungarian–English language combination.
中等强度和特定领域的搭配知识是发音像母语一样的先决条件,也是未来翻译人员必须具备的基本技能。虽然学生们通常熟悉习语和固定表达的使用,但他们可能很难识别和创造搭配,尤其是那些他们遇到的频率不够高的搭配。他们可能会过度使用某些常见的单词组合,并经常通过错误的类比创造结构,导致语言听起来不自然。为了获得搭配,学生需要首先注意到它们——注意,无论是偶然的还是引导的,都被认为是这个过程中必不可少的一步。在阐述了阻碍搭配偶然注意的一些因素,也激发了教师指导的必要性之后,本文给出了有助于吸引学生注意搭配的例子。一个重要的目标是提高学生的搭配意识,并激励他们使用可以注意搭配的资源(搭配词典、电子数据库、电子语料库)。Ellis(2003)所理解的基于任务的方法与词汇方法(Lewis 1993)的理论考虑相结合,可以适用于这一目的;所提出的练习是基于一般和半专业文本和目标学生学习翻译和工作与匈牙利语和英语的语言组合。
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引用次数: 0
Teacher Trainees’ Vision of Their Future English Classes 实习教师对未来英语课堂的展望
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0026
Zsuzsanna Dégi, Á. Balla
Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing body of literature focusing on teacher identity and teacher beliefs, which are key aspects in understanding classroom processes. While there is an increasing number of studies regarding the identity and beliefs of practising teachers, studies on trainees are rare, and studies aiming to compare and contrast different learning environments are even less frequent. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ways in which different socio-cultural contexts influence student teachers’ vision of their future professional identity and that of their future ideal lessons. Our participants are English-language teacher trainees from Szeged (Hungary) and Miercurea Ciuc (Romania). At the time of the data collection, they had not yet started their methodology courses or their teaching practice. As the first step of a longitudinal study, they were asked to create a visual image of their ideal future lesson by drawing or making a collage. Also, they were asked to supplement their images with a written explanation. The results indicate that pre-service teachers have very specific ideas about their ideal lessons, and their images reflect plenty of details and a great variety of different aspects.
近年来,越来越多的文献关注教师身份和教师信念,这是理解课堂过程的关键方面。虽然关于在职教师身份和信仰的研究越来越多,但对受训者的研究却很少,而针对不同学习环境进行比较和对比的研究就更少了。本研究的目的是探讨不同社会文化背景对学生教师未来职业认同和未来理想课程愿景的影响。我们的参与者是来自塞格德(匈牙利)和米尔库雷(罗马尼亚)的英语教师培训生。在数据收集时,他们还没有开始他们的方法论课程或教学实践。作为纵向研究的第一步,他们被要求通过绘画或拼贴画来创造他们理想的未来课程的视觉形象。此外,他们还被要求用书面解释补充他们的图片。结果表明,职前教师对自己的理想课程有非常具体的想法,他们的形象反映了大量的细节和不同的方面。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Study on Speaking Assessment Rubrics in Trinity and Cambridge Language Certificates 三一和剑桥语言证书口语评价标准的比较研究
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0015
Lucia Fraga-Viñas, M. Bobadilla-Pérez
Abstract The European Council has been instrumental in the standardization of language competence levels and certifications with the guidelines provided in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) published in 2001 and later reviewed in 2020 with the Companion Volume with New Descriptors (CEFRCV). Cambridge Assessment English and Trinity College are two of the highest regarded institutions at the international level that grant their language certificates following the language competence levels provided by the CEFR. For this reason, the current study is grounded on the conviction that those certificates should meet certain principles of the Framework as a form of guarantee that they are assessing the CEFR level correctly. In particular, this paper focuses on the speaking skill and the rubrics of assessment used by the two aforementioned institutions. The rubrics of Trinity and Cambridge for the assessment of the oral production at the B2 CEFR level were considered for the purposes of this study – in particular, the rubrics that assess the oral production in the Integrated Skills in English (ISE-II) exam and in the First Certificate in English (B2 First). With a qualitative document research approach, this study analyses these rubrics in order to determine to what extent they respect the criteria established by the CEFR.
欧洲理事会在语言能力水平和认证的标准化方面发挥了重要作用,2001年出版的《欧洲共同语言参考框架》(CEFR)提供了指导方针,随后在2020年通过《新描述符配套卷》(CEFRCV)进行了审查。剑桥评估英语和三一学院是国际上最受尊敬的两个机构,根据CEFR提供的语言能力水平授予语言证书。因此,目前的研究是基于这样一种信念,即这些证书应符合《框架》的某些原则,作为它们正确评估CEFR水平的一种保证形式。本文特别关注上述两所院校的口语技能和评估标准。为了本研究的目的,我们考虑了三一学院和剑桥大学用于评估B2 CEFR水平口语表达能力的标准,特别是评估英语综合技能(ISE-II)考试和英语第一证书(B2 First)口语表达能力的标准。采用定性文献研究方法,本研究分析了这些规则,以确定它们在多大程度上尊重CEFR建立的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Power Structures in După gâşte (After Geese) by Lucian Dan Teodorovici 杜普鲁·丹·特奥多罗维奇(Lucian Dan Teodorovici)的《杜普鲁·格<e:1> <e:1>(鹅之后)》中的权力结构
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0004
Zsuzsa Tapodi, Ingrid Tomonicska
Abstract The distribution of power is present at all levels of our existence: race, religion, ethnicity, culture, military level, politics, and economics The power structures have never been based on equality because there is always a person or a group that wants to impose his/her/their view upon others The present study follows these balances at multiple levels: from the point of view of the macro- (societal) and the micro- (individual/private) sphere, but also from the perspective of ethnicity and gender as they are represented in După gâşte (After Geese) by Lucian Dan Teodorovici The main stream of the short story has a rather simplistic pretext – the theft of some geese by the Gypsies in a Romanian village –, which masterly introduces us to the problem of power structures
权力的分配存在于我们存在的各个层面:种族、宗教、民族、文化、军事、政治和经济。权力结构从来都不是建立在平等的基础上的,因为总是有一个人或一个团体想把他/她/他们的观点强加给别人。本研究遵循了这些平衡在多个层面上:从宏观(社会)和微观(个人/私人)领域的角度来看,也从种族和性别的角度来看,就像卢西安·丹·特奥多罗维奇(Lucian Dan Teodorovici)在《鹅之后》中所表现的那样,这个短篇故事的主流有一个相当简单的借口——罗马尼亚村庄里吉普赛人偷了一些鹅——巧妙地向我们介绍了权力结构的问题
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引用次数: 0
“The City of the Magyar:” On Julia Pardoe’s Travel Writing “马扎尔人之城:”论朱莉娅·帕多的旅行写作
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0001
Borbála Bökös
Abstract Julia Pardoe, an English poet and historian, was among the first travel writers who described Hungary’s institutions and contributed to the shaping up of the nineteenth-century British image of Hungary In her book The City of the Magyar or Hungary and Her Institutions (1840), she thoroughly reported her experiences and observations regarding a country that, although being part of East-Central Europe, had not stirred the interest of the British public Pardoe’s narrative contravenes the patriarchal ideology of travel writing as well as the act of travelling per se as masculine preoccupations, while, in my view, it seeks to negotiate the gender norms of her age by adopting an equally acceptable colonialist perspective as well as a conventionally feminine, a gentlewoman’s narrative perspective on the page By making use of Andrew Hammond’s theory of “imagined colonialism,” I shall demonstrate that Pardoe’s text can be interpreted as a negotiation between the conflicting demands of the discourse of female travel writing and of colonialism In discussing Pardoe’s travel account, I am also interested in the (rhetoric) ways in which the female traveller formulates her observations on Hungarian landscapes, people, and culture as civilized or less civilized – according to her own British national ideals and class norms Pardoe’s portrayal of Hungarian otherness served to raise the curiosity as well as the sympathy of the British towards a nation that was in need of and ready for progress/reform in the years before the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 1
英国诗人、历史学家朱莉娅·帕多(Julia Pardoe)是最早描述匈牙利制度的旅行作家之一,对19世纪英国人对匈牙利形象的塑造做出了贡献。在她的著作《马扎尔人之城或匈牙利及其制度》(1840)中,她详尽地描述了她对匈牙利的经历和观察,尽管匈牙利是中东欧的一部分,并没有激起英国公众的兴趣,Pardoe的叙述违背了旅行写作的父权意识形态,也违背了旅行本身是男性的关注,然而,在我看来,它试图通过采用同样可接受的殖民主义视角,以及传统的女性视角,一种绅士女性的叙事视角,来与她那个时代的性别规范进行谈判,通过使用安德鲁·哈蒙德的“想象殖民主义”理论,我将证明Pardoe的文本可以被解释为女性旅行写作和殖民主义话语的冲突需求之间的协商在讨论Pardoe的旅行记录时,我也对女性旅行者表达她对匈牙利风景,人民,以及文明或不文明的文化——根据她自己的英国民族理想和阶级规范,帕多对匈牙利异类的描绘激起了英国人的好奇和同情,因为在1848年匈牙利革命之前的几年里,匈牙利需要并准备好进行进步/改革
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引用次数: 0
From Linguistic Landscape to Semiotic Assemblages in a Local Market 从语言景观到地方市场的符号组合
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0016
Enikő Biró
Abstract Landscape can be seen as a set of signs, landscape is foreground rather than background, and signs are semiotic items rather than just forms of public signage (Pennycook 2021), therefore the present research moves away from the traditional, text-centred approach of landscape analysis in order to examine not only the linguistic signs but the non-linguistic elements as artefacts, which take place in the brand identity construction of a local small and medium-sized enterprise (SME). The article argues that these elements as assembling artefacts become parts of semiotic assemblages inhabiting the space and represent a key feature of brand identity construction with a focus on the commodification of languages, cultures, and identities. The data consist of observation notes, photographs, and interviews obtained from an ethnographic fieldwork in Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. The analysis presents a case study based on the concept of semiotic assemblages. The assemblage of linguistic and other resources, such as the smell of smoked meat products, the tune of Szekler folk songs, together with assembling artefacts such as sausages and other Szekler products attract customers to participate in meaning making. The effects generated by an assemblage have the ability to make something happen, in our case attract customers to SMEs.
景观可以被看作是一组标志,景观是前景而不是背景,标志是符号学项目,而不仅仅是公共标志的形式(Pennycook 2021),因此,目前的研究远离了传统的、以文本为中心的景观分析方法,不仅要检查语言标志,还要检查作为人工制品的非语言元素,这发生在当地中小企业(SME)的品牌识别建设中。文章认为,这些作为组装人工制品的元素成为居住在空间中的符号学组合的一部分,并代表了品牌识别构建的关键特征,重点是语言,文化和身份的商品化。数据包括观察笔记、照片和访谈,这些都是在罗马尼亚的sfntu Gheorghe进行的民族志田野调查中获得的。分析提出了一个基于符号组合概念的案例研究。语言和其他资源的组合,如烟熏肉制品的气味,塞克勒民歌的曲调,再加上组装的人工制品,如香肠和其他塞克勒产品,吸引顾客参与意义制造。集合产生的效应有能力使某些事情发生,在我们的案例中,吸引客户到中小企业。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Henry Innes MacAdam. Outlook and Insight: New Research and Reflections on Arthur Koestler’s The Gladiators 书评:亨利·英内斯·麦克亚当。展望与洞察:对阿瑟·库斯勒《角斗士》的新研究与反思
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0011
Zénó Vernyik
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引用次数: 0
Deutsch-jiddischer Sprachenkontakt in der Figurenrede des Romans Die Peschl von Otto Seidmann im Kontext des Czernowitzerischen der Zwischenkriegszeit 在#年和#年#月#日
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2022-0033
Ágota Nagy
Abstract The present paper analyses the German–Yiddish contact variety of the first chapter of the novel Die Peschl (1969) written by the Czernowitz-born author Otto Seidmann. The novel Die Peschl is written in German; however, the discourses and inner monologues of the main character, Gitl Peschl, as well as most of the dialogues with her appear in a German–Yiddish contact variety. My contact linguistic analysis identified 25 subtypes of transference from Yiddish in the inner monologues of Gitl Peschl in the first chapter of the novel. As a result, the German–Yiddish contact variety of the first chapter of the novel Die Peschl can be classified as code mixing, with congruent lexicalization as its subcategory. Congruent lexicalization is typically the case when the languages involved in language contact exhibit a high amount of grammatical and lexical similarities. According to literary historian Hartmut Merkt, Otto Seidmann’s texts stand in the tradition of sketch writings that aim to depict the everyday life and vernacular of the Bukovinians in the first half of the 20th century.
本文分析了切尔诺维茨出生的作家奥托·塞德曼的小说《Peschl》(1969)第一章的德语-意第绪语接触变化。小说《死亡》是用德语写的;然而,主人公吉特尔·佩舍尔的话语和内心独白,以及与她的大部分对话,都是以德语和意第绪语的联系形式出现的。我的接触语言学分析发现,在小说第一章中,吉特尔·佩斯彻的内心独白中,有25种意第绪语的移情亚型。因此,小说《Peschl》第一章的德语-意第绪语接触变体可以归类为语码混合,其子范畴为同同词汇化。词汇同构化是指语言接触中涉及的语言表现出大量的语法和词汇相似性的典型情况。根据文学历史学家Hartmut Merkt的说法,Otto Seidmann的文本遵循了素描作品的传统,旨在描绘20世纪上半叶布科维尼人的日常生活和方言。
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引用次数: 0
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