A. Paletto, E. Pieratti, S. Tamantini, J. Bersier, M. Romagnoli
The concept of “eco-innovation” has been increasingly used in environmental policy to analyze an innovation system taking into account social, ecological and economic pillars of sustainability. The aim of this study is to develop a set of eco-innovation indicators suitable to analyze the forest-wood chain at local level. The study was structured in three steps: literature review on eco-innovation indicators; defining a set of eco-innovation indicators suitable for the forestry sector; testing of eco-innovation indicators in a pilot area (Province of Trento, Italy). Eight indicators and sixteen sub-indicators suitable for the forestry sector were identified. The eco-innovation indicators were quantified using official statistics and new data collected by administering a questionnaire to 114 forest-wood chain actors. The results show an average efficiency of the timber processing and a medium-high level of enhancement of the wood residues generated by production process. Conversely, the level of collaboration between actors of forest-wood chain and institutional actors (universities, research institutes, R&D agencies) could be improved with the aim of increasing the diffusion of eco-innovation knowledge and information. The eco-innovation indicators developed by this study emphasize environmental impacts and negative externalities of innovation process in the forestry sector.
{"title":"Towards a comprehensive development of eco-innovation indicators in forestry sector: an application in the Italian Alps","authors":"A. Paletto, E. Pieratti, S. Tamantini, J. Bersier, M. Romagnoli","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2171","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of “eco-innovation” has been increasingly used in environmental policy to analyze an innovation system taking into account social, ecological and economic pillars of sustainability. The aim of this study is to develop a set of eco-innovation indicators suitable to analyze the forest-wood chain at local level. The study was structured in three steps: literature review on eco-innovation indicators; defining a set of eco-innovation indicators suitable for the forestry sector; testing of eco-innovation indicators in a pilot area (Province of Trento, Italy). Eight indicators and sixteen sub-indicators suitable for the forestry sector were identified. The eco-innovation indicators were quantified using official statistics and new data collected by administering a questionnaire to 114 forest-wood chain actors. The results show an average efficiency of the timber processing and a medium-high level of enhancement of the wood residues generated by production process. Conversely, the level of collaboration between actors of forest-wood chain and institutional actors (universities, research institutes, R&D agencies) could be improved with the aim of increasing the diffusion of eco-innovation knowledge and information. The eco-innovation indicators developed by this study emphasize environmental impacts and negative externalities of innovation process in the forestry sector.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66120968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Fagarazzi, E. Marone, M. Giovannini, F. Riccioli, I. Meo, A. Paletto, R. Fratini
In Italy, black pine has been largely used in reforestation projects in the past. Most of these reforestations are characterized by a high instability, vulnerability, and a limited resistance to atmospheric agents. In this situation, it is crucial to define silvicultural interventions able to increase the ecological stability of black pine stands and at the same time to guarantee the economic sustainability of the wood products obtained. Thinning in black pine forests can provide wood material for energy use. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the economic sustainability of a local wood-energy supply chain applying three different forest management options. The case study was Monte Morello forest, a degraded black pine forest located in Central Italy. The results show that the long-term economic sustainability of the wood-energy supply chain is ensured only when the use of bio-fuel is characterized by high energy efficiency. In addition, the results show that public contributions are fundamental to ensure that silvicultural interventions are realized with a positive economic balance and that to surmount this situation many loggings companies are organizing. Finally, the results highlighted the importance of the quantities of thermal energy sold to ensure the economic and environmental efficiency of the wood-energy supply chain.
{"title":"Thinning in black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold) forests: the economic sustainability of the wood-energy supply chain in a case study in Italy","authors":"C. Fagarazzi, E. Marone, M. Giovannini, F. Riccioli, I. Meo, A. Paletto, R. Fratini","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2142","url":null,"abstract":"In Italy, black pine has been largely used in reforestation projects in the past. Most of these reforestations are characterized by a high instability, vulnerability, and a limited resistance to atmospheric agents. In this situation, it is crucial to define silvicultural interventions able to increase the ecological stability of black pine stands and at the same time to guarantee the economic sustainability of the wood products obtained. Thinning in black pine forests can provide wood material for energy use. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the economic sustainability of a local wood-energy supply chain applying three different forest management options. The case study was Monte Morello forest, a degraded black pine forest located in Central Italy. The results show that the long-term economic sustainability of the wood-energy supply chain is ensured only when the use of bio-fuel is characterized by high energy efficiency. In addition, the results show that public contributions are fundamental to ensure that silvicultural interventions are realized with a positive economic balance and that to surmount this situation many loggings companies are organizing. Finally, the results highlighted the importance of the quantities of thermal energy sold to ensure the economic and environmental efficiency of the wood-energy supply chain.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48925570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brunetti, N. Macchioni, F. Grifoni, S. Lazzeri, L. Sozzi, A. Cutini
The present paper aims to implement the knowledge on sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) in Mediterranean area where, although present, for natural or anthropogenic causes, the species is rare. The focus is on two sessile oak stands in Tuscany (central Italy), classified as worthy of protection for their importance both in a local-national and European context. In addition to the environmental and stand structural characteristics, some technological properties of sessile oak wood grown there, comparing the obtained results to the bibliographic data were provided. The examined wood characteristics are anatomical parameters (growth ring thickness, earlywood and latewood thickness, fiber length, earlywood and latewood vessel diameter, amount of earlywood and latewood vessel) and the physical and mechanical parameters (density, modulus of elasticity, strength, hardness). No appreciable technological differences issued between the examined wood in the two stands and the wood from the same species, but from other Italian and French provenances, obtained from literature. Results highlighted, although managed as coppice in the past, the material is suitable for the reforestation of this endangered species in suitable areas, always taking into account that the quality of the wood is determined not only by the basic technological properties of a certain wood, but also, and mostly, by the growing conditions of the trees and particularly by the sylvicultural management of the stand.
{"title":"Stand structure and anatomical, physical and mechanical characterisation of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) wood from central Italy aged coppices.","authors":"M. Brunetti, N. Macchioni, F. Grifoni, S. Lazzeri, L. Sozzi, A. Cutini","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1672","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper aims to implement the knowledge on sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) in Mediterranean area where, although present, for natural or anthropogenic causes, the species is rare. The focus is on two sessile oak stands in Tuscany (central Italy), classified as worthy of protection for their importance both in a local-national and European context. In addition to the environmental and stand structural characteristics, some technological properties of sessile oak wood grown there, comparing the obtained results to the bibliographic data were provided. The examined wood characteristics are anatomical parameters (growth ring thickness, earlywood and latewood thickness, fiber length, earlywood and latewood vessel diameter, amount of earlywood and latewood vessel) and the physical and mechanical parameters (density, modulus of elasticity, strength, hardness). No appreciable technological differences issued between the examined wood in the two stands and the wood from the same species, but from other Italian and French provenances, obtained from literature. Results highlighted, although managed as coppice in the past, the material is suitable for the reforestation of this endangered species in suitable areas, always taking into account that the quality of the wood is determined not only by the basic technological properties of a certain wood, but also, and mostly, by the growing conditions of the trees and particularly by the sylvicultural management of the stand.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mishra, R. Meena, S. Pandey, R. Kant, M. Bhandari
Shorea robusta (Sal) Gaertn. F. a commercially and ecologically important forestry species of south Asia, is facing serious regeneration problem since last century. The continuously diminishing natural regeneration is associated with numerous abiotic and biotic factors, like edaphic, micro-climatic, physiological, genetic, anthropogenic, pathogens, insect-pests, etc. Following a good seed year and timely commencement of monsoon, Sal seeds germinate readily, and thousands of seedlings cover the forest floor. Subsequently, these get afflicted with die-back syndrome impeding shoot growth. Regular fire incidences during hot and dry season further aggravates the problem. Among biotic factors, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis , Cylindrocladium floridanum and Inonotus shoreae causes severe heartwood decay, blight and dieback leading to mortality. Moreover, over-exploitation, illegal felling, grazing, etc., have severely depleted the Sal forest. This review systematically explores the factors contributing to regeneration problem in S. robusta and opines appropriate silvicultural operations and management strategies for the conservation of Sal forests through SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. We emphasized on the ecological aspects, soil characteristics, micro-climatic factors and importance of associated species to develop sustainable management regimes. Highlighting all facets of Sal regeneration problem and SWOT assessment, we suggest comprehensive weaknesses and threat perceptions to formulate strategies to seal the gaps.
{"title":"A century old regeneration problem of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. in south Asia: SWOT analysis (Review)","authors":"G. Mishra, R. Meena, S. Pandey, R. Kant, M. Bhandari","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2131","url":null,"abstract":"Shorea robusta (Sal) Gaertn. F. a commercially and ecologically important forestry species of south Asia, is facing serious regeneration problem since last century. The continuously diminishing natural regeneration is associated with numerous abiotic and biotic factors, like edaphic, micro-climatic, physiological, genetic, anthropogenic, pathogens, insect-pests, etc. Following a good seed year and timely commencement of monsoon, Sal seeds germinate readily, and thousands of seedlings cover the forest floor. Subsequently, these get afflicted with die-back syndrome impeding shoot growth. Regular fire incidences during hot and dry season further aggravates the problem. Among biotic factors, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis , Cylindrocladium floridanum and Inonotus shoreae causes severe heartwood decay, blight and dieback leading to mortality. Moreover, over-exploitation, illegal felling, grazing, etc., have severely depleted the Sal forest. This review systematically explores the factors contributing to regeneration problem in S. robusta and opines appropriate silvicultural operations and management strategies for the conservation of Sal forests through SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. We emphasized on the ecological aspects, soil characteristics, micro-climatic factors and importance of associated species to develop sustainable management regimes. Highlighting all facets of Sal regeneration problem and SWOT assessment, we suggest comprehensive weaknesses and threat perceptions to formulate strategies to seal the gaps.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45832511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Chianucci, N. Puletti, M. Grotti, C. Bisaglia, F. Giannetti, E. Romano, M. Brambilla, W. Mattioli, Giovanna Cabassi, S. Bajocco, Linyuan Li, G. Chirici, P. Corona, C. Tattoni
Accurate estimates of canopy cover (CC) are central for a wide range of forestry studies. As direct measurements are impractical, indirect optical methods have often been used to estimate CC from the complement of gap fraction measurements obtained with restricted-view sensors. In this short note we evaluated the influence of the image pixel resolution (ground sampling distance; GSD) on CC estimation in poplar plantations obtained from field (cover photography; GSD < 1 cm), unmanned aerial (UAV; GSD <10 cm) and satellite (Sentinel-2; GSD = 10 m) imagery. The trial was conducted in poplar tree plantations in Northern Italy, with varying age and canopy cover. Results indicated that the coarser resolution available from satellite data is suitable to obtain estimates of canopy cover, as compared with field measurements obtained from cover photography; therefore, S2 isrecommended for larger scale monitoring and routine assessment of canopy cover in poplar plantations. The higher resolution of UAV compared with Sentinel-2 allows finer assessment of canopy structure, which could also be used for calibrating metrics obtained from coarser-scale remote sensing products, avoiding the need of ground measurements.
{"title":"Influence of image pixel resolution on canopy cover estimation in poplar plantations from field, aerial and satellite optical imagery","authors":"F. Chianucci, N. Puletti, M. Grotti, C. Bisaglia, F. Giannetti, E. Romano, M. Brambilla, W. Mattioli, Giovanna Cabassi, S. Bajocco, Linyuan Li, G. Chirici, P. Corona, C. Tattoni","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2074","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimates of canopy cover (CC) are central for a wide range of forestry studies. As direct measurements are impractical, indirect optical methods have often been used to estimate CC from the complement of gap fraction measurements obtained with restricted-view sensors. In this short note we evaluated the influence of the image pixel resolution (ground sampling distance; GSD) on CC estimation in poplar plantations obtained from field (cover photography; GSD < 1 cm), unmanned aerial (UAV; GSD <10 cm) and satellite (Sentinel-2; GSD = 10 m) imagery. The trial was conducted in poplar tree plantations in Northern Italy, with varying age and canopy cover. Results indicated that the coarser resolution available from satellite data is suitable to obtain estimates of canopy cover, as compared with field measurements obtained from cover photography; therefore, S2 isrecommended for larger scale monitoring and routine assessment of canopy cover in poplar plantations. The higher resolution of UAV compared with Sentinel-2 allows finer assessment of canopy structure, which could also be used for calibrating metrics obtained from coarser-scale remote sensing products, avoiding the need of ground measurements.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46649427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petrus Freddy Tawer, R. Maturbongs, Agustinus Murdjoko, M. Jitmau, D. A. Djitmau, R. Siburian, A. Ungirwalu, A. O. Wanma, Zulficar Mardiyadi, J. Wanma, Alexander Rumatora, Yahya Wolfram Mofu, A. Sineri, Marten Sepus Fatem, N. M. H. Benu, Relawan Kuswandi, Krisma Lekitoo, Lisna Kahyati, Junus Tambing
The tropical rainforest has a high level of biodiversity and plays an important role as a stable ecosystem. However, an anthropogenic disturbance took place in some parts of the tropical rainforest. The recovery of the disturbed forest is less scientifically understood. Therefore, this study aims to examine the recuperation process of vegetation in Fef, Tambrauw Regency, and West Papua, in Indonesia by comparing the composition of primary forest life forms as control of the natural, five-year disturbed, and seven-year disturbed forest. The results showed that the species diversity in the primary forest was not significantly different from the seven-year disturbed forest while the five-year disturbed forest was significantly different from the two types mentioned earlier. Moreover, the similarity index showed that the primary and seven-year disturbed forest were identical and both were different from the five-year disturbed forest. In addition, eight life forms were enumerated, viz. bamboo, climber, fern, herb, rattan, shrub, small tree, and large tree in which they were dynamic during the post-disturbance compared to primary forest. The residual forests should therefore be part of the intention of local people and government, in other not to exploit the forests by allowing the disturbed forests to recuperate naturally.
{"title":"Vegetation dynamic post-disturbance in tropical rain forest of Birds's Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia","authors":"Petrus Freddy Tawer, R. Maturbongs, Agustinus Murdjoko, M. Jitmau, D. A. Djitmau, R. Siburian, A. Ungirwalu, A. O. Wanma, Zulficar Mardiyadi, J. Wanma, Alexander Rumatora, Yahya Wolfram Mofu, A. Sineri, Marten Sepus Fatem, N. M. H. Benu, Relawan Kuswandi, Krisma Lekitoo, Lisna Kahyati, Junus Tambing","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2145","url":null,"abstract":"The tropical rainforest has a high level of biodiversity and plays an important role as a stable ecosystem. However, an anthropogenic disturbance took place in some parts of the tropical rainforest. The recovery of the disturbed forest is less scientifically understood. Therefore, this study aims to examine the recuperation process of vegetation in Fef, Tambrauw Regency, and West Papua, in Indonesia by comparing the composition of primary forest life forms as control of the natural, five-year disturbed, and seven-year disturbed forest. The results showed that the species diversity in the primary forest was not significantly different from the seven-year disturbed forest while the five-year disturbed forest was significantly different from the two types mentioned earlier. Moreover, the similarity index showed that the primary and seven-year disturbed forest were identical and both were different from the five-year disturbed forest. In addition, eight life forms were enumerated, viz. bamboo, climber, fern, herb, rattan, shrub, small tree, and large tree in which they were dynamic during the post-disturbance compared to primary forest. The residual forests should therefore be part of the intention of local people and government, in other not to exploit the forests by allowing the disturbed forests to recuperate naturally.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47682403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bergante, P. Chiarabaglio, A. Giorcelli, M. Marchi, M. Manetti, J. Fernández-Moya, I. Urbán-Martínez, F. Pelleri
Within the activity of the H2020 ‘WOODnat’ project (“ Second generation of planted hardwood forests in the European Union ”) the growth parameters, yield and sanitary conditions of the most important walnut ( Juglans spp.) plantations, established in Italy in the 1990s and in Spain starting from 1996, were recorded. One of the objectives of the project was to evaluate tree growth and stem quality to derive insight on the main environmental factors affecting the production of this valuable specie. An inventory of walnut plantations in the area of interest was necessary due to the relevance of this tree species in the EU timber market. In this paper the final dataset is presented and available with DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3769940. The database is finalized to narrow the knowledge gap between growers and processing industry with the aim to relaunching the market for this valuable species. Data were collected in the spring 2017 and winter 2017-2018 on 27 stands established in Northern Italy (Piemonte and Lombardia), on 51 stands in Central Italy (Toscana and Marche) and on 17 stands in Spain for a total of 95 plantations. In each plantation, general information was collected such as the planting layout, spacing, age, environment conditions as well as tree-level dendrometric data and phytosanitary information. The sampled stands have been georeferenced in WGS84 reference system (EPSG 4326). These data can be exploited to assess potential wood volume obtainable and quality of raw material, and to identify the weaknesses and errors, strengths and opportunities of the experiences conducted to plan future plantings with greater awareness.
{"title":"The GIS database of WOODnat project for the inventory and monitoring of walnut plantations in Italy and Spain","authors":"S. Bergante, P. Chiarabaglio, A. Giorcelli, M. Marchi, M. Manetti, J. Fernández-Moya, I. Urbán-Martínez, F. Pelleri","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2120","url":null,"abstract":"Within the activity of the H2020 ‘WOODnat’ project (“ Second generation of planted hardwood forests in the European Union ”) the growth parameters, yield and sanitary conditions of the most important walnut ( Juglans spp.) plantations, established in Italy in the 1990s and in Spain starting from 1996, were recorded. One of the objectives of the project was to evaluate tree growth and stem quality to derive insight on the main environmental factors affecting the production of this valuable specie. An inventory of walnut plantations in the area of interest was necessary due to the relevance of this tree species in the EU timber market. In this paper the final dataset is presented and available with DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3769940. The database is finalized to narrow the knowledge gap between growers and processing industry with the aim to relaunching the market for this valuable species. Data were collected in the spring 2017 and winter 2017-2018 on 27 stands established in Northern Italy (Piemonte and Lombardia), on 51 stands in Central Italy (Toscana and Marche) and on 17 stands in Spain for a total of 95 plantations. In each plantation, general information was collected such as the planting layout, spacing, age, environment conditions as well as tree-level dendrometric data and phytosanitary information. The sampled stands have been georeferenced in WGS84 reference system (EPSG 4326). These data can be exploited to assess potential wood volume obtainable and quality of raw material, and to identify the weaknesses and errors, strengths and opportunities of the experiences conducted to plan future plantings with greater awareness.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43053926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Floris, Michelina Pusceddu, Elia Raccimolo, A. Casula, G. Patteri, A. Satta
Hive thermoregulation is fundamental for the normal development of bee colonies and, consequently, hive productivity and honey bee health. External conditions mainly affect the walls of the hive. Therefore, hive construction materials and thermal conductivity features can influence its thermoregulation efficiency. The present trial made a comparison of experimental hives (modified Dadant-Blatt of 10 frames) made with cork as thermal insulator and conventional hives made entirely with firwood to evaluate their effects on thermoregulation of Apis mellifera ligustica colonies in Northwerstern Sardinia (Italy). The cork-modified beehives consisted of common conventional beehives modified by replacing the wooden walls with cork walls (pressed cork), whereas the control beehives (wooden hives) consisted of standard Dadant Blatt beehives entirely made of firwood. Environmental (especially nest internal temperature) parameters were assessed periodically. The daily temperature pattern of cork-modified beehives was more regular than that of control beehives. In addition, bees had a more efficient winter thermoregulation in cork-modified beehives compared with control hives.
{"title":"The use of cork in the thermoregulation of the hive: an innovation attempt to enhance non-wood products and beekeeping in Mediterranean forests","authors":"I. Floris, Michelina Pusceddu, Elia Raccimolo, A. Casula, G. Patteri, A. Satta","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2116","url":null,"abstract":"Hive thermoregulation is fundamental for the normal development of bee colonies and, consequently, hive productivity and honey bee health. External conditions mainly affect the walls of the hive. Therefore, hive construction materials and thermal conductivity features can influence its thermoregulation efficiency. The present trial made a comparison of experimental hives (modified Dadant-Blatt of 10 frames) made with cork as thermal insulator and conventional hives made entirely with firwood to evaluate their effects on thermoregulation of Apis mellifera ligustica colonies in Northwerstern Sardinia (Italy). The cork-modified beehives consisted of common conventional beehives modified by replacing the wooden walls with cork walls (pressed cork), whereas the control beehives (wooden hives) consisted of standard Dadant Blatt beehives entirely made of firwood. Environmental (especially nest internal temperature) parameters were assessed periodically. The daily temperature pattern of cork-modified beehives was more regular than that of control beehives. In addition, bees had a more efficient winter thermoregulation in cork-modified beehives compared with control hives.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47384456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, Hierarchical Factor Classification (HFC), an exploratory method of classification of characters is introduced, in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to show its advantages, in particular when dealing with time series. Exploratory data analysis may play a very relevant role in the understanding of the structure of a data set prior the use of statistical methods – as hypothesis testing and inference, and models. The study of tree-rings time series through exploratory methods may also take advantages, by allowing some interpretation to be further checked via a small number of statistical tests. In particular, while providing overall results close to those of PCA, HFC complements it, by providing a classification of the time-series and estimating a representative chronology for each group, common to the clustered ones. As case study, a data set is taken from literature, composed by five synchronous 79 years-long chronologies of Pinus pinea L., from five different populations scattered along the Tyrrhenian coast in peninsular Italy. HFC suggests how conveniently aggregate the chronologies, by showing similarities and differences between them, otherwise unnoticed, suggesting to limit the aggregation to three chronologies only.
{"title":"Hierarchical Factor Classification of Dendrochronological Time-Series","authors":"S. Camiz, F. Spada, J. Denimal, S. Piraino","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1968","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Hierarchical Factor Classification (HFC), an exploratory method of classification of characters is introduced, in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to show its advantages, in particular when dealing with time series. Exploratory data analysis may play a very relevant role in the understanding of the structure of a data set prior the use of statistical methods – as hypothesis testing and inference, and models. The study of tree-rings time series through exploratory methods may also take advantages, by allowing some interpretation to be further checked via a small number of statistical tests. In particular, while providing overall results close to those of PCA, HFC complements it, by providing a classification of the time-series and estimating a representative chronology for each group, common to the clustered ones. As case study, a data set is taken from literature, composed by five synchronous 79 years-long chronologies of Pinus pinea L., from five different populations scattered along the Tyrrhenian coast in peninsular Italy. HFC suggests how conveniently aggregate the chronologies, by showing similarities and differences between them, otherwise unnoticed, suggesting to limit the aggregation to three chronologies only.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"62-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44241283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Petris, R. Berretti, Elisa Guiot, F. Giannetti, R. Motta, E. Borgogno-Mondino
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Sentinel-2 (S2) as a tool for early detection and estimation of forest harvesting in the Piemonte Region, which can be used by the regional forest administration. The priority was the detection, at the regional scale, of annual forest cover changes with the following goals: i) mapping of irregular (in respect of the regional Forestry Regulation) forest cuts; ii) quantification of the intensity of the silvicultural interventions. Results are expected to support forest police controls. The proposed procedure is based on a supervised classification approach based on Random Forest algorithm. Accuracy of harvested areas detection proved to be high (overall accuracy 98%). Characterization of the occurred forest cuts was obtained computingthe local coefficient of variationof the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) after harvesting, that showed to be a good predictor of forest harvesting intensity.
{"title":"Detection And Characterization of Forest Harvesting In Piedmont Through Sentinel-2 Imagery: A Methodological Proposal","authors":"S. Petris, R. Berretti, Elisa Guiot, F. Giannetti, R. Motta, E. Borgogno-Mondino","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2018","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effectiveness of Sentinel-2 (S2) as a tool for early detection and estimation of forest harvesting in the Piemonte Region, which can be used by the regional forest administration. The priority was the detection, at the regional scale, of annual forest cover changes with the following goals: i) mapping of irregular (in respect of the regional Forestry Regulation) forest cuts; ii) quantification of the intensity of the silvicultural interventions. Results are expected to support forest police controls. The proposed procedure is based on a supervised classification approach based on Random Forest algorithm. Accuracy of harvested areas detection proved to be high (overall accuracy 98%). Characterization of the occurred forest cuts was obtained computingthe local coefficient of variationof the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) after harvesting, that showed to be a good predictor of forest harvesting intensity.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44666520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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