Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n3.80131
José Alfonso Cardona-Hincapié, D. Restrepo-Molina, J. López-Vargas
The trend with the most significant impact on food is currently clean labeling, and meat products are not exempt from it. This trend promotes the elimination of additives of inorganic origin and their replacement by natural ingredients in the formulation of products. In the present work, the effects of the total substitution of polyphosphate and vegetable protein for citric fiber and hydrolyzed pork collagen in chopped pork York ham, with an extension of 52.9% at the end of cooking, were evaluated to achieve clean labeling. Two treatments were performed with two types of brine, which had a citrus fiber A and a citrus fiber B as phosphate replacements. Additionally, as a vegetable protein replacement, the same hydrolyzed pork collagen was used for both treatments. Tumbler massaging was made to allow correcting protein extraction, then it was subjected to heat treatment by immersion in hot water at 80 °C. It was concluded that the ham made with citric fiber B and hydrolyzed pork collagen obtained better results in texture, syneresis, sensory analysis and cooking losses, with no significant differences with the standard.
{"title":"Effect of a total substitution of vegetable protein and phosphates on shrinkage by cooking and purging in chopped york ham","authors":"José Alfonso Cardona-Hincapié, D. Restrepo-Molina, J. López-Vargas","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n3.80131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n3.80131","url":null,"abstract":"The trend with the most significant impact on food is currently clean labeling, and meat products are not exempt from it. This trend promotes the elimination of additives of inorganic origin and their replacement by natural ingredients in the formulation of products. In the present work, the effects of the total substitution of polyphosphate and vegetable protein for citric fiber and hydrolyzed pork collagen in chopped pork York ham, with an extension of 52.9% at the end of cooking, were evaluated to achieve clean labeling. Two treatments were performed with two types of brine, which had a citrus fiber A and a citrus fiber B as phosphate replacements. Additionally, as a vegetable protein replacement, the same hydrolyzed pork collagen was used for both treatments. Tumbler massaging was made to allow correcting protein extraction, then it was subjected to heat treatment by immersion in hot water at 80 °C. It was concluded that the ham made with citric fiber B and hydrolyzed pork collagen obtained better results in texture, syneresis, sensory analysis and cooking losses, with no significant differences with the standard.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80637973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.79552
A. F. M. Silva, A. L. Giraldeli, Gustavo Assis da Silva, A. Albrecht, L. Albrecht, R. Victoria Filho
Metsulfuron is widely used for weed management; however, the residual effect on STS soybean cultivars is unknown. The objective of this work was to evaluate the residual effect of the herbicide metsulfuron on the BMX Garra RR2/STS and M 6410 IPRO (non-STS) soybean cultivars. The herbicide metsulfuron was applied at a rate of 2.4 g a.i. ha-1, in pre-planting of soybean plants. The design was completely randomized in a 2×5 factorial scheme with four replications (first factor: two soybean cultivars - STS and no-STS; second factor: five periods between metsulfuron application and soybean sowing - 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days). At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS), an emergency evaluation of the soybean seedlings was performed; at 28 DAS, height and dry mass of the shoot were evaluated. The height averages for the STS cultivar were higher than the values of the no-STS cultivar. The average dry mass of soybean plants was higher in the STS cultivar at 0, 15, and 30 days between application and sowing. No differences were observed between the cultivars for the periods of 45 and 60 days, for average dry mass. The BMX soybean cultivar Garra RR2/STS was potentially tolerant for the pre-sowing application of the herbicide metsulfuron. The cultivar of M 6410 IPRO (nonSTS) was affected in its initial development by the metsulfuron application during the pre-emergence stage; however, the 60-day metsulfuron application was safer, and therefore, it is recommended to perform the herbicide application in that interval.
{"title":"The residual effect of metsulfuron on soybean tolerant and non-tolerant to sulfonylureas","authors":"A. F. M. Silva, A. L. Giraldeli, Gustavo Assis da Silva, A. Albrecht, L. Albrecht, R. Victoria Filho","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.79552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.79552","url":null,"abstract":"Metsulfuron is widely used for weed management; however, the residual effect on STS soybean cultivars is unknown. The objective of this work was to evaluate the residual effect of the herbicide metsulfuron on the BMX Garra RR2/STS and M 6410 IPRO (non-STS) soybean cultivars. The herbicide metsulfuron was applied at a rate of 2.4 g a.i. ha-1, in pre-planting of soybean plants. The design was completely randomized in a 2×5 factorial scheme with four replications (first factor: two soybean cultivars - STS and no-STS; second factor: five periods between metsulfuron application and soybean sowing - 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days). At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS), an emergency evaluation of the soybean seedlings was performed; at 28 DAS, height and dry mass of the shoot were evaluated. The height averages for the STS cultivar were higher than the values of the no-STS cultivar. The average dry mass of soybean plants was higher in the STS cultivar at 0, 15, and 30 days between application and sowing. No differences were observed between the cultivars for the periods of 45 and 60 days, for average dry mass. The BMX soybean cultivar Garra RR2/STS was potentially tolerant for the pre-sowing application of the herbicide metsulfuron. The cultivar of M 6410 IPRO (nonSTS) was affected in its initial development by the metsulfuron application during the pre-emergence stage; however, the 60-day metsulfuron application was safer, and therefore, it is recommended to perform the herbicide application in that interval.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86639622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.82833
L. Ramírez, S. Orrego, Héctor I. Restrepo
The establishment of commercial forest plantations requires the selection of sites where reasonable profitability can be attained. A financial analysis was made for the identification of the most suitable areas for the establishment of new Pinus patula plantations in the central region of Antioquia, Colombia. The analysis was performed assuming basic silvicultural treatments at the establishment but no management during the entire rotation period. A volume yield data at the stand level was obtained from a previously fitted model that uses biophysical variables and stand density as predictors. The estimated stand volume, a detailed cash flow, and a derived stumpage price were combined to perform a financial analysis. The Land Expectation Value (LEV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) at the optimal rotation age, along with their spatial variation, were calculated in this study. Results suggest that the estimated volume and the current stumpage price are not sufficient to guarantee reasonable profitability for new timberland investments. While the LEV was negative, the IRR was in the range 4.1±1.5%, which is less than the discount rate of 6.8% used in the financial analysis. However, a positive LEV and an IRR at 8% would be achieved if forest productivity increases by 20% because of silvicultural practices or costs reduction in a similar proportion (obtaining IRRs up to 8.4%). Moreover, if the government provide subsidies, the IRR would increase up to 10.3% (without requiring an increase in productivity or a decrease in costs) on sites with high growth potential (mean annual increment greater than 16 m3 ha-1 year-1), and close to the mills (less than 45 km radii).
{"title":"Financial analysis of potential Pinus patula plantations in Antioquia, Colombia","authors":"L. Ramírez, S. Orrego, Héctor I. Restrepo","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.82833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.82833","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of commercial forest plantations requires the selection of sites where reasonable profitability can be attained. A financial analysis was made for the identification of the most suitable areas for the establishment of new Pinus patula plantations in the central region of Antioquia, Colombia. The analysis was performed assuming basic silvicultural treatments at the establishment but no management during the entire rotation period. A volume yield data at the stand level was obtained from a previously fitted model that uses biophysical variables and stand density as predictors. The estimated stand volume, a detailed cash flow, and a derived stumpage price were combined to perform a financial analysis. The Land Expectation Value (LEV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) at the optimal rotation age, along with their spatial variation, were calculated in this study. Results suggest that the estimated volume and the current stumpage price are not sufficient to guarantee reasonable profitability for new timberland investments. While the LEV was negative, the IRR was in the range 4.1±1.5%, which is less than the discount rate of 6.8% used in the financial analysis. However, a positive LEV and an IRR at 8% would be achieved if forest productivity increases by 20% because of silvicultural practices or costs reduction in a similar proportion (obtaining IRRs up to 8.4%). Moreover, if the government provide subsidies, the IRR would increase up to 10.3% (without requiring an increase in productivity or a decrease in costs) on sites with high growth potential (mean annual increment greater than 16 m3 ha-1 year-1), and close to the mills (less than 45 km radii).","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86736424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.80104
Lady Bohórquez-Sandoval, Francisco García-Molano, W. Murillo-Arango, Javier Cuervo-Bejarano, Nancy Pulido-Soler
Rumen content is a waste produced in slaughterhouses. This type of solid waste can cause bad odor and atmospheric pollution if discharged directly into the environment. Additionally, it may spread disease due to the nesting vectors, and the resulting leachate can lead to groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of rumen content, waste generated in the slaughterhouse of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca), as raw material for biological transformation into vermicompost at the Fertisoluciones facilities. The characteristics of the rumen content were analyzed, and during the transformation process, three volumetric capacities (T1: 5.94 m3, T2: 23.01 m3, and T3: 16.74 m3) of compost bed were evaluated for 105 days. Through a principal component analysis, the data was reduced in two dimensions that explained 65.8% of the total variance; the first component related to the number of juvenile individuals, high pH, low moisture and temperature; and the second component related to numbers of adults individuals and high temperatures. The earthworm growth rate was determined by the food quality, as well as by bed size. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were performed on the resulting vermicompost, demonstrating that the transformation process of rumen material into organic fertilizer, performed in Fertisoluciones facilities, fulfills the parameters required by the NTC5167 standard. This study showing the possibility of using a slaughterhouse’s solid waste and convert it into a valuable product to an industrial scale.
{"title":"Vermicomposting: a transformation alternative for rumen content generated in slaughterhouses","authors":"Lady Bohórquez-Sandoval, Francisco García-Molano, W. Murillo-Arango, Javier Cuervo-Bejarano, Nancy Pulido-Soler","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.80104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.80104","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen content is a waste produced in slaughterhouses. This type of solid waste can cause bad odor and atmospheric pollution if discharged directly into the environment. Additionally, it may spread disease due to the nesting vectors, and the resulting leachate can lead to groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of rumen content, waste generated in the slaughterhouse of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca), as raw material for biological transformation into vermicompost at the Fertisoluciones facilities. The characteristics of the rumen content were analyzed, and during the transformation process, three volumetric capacities (T1: 5.94 m3, T2: 23.01 m3, and T3: 16.74 m3) of compost bed were evaluated for 105 days. Through a principal component analysis, the data was reduced in two dimensions that explained 65.8% of the total variance; the first component related to the number of juvenile individuals, high pH, low moisture and temperature; and the second component related to numbers of adults individuals and high temperatures. The earthworm growth rate was determined by the food quality, as well as by bed size. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were performed on the resulting vermicompost, demonstrating that the transformation process of rumen material into organic fertilizer, performed in Fertisoluciones facilities, fulfills the parameters required by the NTC5167 standard. This study showing the possibility of using a slaughterhouse’s solid waste and convert it into a valuable product to an industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84954900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.81564
M. Martínez-Castaño, Diana Paola Mejía Díaz, J. Contreras‐Calderón, C. Gallardo Cabrera
The sustainable development of agro-industry requires the efficient use of all raw matters, which implies physicochemical and functional studies of by-products for finding their potential usage in industrial processes. The objective of the present study was to assess some physicochemical and functional properties of fIour obtained from the bean pod. Two types of drying methods were tested: convection and vacuum. The fIours tended to yellow color according to b* parameter values (convection drying: 17.54; vacuum drying: 18.35), with a slight red hue. They also showed high water-holding (convection drying: 8.30 g g-1; vacuum drying: 7.56 g g-1) and oil holding capacity (convection drying: 2.53 g g-1; vacuum drying: 2.56 g g-1), polyphenols content (convection drying: 26.62 mg GAE g-1 DW; vacuum drying: 3.77 mg GAE g-1 DW) and antioxidant capacity (convection drying: 33.42 µmol Trolox g-1; vacuum drying: 5.27 µmol Trolox g-1). The results were similar for the two types of drying methods, except for the antioxidant capacity. Since convection drying is more economical and available than vacuum drying, only the fIour obtained by convection method was analyzed on compositional and structural characteristics. This fIour showed to be a good source of dietary fiber (66.93%), being the insoluble fiber the predominant fraction (59.97%). Moreover, a high content of ash (6.65%) and low lipid content (0.58%) were also found. The IR spectrum showed signs corroborating the presence of dietary fiber, which also was evidenced morphologically. Overall, the results obtained indicated that the bean pod fIour obtained by convection drying has potential use as a raw material for the food industry.
{"title":"Physicochemical properties of bean pod (Phaseolus vulgaris) flour and its potential as a raw material for the food industry","authors":"M. Martínez-Castaño, Diana Paola Mejía Díaz, J. Contreras‐Calderón, C. Gallardo Cabrera","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.81564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.81564","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of agro-industry requires the efficient use of all raw matters, which implies physicochemical and functional studies of by-products for finding their potential usage in industrial processes. The objective of the present study was to assess some physicochemical and functional properties of fIour obtained from the bean pod. Two types of drying methods were tested: convection and vacuum. The fIours tended to yellow color according to b* parameter values (convection drying: 17.54; vacuum drying: 18.35), with a slight red hue. They also showed high water-holding (convection drying: 8.30 g g-1; vacuum drying: 7.56 g g-1) and oil holding capacity (convection drying: 2.53 g g-1; vacuum drying: 2.56 g g-1), polyphenols content (convection drying: 26.62 mg GAE g-1 DW; vacuum drying: 3.77 mg GAE g-1 DW) and antioxidant capacity (convection drying: 33.42 µmol Trolox g-1; vacuum drying: 5.27 µmol Trolox g-1). The results were similar for the two types of drying methods, except for the antioxidant capacity. Since convection drying is more economical and available than vacuum drying, only the fIour obtained by convection method was analyzed on compositional and structural characteristics. This fIour showed to be a good source of dietary fiber (66.93%), being the insoluble fiber the predominant fraction (59.97%). Moreover, a high content of ash (6.65%) and low lipid content (0.58%) were also found. The IR spectrum showed signs corroborating the presence of dietary fiber, which also was evidenced morphologically. Overall, the results obtained indicated that the bean pod fIour obtained by convection drying has potential use as a raw material for the food industry.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72911693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.75588
Álvaro Tamayo-Vélez, G. E. Santana-Fonseca, M. Blair, Carolina Ortiz-Muñoz
The objective of this research was to evaluate genotypes of iron- and zinc-enriched common beans during breeding in producers’ farms. Yield, disease reaction, and commercial grain characteristics were evaluated to achieve this objective. In three locations of Antioquia (Rionegro, Jardín, and Betulia), seven bush beans and eight climbing bean genotypes were planted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in each location. There were significant differences between the bush and climbing bean genotypes that were evaluated. The highest yields, in all locations, were for the biofortified bean NUA 45 and the control variety Uribe Rosado, followed by the CAL 96 and AFR 612 genotypes. For the climbing beans, the highest yields were found in the G2333 genotypes, being this treatment equal to the MAC 27, a bean that is adapted to mid-climate and altitudes. The MAC 27 material is presented as a promising variety because of its high yields and tolerance to diseases, mainly anthracnose.
{"title":"Agronomic evaluation of biofortified beans in Antioquia producers’ farms","authors":"Álvaro Tamayo-Vélez, G. E. Santana-Fonseca, M. Blair, Carolina Ortiz-Muñoz","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.75588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.75588","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate genotypes of iron- and zinc-enriched common beans during breeding in producers’ farms. Yield, disease reaction, and commercial grain characteristics were evaluated to achieve this objective. In three locations of Antioquia (Rionegro, Jardín, and Betulia), seven bush beans and eight climbing bean genotypes were planted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in each location. There were significant differences between the bush and climbing bean genotypes that were evaluated. The highest yields, in all locations, were for the biofortified bean NUA 45 and the control variety Uribe Rosado, followed by the CAL 96 and AFR 612 genotypes. For the climbing beans, the highest yields were found in the G2333 genotypes, being this treatment equal to the MAC 27, a bean that is adapted to mid-climate and altitudes. The MAC 27 material is presented as a promising variety because of its high yields and tolerance to diseases, mainly anthracnose.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76175692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.82169
D. Barrios, Fernando José Restrepo-Escobar, M. Cerón-Muñoz
The adoption of adequate technologies is essential to improve the performance of different kinds of companies. Although there is literature related to the adoption of technology in dairy agribusiness in developed countries, information about it is scarce in developing countries. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with the adoption of technology by dairy agribusiness. A structural analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the internal variables of Antioquia province farms, Colombia, and their technology adoption process. This process was explained by two factors: production-related variables and management-dependent traits. The variables resulting in the greatest impact were pasture improvement, genetics, administration, and technical procedures.
{"title":"Factors associated with the technology adoption in dairy agribusiness","authors":"D. Barrios, Fernando José Restrepo-Escobar, M. Cerón-Muñoz","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.82169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.82169","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of adequate technologies is essential to improve the performance of different kinds of companies. Although there is literature related to the adoption of technology in dairy agribusiness in developed countries, information about it is scarce in developing countries. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with the adoption of technology by dairy agribusiness. A structural analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the internal variables of Antioquia province farms, Colombia, and their technology adoption process. This process was explained by two factors: production-related variables and management-dependent traits. The variables resulting in the greatest impact were pasture improvement, genetics, administration, and technical procedures.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82719323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77806
Z. Fellahi, A. Hannachi, H. Bouzerzour
This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.
{"title":"Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations","authors":"Z. Fellahi, A. Hannachi, H. Bouzerzour","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77806","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78125418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.81729
Paola Vanessa Sierra-Baquero, Edgar Herney Varón-Devia, Lucimar Gomes-Dias, Buenaventura Monje-Andrade
Mango is a tropical fruit with great production and market worldwide. In Colombia, it is an important crop with high export potential. There are many arthropods affecting mango production, such as thrips that feed on leaves, flowers, and small fruits, causing damage such as deformations, scars, and premature fall of fruits. This study aimed to establish the economic injury level (EIL) of Frankliniella cf. gardenia Moulton in mango (Mangifera indica L. var. yulima and var. tommy) in Guamo and San Luis (Tolima, Colombia). The methods employed included a weekly sampling of thrips in mango inflorescences during two productive periods (B-2015 and B-2016) using the structure tapping technique in a deep tray with mesh. Three preliminary thresholds per productive period were established: [B-2015: ≥10 thrips per inflorescence (TpI), ≥30 TpI, and ≥60 TpI. B-2016: ≥5 TpI, ≥10 TpI, and ≥15 TpI]. The variables density, costs, and yield were recorded. The EIL was calculated statistically using linear regressions and the final action threshold was estimated. An EIL of 11 TpI and an action threshold of 7 TpI were estimated for var. tommy in Guamo in the second semester of 2016. There was a risk of losing 220 kg ha-1 for each increase in insect unit in var. tommy. Therefore, thrips in mango behaved as an occasional pest, requiring control in var. tommy in Guamo, when the crop is flowering, and the population exceeds the action threshold of 7 TpI.
芒果是一种热带水果，在世界范围内产量和市场都很大。在哥伦比亚，它是一种具有高出口潜力的重要作物。影响芒果生产的节肢动物有很多，比如以树叶、花朵和小果实为食的蓟马，它们会造成变形、疤痕和果实过早脱落等损害。本研究旨在建立Frankliniella c.f endenia Moulton对瓜莫和圣路易斯(哥伦比亚托利马)芒果(Mangifera indica L. var. yulima和var. tommy)的经济伤害水平(EIL)。所采用的方法包括在两个生产期(B-2015和B-2016)，使用带网的深盘结构轻拍技术，每周对芒果花序中的蓟马进行采样。每个生育期建立了三个初步阈值:[B-2015]:每花序≥10头、≥30头和≥60头。B-2016: TpI≥5,TpI≥10,TpI≥15]。记录了密度、成本和产量等变量。使用线性回归统计计算EIL，并估计最终动作阈值。2016年第二学期瓜莫县var. tommy的EIL为11 TpI，动作阈值为7 TpI。在var. tommy每增加一个昆虫单位，就有损失220 kg ha-1的风险。因此，芒果中的蓟马是一种偶发害虫，需要在瓜莫的不同时期进行控制，当作物开花时，数量超过7 TpI的作用阈值。
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Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77292
Diana Leidy Manrique Luna, Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera
Two studies were performed to establish the best defoliation frequency in Brachiaria decumbens using the number of leaves per tiller as a criterion. In the first study, 3,500 tillers with 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 leaves were collected in 10 farms. The number of green, senescent, and dead leaves was counted. A pooled sample of tillers by each farm with a given number of leaves was analyzed for nutritional quality; a complete randomized block design was used for this study. In a second study, it was implemented a complete ramdomized design with repeated measures over time (2 defoliations), and the effect of defoliating B. decumbens at 3, 4, or 5 leaves per tiller on its growth, dry matter yield, and nutritional quality were evaluated. In the first study, all leaves remained green until the tiller had 3 leaves. At the fourth leaf, few tillers (2.3%) had senescent leaves, but at 6 leaves, most tillers had senescent (40.6%) or dead (24.4%) leaves. Crude protein and digestibility decreased as the number of leaves in a tiller increased (P<0.001). In the second study, the rate of dry matter accumulation was the highest for plots defoliated at 4 leaves (P<0.05). Green stems (43.9%) represented a larger proportion of dry matter than green leaves (31.4%), and their proportions were similar among treatments. Crude protein and digestibility of stems decreased as the number of leaves per tiller increased (P<0.001), but the quality of leaves was similar. These findings suggest that these pastures should be defoliated at 4 leaves per tiller.
{"title":"Leaves per tiller as the criterion to determine optimum defoliation frequency in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens","authors":"Diana Leidy Manrique Luna, Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77292","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were performed to establish the best defoliation frequency in Brachiaria decumbens using the number of leaves per tiller as a criterion. In the first study, 3,500 tillers with 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 leaves were collected in 10 farms. The number of green, senescent, and dead leaves was counted. A pooled sample of tillers by each farm with a given number of leaves was analyzed for nutritional quality; a complete randomized block design was used for this study. In a second study, it was implemented a complete ramdomized design with repeated measures over time (2 defoliations), and the effect of defoliating B. decumbens at 3, 4, or 5 leaves per tiller on its growth, dry matter yield, and nutritional quality were evaluated. In the first study, all leaves remained green until the tiller had 3 leaves. At the fourth leaf, few tillers (2.3%) had senescent leaves, but at 6 leaves, most tillers had senescent (40.6%) or dead (24.4%) leaves. Crude protein and digestibility decreased as the number of leaves in a tiller increased (P<0.001). In the second study, the rate of dry matter accumulation was the highest for plots defoliated at 4 leaves (P<0.05). Green stems (43.9%) represented a larger proportion of dry matter than green leaves (31.4%), and their proportions were similar among treatments. Crude protein and digestibility of stems decreased as the number of leaves per tiller increased (P<0.001), but the quality of leaves was similar. These findings suggest that these pastures should be defoliated at 4 leaves per tiller.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77445263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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