Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Beitrag schlagen die Autoren einen neuen gebietstypologischen Ansatz für die Erforschung der Sprachkontakte anhand von einer vielsprachigen Region vor. Als solch eine Region gilt zweifellos die Bukowina, in der selbst “der Spiegelkarpfen in fünf Sprachen schwieg” (Rose Ausländer). Es wurde eine komplexe Methodik zur Analyse von deutschen Entlehnungen in verschiedenen Bezirken der Bukowina entwickelt, deren multikulturelle Bevölkerung in der Zeit der Österreich-Ungarischen Monarchie von der deutschen Sprache stark beeinflusst wurde. Die Untersuchungsmethodik basiert auf freien assoziativen Experimenten, die in der Nordbukowina, Deutschland und Österreich durchgeführt wurden. Die ermittelten Daten ermöglichten deutsche und ukrainische Entlehnungen in der ukrainischen und deutschen Sprache der Bukowiner sowie ihre territoralen Differenzen in der Nordbukowina zu analysieren sowie Relikte der Interferenzphänomene vom Bukowiner Deutsch außerhalb der Bukowina in Deutschland und Österreich zu bestimmen.
{"title":"Deutsch-ukrainische Sprachkontakte in der Bukowina","authors":"Halyna Senyk, Yuriy Kiyko","doi":"10.1515/glot-2021-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2021-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Beitrag schlagen die Autoren einen neuen gebietstypologischen Ansatz für die Erforschung der Sprachkontakte anhand von einer vielsprachigen Region vor. Als solch eine Region gilt zweifellos die Bukowina, in der selbst “der Spiegelkarpfen in fünf Sprachen schwieg” (Rose Ausländer). Es wurde eine komplexe Methodik zur Analyse von deutschen Entlehnungen in verschiedenen Bezirken der Bukowina entwickelt, deren multikulturelle Bevölkerung in der Zeit der Österreich-Ungarischen Monarchie von der deutschen Sprache stark beeinflusst wurde. Die Untersuchungsmethodik basiert auf freien assoziativen Experimenten, die in der Nordbukowina, Deutschland und Österreich durchgeführt wurden. Die ermittelten Daten ermöglichten deutsche und ukrainische Entlehnungen in der ukrainischen und deutschen Sprache der Bukowiner sowie ihre territoralen Differenzen in der Nordbukowina zu analysieren sowie Relikte der Interferenzphänomene vom Bukowiner Deutsch außerhalb der Bukowina in Deutschland und Österreich zu bestimmen.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"12 1","pages":"199 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41716999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Connections between the units of the mental lexicon store information as complex networks, where nodes represent words. With the emergence of network science characteristics of this mental network can be quantified. Present paper investigates the network structure of the mental lexicon of a non-Indo-European language, Hungarian, using a word association database which collected word association data online. The data is examined with statistical measures of networks: path length and degree centrality are calculated. Comparing the network characteristics of the database to the English South Florida Word Association Database we found that both networks display similar characteristics. We show that the central elements of the two databases are the same words (5 out of 7) and that the most central element in the Hungarian database is money, regardless the used centrality measure. The Hungarian database possesses a single, highly connected core, which defines the network properties of the whole database. This connected core is responsible for the short paths inside the lexicon.
{"title":"Networks in the mental lexicon – contributions from Hungarian","authors":"László Kovács, Kata Orosz, P. Pollner","doi":"10.1515/glot-2021-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2021-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Connections between the units of the mental lexicon store information as complex networks, where nodes represent words. With the emergence of network science characteristics of this mental network can be quantified. Present paper investigates the network structure of the mental lexicon of a non-Indo-European language, Hungarian, using a word association database which collected word association data online. The data is examined with statistical measures of networks: path length and degree centrality are calculated. Comparing the network characteristics of the database to the English South Florida Word Association Database we found that both networks display similar characteristics. We show that the central elements of the two databases are the same words (5 out of 7) and that the most central element in the Hungarian database is money, regardless the used centrality measure. The Hungarian database possesses a single, highly connected core, which defines the network properties of the whole database. This connected core is responsible for the short paths inside the lexicon.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"12 1","pages":"107 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45098688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gunther De Vogelaer, Dietha Koster & Torsten Leuschner: German and Dutch in Contrast. Synchronic, Diachronic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives","authors":"Nicholas Catasso","doi":"10.1515/glot-2021-2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2021-2017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"13 1","pages":"97 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42043733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Die Grammatik in fachsprachlichen Texten unterscheidet sich – so die allgemein verbreitete Hypothese – von derjenigen in allgemeinsprachlichen Texten insbesondere durch die unterschiedliche Vorkommenshäufigkeit einzelner morphologischer oder syntaktischer Erscheinungen. In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Verben wie auch einzelne Verbarten und -formen in fachlichen Texten (hier: Dissertationen und Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) in einem geringeren Maße erscheinen als in allgemeinsprachlichen des öffentlichen Sprachgebrauchs (Nachrichten und World Wide Web). Aus diesen Ergebnissen werden Hypothesen für weitere Analysen generiert.
{"title":"Die Häufigkeit von Verben in fachlichen und öffentlichen Texten in deutscher Sprache","authors":"See-Young Cho, K. Parlar, T. Roelcke","doi":"10.1515/glot-2021-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2021-2016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Die Grammatik in fachsprachlichen Texten unterscheidet sich – so die allgemein verbreitete Hypothese – von derjenigen in allgemeinsprachlichen Texten insbesondere durch die unterschiedliche Vorkommenshäufigkeit einzelner morphologischer oder syntaktischer Erscheinungen. In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Verben wie auch einzelne Verbarten und -formen in fachlichen Texten (hier: Dissertationen und Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) in einem geringeren Maße erscheinen als in allgemeinsprachlichen des öffentlichen Sprachgebrauchs (Nachrichten und World Wide Web). Aus diesen Ergebnissen werden Hypothesen für weitere Analysen generiert.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"12 1","pages":"47 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43599095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The main focus of this paper is on language and communication as the central meaning generating mechanisms of culture. The paper aims to systematically and heuristically investigate the complex alliance of language, culture and communicational interaction and at the same time to introduce several new fields of research by critically discussing their topics and potentials. In this regard, the dilemma of the question if, how much and which theory is necessary nowadays at all shall be examined first; therefore, the After-theory-program will also be addressed. Followed selectively by an illustrating look into the research history about language and about culture resp. about culture and language (without losing sight of the psychological process of “thinking”) with examples from selected linguistic and closely related disciplines. It is before this background, that aspects of culture-sensitive linguistic approaches will be analytically focused on and new paradigms – the Anglo-American “culture linguistics”, the Russian-post-soviet “linguoculturology” and the German Studies originated specifically multilingualism-oriented “intercultural linguistics” — will be closely scrutinised, primarily from the perspective of German Linguistics.
{"title":"Das Beziehungsgeflecht zwischen Sprache und Kultur: Forschungsrückblick, Zugänge und Beschreibungstendenzen","authors":"C. Földes","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main focus of this paper is on language and communication as the central meaning generating mechanisms of culture. The paper aims to systematically and heuristically investigate the complex alliance of language, culture and communicational interaction and at the same time to introduce several new fields of research by critically discussing their topics and potentials. In this regard, the dilemma of the question if, how much and which theory is necessary nowadays at all shall be examined first; therefore, the After-theory-program will also be addressed. Followed selectively by an illustrating look into the research history about language and about culture resp. about culture and language (without losing sight of the psychological process of “thinking”) with examples from selected linguistic and closely related disciplines. It is before this background, that aspects of culture-sensitive linguistic approaches will be analytically focused on and new paradigms – the Anglo-American “culture linguistics”, the Russian-post-soviet “linguoculturology” and the German Studies originated specifically multilingualism-oriented “intercultural linguistics” — will be closely scrutinised, primarily from the perspective of German Linguistics.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"12 1","pages":"9 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper is mainly about a unique case of syntactic epistemic weakening, i.e. the present subjunctive mood and its negation trigger in surface coordination. In contrast to modern colloquial German, which limits the use of the present subjunctive quite restrictively to root clauses, the older periods of German, Old and Middle High German, showed an extended use of the subjunctive beyond root, i.e. also in dependent structures. However, the semantically interpreted as well as the grammatical subjunctive got entirely lost in Modern colloquial, albeit not quite in Standard written German. The focus of this paper is the discussion of mood in early complex (subordinated or coordinated) negated sentences. Exploiting mainly the MHG text of the Lay of the Nibelungs, we focus on negated matrix structures, in superficially coordinated, but semantically dependent clauses. This suggests that the ne-particle in co-construction with the subjunctive on the predicate was used to code clausal dependence from the previous (negated) clause. In further course, in specific semantic constructions, the original Middle High German interpretability of paratactic negation and the consequent denotation of non-factual situations were lost and gave way to the pure syntactic coding of dependency. The triangle of triggers contributing to the complex phenomenon consists of 1. negation of different sorts and in various syntactic distributions, 2. dependency marking, and 3. indicative–subjunctive marking on the dependent predicate. The attempt is made to draw comparisons to other epistemicity triggers such as syntactic and lexical nonveridicals.
{"title":"Mood alternation in German: Negation as a specific case of epistemic weakening","authors":"W. Abraham, Maiko Nishiwaki","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is mainly about a unique case of syntactic epistemic weakening, i.e. the present subjunctive mood and its negation trigger in surface coordination. In contrast to modern colloquial German, which limits the use of the present subjunctive quite restrictively to root clauses, the older periods of German, Old and Middle High German, showed an extended use of the subjunctive beyond root, i.e. also in dependent structures. However, the semantically interpreted as well as the grammatical subjunctive got entirely lost in Modern colloquial, albeit not quite in Standard written German. The focus of this paper is the discussion of mood in early complex (subordinated or coordinated) negated sentences. Exploiting mainly the MHG text of the Lay of the Nibelungs, we focus on negated matrix structures, in superficially coordinated, but semantically dependent clauses. This suggests that the ne-particle in co-construction with the subjunctive on the predicate was used to code clausal dependence from the previous (negated) clause. In further course, in specific semantic constructions, the original Middle High German interpretability of paratactic negation and the consequent denotation of non-factual situations were lost and gave way to the pure syntactic coding of dependency. The triangle of triggers contributing to the complex phenomenon consists of 1. negation of different sorts and in various syntactic distributions, 2. dependency marking, and 3. indicative–subjunctive marking on the dependent predicate. The attempt is made to draw comparisons to other epistemicity triggers such as syntactic and lexical nonveridicals.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"209 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43003551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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