Zusammenfassung In der deutschen Sprachreflexion des Barock und der Aufklärung wird der Terminus barbarisch zur Charakterisierung von einzelnen Sprachen und sprachlichen Erscheinungen in Geschichte und Gegenwart verwendet; der Wortgebrauch kombiniert dabei sowohl sachbezogene als auch bewertende Gesichtspunkte.
{"title":"„Barbarische“ Sprachen im deutschen Sprachdenken des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts","authors":"T. Roelcke","doi":"10.1515/glot-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung In der deutschen Sprachreflexion des Barock und der Aufklärung wird der Terminus barbarisch zur Charakterisierung von einzelnen Sprachen und sprachlichen Erscheinungen in Geschichte und Gegenwart verwendet; der Wortgebrauch kombiniert dabei sowohl sachbezogene als auch bewertende Gesichtspunkte.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2019-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in the field of evaluation, appraisal and stance. The bibliometric information of publications between 2000 and 2015 was retrieved from the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database. The indicators analyzed include the number of publications by year, most frequently explored topics, most cited works, major individual contributors, publication venues, distribution among countries/regions and institutions. Our findings showed that the annual publications increased dramatically, revealing an upward trend in this research field. The results concerning the most frequently addressed topics suggested that EAP has been a fruitful domain in terms of the evaluative dimension of discourse. Besides, future research will feature more discipline-specific and language-specific empirical studies and comparative cross-linguistic studies. Pedagogical applications of evaluation research also need to be explored. Citation results indicated that the groundbreaking monographs in this field generate the highest citation counts, and that the most cited works cover a variety of sub-fields of linguistics, which may further prove the heterogeneous nature of the evaluative dimension of language.
{"title":"Mapping Evaluation, Appraisal and Stance in Discourse (2000–2015): A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"Jing Li, L. Lei, Le Cheng","doi":"10.1515/glot-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in the field of evaluation, appraisal and stance. The bibliometric information of publications between 2000 and 2015 was retrieved from the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database. The indicators analyzed include the number of publications by year, most frequently explored topics, most cited works, major individual contributors, publication venues, distribution among countries/regions and institutions. Our findings showed that the annual publications increased dramatically, revealing an upward trend in this research field. The results concerning the most frequently addressed topics suggested that EAP has been a fruitful domain in terms of the evaluative dimension of discourse. Besides, future research will feature more discipline-specific and language-specific empirical studies and comparative cross-linguistic studies. Pedagogical applications of evaluation research also need to be explored. Citation results indicated that the groundbreaking monographs in this field generate the highest citation counts, and that the most cited works cover a variety of sub-fields of linguistics, which may further prove the heterogeneous nature of the evaluative dimension of language.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2019-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46543220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Clancy (1989. Form and function in the acquisition of Korean wh-questions. Journal of Child Language, 16(2), 323–47) claims that the developmental order of wh-questions in first language acquisition follows the order: what = where
摘要Clancy（1989。韩语疑问句习得中的形式与功能。《儿童语言杂志》，16（2），323-47）声称，第一语言习得中wh问题的发展顺序如下：what = 其中<谁<如何=为什么<何时。福纳（1979。母亲作为LAD：父母投入的顺序和频率与子女生产之间的互动。A.Hastings&F.R.Eckman（编辑），《第一语言和第二语言习得研究》（第17-44页）。Newbury House Publishers）进一步认为，母亲提出wh问题的顺序可能会受到她对孩子认知发展的假设的影响。同样，图画书的目标年龄也可能反映出成年人对孩子认知发展的假设。因此，本研究调查了日本图画书语料库，以确定wh词的出现顺序是否反映了克兰西的发展顺序。因此，图画书中日语wh词的出现与克兰西（1989）的相似。韩语疑问句习得中的形式与功能。《儿童语言杂志》，16（2），323-47），除了“如何”这个问题。由于dou和英语中的“how”有不同的含义范围，因此对数据进行了重新分析，得出了与克兰西更相似的顺序。这些结果表明，图画书的目标年龄反映了成年人对儿童认知发展的假设。图画书也可能影响照顾者介绍wh单词的顺序。总之，本研究表明，图画书等外部社会因素以及其他因素可能会影响儿童的wh发展顺序。
{"title":"A Picture-Book Based Corpus Study on the Acquisition of wh-words in Japanese","authors":"Natsue Ito, K. Tamaoka, Michael P. Mansbridge","doi":"10.1515/glot-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Clancy (1989. Form and function in the acquisition of Korean wh-questions. Journal of Child Language, 16(2), 323–47) claims that the developmental order of wh-questions in first language acquisition follows the order: what = where<who<how=why<when. Forner (1979. The mother as LAD: interaction between order and frequency of parental input and child production. In A. Hastings & F. R. Eckman (Eds.), Studies in first and second language acquisition (pp. 17–44). New York, NY: Newbury House Publishers) further argues that a mother’s order of introducing wh-questions might be influenced by her assumption of a child’s cognitive development. Similarly, the target age for picture books might also reflect an adult’s assumption of the child’s cognitive development. Accordingly, this study investigates a Japanese picture book corpus to determine whether the order of appearance for wh-words mirrors that of Clancy’s developmental order. As a result, the appearance of Japanese wh-words in the picture books were similar to Clancy’s (1989. Form and function in the acquisition of Korean wh-questions. Journal of Child Language, 16(2), 323–47) order except for the question dou ‘how’. Because dou and the English ‘how’ have different ranges of meaning, the data were reanalyzed which resulted in an order more similar to Clancy’s. These results suggest that the target age of picture books reflect the adult’s assumption of a child’s cognitive development. Picture books might also influence a caregivers’ order of introducing wh-words. In conclusion, this study implies external social factor such as picture books, together with other factors, might influence the children’s wh-developmental order.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2019-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Zerkina, O. Kisel, Yuliya Savinova, T. Zalavina, Natalya V. Kozhushkova, Tatyana Akhmetzyanova
Abstract This research is the first attempt to investigate the problem of the influence of social factors on the process of the name giving taking into account – its motives. The authors made an attempt to divide and systematize social factors of different character, describe their influence on the name giver. From the linguistic point of view, the authors describe in detail the process of changing the onym semantic structure under the influence of social factors. At the modern stage of the anthroponymics progress, the researchers described only social factors influencing name giving, however, their systematization has not been made. For detailed studying of the subject, a complex analysis was carried out, which includes such techniques as comparison, classification and evaluation. The research is relevant in the linguistic, social, national and cognitive aspects, as it demonstrates an interaction between language and society.
{"title":"Name Giving Process: Linguistic and Extralinguistic Challenges","authors":"N. Zerkina, O. Kisel, Yuliya Savinova, T. Zalavina, Natalya V. Kozhushkova, Tatyana Akhmetzyanova","doi":"10.1515/glot-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research is the first attempt to investigate the problem of the influence of social factors on the process of the name giving taking into account – its motives. The authors made an attempt to divide and systematize social factors of different character, describe their influence on the name giver. From the linguistic point of view, the authors describe in detail the process of changing the onym semantic structure under the influence of social factors. At the modern stage of the anthroponymics progress, the researchers described only social factors influencing name giving, however, their systematization has not been made. For detailed studying of the subject, a complex analysis was carried out, which includes such techniques as comparison, classification and evaluation. The research is relevant in the linguistic, social, national and cognitive aspects, as it demonstrates an interaction between language and society.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2018-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43064419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper focuses on analysing the use of adnominals in the selected fifteen sonnet authors of the 19th- and 20th-century Czech literature. The poets have been selected so as to represent the main literary schools of the period, the main criterion of their ranking being their dates of birth. The investigation treats both general trends (changing numbers of adnominals in various eras, the measure of ornamentality in particular authors), and specific, Czech-based issues (premodification and postmodification, attributes and genitives). The goal of the paper is threefold: first, there is an endeavour to determine some principles of the development of the sonnet tradition in the Czech literature; second, some micro-analyses of the poets are provided, including contrastive views of various writing tactics employed by them; and third, one way of measuring ornamentality has been sketched, as the tool may be of help in unearthing stylistic preferences of different authors. All counts and figures are accompanied with interpretations which may be further enriched by literary scholars.
{"title":"Five Ways of Investigating Adnominals in Czech Sonnets of the 19th and 20th Centuries","authors":"Michal Místecký","doi":"10.1515/glot-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper focuses on analysing the use of adnominals in the selected fifteen sonnet authors of the 19th- and 20th-century Czech literature. The poets have been selected so as to represent the main literary schools of the period, the main criterion of their ranking being their dates of birth. The investigation treats both general trends (changing numbers of adnominals in various eras, the measure of ornamentality in particular authors), and specific, Czech-based issues (premodification and postmodification, attributes and genitives). The goal of the paper is threefold: first, there is an endeavour to determine some principles of the development of the sonnet tradition in the Czech literature; second, some micro-analyses of the poets are provided, including contrastive views of various writing tactics employed by them; and third, one way of measuring ornamentality has been sketched, as the tool may be of help in unearthing stylistic preferences of different authors. All counts and figures are accompanied with interpretations which may be further enriched by literary scholars.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2018-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45327395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As researchers from different nationalities and disciplines collaborate in research projects with joint grants, science becomes more and more global. For conducting the research, project members from several different professional and national backgrounds work together on a daily basis using English as lingua franca (ELF). This results in a very heterogenic linguistic setting, influenced by several mother tongues and languages for specific purposes (LSPs). Systematic approaches have been neglected during the last years while LSP research moved more and more towards applied approaches working on concrete case studies. The present study follows an alternative approach. Applied linguistics and further development of systematic approaches shall here be seen as a circular flow. For instance, communication optimisation during a case study benefits from system-thinking and vice versa. How could the project language of a case study be structured and which long established classifications need to be revised based on these data? Is there a need for a new understanding of applied LSP research?
{"title":"Theoria Cum Praxi – Modeling Specialised Communication","authors":"K. Pelikan, Thorsten Roelcke","doi":"10.1515/glot-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As researchers from different nationalities and disciplines collaborate in research projects with joint grants, science becomes more and more global. For conducting the research, project members from several different professional and national backgrounds work together on a daily basis using English as lingua franca (ELF). This results in a very heterogenic linguistic setting, influenced by several mother tongues and languages for specific purposes (LSPs). Systematic approaches have been neglected during the last years while LSP research moved more and more towards applied approaches working on concrete case studies. The present study follows an alternative approach. Applied linguistics and further development of systematic approaches shall here be seen as a circular flow. For instance, communication optimisation during a case study benefits from system-thinking and vice versa. How could the project language of a case study be structured and which long established classifications need to be revised based on these data? Is there a need for a new understanding of applied LSP research?","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2018-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44594201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Heap’s Law https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=539986 Heaps, H S 1978 Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects (Academic Press). states that in a large enough text corpus, the number of types as a function of tokens grows as N=KMβN = K{M^beta } for some free parameters K,βK, beta . Much has been written http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/9/093033 Font-Clos, Francesc 2013 A scaling law beyond Zipf’s law and its relation to Heaps’ law (New Journal of Physics 15 093033)., http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/11/12/123015 Bernhardsson S, da Rocha L E C and Minnhagen P 2009 The meta book and size-dependent properties of written language (New Journal of Physics 11 123015)., http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/2011/07/P07013 Bernhardsson S, Ki Baek and Minnhagen 2011 A paradoxical property of the monkey book (Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Volume 2011)., http://milicka.cz/kestazeni/type-token_relation.pdf Milička, Jiří 2009 Type-token & Hapax-token Relation: A Combinatorial Model (Glottotheory. International Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 2 (1), 99–110)., https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00943 Petersen, Alexander 2012 Languages cool as they expand: Allometric scaling and the decreasing need for new words (Scientific Reports volume 2, Article number: 943). about how this result and various generalizations can be derived from Zipf’s Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0052442 Zipf, George 1949 Human behavior and the principle of least effort (Reading: Addison-Wesley). Here we derive from first principles a completely novel expression of the type-token curve and prove its superior accuracy on real text. This expression naturally generalizes to equally accurate estimates for counting hapaxes and higher nn-legomena.
堆的法律https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=539986堆，H S 1978信息检索:计算和理论方面(学术出版社)。在一个足够大的文本语料库中，类型的数量作为标记的函数增长为N= km - βN =K {M^beta}对于一些自由参数K，βK， beta。已经写了很多http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/9/093033 Font-Clos, Francesc 2013超越Zipf定律的标度定律及其与Heaps定律的关系(New Journal of Physics 15 093033)。， http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/11/12/123015 Bernhardsson S, da Rocha L E C和Minnhagen P 2009书面语言的元书和大小依赖特性(新物理杂志11 123015)。， http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/2011/07/P07013 Bernhardsson S, Ki Baek and Minnhagen 2011猴子书的悖论性质(Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Volume 2011)。， http://milicka.cz/kestazeni/type-token_relation.pdf mili ka, Jiří 2009 Type-token & Hapax-token关系:一个组合模型(Glottotheory)。国际语言学杂志2(1)，99-110。， https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00943 Petersen, Alexander 2012语言随着扩展而冷却:异速缩放和对新词的需求减少(科学报告第2卷，文章编号:943)。如何从齐夫定律推导出这个结果和各种推广。http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0052442乔治·齐夫1949人类行为与最省力原则(阅读:艾迪生-韦斯利)。本文从第一性原理推导出一种全新的类型符号曲线表达式，并证明了其在真实文本上的优越精度。这个表达式自然地推广到同样精确的估计，以计数hapax和更高的n-legomena。
{"title":"Types, Tokens, and Hapaxes: A New Heap’s Law","authors":"Victor Davis","doi":"10.1515/glot-2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heap’s Law https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=539986 Heaps, H S 1978 Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects (Academic Press). states that in a large enough text corpus, the number of types as a function of tokens grows as N=KMβN = K{M^beta } for some free parameters K,βK, beta . Much has been written http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/9/093033 Font-Clos, Francesc 2013 A scaling law beyond Zipf’s law and its relation to Heaps’ law (New Journal of Physics 15 093033)., http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/11/12/123015 Bernhardsson S, da Rocha L E C and Minnhagen P 2009 The meta book and size-dependent properties of written language (New Journal of Physics 11 123015)., http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/2011/07/P07013 Bernhardsson S, Ki Baek and Minnhagen 2011 A paradoxical property of the monkey book (Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Volume 2011)., http://milicka.cz/kestazeni/type-token_relation.pdf Milička, Jiří 2009 Type-token & Hapax-token Relation: A Combinatorial Model (Glottotheory. International Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 2 (1), 99–110)., https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00943 Petersen, Alexander 2012 Languages cool as they expand: Allometric scaling and the decreasing need for new words (Scientific Reports volume 2, Article number: 943). about how this result and various generalizations can be derived from Zipf’s Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0052442 Zipf, George 1949 Human behavior and the principle of least effort (Reading: Addison-Wesley). Here we derive from first principles a completely novel expression of the type-token curve and prove its superior accuracy on real text. This expression naturally generalizes to equally accurate estimates for counting hapaxes and higher nn-legomena.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2018-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45915710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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