Abstract The present study aims at investigating the impact of gender and being native and non-native on the use of hedging devices in the discussion part of Applied Linguistics research papers written by native English/non-native (Iranian) male and female research writers. To this end, 60 Applied Linguistic research papers (15 for each group of research writers) were investigated based on Salager-Meyer, Françoise. 1994. Hedges and textual communicative function in medical English written discourse. English for Specific Purposes 13(2). 149–170 taxonomy. The results of Chi-square analyses indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female research writers in terms of the frequency of use of hedging devices adopted in the discussion part of the research papers in the realm of Applied Linguistics. Moreover, the results of the study showed that the discussion parts of Applied Linguistics research papers written by male and female native English research writers were more hedged than those written by their Iranian counterparts. The pedagogical and implications of the findings are dealt with in the discussion and conclusion sections of the study.
{"title":"Hedging devices in applied linguistics research papers: Do gender and nativeness matter?","authors":"H. Weisi, Ahmad Asakereh","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aims at investigating the impact of gender and being native and non-native on the use of hedging devices in the discussion part of Applied Linguistics research papers written by native English/non-native (Iranian) male and female research writers. To this end, 60 Applied Linguistic research papers (15 for each group of research writers) were investigated based on Salager-Meyer, Françoise. 1994. Hedges and textual communicative function in medical English written discourse. English for Specific Purposes 13(2). 149–170 taxonomy. The results of Chi-square analyses indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female research writers in terms of the frequency of use of hedging devices adopted in the discussion part of the research papers in the realm of Applied Linguistics. Moreover, the results of the study showed that the discussion parts of Applied Linguistics research papers written by male and female native English research writers were more hedged than those written by their Iranian counterparts. The pedagogical and implications of the findings are dealt with in the discussion and conclusion sections of the study.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"12 1","pages":"71 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42192178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper focuses on the phonetic, morphological and semantic principles determining the grammatical gender of nouns in German. Based on the experiments we established the main trends in determining the gender of the German equivalents and interlingual homonyms and the role of the interlingual and intralingual interference in this process. The results of two experiments show that Ukrainian students take into consideration suffixes of German nouns when choosing the correct gender. Phonetic or semantic gender allocation rules play a subordinate role. The interlingual interference determinates the gender choice in the target language: the gender of the mother tongue lemma interferes the selection of the gender in the foreign language equivalent. This effect appears more frequently in interlingual homonyms than in translation equivalents. A plausible interpretation of these results could be: the lemmas of two similar nouns or translation equivalents share the same concepts, the relationship between them is rather close, and the competition between the two lemmas and their genus nodes is strong and influences language production. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that both languages, the mother tongue and the foreign one, can be activated during language producing.
{"title":"Genuszuweisungsstrategien im DaF-Unterricht","authors":"Svitlana Kiyko, Yuriy Kiyko","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on the phonetic, morphological and semantic principles determining the grammatical gender of nouns in German. Based on the experiments we established the main trends in determining the gender of the German equivalents and interlingual homonyms and the role of the interlingual and intralingual interference in this process. The results of two experiments show that Ukrainian students take into consideration suffixes of German nouns when choosing the correct gender. Phonetic or semantic gender allocation rules play a subordinate role. The interlingual interference determinates the gender choice in the target language: the gender of the mother tongue lemma interferes the selection of the gender in the foreign language equivalent. This effect appears more frequently in interlingual homonyms than in translation equivalents. A plausible interpretation of these results could be: the lemmas of two similar nouns or translation equivalents share the same concepts, the relationship between them is rather close, and the competition between the two lemmas and their genus nodes is strong and influences language production. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that both languages, the mother tongue and the foreign one, can be activated during language producing.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"169 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43290990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the mathematical model for the frequencies of occurrence of letters in the corpora, in the word types of the corpora and in the initial positions of words of the corpora while both the word tokens and word types have been taken into account. In the current study corpora written in American English have been used by the selection of the entities from ‘The Open American National Corpus (OANC)’.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the frequencies of letters for their occurrence in corpora, words (types) and in the initial positions of words of corpora","authors":"H. Pande","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the mathematical model for the frequencies of occurrence of letters in the corpora, in the word types of the corpora and in the initial positions of words of the corpora while both the word tokens and word types have been taken into account. In the current study corpora written in American English have been used by the selection of the entities from ‘The Open American National Corpus (OANC)’.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"12 1","pages":"57 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Der Beitrag fragt im Kern nach dem Sprachsubjektverständnis bei Searle. Mit einer geistphilosophisch grundierten Lesart wird der These nachgegangen, dass in Searles Ansatz eigentlich zwei Sprachsubjektverständnisse enthalten sind. Das offizielle Sprachsubjekt lässt sich aus der analogen Geist-Sprechakt-Beziehung ableiten und als eine Art botenmäßiges Subjekt fassen. Das inoffizielle, von Searle selbst nicht ausbuchstabierte Sprachsubjekt wäre demgegenüber ein körperlicher Sprecher. Dieses erscheint dabei als das eigentlich konsequentere und folgerichtigere Subjekt, wenn man die Prämissen von Searles ‚biologischem Naturalismus‘ ernst nimmt.
{"title":"Die zwei Sprachsubjekte Searles – Kritische Reflexionen über Searles geistfundierte Sprachtheorie","authors":"R. Niemann","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Der Beitrag fragt im Kern nach dem Sprachsubjektverständnis bei Searle. Mit einer geistphilosophisch grundierten Lesart wird der These nachgegangen, dass in Searles Ansatz eigentlich zwei Sprachsubjektverständnisse enthalten sind. Das offizielle Sprachsubjekt lässt sich aus der analogen Geist-Sprechakt-Beziehung ableiten und als eine Art botenmäßiges Subjekt fassen. Das inoffizielle, von Searle selbst nicht ausbuchstabierte Sprachsubjekt wäre demgegenüber ein körperlicher Sprecher. Dieses erscheint dabei als das eigentlich konsequentere und folgerichtigere Subjekt, wenn man die Prämissen von Searles ‚biologischem Naturalismus‘ ernst nimmt.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"137 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theories of language change have been the subject of linguistic debates for centuries. It is therefore once again important to discuss such theories and models from a qualitative as well as a quantitative point of view. For this reason, Glottotheory, as a magazine for the dialog between qualitative and quantitative linguistics, presents a thematic part on language change. Five contributions of different provenance are presented. The so-called Piotrowsky law is one of themost prominentmodels of linguistic change. Against this background, Kamil Stachowski (Cracow, Poland) discusses in Piotrowski-Altmann law. State of the art the history of the law, its several variants and applications, and some theoretical problems connected with it. Stachowsky concludes that the Piotrowsky law is in fact a group of psychological and sociological models. Under the title Language change and language evolution: Cousins, siblings, twins? Stefan Hartmann (Bamberg, Germany) argues that the partially synonymous use of the terms language change and language evolution can be explained by parallel developments both in historical linguistics and in the field of language evolution research. The article by Hartmann critically combines two approaches in particular (complex adaptive systems and construction grammar) into one integrated approach that seek to explain both language emergence and language change over historical time. Language change as a scientific construct of a probabilistically organized information system is the subject of the contribution of Eike U. Decker (Heidelberg, Germany). He discusses language change from an information and systems theoretical point of view. It is argued that human language must be regarded as a probabilistically organized information system in which synchronizations of the linguistic systems of individuals create unstable collective levels. Following Decker’s model, probabilistic organization of language processing on an individual level leads to probabilistic organization of language systems as a whole. Therefore, language change in its “classical sense” (a change in linguistic objects) must be reinterpreted as a change in probability distribution. In conclusion,
几个世纪以来，语言变化理论一直是语言学争论的主题。因此，再次从定性和定量的角度讨论这些理论和模型是很重要的。因此，《语言理论》作为一本质语言学与量语言学对话的杂志，呈现了语言变化的专题部分。给出了五种不同来源的贡献。所谓的Piotrowsky定律是语言变化最突出的模型之一。在此背景下，Kamil Stachowski(波兰克拉科夫)在Piotrowski-Altmann法中进行了讨论。法律的历史现状，它的几种变体和应用，以及与之相关的一些理论问题。斯塔科夫斯基总结说，皮奥托夫斯基定律实际上是一组心理学和社会学模型。《语言变化和语言进化:表亲、兄弟姐妹、双胞胎?》Stefan Hartmann (Bamberg, Germany)认为，语言变化和语言进化这两个术语的部分同义使用可以用历史语言学和语言进化研究领域的平行发展来解释。哈特曼的文章特别将两种方法(复杂适应系统和结构语法)批判性地结合为一种综合方法，试图解释语言的出现和历史时期的语言变化。语言变化作为一种概率组织信息系统的科学构造，是Eike U. Decker(海德堡，德国)贡献的主题。他从信息和系统理论的角度讨论了语言的变化。本文认为，人类语言必须被视为一个概率组织的信息系统，在这个系统中，个体语言系统的同步创造了不稳定的集体水平。按照德克尔的模型，个体层面的语言处理的概率组织导致语言系统作为一个整体的概率组织。因此，“经典意义”上的语言变化(语言对象的变化)必须重新解释为概率分布的变化。总之,
{"title":"Thematic part: Language change (Preface)","authors":"Thorsten Roelcke","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2001","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of language change have been the subject of linguistic debates for centuries. It is therefore once again important to discuss such theories and models from a qualitative as well as a quantitative point of view. For this reason, Glottotheory, as a magazine for the dialog between qualitative and quantitative linguistics, presents a thematic part on language change. Five contributions of different provenance are presented. The so-called Piotrowsky law is one of themost prominentmodels of linguistic change. Against this background, Kamil Stachowski (Cracow, Poland) discusses in Piotrowski-Altmann law. State of the art the history of the law, its several variants and applications, and some theoretical problems connected with it. Stachowsky concludes that the Piotrowsky law is in fact a group of psychological and sociological models. Under the title Language change and language evolution: Cousins, siblings, twins? Stefan Hartmann (Bamberg, Germany) argues that the partially synonymous use of the terms language change and language evolution can be explained by parallel developments both in historical linguistics and in the field of language evolution research. The article by Hartmann critically combines two approaches in particular (complex adaptive systems and construction grammar) into one integrated approach that seek to explain both language emergence and language change over historical time. Language change as a scientific construct of a probabilistically organized information system is the subject of the contribution of Eike U. Decker (Heidelberg, Germany). He discusses language change from an information and systems theoretical point of view. It is argued that human language must be regarded as a probabilistically organized information system in which synchronizations of the linguistic systems of individuals create unstable collective levels. Following Decker’s model, probabilistic organization of language processing on an individual level leads to probabilistic organization of language systems as a whole. Therefore, language change in its “classical sense” (a change in linguistic objects) must be reinterpreted as a change in probability distribution. In conclusion,","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43262804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper deals with constellations in which, as consequences of linguistic interculturality, elements of two or more languages encounter each other and result in something partially or completely new, an – occasionally temporary – “third quality”, namely hybridity. The paper contributes to the meta-discourse and theory formation by questioning the concept, term and content of “linguistic hybridity”. It also submits a proposal for a typology of linguistic-communicative hybridity that consists of the following prototypical main groups, each with several subtypes: (1) language-cultural, (2) semiotic, (3) medial, (4) communicative, (5) systematic, (6) paraverbal and (7) nonverbal hybridity. At last, the paper examines hybridity as an explanatory variable for language change. In conclusion, hybridity is generally a place of cultural production, with special regard to communication and language it is potentially considered as an incubator of linguistic innovation. Hybridity can be seen as the engine and as the result of language change, or language development. It represents an essential factor by which language functions and develops as a complex adaptive system. Hybridity operates as a continuous cycle. By generating innovation, it triggers language change, which in turn, leads to further and new hybridizations. The processuality of hybridity creates diversity, while at the same time it can cause the vanishing of diversity.
{"title":"Hybridität als Motor und als Ergebnis von Sprachwandel","authors":"C. Földes","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with constellations in which, as consequences of linguistic interculturality, elements of two or more languages encounter each other and result in something partially or completely new, an – occasionally temporary – “third quality”, namely hybridity. The paper contributes to the meta-discourse and theory formation by questioning the concept, term and content of “linguistic hybridity”. It also submits a proposal for a typology of linguistic-communicative hybridity that consists of the following prototypical main groups, each with several subtypes: (1) language-cultural, (2) semiotic, (3) medial, (4) communicative, (5) systematic, (6) paraverbal and (7) nonverbal hybridity. At last, the paper examines hybridity as an explanatory variable for language change. In conclusion, hybridity is generally a place of cultural production, with special regard to communication and language it is potentially considered as an incubator of linguistic innovation. Hybridity can be seen as the engine and as the result of language change, or language development. It represents an essential factor by which language functions and develops as a complex adaptive system. Hybridity operates as a continuous cycle. By generating innovation, it triggers language change, which in turn, leads to further and new hybridizations. The processuality of hybridity creates diversity, while at the same time it can cause the vanishing of diversity.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"79 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In dem vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir davon aus, dass der informationsbetonten Textsorte Meldung das fraktale Bauprinzip zugrunde liegt. Unter Fraktalität wird die rekursive Selbstähnlichkeit des Objektes verstanden. In der Textsorte Meldung der deutschen und ukrainischen Medienkultur lässt sich die Zweifraktalstruktur identifizieren: Überschrift als Anfangsfraktal (α) und Fließtext als Endfraktal (ω). Laut der kontrastiven Analyse ist die deutsche Meldung standardisierter und verdichteter als die ukrainische. Im Gegensatz zur deutschen Medienkultur, bei der die Meldung eine verarbeitete Mitteilung diverser Nachrichtenagenturen ist, veröffentlichen die ukrainischen Medien häufig eigene Mitteilungen. In der Mikrostruktur von deutschen und ukrainischen Meldungen sind einige Gemeinsamkeiten anzusehen. Im α-Fraktal dominiert der einfache Satz, durch den die Hauptproposition der Nachricht ausgedrückt wird. Im ω-Fraktal wird die Hauptproposition erweitert und ergänzt, indem es stilistisch neutral durch einfache Sätze und Hypotaxen ausgedrückt wird. In beiden Medienkulturen pflegen Berichterstatter überwiegend indirekte Rede bei der Informationsvermittlung zu verwenden. Im nonverbalen Aspekt weisen die deutsche und ukrainische Meldung viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Dies spiegelt die aktuellen Trends im Design von Medienmeldungen in modernen Tageszeitungen wider. Die Zeitungsmeldungen werden üblicherweise am Rande der Zeitungsspalte unter einer allgemeinen typografisch hervorgehobenen Dachzeile als ein Block angegeben.
{"title":"Medientextsorte Meldung in deutscher und ukrainischer Kultur aus fraktaler Perspektive","authors":"Yuriy Kiyko, Svitlana Kiyko","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In dem vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir davon aus, dass der informationsbetonten Textsorte Meldung das fraktale Bauprinzip zugrunde liegt. Unter Fraktalität wird die rekursive Selbstähnlichkeit des Objektes verstanden. In der Textsorte Meldung der deutschen und ukrainischen Medienkultur lässt sich die Zweifraktalstruktur identifizieren: Überschrift als Anfangsfraktal (α) und Fließtext als Endfraktal (ω). Laut der kontrastiven Analyse ist die deutsche Meldung standardisierter und verdichteter als die ukrainische. Im Gegensatz zur deutschen Medienkultur, bei der die Meldung eine verarbeitete Mitteilung diverser Nachrichtenagenturen ist, veröffentlichen die ukrainischen Medien häufig eigene Mitteilungen. In der Mikrostruktur von deutschen und ukrainischen Meldungen sind einige Gemeinsamkeiten anzusehen. Im α-Fraktal dominiert der einfache Satz, durch den die Hauptproposition der Nachricht ausgedrückt wird. Im ω-Fraktal wird die Hauptproposition erweitert und ergänzt, indem es stilistisch neutral durch einfache Sätze und Hypotaxen ausgedrückt wird. In beiden Medienkulturen pflegen Berichterstatter überwiegend indirekte Rede bei der Informationsvermittlung zu verwenden. Im nonverbalen Aspekt weisen die deutsche und ukrainische Meldung viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Dies spiegelt die aktuellen Trends im Design von Medienmeldungen in modernen Tageszeitungen wider. Die Zeitungsmeldungen werden üblicherweise am Rande der Zeitungsspalte unter einer allgemeinen typografisch hervorgehobenen Dachzeile als ein Block angegeben.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"117 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The term Piotrowski-Altmann law refers to a wide range of linguistic phenomena which proceed in the “slow-fast-slow” fashion, i.e. drawing a sigmoid on a graph. They include the replacement of an old morphological form with a new one, lexical borrowing between languages, the growth of a child’s vocabulary, and many others. The paper briefly discusses the history of the law, its current variants and their applications, and lastly science theoretical problems connected with it. It concludes that our law is in fact a group of psycho- and sociological models, whose application to linguistics requires further deliberation.
{"title":"Piotrowski-Altmann law: State of the art","authors":"Kamil Stachowski","doi":"10.1515/glot-2020-2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2020-2002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The term Piotrowski-Altmann law refers to a wide range of linguistic phenomena which proceed in the “slow-fast-slow” fashion, i.e. drawing a sigmoid on a graph. They include the replacement of an old morphological form with a new one, lexical borrowing between languages, the growth of a child’s vocabulary, and many others. The paper briefly discusses the history of the law, its current variants and their applications, and lastly science theoretical problems connected with it. It concludes that our law is in fact a group of psycho- and sociological models, whose application to linguistics requires further deliberation.","PeriodicalId":37792,"journal":{"name":"Glottotheory","volume":"11 1","pages":"3 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/glot-2020-2002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：