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Funktionen fachlicher Kommunikation 专业沟通的功能
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-2005
T. Roelcke
Zusammenfassung Fachliche Kommunikation erfüllt zahlreiche Funktionen. Um diese systematisch zu erfassen, sind sie an einem allgemeinen Modell fachlicher Kommunikation festzumachen, indem jedem seiner Elemente eine eigene kommunikative Funktion zugewiesen wird. Nach dieser Methode, die (ohne besondere Berücksichtigung fachlicher Kommunikation) bei Karl Bühler zum Ansatz von drei und bei Roman Jakobson zum Ansatz von sechs kommunikativen Funktionen führt, können schließlich neun bzw. elf fachkommunikative Funktionen unterschieden werden, die letztlich auch auf den Bereich der allgemeinen Kommunikation zu übertragen sind: Eine symptomatische, eine appellative, eine referentielle, eine epistemische, eine poetische, eine phatische, eine semiotische, eine diskursive und eine situative bzw. soziale oder kulturelle Funktion. Diese Funktionen werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt und erläutert sowie am Beispiel einer Fortbildung im IT-Bereich veranschaulicht.
摘要技术交流具有多种功能。为了系统地捕捉这些信息,必须将其附加到职业沟通的通用模型中,为每个元素分配自己的沟通功能。这种方法(不特别考虑专业沟通)导致了卡尔·布勒(Karl Bühler)中的三种方法和罗曼·雅各布森(Roman Jakobson)中的六种沟通功能方法,最终可以实现九种或更多。区分了11种专业交际功能,它们最终也可转移到一般交际领域:分别是症状性的、称谓性的、指称性的、认识性的、诗意的、发性的、符号性的、话语性的和情境性的。社会或文化功能。本文对这些功能进行了介绍和解释,并以IT部门的进一步培训为例进行了说明。
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引用次数: 0
Types of autonomous V-final clauses 自主式韵母句的类型
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-2004
W. Abraham
Abstract In German (and Dutch), main clauses and dependent clauses differ clearly with respect to form. Main clauses are always V2 and autonomous (with speech act status) while dependent ones are verb-final/VL (V-last) and nonautonomous (without speech act status). This paper is about autonomous clauses with the form of dependent clauses (i.e. VL-form, also captured in the literature under the term insubordinate subordination, coined by Evans, Nicholas. 2007. Insubordination and its uses. In Irina Nikolaeva (ed.), Finiteness: Theoretical and empirical foundations, 366–431. Oxford: Oxford University Press). In the recent literature, it has been argued that in order to explain the occurrence of autonomous dependent clauses in the historical development of German, the introducing main clause fell elliptically leaving behind a dependent form with autonomous status. The present paper argues that this account is false. Dependent forms can exist independently. Since speech act autonomy of dependent forms exists with certain (albeit not all) complementizers, a special account is provided. It is argued that this development typical of modern German, matches with the tendency toward an illocutionary semantics in its own right. Parallels for the latter path of grammaticalization are drawn from several languages other than German. The importance of the concerns for modern generative grammar is a twofold one: first, it provides insights into how independent (autonomous), but formally dependent sentences divide into several kinds of modality that are expressed in the left sentential periphery; and, second, it shows in which ways speaker-perspective is grammaticalized.
摘要在德语(和荷兰语)中,主句和从句在形式上有着明显的区别。主句总是V2和自主的(有言语行为状态),而从句是动词词尾/VL(V-last)和非自主的(没有言语行为状态的)。本文是关于具有从属从句形式的自主从句(即VL形式,在文献中也被称为不服从从属关系,由Evans,Nicholas创造。2007。违抗命令及其用途。Irina Nikolaeva(编辑),《有限性:理论和经验基础》,366–431。牛津:牛津大学出版社)。在最近的文献中,有人认为,为了解释德语历史发展中自主从属从句的出现,引入的主句是椭圆形的,留下了一种具有自主地位的从属形式。本文认为这种说法是错误的。从属形式可以独立存在。由于依赖形式的言语行为自主权存在于某些(尽管不是所有)补语中,因此提供了一个特殊的说明。有人认为,这种发展是现代德语的典型,与言外语义本身的趋势相匹配。后一种语法化途径的相似之处来自德语以外的几种语言。现代生成语法关注的重要性有两个方面:首先,它深入了解了独立(自主)但形式依赖的句子如何划分为在左句子外围表达的几种模态;其次,它展示了说话人视角的语法化方式。
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引用次数: 0
Deutsche Fachsprache der Architektur und des Bauwesens: Struktur und Semantik 德语建筑技术语言:结构与语义
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-2003
Svitlana Kiyko, Yevheniia Rubana
Abstract The article deals with the study of structural and semantic features of the German professional language of architecture and construction. The study is based on the main principles of structural-semantic linguistic paradigm and represents the modeling of terminology in the form of a thesaurus with its multilevel classification structure. Achieving the main goal involves the selection of various structural types of terms and phrases, the analysis of key terms and their semantic fields and the study of possible logical-semantic relations in the proposed German professional language. The study was conducted in four stages. The first stage included an explanation of the main approaches to the study of both terminological systems of professional languages and individual terms. The second stage consisted in the analysis of logical-conceptual relations between terms, such as hypero-hyponymy, subcontracting as well as relations concerning the localization of the object, its purpose, etc. At this stage, terminology is considered as a thesaurus, taking into account the specifics of the organization of the studied branch of knowledge and the lexical-semantic field of the key terms of architecture and construction. The third stage was based on the structural and morphological analysis of the terms and included a description of structural models of terms. The last stage concerned the formulation of the conclusions of our study.
摘要本文研究了德语建筑专业语言的结构和语义特征。本研究基于结构语义语言学范式的主要原则,以词库的形式对术语进行建模,并采用多级分类结构。实现主要目标包括选择各种结构类型的术语和短语,分析关键术语及其语义领域,以及研究拟议的德语专业语言中可能的逻辑语义关系。这项研究分四个阶段进行。第一阶段包括解释研究专业语言术语系统和个人术语的主要方法。第二阶段是分析术语之间的逻辑概念关系,如上下同音词、分包以及与对象的本地化、目的等有关的关系。在这个阶段,术语被视为一个词库,考虑到所研究的知识分支的组织细节以及架构和构造的关键术语的词汇语义领域。第三阶段基于术语的结构和形态分析,包括术语结构模型的描述。最后一个阶段涉及我们研究结论的制定。
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引用次数: 0
Stanza-based networks for poetic texts: a pilot study 基于斯坦扎的诗歌文本网络初探
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-2006
S. Buk, Andrij Rovenchak
Abstract We use approaches from the theory of complex networks to analyze the Prologue to Moses, a poem by the Ukrainian writer and scholar Ivan Franko. The Ukrainian text (in the original orthography from 1905 and the modern one) and several translations into Polish, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Slovak, and Spanish are studied. Networks are built in a manner that links are drawn between words (considered network vertices) within a stanza. Seven network parameters are calculated: all-degree centralization, assortativity, average path length, betweenness, clustering coefficient, density, and transitivity. Their dynamics is analyzed as the vertices with the highest numbers of links are removed from the networks one by one. The data obtained for the human-made translations are compared to those based on machine translations generated by the Google Translate service. Peculiarities of certain translations are underlined. Tentative correlation between the values of parameters and levels of language analyticity/syntheticity are established. Prospects toward automatic lemmatization and related problems to be solved are briefly outlined.
摘要运用复杂网络理论对乌克兰作家、学者伊万·弗兰科的《摩西序言》进行分析。研究了乌克兰文本(1905年和现代的原始正字法)以及波兰语、英语、法语、德语、意大利语、葡萄牙语、斯洛伐克语和西班牙语的几种翻译。网络的构建方式是在一节中的单词(被认为是网络顶点)之间绘制链接。计算了七个网络参数:所有程度的集中性、分类性、平均路径长度、介数、聚类系数、密度和传递性。当具有最高链接数的顶点从网络中一个接一个地移除时,将分析它们的动力学。将人工翻译获得的数据与谷歌翻译服务生成的机器翻译数据进行比较。某些译文的特点用下划线标出。在参数值和语言分析性/综合性水平之间建立了初步的相关性。简要介绍了自动旅名化的前景和需要解决的相关问题。
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引用次数: 0
Multi- and plurilingual professional communication – a model 多语种专业交流-典范
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-2001
Thorsten Roelcke
Abstract On the basis of a general model of professional communication which differs from concepts of professional language, a new model is developed which consistently integrates their multilingualism. This takes into account various individual languages such as German, English or Chinese as well as professionally relevant varieties such as every day and educational language including various languages for specific purposes in individual professions or professional contexts as well as the corresponding competences of the people working in these professions or contexts. Such a model not only provides an exhaustive and detailed coverage of plurilingual professional communication for itself, it also allows for numerous applications in the fields of language planning, language policy and language didactics.
摘要:本文在与专业语言概念不同的一般专业交际模式的基础上,提出了一种将专业交际的多语性统一起来的新模式。这考虑到不同的个人语言,如德语、英语或汉语,以及专业相关的语言,如日常语言和教育语言,包括个人专业或专业背景下特定目的的各种语言,以及在这些专业或背景下工作的人的相应能力。该模型不仅为多语专业交际提供了详尽的覆盖范围,而且在语言规划、语言政策和语言教学等领域也有广泛的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Frontmatter 头版头条
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-frontmatter1
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引用次数: 0
Nouns more similar to the nominative form are more frequent: a case study in Slovak 与主格形式更相似的名词更常见:斯洛伐克语的一个案例研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2023-2002
E. Kelih, Ján Mačutek, M. Koščová, V. Benko
Abstract Grammatical cases of nouns are expressed by inflectional endings in Slovak. Therefore, nouns have several word forms, with the nominative considered the basic form. In addition to the endings, in some word forms there are morphophonological changes also in stems. The differences between the basic form and inflected forms are evaluated using the Levenshtein distance. We show that word forms more similar to the basic form occur more often. The category of animacy plays a very important role in the frequency behaviour of masculine nouns. The overall idea of the present paper is to give some insights into phenomena of noun inflection and to test various factors influencing and regulating the overall complexity of expressing certain required morphological information. It seems that word frequency, but also word length plays an important role. Moreover, it is shown that also gender and animacy has to be considered to understand noun declension in Slovak properly.
在斯洛伐克语中,名词的语法格用屈折词尾来表达。因此,名词有几种词的形式,主格被认为是基本形式。除了词尾,在一些词形中词干也有词音变化。使用Levenshtein距离来评估基本形式和屈折形式之间的差异。我们发现,与基本形式更相似的单词形式出现得更频繁。动性范畴在男性名词的频率行为中起着非常重要的作用。本文的总体思路是对名词屈折现象有一些认识,并测试影响和调节表达某些所需形态信息的整体复杂性的各种因素。看来词频,还有词长都起着重要的作用。此外,它表明,性别和动物也必须考虑理解名词变化在斯洛伐克语正确。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of type and token frequency on word length: a cross-linguistic study 类型和标记频率对词长影响的跨语言研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2022-2007
T. Berg, Peter Zörnig, Charlotte Lehr
Abstract Inspired by Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation, previous research was mostly directed at the interaction of word length and token frequency. Much less is known about the relationship of word length and type frequency, let alone about the differential impact of type and token frequency on word length. These issues are examined on the basis of a non-representative sample of 10 languages. The token frequency analysis reveals that 8 of the 10 languages show a monotonic decrease in frequency with increasing length while 2 languages reveal a unimodal distribution. By contrast, all 10 languages exhibit a rise followed by a monotonic drop of the frequency curve in the type frequency analysis. There appears to be a notable effect of type frequency on the nature of the token frequency distribution: the greater the average length of the words in the lexicon, the higher the probability of a unimodal distribution. Two principles are required to account for these results—a general dispreference for using long words and a language-particular dispreference for short words in the lexicon.
摘要受齐普夫缩写定律的启发,以往的研究大多集中在单词长度和表征频率的相互作用上。关于单词长度和类型频率的关系,人们知之甚少,更不用说类型和标记频率对单词长度的差异影响了。这些问题是根据10种语言的非代表性样本进行审查的。表征频率分析表明,10种语言中有8种语言的频率随着长度的增加而单调下降,而2种语言的分布呈单峰分布。相比之下,在类型频率分析中,所有10种语言都表现出频率曲线的上升,然后是单调下降。类型频率似乎对表征频率分布的性质有显著影响:词汇中单词的平均长度越大,出现单峰分布的概率就越高。解释这些结果需要两个原则——在词典中使用长词的一般反驳和短词的特定语言反驳。
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引用次数: 1
Herausforderungen und Perspektiven der Wortschreibung: Tarifit auf Facebook und das Standard-Amazigh im Vergleich 单词的挑战和视角:大吃部Facebook和标准亚马逊(amazigh
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2022-2010
Naima Tahiri
Abstract The Berber languages of Morocco – regionally distributed differently: Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit – were subjected to a standardization process only at the beginning of the 21st century. The so-called Amazigh emerged as a standard language. The Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, founded in 2001 specifically for the preservation and promotion of Berber, was given the task of initiating and controlling the standardization process. In 2008, a reference grammar of standard Amazigh was published, which will be examined more closely in the following article with regard to the orthographic specifications for the spelling of nominal units. In doing so, the critical examination of orthography will be conducted in a relatively unconventional manner. The written form of Tarifit used within a Facebook group will be analyzed in order to compare the word spellings with the spelling rules of the standard Amazigh grammar. Tarifit is used extensively in social networks in certain contexts and the preferred writing system is Latin. The French-language grammar description of the standard Amazigh uses for the object language level the so-called Tifinagh. However, this writing system is hardly used in Moroccan society not only due to a lack of acceptance. Likewise, the use of standard Amazigh in society is almost non-existent. Lay transcriptions in social networks can be very informative with regard to word spellings. The grammar description for the standard Amazigh can be criticized from different perspectives and is in urgent need of a linguistically based revision.
摩洛哥的柏柏尔语-区域分布不同:Tarifit, Tamazight和Tashelhit -直到21世纪初才受到标准化进程的影响。所谓的阿马齐格语成为了一种标准语言。皇家阿马齐格文化研究所成立于2001年,专门用于保护和促进柏柏尔人的文化,其任务是发起和控制标准化进程。2008年,出版了一种标准阿马齐格语的参考语法,在下一篇文章中将对其进行更深入的研究,以讨论名称单位拼写的正字法规范。在这样做的过程中,对正字法的批判性检查将以一种相对非常规的方式进行。为了将单词拼写与标准Amazigh语法的拼写规则进行比较,将分析Facebook群组中使用的Tarifit的书面形式。在某些情况下,Tarifit在社交网络中被广泛使用,首选的书写系统是拉丁语。标准Amazigh的法语语法描述使用所谓的Tifinagh作为对象语言级别。然而,摩洛哥社会很少使用这种书写系统,不仅是因为缺乏接受度。同样,在社会上使用标准的阿马齐格语几乎是不存在的。在社交网络中,Lay转录可以提供非常有用的关于单词拼写的信息。标准阿马齐格语的语法描述可以从不同的角度进行批评,并且迫切需要基于语言学的修订。
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引用次数: 0
Dekodierung der Implizitheit des wertenden Urteils in Komplimenten (am Beispiel der cross-kulturellen Analyse von Gesprächen in männlichen geschlechtshomogenen Gruppen) 将判断的隐含性解码为赞美(以男性同质群体对话的跨文化分析为例)
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1515/glot-2022-2009
Oksana Khrystenko
Abstract Decoding the implicitness of evaluative judgment in compliments (based on the cross-cultural analysis of conversations in male gender-homogeneneous groups). In this paper, the implicit (anti)compliments within male gender-homogeneneous groups are examined in a contrastive way. After reviewing some findings to the implicit compliments, the paper deals with a case study referring to decoding of implicit positive evaluative judgment, which constitutes a primary illocution of the compliment. The following study examines whether there are certain differences and similarities in the frequency, subject matter and phonological design of implicit (anti)compliments in [the] groups of males with different cultural backgrounds. The study also shows which contextualization cues can contribute to the decoding of the negative evaluative statement in implicit anticompliments.
摘要解码赞美中评价判断的隐含性(基于对男性同质群体对话的跨文化分析)。本文通过对比的方法考察了男性同质群体中隐含的(反)赞美。在回顾了对隐含赞美的一些研究成果后,本文以一个案例研究为例,对隐含积极评价判断的解码进行了研究。以下研究考察了不同文化背景的男性群体在隐含(反)赞美的频率、主题和语音设计方面是否存在一定的差异和相似性。该研究还表明,哪些语境线索有助于解码隐含反顺应中的负面评价语句。
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引用次数: 0
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Glottotheory
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